401
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El Gemayel M, Narita A, Dössel LF, Sundaram RS, Kiersnowski A, Pisula W, Hansen MR, Ferrari AC, Orgiu E, Feng X, Müllen K, Samorì P. Graphene nanoribbon blends with P3HT for organic electronics. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6301-6314. [PMID: 24733615 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) the electrical characteristics of polymeric semiconducting materials suffer from the presence of structural/morphological defects and grain boundaries as well as amorphous domains within the film, hindering an efficient transport of charges. To improve the percolation of charges we blend a regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with newly designed N = 18 armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). The latter, prepared by a bottom-up solution synthesis, are expected to form solid aggregates which cannot be easily interfaced with metallic electrodes, limiting charge injection at metal-semiconductor interfaces, and are characterized by a finite size, thus by grain boundaries, which negatively affect the charge transport within the film. Both P3HT and GNRs are soluble/dispersible in organic solvents, enabling the use of a single step co-deposition process. The resulting OFETs show a three-fold increase in the charge carrier mobilities in blend films, when compared to pure P3HT devices. This behavior can be ascribed to GNRs, and aggregates thereof, facilitating the transport of the charges within the conduction channel by connecting the domains of the semiconductor film. The electronic characteristics of the devices such as the Ion/Ioff ratio are not affected by the addition of GNRs at different loads. Studies of the electrical characteristics under illumination for potential use of our blend films as organic phototransistors (OPTs) reveal a tunable photoresponse. Therefore, our strategy offers a new method towards the enhancement of the performance of OFETs, and holds potential for technological applications in (opto)electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella El Gemayel
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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402
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Ambrosi A, Chua CK, Bonanni A, Pumera M. Electrochemistry of Graphene and Related Materials. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7150-88. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 826] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Ambrosi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Chun Kiang Chua
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Alessandra Bonanni
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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403
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Navalon S, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Alvaro M, Garcia H. Carbocatalysis by Graphene-Based Materials. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6179-212. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4007347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Navalon
- Instituto
Universitario de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV and Departamento
de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida
de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy
- Centre
for Green Chemistry Processes, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mercedes Alvaro
- Instituto
Universitario de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV and Departamento
de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida
de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto
Universitario de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV and Departamento
de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida
de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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404
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Bodwell GJ. Extraordinary Transformations to Achieve the Synthesis of Remarkable Aromatic Compounds. CHEM REC 2014; 14:547-67. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham J. Bodwell
- Chemistry Department; Memorial University; St. John's, NL A1B 3X7 Canada
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405
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Mateo-Alonso A. Pyrene-fused pyrazaacenes: from small molecules to nanoribbons. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:6311-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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406
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Ito Y, Christodoulou C, Nardi MV, Koch N, Sachdev H, Müllen K. Chemical vapor deposition of N-doped graphene and carbon films: the role of precursors and gas phase. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3337-3346. [PMID: 24641621 DOI: 10.1021/nn405661b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermally induced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was used to study the formation of nitrogen-doped graphene and carbon films on copper from aliphatic nitrogen-containing precursors consisting of C1- and C2-units and (hetero)aromatic nitrogen-containing ring systems. The structure and quality of the resulting films were correlated to the influence of the functional groups of the precursor molecules and gas phase composition. They were analyzed with SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. The presence of (N-doped) graphene was confirmed by the 2D mode of the Raman spectra. The isolated graphene films obtained from nitrogen-containing precursors reveal a high conductivity and transparency compared to standard graphene CVD samples. Precursors with amine functional groups (e.g., methylamine) can lead to a direct formation of graphene even without additional hydrogen present in the gas phase. This is not observed for, e.g., methane under comparable CVD conditions. Therefore, the intermediate gas phase species (e.g., amine radicals) can significantly enhance the graphene film growth kinetics. Kinetic and thermodynamic effects can be invoked to discuss the decay of the precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Ito
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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407
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Zhang N, Samanta SR, Rosen BM, Percec V. Single Electron Transfer in Radical Ion and Radical-Mediated Organic, Materials and Polymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5848-958. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400689s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Shampa R. Samanta
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Brad M. Rosen
- DuPont Titanium Technologies, Chestnut Run Plaza, Wilmington, Delaware 19805, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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408
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Sakamoto K, Nishina N, Enoki T, Aihara JI. Aromatic Character of Nanographene Model Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3014-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5017032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenkichi Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Shizuoka University, Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Naoko Nishina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Shizuoka University, Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Enoki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Aihara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Shizuoka University, Oya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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409
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Botka B, Füstös ME, Tóháti HM, Németh K, Klupp G, Szekrényes Z, Kocsis D, Utczás M, Székely E, Váczi T, Tarczay G, Hackl R, Chamberlain TW, Khlobystov AN, Kamarás K. Interactions and chemical transformations of coronene inside and outside carbon nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1369-1378. [PMID: 24167020 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
By exposing flat and curved carbon surfaces to coronene, a variety of van der Waals hybrid heterostructures are prepared, including coronene encapsulated in carbon nanotubes, and coronene and dicoronylene adsorbed on nanotubes or graphite via π-π interactions. The structure of the final product is determined by the temperature of the experiment and the curvature of the carbon surface. While at temperatures below and close to the sublimation point of coronene, nanotubes with suitable diameters are filled with single coronene molecules, at higher temperatures additional dimerization and oligomerization of coronene occurs on the surface of carbon nanotubes. The fact that dicoronylene and possible higher oligomers are formed at lower temperatures than expected for vapor-phase polymerization indicates the active role of the carbon surface used primarily as template. Removal of adsorbed species from the nanotube surface is of utmost importance for reliable characterization of encapsulated molecules: it is demonstrated that the green fluorescence attributed previously to encapsulated coronene is instead caused by dicoronylene adsorbed on the surface which can be solubilized and removed using surfactants. After removing most of the adsorbed layer, a combination of Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy was employed to follow the transformation dynamics of coronene molecules inside nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bea Botka
- Walther-Meissner-Institute, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
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410
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Hao SJ, Joly VLJ, Kaneko S, Takashiro JI, Takai K, Hayashi H, Enoki T, Kiguchi M. Magnetic edge-states in nanographene, HNO3-doped nanographene and its residue compounds of nanographene-based nanoporous carbon. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:6273-82. [PMID: 24569838 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the magnetic and electronic properties of nanographene and its charge transfer effect, using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), magnetic susceptibility and ESR measurements, and elemental analysis, with the employment of nanoporous carbon, which consists of a three dimensional disordered network of loosely stacked nanographene sheets, in relation to the host-guest interaction with HNO3 as the electron-accepting guest. The adsorption of electron acceptor HNO3 decreases the intensity of the edge state peak in NEXAFS as a result of the charge-transfer-induced Fermi energy downshift, in agreement with the decrease in the edge-state spin concentration, and it also induces the structural expansion, which makes the inter-nanographene sheet distance elongated, resulting in weakening of the inter-nanographene-sheet antiferromagnetic interaction as evidenced by the decrease in the Weiss temperature. In addition, the decomposition of HNO3, which takes place with the electron-rich edge state as an oxidation catalyst, results in the creation of oxygen/nitrogen-containing functional groups bonded to the periphery of the nanographene sheets. Heat-treatment of the HNO3-ACFs under evacuation desorbs the HNO3 molecules completely, though a part of the oxygen/nitrogen-containing species remains strongly bonded to the edge even at a high temperature of ∼800 °C, according to NEXAFS and elemental analysis results. These remaining species participate in the charge transfer, modifying the electronic structure as observed with the decrease in the orbital susceptibility and the strengthening of the inter-nanographene-sheet antiferromagnetic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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411
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Garg R, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. Work Function Engineering of Graphene. NANOMATERIALS 2014; 4:267-300. [PMID: 28344223 PMCID: PMC5304665 DOI: 10.3390/nano4020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is a two dimensional one atom thick allotrope of carbon that displays unusual crystal structure, electronic characteristics, charge transport behavior, optical clarity, physical & mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and much more that is yet to be discovered. Consequently, it has generated unprecedented excitement in the scientific community; and is of great interest to wide ranging industries including semiconductor, optoelectronics and printed electronics. Graphene is considered to be a next-generation conducting material with a remarkable band-gap structure, and has the potential to replace traditional electrode materials in optoelectronic devices. It has also been identified as one of the most promising materials for post-silicon electronics. For many such applications, modulation of the electrical and optical properties, together with tuning the band gap and the resulting work function of zero band gap graphene are critical in achieving the desired properties and outcome. In understanding the importance, a number of strategies including various functionalization, doping and hybridization have recently been identified and explored to successfully alter the work function of graphene. In this review we primarily highlight the different ways of surface modification, which have been used to specifically modify the band gap of graphene and its work function. This article focuses on the most recent perspectives, current trends and gives some indication of future challenges and possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Garg
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, 5095 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Naba K Dutta
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, 5095 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, 5095 Adelaide, Australia.
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412
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413
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Frank E, Steudle LM, Ingildeev D, Spörl JM, Buchmeiser MR. Carbon Fibers: Precursor Systems, Processing, Structure, and Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5262-98. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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414
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Wang L, Zhang GW, Ou CJ, Xie LH, Lin JY, Liu YY, Huang W. Friedel-Crafts bottom-up synthesis of fluorene-based soluble luminescent organic nanogrids. Org Lett 2014; 16:1748-51. [PMID: 24611841 DOI: 10.1021/ol500439z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of fluorene-based grid molecules (so-called Grid fluorenes) have been synthesized by means of shape-supported cyclization, starting from H-shaped precursors via the alternative Friedel-Crafts reactions of fluorenols and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions with key cyclization yields up to 26%. Fluorenol approaches and nanogrids open a door to soluble one-, two-, or three-dimensional nanoporous polymers as next-generation polymer mechano-semiconductors facing a new era of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
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415
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Wang XY, Zhuang FD, Wang RB, Wang XC, Cao XY, Wang JY, Pei J. A straightforward strategy toward large BN-embedded π-systems: synthesis, structure, and optoelectronic properties of extended BN heterosuperbenzenes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3764-7. [PMID: 24579565 DOI: 10.1021/ja500117z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward strategy has been used to construct large BN-embedded π-systems simply from azaacenes. BN heterosuperbenzene derivatives, the largest BN heteroaromatics to date, have been synthesized in three steps. The molecules exhibit curved π-surfaces, showing two different conformations which are self-organized into a sandwich structure and further packed into a π-stacking column. The assembled microribbons exhibit good charge transport properties and photoconductivity, representing an important step toward the optoelectronic applications of BN-embedded aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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416
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Zhang Q, Peng H, Zhang G, Lu Q, Chang J, Dong Y, Shi X, Wei J. Facile bottom-up synthesis of coronene-based 3-fold symmetrical and highly substituted nanographenes from simple aromatics. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5057-64. [PMID: 24564649 DOI: 10.1021/ja413018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient self-sorting assemble (CSA) strategy has been paved for bottom-up construction of the 3-fold symmetrical and highly substituted hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronenes (c-HBCs), the trithieno analogues, and larger disc-shaped PAHs from simple chemicals using benzylic carbons as tenon joints and a novel FeCl3-mediated AAA process as a key step. The structures of the as-prepared c-HBCs and related NGs were clearly identified by spectral analyses and X-ray crystallographic studies. Moreover, these can be envisaged to serve as new launching platforms for the construction of larger and more complex π-conjugated molecules and supramolecular architectures because of the modifiable and symmetrical decorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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417
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Vo TH, Shekhirev M, Kunkel DA, Morton MD, Berglund E, Kong L, Wilson PM, Dowben PA, Enders A, Sinitskii A. Large-scale solution synthesis of narrow graphene nanoribbons. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3189. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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418
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419
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Kojima T, Hiraoka S. Selective Alternate Derivatization of the Hexaphenylbenzene Framework through a Thermodynamically Controlled Halogen Dance. Org Lett 2014; 16:1024-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Integrated
Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Integrated
Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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420
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Schlütter F, Nishiuchi T, Enkelmann V, Müllen K. Octafunctionalized biphenylenes: molecular precursors for isomeric graphene nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1538-42. [PMID: 24492971 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward method for the octafunctionalization of biphenylene based on the [2+2]-cycloaddition of an aryne intermediate has been developed. This enabled a "North-South" extension of biphenylene towards isomeric graphene nanoribbons composed of four-, six-, and eight-membered rings. This procedure furthermore allowed an "East-West" expansion to [n]phenylenes with different lengths. For the fabrication of isomeric nanongraphenes, octaarylbiphenylenes decorated with phenyl, pyrenyl, and thieno substituents were prepared. The subsequent oxidative cyclodehydrogenation provided an expanded helicene as a model compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schlütter
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
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421
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Schlütter F, Nishiuchi T, Enkelmann V, Müllen K. Octafunctionalized Biphenylenes: Molecular Precursors for Isomeric Graphene Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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422
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Babu SS, Praveen VK, Ajayaghosh A. Functional π-gelators and their applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:1973-2129. [PMID: 24400783 DOI: 10.1021/cr400195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1251] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Photosciences and Photonics Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Trivandrum 695019, India
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423
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Abstract
Herein, we aim to draw attention to employing chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method grown graphene as a potential platform for immunosensing of IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Huiling Loo
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Adriano Ambrosi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Alessandra Bonanni
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore
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424
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Van Thanh D, Li LJ, Chu CW, Yen PJ, Wei KH. Plasma-assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite for rapid production of graphene sheets. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46807k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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425
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Klett J. Monometalated tribenzotriquinacene: exo and endo coordination of sodium and potassium with a rigid bowl-shaped hydrocarbon anion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7929-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monometalated tribenzotriquinacene forms an exo coordinated arrangement with sodium, while potassium is found in an endo position inside the bowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klett
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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426
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Wijesinghe LP, Lankage BS, Máille GMÓ, Perera SD, Nolan D, Wang L, Draper SM. Methoxy functionalisation: exerting synthetic control of the supramolecular and electronic structure of nitrogen-doped nanographenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10637-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03577a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Demonstrating the chemical control of band gap and supramolecular stacking in four N-doped methoxy-substituted nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lankani P. Wijesinghe
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity College
- College Green
- Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
| | - Buddhie S. Lankage
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity College
- College Green
- Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
| | - Gearóid M. Ó Máille
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity College
- College Green
- Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
| | - Sarath D. Perera
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity College
- College Green
- Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
| | - Deanne Nolan
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity College
- College Green
- Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
| | - Longsheng Wang
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity College
- College Green
- Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
| | - Sylvia M. Draper
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity College
- College Green
- Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
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427
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Roth A, Ragoussi ME, Wibmer L, Katsukis G, Torre GDL, Torres T, Guldi DM. Electron-accepting phthalocyanine–pyrene conjugates: towards liquid phase exfoliation of graphite and photoactive nanohybrid formation with graphene. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00709c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exfoliation of graphite by ultrasonication in the presence of electron-accepting pyrene–phthalocyanines and photophysical characterization of the resulting nanoconjugate are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Roth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria-Eleni Ragoussi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco
- 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonie Wibmer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgios Katsukis
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco
- 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco
- 28049-Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia
- 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg
- 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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428
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Zhang L, Zhou TY, Tian J, Wang H, Zhang DW, Zhao X, Liu Y, Li ZT. A two-dimensional single-layer supramolecular organic framework that is driven by viologen radical cation dimerization and further promoted by cucurbit[8]uril. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00139g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Without or with the assistance of CB[8], a triangular radical monomer can self-assemble into 2D supramolecular organic frameworks in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tian-You Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
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429
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Jiménez ÁJ, Lin MJ, Burschka C, Becker J, Settels V, Engels B, Würthner F. Structure–property relationships for 1,7-diphenoxy-perylene bisimides in solution and in the solid state. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52344f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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430
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Liu Z, Shu D, Li P, Cheng X. Tribology study of lanthanum-treated graphene oxide thin film on silicon substrate. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00550c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low friction coefficient and wear rate of components are crucial for nano-electromechanical-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhan Liu
- School of Mechanical and Power Energy Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Da Shu
- School of Mechanical and Power Energy Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Mechanical and Power Energy Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xianhua Cheng
- School of Mechanical and Power Energy Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
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431
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Vo TH, Shekhirev M, Kunkel DA, Orange F, Guinel MJF, Enders A, Sinitskii A. Bottom-up solution synthesis of narrow nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4172-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00885e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Large quantities of nitrogen-doped graphene nanoribbons can be synthesized via Yamamoto coupling of molecular precursors followed by cyclodehydrogenation using Scholl reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H. Vo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln
- Lincoln, USA
| | | | - Donna A. Kunkel
- Department of Physics
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln
- Lincoln, USA
| | - François Orange
- Department of Physics and Nanoscopy Facility
- University of Puerto Rico
- San Juan, USA
| | - Maxime J.-F. Guinel
- Department of Physics and Nanoscopy Facility
- University of Puerto Rico
- San Juan, USA
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Puerto Rico
| | - Axel Enders
- Department of Physics
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln
- Lincoln, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln
- Lincoln, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska – Lincoln
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432
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López-Moreno A, Clemente-Tejeda D, Calbo J, Naeimi A, Bermejo FA, Ortí E, Pérez EM. Biomimetic oxidation of pyrene and related aromatic hydrocarbons. Unexpected electron accepting abilities of pyrenequinones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9372-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04026k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a mild catalytic method to oxidize PAHs and, in particular, pyrene, and we characterize the electron accepting abilities of pyrenequinones both in gas phase and in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Clemente-Tejeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Pza. de los Caídos 1-5
- Salamanca, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Atena Naeimi
- IMDEA Nanoscience
- C/Faraday 9
- Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco
- Madrid, Spain
- University of Jiroft
| | - Francisco A. Bermejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Pza. de los Caídos 1-5
- Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
- Universidad de Valencia
- E-46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Emilio M. Pérez
- IMDEA Nanoscience
- C/Faraday 9
- Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco
- Madrid, Spain
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433
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Levesque I, Néabo JR, Rondeau-Gagné S, Vigier-Carrière C, Daigle M, Morin JF. Layered graphitic materials from a molecular precursor. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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434
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Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Grapheneviasonication assisted liquid-phase exfoliation. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:381-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60217f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 839] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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435
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Fujii S, Enoki T. Rearrangement of π-electron network and switching of edge-localized π state in reduced graphene oxide. ACS NANO 2013; 7:11190-11199. [PMID: 24206107 DOI: 10.1021/nn404937z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduced defects can modulate the intrinsic electronic structure of graphene, causing a drastic switch in its electronic and magnetic properties, in which defect-induced localized π states near the Fermi level play an important role. Accordingly, considerable effort has been directed toward detailed characterization of the defect-induced state; however, identification of the chemical nature of the defect-induced state remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a method for reliable identification of the localized π states of oxidized vacancy edges in reduced graphene oxide. Depending on the dynamic changes in the oxygen-binding modes, i.e., between carbonyl and ether forms in the vacancy edges, the π-electron network near the edges can rearrange, leading to drastic on-off switching of the localized π state. This switching can be manipulated via scanning-probe-induced local mechanical force. This study provides fundamental guidance toward understanding how oxidized defect structures contribute to the unique electronic state of graphene oxide and its potential future applications in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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436
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Narita A, Feng X, Hernandez Y, Jensen SA, Bonn M, Yang H, Verzhbitskiy IA, Casiraghi C, Hansen MR, Koch AHR, Fytas G, Ivasenko O, Li B, Mali KS, Balandina T, Mahesh S, De Feyter S, Müllen K. Synthesis of structurally well-defined and liquid-phase-processable graphene nanoribbons. Nat Chem 2013; 6:126-32. [PMID: 24451588 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) make them good candidates for next-generation electronic materials. Whereas 'top-down' methods, such as the lithographical patterning of graphene and the unzipping of carbon nanotubes, give mixtures of different GNRs, structurally well-defined GNRs can be made using a 'bottom-up' organic synthesis approach through solution-mediated or surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation reactions. Specifically, non-planar polyphenylene precursors were first 'built up' from small molecules, and then 'graphitized' and 'planarized' to yield GNRs. However, fabrication of processable and longitudinally well-extended GNRs has remained a major challenge. Here we report a bottom-up solution synthesis of long (>200 nm) liquid-phase-processable GNRs with a well-defined structure and a large optical bandgap of 1.88 eV. Self-assembled monolayers of GNRs can be observed by scanning probe microscopy, and non-contact time-resolved terahertz conductivity measurements reveal excellent charge-carrier mobility within individual GNRs. Such structurally well-defined GNRs may prove useful for fundamental studies of graphene nanostructures, as well as the development of GNR-based nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yenny Hernandez
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Søren A Jensen
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Huafeng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, Manchester University, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Ivan A Verzhbitskiy
- Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimalle 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- 1] School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, Manchester University, Oxford Road, Manchester, M139PL, UK [2] Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimalle 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Amelie H R Koch
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Fytas
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany [2] Department of Materials Science, University of Crete and FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan, 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bing Li
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan, 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan, 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatyana Balandina
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan, 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sankarapillai Mahesh
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan, 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan, 200 F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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437
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438
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Li JL, Tang B, Yuan B, Sun L, Wang XG. A review of optical imaging and therapy using nanosized graphene and graphene oxide. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9519-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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439
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Zhang W, Zhu J, Ang H, Zeng Y, Xiao N, Gao Y, Liu W, Hng HH, Yan Q. Binder-free graphene foams for O2 electrodes of Li-O2 batteries. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:9651-8. [PMID: 23963594 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel method to prepare bind-free graphene foams as O2 electrodes for Li-O2 batteries. The graphene foams are synthesized by electrochemical leavening of the graphite papers, followed by annealing in inert gas to control the amount of structural defects in the graphene foams. It was found that the structural defects were detrimental to the processes of the ORR and OER in Li-O2 batteries. The round-trip efficiencies and the cycling stabilities of the graphene foams were undermined by the structural defects. For example, the as-prepared graphene foam with a high defect level (ID/IG = 0.71) depicted a round-trip efficiency of only 0.51 and a 20(th)-cycle discharge capacity of only 340 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 100 mA g(-1). By contrast, the graphene foam electrode annealed at 800 °C with ID/IG = 0.07 delivered a round-trip efficiency of up to 80% with a stable discharge voltage at ~2.8 V and a stable charge voltage below 3.8 V for 20 cycles. According to the analysis on the electrodes after 20 cycles, the structural defects led to the quickened decay of the graphene foams and boosted the formation of side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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440
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Kim KT, Lee JW, Jo WH. Charge-Transport Tuning of Solution-Processable Graphene Nanoribbons by Substitutional Nitrogen Doping. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Tae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-ku Seoul 151-744 Korea
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-ku Seoul 151-744 Korea
| | - Won Ho Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-ku Seoul 151-744 Korea
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441
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Sakamoto Y, Suzuki T. Tetrabenzo[8]circulene: Aromatic Saddles from Negatively Curved Graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14074-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja407842z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Sakamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Suzuki
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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442
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Economopoulos SP, Tagmatarchis N. Chemical Functionalization of Exfoliated Graphene. Chemistry 2013; 19:12930-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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443
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Nethravathi C, Jeffery AA, Rajamathi M, Kawamoto N, Tenne R, Golberg D, Bando Y. Chemical unzipping of WS2 nanotubes. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7311-7317. [PMID: 23883418 DOI: 10.1021/nn4029635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
WS2 nanoribbons have been synthesized by chemical unzipping of WS2 nanotubes. Lithium atoms are intercalated in WS2 nanotubes by a solvothermal reaction with n-butyllithium in hexane. The lithiated WS2 nanotubes are then reacted with various solvents--water, ethanol, and long chain thiols. While the tubes break into pieces when treated with water and ethanol, they unzip through longitudinal cutting along the axes to yield nanoribbons when treated with long chain thiols, 1-octanethiol and 1-dodecanethiol. The slow diffusion of the long chain thiols reduces the aggression of the reaction, leading to controlled opening of the tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nethravathi
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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444
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Kawasumi K, Zhang Q, Segawa Y, Scott LT, Itami K. A grossly warped nanographene and the consequences of multiple odd-membered-ring defects. Nat Chem 2013; 5:739-44. [PMID: 23965674 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Graphite, the most stable form of elemental carbon, consists of pure carbon sheets stacked upon one another like reams of paper. Individual sheets, known as graphene, prefer planar geometries as a consequence of the hexagonal honeycomb-like arrangements of trigonal carbon atoms that comprise their two-dimensional networks. Defects in the form of non-hexagonal rings in such networks cause distortions away from planarity. Herein we report an extreme example of this phenomenon. A 26-ring C80H30 nanographene that incorporates five seven-membered rings and one five-membered ring embedded in a hexagonal lattice was synthesized by stepwise chemical methods, isolated, purified and fully characterized spectroscopically. Its grossly warped structure was revealed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. An independent synthetic route to a freely soluble derivative of this new type of 'nanocarbon' is also reported. Experimental data reveal how the properties of such a large graphene subunit are affected by multiple odd-membered-ring defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Kawasumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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445
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Li Y, Zhang G, Liu Z, Chen X, Wang J, Di C, Zhang D. Alternating Electron Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers Based on Modified Naphthalene Diimide Framework: The Large Enhancement of p-Type Semiconducting Performance upon Solvent Vapor Annealing. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4009803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chong’an Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic
Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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446
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Tahara K, Yamamoto Y, Gross DE, Kozuma H, Arikuma Y, Ohta K, Koizumi Y, Gao Y, Shimizu Y, Seki S, Kamada K, Moore JS, Tobe Y. Syntheses and properties of graphyne fragments: trigonally expanded dehydrobenzo[12]annulenes. Chemistry 2013; 19:11251-60. [PMID: 23821553 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present herein the synthesis and properties of the largest hitherto unknown graphyne fragment, namely trigonally expanded tetrakis(dehydrobenzo[12]annulene)s (tetrakis-DBAs). Intramolecular three-fold alkyne metathesis reactions of hexakis(arylethynyl)DBAs 9 a and 9 b using Fürstner's Mo catalyst furnished tetrakis-DBAs 8 a and 8 b substituted with tert-butyl or branched alkyl ester groups in moderate and fair yields, respectively, demonstrating that the metathesis reaction of this protocol is a powerful tool for the construction of graphyne fragment backbones. For comparison, hexakis(arylethynyl)DBAs 9 c-g have also been prepared. The one-photon absorption spectrum of tetrakis-DBA 8 a bearing tert-butyl groups revealed a remarkable bathochromic shift of the absorption cut-off (λcutoff ) compared with those of previously reported graphyne fragments due to extended π-conjugation. Moreover, in the two-photon absorption spectrum, 8 a showed a large cross-section for a pure hydrocarbon because of the planar para-phenylene-ethynylene conjugation pathways. Hexakis(arylethynyl)-DBAs 9 c-e and 9 g and tetrakis-DBA 8 b bearing electron-withdrawing groups aggregated in chloroform solutions. Comparison between the free energies of 9 e and 8 b bearing the same substituents revealed the more favorable association of the latter due to stronger π-π interactions between the extended π-cores. Polarized optical microscopy observations, DSC, and XRD measurements showed that 8 b and 9 e with branched alkyl ester groups displayed columnar rectangular mesophases. By the time-resolved microwave conductivity method, the columnar rectangular phase of 8 b was shown to exhibit a moderate charge-carrier mobility of 0.12 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) . These results indicate that large graphyne fragments can serve as good organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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447
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Tang Q, Zhou Z, Chen Z. Graphene-related nanomaterials: tuning properties by functionalization. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:4541-83. [PMID: 23443470 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33218g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the most recent progress on graphene-related nanomaterials, including doped graphene and derived graphene nanoribbons, graphene oxide, graphane, fluorographene, graphyne, graphdiyne, and porous graphene, from both experimental and theoretical perspectives, and emphasize tuning their stability, electronic and magnetic properties by chemical functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Computational Centre for Molecule Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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448
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Konishi A, Hirao Y, Matsumoto K, Kurata H, Kubo T. Facile Synthesis and Lateral π-Expansion of Bisanthenes. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Kouzou Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Hiroyuki Kurata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
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449
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Kervyn S, Kalashnyk N, Riello M, Moreton B, Tasseroul J, Wouters J, Jones TS, De Vita A, Costantini G, Bonifazi D. “Magic” Surface Clustering of Borazines Driven by Repulsive Intermolecular Forces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7410-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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450
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Kervyn S, Kalashnyk N, Riello M, Moreton B, Tasseroul J, Wouters J, Jones TS, De Vita A, Costantini G, Bonifazi D. “Magic” Surface Clustering of Borazines Driven by Repulsive Intermolecular Forces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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