401
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Chen C, Chen J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wu Y. Ferroptosis drives photoreceptor degeneration in mice with defects in all-trans-retinal clearance. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100187. [PMID: 33334878 PMCID: PMC7948481 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The death of photoreceptor cells in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1) is closely associated with disruption in all-trans-retinal (atRAL) clearance in neural retina. In this study, we reveal that the overload of atRAL leads to photoreceptor degeneration through activating ferroptosis, a nonapoptotic form of cell death. Ferroptosis of photoreceptor cells induced by atRAL resulted from increased ferrous ion (Fe2+), elevated ACSL4 expression, system Xc- inhibition, and mitochondrial destruction. Fe2+ overload, tripeptide glutathione (GSH) depletion, and damaged mitochondria in photoreceptor cells exposed to atRAL provoked reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which, together with ACSL4 activation, promoted lipid peroxidation and thereby evoked ferroptotic cell death. Moreover, exposure of photoreceptor cells to atRAL activated COX2, a well-accepted biomarker for ferroptosis onset. In addition to GSH supplement, inhibiting either Fe2+ by deferoxamine mesylate salt (DFO) or lipid peroxidation with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) protected photoreceptor cells from ferroptosis caused by atRAL. Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice exhibiting defects in atRAL clearance is an animal model for dry AMD and STGD1. We observed that ferroptosis was indeed present in neural retina of Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice after light exposure. More importantly, photoreceptor atrophy and ferroptosis in light-exposed Abca4-/-Rdh8-/- mice were effectively alleviated by intraperitoneally injected Fer-1, a selective inhibitor of ferroptosis. Our study suggests that ferroptosis is one of the important pathways of photoreceptor cell death in retinopathies arising from excess atRAL accumulation and should be pursued as a novel target for protection against dry AMD and STGD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, China
| | - Jingmeng Chen
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, China
| | - Yalin Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, China; Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China.
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402
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Yao X, Sun K, Yu S, Luo J, Guo J, Lin J, Wang G, Guo Z, Ye Y, Guo F. Chondrocyte ferroptosis contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis. J Orthop Translat 2020; 27:33-43. [PMID: 33376672 PMCID: PMC7750492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex process comprised of mechanical load, inflammation, and metabolic factors. It is still unknown that if chondrocytes undergo ferroptosis during OA and if ferroptosis contribute to the progression of OA. Materials and methods In our study, we use Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) to simulate inflammation and ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) to simulate the iron overload in vitro. Also, we used the surgery-induced destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model to induce OA in vivo. We verify ferroptosis by its definition that defined by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death with both in vitro and in vivo model. Results We observed that both IL-1β and FAC induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid ROS accumulation and ferroptosis related protein expression changes in chondrocytes. Ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis specific inhibitor, attenuated the cytotoxicity, ROS and lipid-ROS accumulation and ferroptosis related protein expression changes induced by IL-1β and FAC and facilitated the activation of Nrf2 antioxidant system. Moreover, erastin, the most classic inducer of ferroptosis, promoted matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) expression while inhibited type II collagen (collagen II) expression in chondrocytes. At last, we proved that intraarticular injection of ferrostatin-1 rescued the collagen II expression and attenuated the cartilage degradation and OA progression in mice OA model. Conclusions In summary, our study firstly proved that chondrocytes underwent ferroptosis under inflammation and iron overload condition. Induction of ferroptosis caused increased MMP13 expression and decreased collagen II expression in chondrocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of ferroptosis, by intraarticular injection of ferrostatin-1, in our case, seems to be a novel and promising option for the prevention of OA. The translational potential of this article The translation potential of this article is that we first indicated that chondrocyte ferroptosis contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis which provides a novel strategy in the prevention of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Shengnan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Jiahui Luo
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Jiachao Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Genchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Zhou Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Yaping Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
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403
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Ferroptosis Mechanisms Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228765. [PMID: 33233496 PMCID: PMC7699575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of cell death that was described less than a decade ago. It is caused by the excess of free intracellular iron that leads to lipid (hydro) peroxidation. Iron is essential as a redox metal in several physiological functions. The brain is one of the organs known to be affected by iron homeostatic balance disruption. Since the 1960s, increased concentration of iron in the central nervous system has been associated with oxidative stress, oxidation of proteins and lipids, and cell death. Here, we review the main mechanisms involved in the process of ferroptosis such as lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase 4 enzyme activity, and iron metabolism. Moreover, the association of ferroptosis with the pathophysiology of some neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, has also been addressed.
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404
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Li N, Wang W, Zhou H, Wu Q, Duan M, Liu C, Wu H, Deng W, Shen D, Tang Q. Ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis is involved in sepsis-induced cardiac injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:303-318. [PMID: 32846217 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and iron-dependent form of regulated cell death (RCD), playing critical roles in organ injury and targeting therapy of cancers. Previous studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis participates in the development of cardiomyopathy including cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the role of ferroptosis in sepsis-induced cardiac injury remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanism of ferroptosis on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac injury. Mice were injected with LPS (10 mg/kg) for 12 h to generate experimental sepsis. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and Dexrazoxane (DXZ) were used to suppress ferroptosis of mice with sepsis-induced cardiac injury. LPS increased the levels of ferroptotic markers involving prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), malonaldehyde (MDA) and lipid ROS, apart from resulting in obvious mitochondria damage, which were alleviated by Fer-1 and DXZ. In vitro experiments showed that Fer-1 inhibited LPS-induced lipid peroxidation and injury of H9c2 myofibroblasts while erastin and sorafenib aggravated LPS-induced ferroptosis. Additionally, Fer-1 and DXZ improved survival rate and cardiac function of mice with sepsis. Mechanistically, LPS increased the expression of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) and the level of intracellular Fe2+ but decreased the level of ferritin. NCOA4 could directly interact with ferritin and degrade it in a ferritinophagy-dependent manner, which subsequently released a great amount of iron. Cytoplasmic Fe2+ further activated the expression of siderofexin (SFXN1) on mitochondrial membrane, which in turn transported cytoplasmic Fe2+ into mitochondria, giving rise to the production of mitochondrial ROS and ferroptosis. Based on these findings, we concluded that ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis is one of the critical mechanisms contributing to sepsis-induced cardiac injury. Targeting ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes may be a therapeutic strategy for preventing sepsis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Mingxia Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Haiming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Difei Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
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405
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Delivery of apigenin-loaded magnetic Fe 2O 3/Fe 3O 4@mSiO 2 nanocomposites to A549 cells and their antitumor mechanism. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111719. [PMID: 33545870 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces a mesoporous magnetic nano-system for the delivery of apigenin (API). A targeted therapeutic drug delivery system was prepared based on Fe2O3/Fe3O4@mSiO2-HA nanocomposites. Magnetic Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterogeneous nanoparticles were first prepared via the rapid-combustion process. The effects of solvent type, solvent volume, calcination temperature, and calcination time on the crystal size and magnetism of the Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterogeneous nanoparticles were investigated. The mesoporous silica shell was deposited on the Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterogeneous nanoparticles using an improved Stöber method. HA was exploited as the targeting ligand. The specific surface area of the Fe2O3/Fe3O4@mSiO2 nanocomposites was 369.6 m2/g, which is 19 times higher than that of the magnetic Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterogeneous nanoparticle cores. Drug release properties from the Fe2O3/Fe3O4@mSiO2-HA nanocomposites were studied, and the result showed that API-loaded nano-system had sustained release effect. Prussian blue staining and electrochemical performance variation showed that an external magnetic field facilitated cell uptake of Fe2O3/Fe3O4@mSiO2-HA nanocomposites. MTT assays showed that the cell inhibition effect of API-Fe2O3/Fe3O4@mSiO2-HA was stronger than that of free API at the same drug dose under a magnetic field and Fe2O3/Fe3O4@mSiO2-HA nanocomposites showed good biocompatibility. Fluorescence imaging, flow cytometry, western blot, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) kits verified that the enhanced therapeutic action was due to the promotion of apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis. The magnetic nano-system (Fe2O3/Fe3O4@mSiO2-HA) showed good magnetic targeting and active hyaluronic acid targeting, and has the potential to provide a targeted delivery platform for many antitumor drugs.
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406
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Nehring H, Meierjohann S, Friedmann Angeli JP. Emerging aspects in the regulation of ferroptosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2253-2259. [PMID: 33125483 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation has been associated with a wide array of (patho)physiological conditions. Remarkably, in the last few years, a novel cell death modality termed ferroptosis was recognized as a process initiated by iron-dependent oxidation of lipids. The sensitivity to ferroptosis is determined by the activity of antioxidant systems working on the repair of oxidized phospholipids and also metabolic pathways controlling the availability of substrates susceptible to lipid peroxidation. Non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin E, which has long been acknowledged as an efficient inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, play an important and often neglected role in subverting ferroptosis. Recent works dissecting the mechanisms that determine ferroptosis sensitivity have provided further insights into the contribution of alternative metabolic pathways able to suppress lipid peroxidation. Specifically, the role of ubiquinone and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) has been brought forth, with the identification of specific enzymatic systems responsible for their regeneration, as critical factors suppressing ferroptosis. Therefore, in the present manuscript, we address these emerging concepts and propose that the characterization of these antioxidant repair mechanisms will not only open a new understanding of disease conditions where ferroptosis plays a role but also offer opportunities to identify and sensitize cells to ferroptosis in the context of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Nehring
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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407
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Wiernicki B, Dubois H, Tyurina YY, Hassannia B, Bayir H, Kagan VE, Vandenabeele P, Wullaert A, Vanden Berghe T. Excessive phospholipid peroxidation distinguishes ferroptosis from other cell death modes including pyroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:922. [PMID: 33110056 PMCID: PMC7591475 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation (LPO) drives ferroptosis execution. However, LPO has been shown to contribute also to other modes of regulated cell death (RCD). To clarify the role of LPO in different modes of RCD, we studied in a comprehensive approach the differential involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phospholipid peroxidation products, and lipid ROS flux in the major prototype modes of RCD viz. apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. LC-MS oxidative lipidomics revealed robust peroxidation of three classes of phospholipids during ferroptosis with quantitative predominance of phosphatidylethanolamine species. Incomparably lower amounts of phospholipid peroxidation products were found in any of the other modes of RCD. Nonetheless, a strong increase in lipid ROS levels was detected in non-canonical pyroptosis, but only during cell membrane rupture. In contrast to ferroptosis, lipid ROS apparently was not involved in non-canonical pyroptosis execution nor in the release of IL-1β and IL-18, while clear dependency on CASP11 and GSDMD was observed. Our data demonstrate that ferroptosis is the only mode of RCD that depends on excessive phospholipid peroxidation for its cytotoxicity. In addition, our results also highlight the importance of performing kinetics and using different methods to monitor the occurrence of LPO. This should open the discussion on the implication of particular LPO events in relation to different modes of RCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Wiernicki
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Dubois
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Behrouz Hassannia
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Methusalem program; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Wullaert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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408
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The Molecular Mechanisms of Iron Metabolism and Its Role in Cardiac Dysfunction and Cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217889. [PMID: 33114290 PMCID: PMC7660609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential mineral participating in different functions of the organism under physiological conditions. Numerous biological processes, such as oxygen and lipid metabolism, protein production, cellular respiration, and DNA synthesis, require the presence of iron, and mitochondria play an important role in the processes of iron metabolism. In addition to its physiological role, iron may be also involved in the adaptive processes of myocardial "conditioning". On the other hand, disorders of iron metabolism are involved in the pathological mechanisms of the most common human diseases and include a wide range of them, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and accelerate the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, iron also exerts potentially deleterious effects that may be manifested under conditions of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, myocardial infarction, heart failure, coronary artery angioplasty, or heart transplantation, due to its involvement in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, iron has been recently described to participate in the mechanisms of iron-dependent cell death defined as "ferroptosis". Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, and other types of cell death. Ferroptosis has been shown to be associated with I/R injury and several other cardiac diseases as a significant form of cell death in cardiomyocytes. In this review, we will discuss the role of iron in cardiovascular diseases, especially in myocardial I/R injury, and protective mechanisms stimulated by different forms of "conditioning" with a special emphasis on the novel targets for cardioprotection.
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409
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Liu Y, Zeng L, Yang Y, Chen C, Wang D, Wang H. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 prevents cardiomyocytes from Doxorubicin-induced ferroptosis via shaping the lipid composition. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:756. [PMID: 32934217 PMCID: PMC7492260 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we first established the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) model with C57BL/6 mice and confirmed cardiac dysfunction with transthoracic echocardiography examination. RNA-sequencing was then performed to explore the potential mechanisms and transcriptional changes in the process. The metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acid was significantly altered in DOX-treated murine heart, and Acot1 was one of the leading-edge core genes. We then investigated the role of Acot1 to ferroptosis that was reported recently to be related to DIC. The induction of ferroptosis in the DOX-treated heart was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, and the inhibition of ferroptosis using Fer-1 effectively prevented the cardiac injury as well as the ultrastructure changes of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments proved the downregulation of Acot1 in DIC, which can be partially prevented with Fer-1 treatment. Overexpression of Acot1 in cell lines showed noteworthy protection to ferroptosis, while the knock-down of Acot1 sensitized cardiomyocytes to ferroptosis by DIC. Finally, the heart tissue of αMHC-Acot1 transgenic mice presented altered free fatty acid composition, indicating that the benefit of Acot1 in the inhibition of ferroptosis lies biochemically and relates to its enzymatic function in lipid metabolism in DIC. The current study highlights the importance of ferroptosis in DIC and points out the potential protective role of Acot1 in the process. The beneficial role of Acot1 may be related to its biochemical function by shaping the lipid composition. In all, Acot1 may become a potential treating target in preventing DIC by anti-ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchang Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, 430030, Wuhan, China.
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410
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Ren C, Li X, Du S. [Vitamin E reduces radiation injury of hippocampal neurons in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1097-1102. [PMID: 32895179 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.08.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect of vitamin E (VE) against radiation injury of hippocampal neurons in mice and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS Cultured HT-22 and U251 cells with or without exposure to 8 Gy irradiation were treated with VE (200 μmol/L for 24 h), ferroptosis inhibitor (ferrostatin-1, 5 μmol/L for 24 h), apoptosis inhibitor (ZVAD-FMK, 2 μmol/L), or necroptosis inhibitor (100 μmol/L). MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell viability after the treatments, and reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid reactive oxygen species (lipid ROS), and intracellular iron ion levels were detected for assessment of ferroptosis. The mice exposed to 16 Gy irradiation with or without vitamin E (500 U/kg) treatment for 6 weeks were assessed for behavioral changes and cognitive functions using Morris water maze test. RESULTS Treatment with VE significantly promoted the cell survival following irradiation in HT-22 cells (P < 0.05) but not in U251 cells (P > 0.05). Ferrostatin-1, but not ZVAD or the necroptosis inhibitor, promoted the survival of HT-22 cells following the irradiation. Exposure to irradiation significantly increased ferroptosis-related oxidative stress level in HT-22 cells, manifested by decreased GSH level and increased MDA, lipid ROS and intracellular iron ion levels (P < 0.05); treatment with VE and ferrostatin-1 both obviously reversed radiation-induced ferroptosis-related oxidative stress in the cells (P < 0.05). In Morris water maze test, the mice with radiation exposure showed obviously increased exploration time and distance (P < 0.05), which were significantly decreased after treatment with VE (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin E reduces radiation injury by inhibiting ferroptosis in the hippocampal neurons in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuanzi Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shasha Du
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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411
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; the Third Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; the Third Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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412
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Ouyang X, Li X, Liu J, Liu Y, Xie Y, Du Z, Xie H, Chen B, Lu W, Chen D. Structure-activity relationship and mechanism of four monostilbenes with respect to ferroptosis inhibition. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31171-31179. [PMID: 35520676 PMCID: PMC9056428 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04896h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erastin-treated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs) were prepared and used to compare the ferroptosis inhibitory bioactivities of four monostilbenes, including rhapontigenin (1a), isorhapontigenin (1b), piceatannol-3'-O-glucoside (1c), and rhapontin (1d). Their relative levels were 1c ≈ 1b > 1a ≈ 1d in 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid (C11-BODIPY), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and flow cytometric assays. The comparison highlighted two 4'-OH-containing monostilbenes (1c and 1b) in ferroptosis inhibitory bioactivity. Similar structure-activity relationships were also observed in antioxidant assays, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazl radical (DPPH˙)-trapping, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide radical (PTIO˙)-trapping, and Fe3+-reducing assays. UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS analysis of the DPPH˙-trapping reaction of the monostilbenes revealed that they can inhibit ferroptosis in erastin-treated bmMSCs through a hydrogen donation-based antioxidant pathway. After hydrogen donation, these monostilbenes usually produce the corresponding stable dimers; additionally, the hydrogen donation potential was enhanced by the 4'-OH. The enhancement by 4'-OH can be attributed to the transannular resonance effect. This effect can be used to predict the inhibition potential of other π-π conjugative phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Ouyang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yangping Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yulu Xie
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhongcun Du
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hong Xie
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ban Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wenbiao Lu
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
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413
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Poon JF, Zilka O, Pratt DA. Potent Ferroptosis Inhibitors Can Catalyze the Cross-Dismutation of Phospholipid-Derived Peroxyl Radicals and Hydroperoxyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14331-14342. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Fei Poon
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Omkar Zilka
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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414
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Soy M, Keser G, Atagündüz P, Tabak F, Atagündüz I, Kayhan S. Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:2085-2094. [PMID: 32474885 PMCID: PMC7260446 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 infection has a heterogenous disease course; it may be asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms in the majority of the cases, while immunologic complications such as macrophage activation syndrome also known as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, resulting in cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome, may also occur in some patients. According to current literature, impairment of SARS-CoV-2 clearance due to genetic and viral features, lower levels of interferons, increased neutrophil extracellular traps, and increased pyroptosis and probable other unknown mechanisms create a background for severe disease course complicated by macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine storm. Various genetic mutations may also constitute a risk factor for severe disease course and occurrence of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Once, immunologic complications like cytokine storm occur, anti-viral treatment alone is not enough and should be combined with appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment. Anti-rheumatic drugs, which are tried for managing immunologic complications of COVID-19 infection, will also be discussed including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, JAK inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, anti-TNF-α agents, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and colchicine. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of immunologic complications will decrease the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 infection, which requires the collaboration of infectious disease, lung, and intensive care unit specialists with other experts such as immunologists, rheumatologists, and hematologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Soy
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Bahcelievler MedicalPark Hospital, Altinbas University (Previously Kemerburgaz University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Keser
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pamir Atagündüz
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fehmi Tabak
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Diseases, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işık Atagündüz
- Internal Medicine and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Servet Kayhan
- Bahcelievler MedicalPark Hospital; Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University (Previously Kemerburgaz University), Istanbul, Turkey
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415
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Design and evaluation of bi-functional iron chelators for protection of dopaminergic neurons from toxicants. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3105-3123. [PMID: 32607613 PMCID: PMC7415766 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While the etiology of non-familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear, there is evidence that increased levels of tissue iron may be a contributing factor. Moreover, exposure to some environmental toxicants is considered an additional risk factor. Therefore, brain-targeted iron chelators are of interest as antidotes for poisoning with dopaminergic toxicants, and as potential treatment of PD. We, therefore, designed a series of small molecules with high affinity for ferric iron and containing structural elements to allow their transport to the brain via the neutral amino acid transporter, LAT1 (SLC7A5). Five candidate molecules were synthesized and initially characterized for protection from ferroptosis in human neurons. The promising hydroxypyridinone SK4 was characterized further. Selective iron chelation within the physiological range of pH values and uptake by LAT1 were confirmed. Concentrations of 10–20 µM blocked neurite loss and cell demise triggered by the parkinsonian neurotoxicants, methyl-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in human dopaminergic neuronal cultures (LUHMES cells). Rescue was also observed when chelators were given after the toxicant. SK4 derivatives that either lacked LAT1 affinity or had reduced iron chelation potency showed altered activity in our assay panel, as expected. Thus, an iron chelator was developed that revealed neuroprotective properties, as assessed in several models. The data strongly support the role of iron in dopaminergic neurotoxicity and suggests further exploration of the proposed design strategy for improving brain iron chelation.
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416
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Ursini F, Maiorino M. Lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis: The role of GSH and GPx4. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:175-185. [PMID: 32165281 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis (FPT) is a form of cell death due to missed control of membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO). According to the axiomatic definition of non-accidental cell death, LPO takes place in a scenario of altered homeostasis. FPT, differently from apoptosis, occurs in the absence of any known specific genetically encoded death pathway or specific agonist, and thus must be rated as a regulated, although not "programmed", death pathway. It follows that LPO is under a homeostatic metabolic control and is only permitted when indispensable constraints are satisfied and the antiperoxidant machinery collapses. The activity of the selenoperoxidase Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is the cornerstone of the antiperoxidant defence. Converging evidence on both mechanism of LPO and GPx4 enzymology indicates that LPO is initiated by alkoxyl radicals produced by ferrous iron from the hydroperoxide derivatives of lipids (LOOH), traces of which are the unavoidable drawback of aerobic metabolism. FPT takes place when a threshold has been exceeded. This occurs when the major conditions are satisfied: i) oxygen metabolism leading to the continuous formation of traces of LOOH from phospholipid-containing polyunsaturated fatty acids; ii) missed enzymatic reduction of LOOH; iii) availability of ferrous iron from the labile iron pool. Although the effectors impacting on homeostasis and leading to FPT in physiological conditions are not known, from the available knowledge on LPO and GPx4 enzymology we propose that it is aerobic life itself that, while supporting bioenergetics, is also a critical requisite of FPT. Yet, when the homeostatic control of the steady state between LOOH formation and reduction is lost, LPO is activated and FPT is executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
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417
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Zou Y, Schreiber SL. Progress in Understanding Ferroptosis and Challenges in Its Targeting for Therapeutic Benefit. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:463-471. [PMID: 32302583 PMCID: PMC7346472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell-death modality driven by oxidative phospholipid damage. In contrast to apoptosis, which enables organisms to eliminate targeted cells purposefully at specific times, ferroptosis appears to be a vulnerability of cells that otherwise use high levels of polyunsaturated lipids to their advantage. Cells in this high polyunsaturated lipid state generally have safeguards that mitigate ferroptotic risk. Since its recognition, ferroptosis has been implicated in degenerative diseases in tissues including kidney and brain, and is a targetable vulnerability in multiple cancers-each likely characterized by the high polyunsaturated lipid state with insufficient or overwhelmed ferroptotic safeguards. In this Perspective, we present progress toward defining the essential roles and key mediators of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in disease contexts. Moreover, we discuss gaps in our understanding of ferroptosis and list key challenges that have thus far limited the full potential of targeting ferroptosis for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zou
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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418
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xCT Inhibition Increases Sensitivity to Vorinostat in a ROS-Dependent Manner. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040827. [PMID: 32235498 PMCID: PMC7226257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have limited efficacy against solid tumors, we investigated whether and how oxidative stress is involved in sensitivity to HDACIs to develop a novel therapeutic option of HDACIs treatment. We first tested whether a reduction of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) by glutamine deprivation affects sensitivity to a commercially available HDACI vorinostat and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Next we investigated the relationship between a glutamate-cystine transporter xCT and the efficacy of vorinostat using siRNA of xCT and bioinformatic analyses. Finally, we verified the combinatory effects of vorinostat and the xCT inhibitor salazosulfapyridine (SASP) on ROS accumulation, cell death induction, and colony formation. Glutamine deprivation increased vorinostat-mediated cell death with ROS accumulation. Genetic ablation of xCT improved the efficacy of vorinostat, consistent with the results of public data analyses demonstrating that xCT expressions positively correlate with insensitivity to HDACIs in many types of cancer cell lines. Vorinostat caused ROS accumulation when combined with SASP, possibly resulting in synergistic ferroptosis. Our study provides a novel mechanistic insight into the mechanism underlying sensitivity to HDACIs involving xCT, suggesting xCT to be a promising predictive marker of HDACIs and rationalizing combinatory therapy of HDACIs with xCT inhibitors to induce ferroptosis.
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419
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Reclassifying Hepatic Cell Death during Liver Damage: Ferroptosis-A Novel Form of Non-Apoptotic Cell Death? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051651. [PMID: 32121273 PMCID: PMC7084577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis has emerged as a new type of cell death in different pathological conditions, including neurological and kidney diseases and, especially, in different types of cancer. The hallmark of this regulated cell death is the presence of iron-driven lipid peroxidation; the activation of key genes related to this process such as glutathione peroxidase-4 (gpx4), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member-4 (acsl4), carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 3 (cbr3), and prostaglandin peroxidase synthase-2 (ptgs2); and morphological changes including shrunken and electron-dense mitochondria. Iron overload in the liver has long been recognized as both a major trigger of liver damage in different diseases, and it is also associated with liver fibrosis. New evidence suggests that ferroptosis might be a novel type of non-apoptotic cell death in several liver diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), drug-induced liver injury (DILI), viral hepatitis, and hemochromatosis. The interaction between iron-related lipid peroxidation, cellular stress signals, and antioxidant systems plays a pivotal role in the development of this novel type of cell death. In addition, integrated responses from lipidic mediators together with free iron from iron-containing enzymes are essential to understanding this process. The presence of ferroptosis and the exact mechanisms leading to this non-apoptotic type of cell death in the liver remain scarcely elucidated. Recognizing ferroptosis as a novel type of cell death in the liver could lead to the understanding of the complex interaction between different types of cell death, their role in progression of liver fibrosis, the development of new biomarkers, as well as the use of modulators of ferroptosis, allowing improved theranostic approaches in the clinic.
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420
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Liu P, Feng Y, Li H, Chen X, Wang G, Xu S, Li Y, Zhao L. Ferrostatin-1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting ferroptosis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:10. [PMID: 32161620 PMCID: PMC7045739 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is a newly recognized type of cell death, which is different from traditional necrosis, apoptosis or autophagic cell death. However, the position of ferroptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has not been explored intensively so far. In this study, we mainly analyzed the relationship between ferroptosis and LPS-induced ALI. Methods In this study, a human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B, was treated with LPS and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1, ferroptosis inhibitor). The cell viability was measured using CCK-8. Additionally, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and iron, as well as the protein level of SLC7A11 and GPX4, were measured in different groups. To further confirm the in vitro results, an ALI model was induced by LPS in mice, and the therapeutic action of Fer-1 and ferroptosis level in lung tissues were evaluated. Results The cell viability of BEAS-2B was down-regulated by LPS treatment, together with the ferroptosis markers SLC7A11 and GPX4, while the levels of MDA, 4-HNE and total iron were increased by LPS treatment in a dose-dependent manner, which could be rescued by Fer-1. The results of the in vivo experiment also indicated that Fer-1 exerted therapeutic action against LPS-induced ALI, and down-regulated the ferroptosis level in lung tissues. Conclusions Our study indicated that ferroptosis has an important role in the progression of LPS-induced ALI, and ferroptosis may become a novel target in the treatment of ALI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, The 1st Affiliated Hospitals of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020 China.,2Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yetong Feng
- 3Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037 China
| | - Hanwei Li
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, The 1st Affiliated Hospitals of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020 China.,4Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Xin Chen
- 5Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 2nd Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, The 1st Affiliated Hospitals of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Guangsuo Wang
- 6Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 2nd Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, The 1st Affiliated Hospitals of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020 China
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- 4Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Yalan Li
- 7Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China.,2Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Lei Zhao
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, The 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, The 1st Affiliated Hospitals of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020 China.,2Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
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421
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Zhang X, Xing X, Liu H, Feng J, Tian M, Chang S, Liu P, Zhang H. Ionizing radiation induces ferroptosis in granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells of murine bone marrow. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:584-595. [PMID: 31906761 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1708993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To study whether radiation-induced bleeding in the bone marrow induced iron accumulation, and subsequently caused ferroptosis in granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells.Materials and methods: Male mice were subjected to different doses (0, 4, 8, or 10 Gy) of gamma radiation from a 137Cs source. The changes in iron metabolism or ferroptosis-related parameters of irradiated bone marrow were accessed with biochemical, histopathological, and antibody methods. Hematocytes were detected with a hematology analyzer. The counts of granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells were measured with the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit.Results: Iron accumulation occurred in the bone marrow, which caused by radiation-induced hemorrhage. The iron accumulation triggered an iron regulatory protein-ferroportin 1 axis to increase serum iron levels. Using LDN193189, radiation-induced iron accumulation was demonstrated to decrease white blood cell counts at least partly through a decrease in the counts of granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells. The reduction in the counts of granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells was subsequently demonstrated to attribute to ferroptosis with the use of ferroptosis inhibitors and through the detection of ferroptosis related-parameters. The survival rate of irradiated mice was improved using Ferrostatin-1 or LDN193189.Conclusions: These findings suggest that radiation-induced hemorrhage in the bone marrow causes ferroptosis in granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitor cells, and anti-ferroptosis has the potential to be a radioprotective strategy to ameliorate radiation-induced hematopoietic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Application and Radiation Protection in Astronautics (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Xueshuang Xing
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jundong Feng
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Application and Radiation Protection in Astronautics (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mengxin Tian
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shuquan Chang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Application and Radiation Protection in Astronautics (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Peidang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haiqian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
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