401
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402
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Kinbara K. Development of Supramolecular Machines Allowing for Mechanical Communication between Molecules. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2009. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.67.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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403
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Sato M, Nagano S, Seki T. A photoresponsive liquid crystal based on (1-cyclohexenyl)phenyldiazene as a close analogue of azobenzene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3792-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b906716g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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404
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Santos AR, Ballardini R, Belser P, Gandolfi MT, Iyer VM, Moggi L. Photochemical investigation of a photochromic diarylethene compound that can be used as a wide range actinometer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:1734-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00037b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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405
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406
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Siemeling U, Bruhn C, Bretthauer F, Borg M, Träger F, Vogel F, Azzam W, Badin M, Strunskus T, Wöll C. Photoresponsive SAMs on gold fabricated from azobenzene-functionalised asparagusic acid derivatives. Dalton Trans 2009:8593-604. [DOI: 10.1039/b905025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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407
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Hasegawa Y, Kume S, Nishihara H. Reversible light-induced magnetization change in an azobenzene-attached pyridylbenzimidazole complex of iron(ii) at room temperature. Dalton Trans 2009:280-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b817196n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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408
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Klamroth T, Kröner D. Stereoselective isomerization of an ensemble of adsorbed molecules with multiple orientations: stochastic laser pulse optimization for selective switching between achiral and chiral atropisomers. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:234701. [PMID: 19102546 DOI: 10.1063/1.3036927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We present quantum dynamical simulations for the laser driven isomerization of an ensemble of surface mounted stereoisomers with multiple orientations. The model system 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene supports two chiral and one achiral atropisomers upon torsion around the C-C single bond connecting phenyl ring and ethylene group. An infrared picosecond pulse is used to excite the internal rotation around the chiral axis, thereby controlling the chirality of the molecule. In order to selectively switch the molecules--independent of their orientation on a surface--from their achiral to either their left- or right-handed form, a stochastic pulse optimization algorithm is applied. The stochastic pulse optimization is performed for different sets of defined orientations of adsorbates corresponding to the rotational symmetry of the surface. The obtained nonlinearly polarized laser pulses are highly enantioselective for each orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Klamroth
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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409
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Yuan S, Dou Y, Wu W, Hu Y, Zhao J. Why Does trans-Azobenzene Have a Smaller Isomerization Yield for ππ* Excitation Than for nπ* Excitation? J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:13326-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806227x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico—Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China, and Department of Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, P.O. Box 2022, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70310
| | - Yusheng Dou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico—Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China, and Department of Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, P.O. Box 2022, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70310
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico—Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China, and Department of Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, P.O. Box 2022, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70310
| | - Yun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico—Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China, and Department of Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, P.O. Box 2022, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70310
| | - Jianshe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico—Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China, and Department of Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, P.O. Box 2022, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70310
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410
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Burdzinski G, Marciniak B. Photoinduced ultrafast ring-opening reaction in trithianes in solution. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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411
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A new family of photochromic compounds based on the photoinduced opening and thermal closing of [1,3]oxazine rings. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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412
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413
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Yuan S, Wu WF, Dou Y, Zhao JS. Trans–cis photoisomerization of azobenzene by n→π* excitation: A semiclassical dynamics study. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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414
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Casas-Solvas JM, Vargas-Berenguel A. Synthesis of a β-cyclodextrin derivative bearing an azobenzene group on the secondary face. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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415
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Hagen S, Kate P, Leyssner F, Nandi D, Wolf M, Tegeder P. Excitation mechanism in the photoisomerization of a surface-bound azobenzene derivative: Role of the metallic substrate. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:164102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2997343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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416
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Sheng C, Norwood RA, Wang J, Thomas J, Wu Y, Zheng Z, Tabirian N, Steeves DM, Kimball BR, Peyghambarian N. Time-resolved studies of photoinduced birefringence in azobenzene dye-doped polymer films. APPLIED OPTICS 2008; 47:5074-5077. [PMID: 18830292 DOI: 10.1364/ao.47.005074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We measured transient photoinduced birefringence (delta n) in various azobenzene dye films by pumping with a nanosecond pulse at 532 nm and probing at 633 nm. The switch-on times for the photoinduced birefringence range from nanoseconds to milliseconds and are systematically related with the lowest optical transition energies for those films. Moreover, our results suggest that the transient photoinduced birefringence measurement is a convenient way to determine the relative energies of pi-pi(*) and n-pi(*) states in azo-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChuanXiang Sheng
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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417
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Kopelman RA, Paquette MM, Frank NL. Photoprocesses and magnetic behavior of photochromic transition metal indoline[phenanthrolinospirooxazine] complexes: Tunable photochromic materials. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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418
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419
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Yoshida J, Sato H, Hoshino N, Yamagishi A. Induction and Structural Control of Chiral Nematic Phases by the Use of Photoresponsive Tris(β-diketonato) Co(III) and Ru(III) Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:9677-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8011206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshida
- Department of Earth and Planetary science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, and Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hisako Sato
- Department of Earth and Planetary science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, and Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Naomi Hoshino
- Department of Earth and Planetary science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, and Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yamagishi
- Department of Earth and Planetary science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, and Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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420
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Alhashimy N, Müller-Bunz H, Schazmann B, Diamond D. 5′,6-Dichloro-1′,3′,3′-trimethylspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline]. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1430-1. [PMID: 21203147 PMCID: PMC2962063 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808018722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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421
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Szaciłowski
- Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Wydział Chemii, ul. Romana Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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422
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423
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Indelli MT, Carli S, Ghirotti M, Chiorboli C, Ravaglia M, Garavelli M, Scandola F. Triplet pathways in diarylethene photochromism: photophysical and computational study of dyads containing ruthenium(II) polypyridine and 1,2-bis(2-methylbenzothiophene-3-yl)maleimide units. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7286-99. [PMID: 18479107 DOI: 10.1021/ja711173z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 1,2-bis(2-methylbenzothiophene-3-yl)maleimide model ( DAE) and two dyads in which this photochromic unit is coupled, via a direct nitrogen-carbon bond ( Ru-DAE) or through an intervening methylene group ( Ru-CH 2-DAE ), to a ruthenium polypyridine chromophore have been synthesized. The photochemistry and photophysics of these systems have been thoroughly characterized in acetonitrile by a combination of stationary and time-resolved (nano- and femtosecond) spectroscopic methods. The diarylethene model DAE undergoes photocyclization by excitation at 448 nm, with 35% photoconversion at stationary state. The quantum yield increases from 0.22 to 0.33 upon deaeration. Photochemical cycloreversion (quantum yield, 0.51) can be carried out to completion upon excitation at lambda > 500 nm. Photocyclization takes place both from the excited singlet state (S 1), as an ultrafast (ca. 0.5 ps) process, and from the triplet state (T 1) in the microsecond time scale. In Ru-DAE and Ru-CH 2-DAE dyads, efficient photocyclization following light absorption by the ruthenium chromophore occurs with oxygen-sensitive quantum yield (0.44 and 0.22, in deaerated and aerated solution, respectively). The photoconversion efficiency is almost unitary (90%), much higher than for the photochromic DAE alone. Efficient quenching of both Ru-based MLCT phosphorescence and DAE fluorescence is observed. A complete kinetic characterization has been obtained by ps-ns time-resolved spectroscopy. Besides prompt photocyclization (0.5 ps), fast singlet energy transfer takes place from the excited diarylethene to the Ru(II) chromophore (30 ps in Ru-DAE, 150 ps in Ru-CH 2-DAE ). In the Ru(II) chromophore, prompt intersystem crossing to the MLCT triplet state is followed by triplet energy transfer to the diarylethene (1.5 ns in Ru-DAE, 40 ns in Ru-CH 2-DAE ). The triplet state of the diarylethene moiety undergoes cyclization in a microsecond time scale. The experimental results are complemented with a combined ab initio and DFT computational study whereby the potential energy surfaces (PES) for ground state (S 0) and lowest triplet state (T 1) of the diarylethene are investigated along the reaction coordinate for photocyclization/cycloreversion. At the DFT level of theory, the transition-state structures on S 0 and T 1 are similar and lean, along the reaction coordinate, toward the closed-ring form. At the transition-state geometry, the S 0 and T 1 PES are almost degenerate. Whereas on S 0 a large barrier (ca. 45 kcal mol (-1)) separates the open- and closed-ring minima, on T 1 the barriers to isomerization are modest, cyclization barrier (ca. 8 kcal mol (-1)) being smaller than cycloreversion barrier (ca. 14 kcal mol (-1)). These features account for the efficient sensitized photocyclization and inefficient sensitized cycloreversion observed with Ru-DAE. Triplet cyclization is viewed as a nonadiabatic process originating on T 1 at open-ring geometry, proceeding via intersystem crossing at transition-state geometry, and completing on S 0 at closed-ring geometry. A computational study of the prototypical model 1,2-bis(3-thienyl)ethene is used to benchmark DFT results against ab initio CASSCF//CASPT2 results and to demonstrate the generality of the main topological features of the S 0 and T 1 PES obtained for DAE. Altogether, the results provide strong experimental evidence and theoretical rationale for the triplet pathway in the photocyclization of photochromic diarylethenes.
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424
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Stolow A, Underwood JG. Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Nonadiabatic Dynamics in Polyatomic Molecules. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470259498.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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425
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Ferri V, Elbing M, Pace G, Dickey M, Zharnikov M, Samorì P, Mayor M, Rampi M. Light-Powered Electrical Switch Based on Cargo-Lifting Azobenzene Monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:3407-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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426
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Ferri V, Elbing M, Pace G, Dickey M, Zharnikov M, Samorì P, Mayor M, Rampi M. Light-Powered Electrical Switch Based on Cargo-Lifting Azobenzene Monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200705339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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427
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Cordes T, Schadendorf T, Rück-Braun K, Zinth W. Chemical control of Hemithioindigo-photoisomerization – Substituent-effects on different molecular parts. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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428
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Sinan M, Panda M, Ghosh A, Dhara K, Fanwick PE, Chattopadhyay DJ, Goswami S. Mild Synthesis of a Family of Planar Triazinium Cations via Proton-Assisted Cyclization of Pyridyl Containing Azo Compounds and Studies on DNA Intercalation. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5185-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ja710211u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sinan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India, Department of Bio-Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - M. Panda
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India, Department of Bio-Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - A. Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India, Department of Bio-Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - K. Dhara
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India, Department of Bio-Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - P. E. Fanwick
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India, Department of Bio-Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - D. J. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India, Department of Bio-Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - S. Goswami
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India, Department of Bio-Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700 019, India, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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429
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Liu H, Song LJ, Ju ZF, Li W, Zhang J. Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of 5-(4-Sulfophenylazo) salicylate-bridged 1D coordination polymers containing linear trinuclear metal clusters. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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430
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Ziółek M, Burdziński G, Filipczak K, Karolczak J, Maciejewski A. Spectroscopic and photophysical studies of the hydroquinone family of photochromic Schiff bases analyzed over a 17-orders-of-magnitude time scale. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1304-18. [PMID: 18292866 DOI: 10.1039/b715244b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydroquinone family of photochromic Schiff bases has been studied by means of stationary and time-resolved spectroscopic absorption and emission techniques in the UV-Vis spectral range in the temporal range from 100 fs to 1 h. The studies have revealed that besides the ultrafast excited state intramolecular proton transfer reaction there is also another deactivation channel from the initially excited state. For the symmetric molecule with two intramolecular hydrogen bonds, the efficiency of the proton transfer reaction has been found to be at least ten times reduced when compared to that of the asymmetric molecule with one intramolecular hydrogen bond. The long-lived transient species absorbing in the UV range and coexisting with the photochrome have been observed in differently interacting solvents. Evidence for different conformers of almost all of the tautomers involved in the photochromic cycle has been also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ziółek
- Center for Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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431
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Cordes T, Schadendorf T, Priewisch B, Rück-Braun K, Zinth W. The Hammett relationship and reactions in the excited electronic state: hemithioindigo Z/E-photoisomerization. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:581-8. [PMID: 18177026 DOI: 10.1021/jp077472l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical reaction dynamics of a set of photochromic compounds based on thioindigo and stilbene molecular parts (hemithioindigos, HTI) are presented. Photochemical Z/E isomerization around the central double bond occurs with time constants of 216 ps (Z --> E) and 10 ps (E --> Z) for a 5-methyl-hemithioindigo. Chemical substitution on the stilbene moiety causes unusually strong changes in the reaction rate. Electron-donating substituents in the position para to the central double bond (e.g., para-methoxy) strongly accelerate the reaction, while the reaction is drastically slowed by electron-withdrawing groups in this position (e.g., para-nitrile). We correlate the experimental data of seven HTI-compounds in a quantitative manner using the Hammett equation and present a qualitative explanation for the application of ground-state Hammett constants to describe the photoisomerization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Cordes
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, CIPSM, and Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettigenstrasse 67, Munich, Germany
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432
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He X, Sun W, Yan D, Xie M, Zhang Y. Synthesis and characterization of side-chain liquid crystalline ABC triblock copolymers withp-methoxyazobenzene moieties by atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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433
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Kinbara K, Muraoka T, Aida T. Chiral ferrocenes as novel rotary modules for molecular machines. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1871-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b718982f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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434
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Nicolaÿ R, Marx L, Hémery P, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of Multisegmented Degradable Polymers by Atom Transfer Radical Cross-Coupling. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma701923q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Nicolaÿ
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, UMR 7610, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Lucien Marx
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, UMR 7610, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Patrick Hémery
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, UMR 7610, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, UMR 7610, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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435
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436
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Theoretical studies on the electronic structure and spectral properties of versatile diarylethene-containing 1,10-phenanthroline ligands and their rhenium(I) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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437
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Dietzek B, Brüggemann B, Pascher T, Yartsev A. Pump-shaped dump optimal control reveals the nuclear reaction pathway of isomerization of a photoexcited cyanine dye. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13014-21. [PMID: 17924621 DOI: 10.1021/ja072639+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using optimal control as a spectroscopic tool we decipher the details of the molecular dynamics of the essential multidimensional excited-state photoisomerization - a fundamental chemical reaction of key importance in biology. Two distinct nuclear motions are identified in addition to the overall bond-twisting motion: Initially, the reaction is dominated by motion perpendicular to the torsion coordinate. At later times, a second optically active vibration drives the system along the reaction path to the bottom of the excited-state potential. The time scales of the wavepacket motion on a different part of the excited-state potential are detailed by pump-shaped dump optimal control. This technique offers new means to control a chemical reaction far from the Franck-Condon point of absorption and to map details of excited-state reaction pathways revealing unique insights into the underlying reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dietzek
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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438
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Kröner D, Klaumünzer B. Laser-operated chiral molecular switch: quantum simulations for the controlled transformation between achiral and chiral atropisomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5009-17. [PMID: 17851597 DOI: 10.1039/b705974d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report quantum dynamical simulations for the laser controlled isomerization of 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene based on one-dimensional electronic ground and excited state potentials obtained from (TD)DFT calculations. 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluorobenzene supports two chiral and one achiral atropisomers, the latter being the most stable isomer at room temperature. Using a linearly polarized IR laser pulse the molecule is excited to an internal rotation around its chiral axis, i.e. around the C-C single bond between phenyl ring and ethenyl group, changing the molecular chirality. A second linearly polarized laser pulse stops the torsion to prepare the desired enantiomeric form of the molecule. This laser control allows the selective switching between the achiral and either the left- or right-handed form of the molecule. Once the chirality is "switched on" linearly polarized UV laser pulses allow the selective change of the chirality using the electronic excited state as intermediate state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kröner
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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439
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Ryo S, Ishibashi Y, Murakami M, Miyasaka H, Kobatake S, Irie M. Multiphoton-gated photochromic reaction of diarylethene derivatives in PMMA solid film. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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440
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Shim S, Eom I, Joo T, Kim E, Kim KS. Ring closure reaction dynamics of diarylethene derivatives in solution. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8910-7. [PMID: 17722888 DOI: 10.1021/jp0715528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photochromic ring closure reaction dynamics of 1,2-bis(2-methylbenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)hexafluoro cyclopentene and its derivatives in solution has been studied by femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence. Time-resolved spontaneous fluorescence of the open isomer reveals a fast component of around 1 ps and a slow component on the order of 100 ps. Fluorescence time profiles, reaction quantum yields, and relative populations of the parallel (C(s) symmetry) and antiparallel (C(2) symmetry) conformations indicate that both time components are attributable mostly to the C(2) conformer that undergoes the ring closure reaction. The fast component is assigned to the direct ring closure reaction, and the slow component is assigned to the reaction through conformation change. Time constants of the slow component for the derivatives are inversely proportional to the reaction quantum yields, suggesting that the rate of the conformational dynamics is comparable to the rate of other population relaxation processes. The relative amplitude and exact time constant of the fast component depend on the detection wavelength displaying a higher relative amplitude with shorter time constant at longer wavelengths. The results allow us to propose a conformational inhomogeneity model, in which a broad distribution of conformations of the open isomers in the ground state is projected into two minima in the excited electronic potential surface to lead to the slow and the fast reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangdeok Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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441
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Patnaik S, Kumar P, Garg BS, Gandhi RP, Gupta KC. Photomodulation of PS-modified oligonucleotides containing azobenzene substituent at pre-selected positions in phosphate backbone. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7840-9. [PMID: 17870546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new protocol has been developed for incorporation of a photoisomerizable azobenzene moiety into synthetic stereo-enriched [R(p)] and [S(p)] PS-oligonucleotides. The azobenzene pendant is attached at pre-selected positions in internucleotidic phosphorothioate oligonucleotides of both [R(p)] and [S(p)] diastereomers using a novel reagent, N-iodoacetyl-p-aminoazobenzene, 1. The modified oligomers are purified on HPLC, characterized by LC-MS, and examined for their thermal and photoisomerization properties. The azobenzene moiety imparts greater stability to oligomer duplexes in (E) NN configuration as compared to (Z) configuration. The placement of the azobenzene pendant close to 5'-terminus (n-1) and 3'-terminus of the modified PS-oligos contributes maximum stability to the duplex while a gradual decline in stability occurs with azobenzene moving toward middle of the duplex. Circular Dichroism studies reveal that the chiral environment at the phosphorus center of the PS-oligos does not alter the global conformation of the DNA duplex as such, suggesting conservation of conformation of the modified DNA strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyakam Patnaik
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi 110 007, India
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442
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Gentili PL, Ortica F, Favaro G. Supramolecular interaction of a spirooxazine with amino acids. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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443
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Reversible switching of tetra-tert-butyl-azobenzene on a Au(111) surface induced by light and thermal activation. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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444
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Garlichs-Zschoche FA, Dötz KH. Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Azobenzene Sugar Chromium Carbenes. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700441z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian A. Garlichs-Zschoche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Heinz Dötz
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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445
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Clark AE. Time-dependent density functional theory studies of the photoswitching of the two-photon absorption spectra in stilbene, metacyclophenadiene, and diarylethene chromophores. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:3790-6. [PMID: 16526664 DOI: 10.1021/jp056904u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photochromophores such as cis-stilbene (1a), metacyclophenadiene (2a), and the diarylethene 3a undergo photoinduced conrotatory opening and closing of a central bond and are currently being sought out as potential candidates for media within 3D optical information storage devices. Strong molecular two-photon absorption (inducing the reversible photoisomerization) is a necessary feature for this application due to the need for high 3D spatial resolution. Here, the one- and two-photon absorption (OPA and TPA) characteristics of the open- and closed-ring isomers of 1-3 have been investigated using time-dependent density functional theory. It was determined that the excited states populated by two-photon absorption were nearly 1 eV higher in energy than the lowest energy excited state populated by one-photon absorption. The electronic structures of the TPA and OPA accessed states were then compared utilizing natural transition orbital analysis. There, it was found that states excited by OPA had pipi* character about the C-C framework associated with the bond formation/scission of the central C-C bond. In contrast, the states populated by TPA have pipi* character along the C-C skeletal periphery, including phenyl excitations. It is postulated that these differences in excited state electronic structure may lead to reaction pathways alternative to photoisomerization about the central C-C bond, impacting the utility of these compounds as 3D information storage media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
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446
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Wen G, Zhang D, Huang Y, Zhao R, Zhu L, Shuai Z, Zhu D. New heterocyclic tetrathiafulvalene compounds with an azobenzene moiety: photomodulation of the electron-donating ability of the tetrathiafulvalene moiety. J Org Chem 2007; 72:6247-50. [PMID: 17616147 DOI: 10.1021/jo070651e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New heterocyclic TTF compounds 1a-c and 2 with an azobenzene moiety were described. The oxidation potential of 1a could be reversibly modulated by alternating UV and visible light irradiation. As a result, a molecular switch with UV/visible light as the inputs and the electrochemical signal as the output was achieved. Moreover, it was found that the influence of the azobenzene photoisomerization on the electronic property of the TTF unit became stronger with shorter spacers in compounds 1a-c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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447
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Otsuki J, Suwa K, Sarker KK, Sinha C. Photoisomerization and thermal isomerization of arylazoimidazoles. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1403-9. [PMID: 17352038 DOI: 10.1021/jp066816p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoisomerization and thermal isomerization behaviors of an extensive series of arylazoimidazoles are investigated. Absorption spectra are characterized by a structured pipi* absorption band around 330-400 nm with a tail on the lower energy side extending to 500 nm corresponding to an npi* transition. The trans-to-cis photoisomerization occurs on excitation into these absorption bands. The quantum yields are dependent on the excitation wavelength, as observed for azobenzene derivatives, but are generally larger than those of azobenzene. The thermal cis-to-trans isomerization rates are also generally larger than that of azobenzene and are comparable to those of 4-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene and 4-nitroazobenzene. Arylazoimidazoles with no substituent on the imidazole nitrogen are unique in that the quantum yield for the trans-to-cis photoisomerization and the rate of thermal cis-to-trans isomerization are particularly large. It is proposed that the fast thermal isomerization is due to an involvement of self-catalyzed and protic molecule-assisted tautomerization to a hydrazone form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Otsuki
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan.
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448
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Yang X, Dai T, Zhu Z, Lu Y. Electrochemical synthesis of functional polypyrrole nanotubes via a self-assembly process. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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449
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Pace G, Ferri V, Grave C, Elbing M, von Hänisch C, Zharnikov M, Mayor M, Rampi MA, Samorì P. Cooperative light-induced molecular movements of highly ordered azobenzene self-assembled monolayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:9937-42. [PMID: 17535889 PMCID: PMC1891213 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703748104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochromic systems can convert light energy into mechanical energy, thus they can be used as building blocks for the fabrication of prototypes of molecular devices that are based on the photomechanical effect. Hitherto a controlled photochromic switch on surfaces has been achieved either on isolated chromophores or within assemblies of randomly arranged molecules. Here we show by scanning tunneling microscopy imaging the photochemical switching of a new terminally thiolated azobiphenyl rigid rod molecule. Interestingly, the switching of entire molecular 2D crystalline domains is observed, which is ruled by the interactions between nearest neighbors. This observation of azobenzene-based systems displaying collective switching might be of interest for applications in high-density data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pace
- *Unité Mixte de Recherche 7006, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Louis Pasteur, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Violetta Ferri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Christian Grave
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mark Elbing
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; and
- **To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
| | - Maria Anita Rampi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- **To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
| | - Paolo Samorì
- *Unité Mixte de Recherche 7006, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Louis Pasteur, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- **To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: , , or
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450
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Smitha P, Asha SK. Structure Control for Fine Tuning Fluorescence Emission from Side-Chain Azobenzene Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6364-73. [PMID: 17518495 DOI: 10.1021/jp071303j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New fluorescent azobenzene dyes and side-chain polymers have been synthesized and characterized and their photophysical properties studied. A series of azobenzene dyes having different fluorophores such as phenol (S1), phenylphenol (S2) and naphthol (S3) incorporated in them were synthesized. S2 had unusually high fluorescence with a quantum yield of phi f = 0.2 recorded in dichloromethane (DCM), whereas S1 and S3 were found to be weakly fluorescent. The azobenzene dyes were converted into methacrylate monomers having short ethyleneoxy spacers and then free radically polymerized. Phenylphenol-based azobenzene polymer (P2) continued to show fluorescence, whereas fluorescence was completely quenched in the case of phenol (P1)- and naphthol (P3)-based polymers. Phenylphenol, though twisted in the ground state is known to have a more planar geometry in the excited state--a factor that enables it to retain its fluorescence behavior even when it is incorporated as part of an azobenzene unit. In contrast, naphthol, which is a better fluorophore compared to phenylphenol, loses much of its emissive behavior upon coupling to the azobenzene unit. The extent of trans to cis photoisomerization in solution was very low (approximately 17%) for P2 after 30 min of continuous irradiation using 365 nm light, in contrast to approximately 40% for P1 under identical conditions. This is attributed to the steric repulsion brought about by the bulky phenylphenol units that restrict rotation. A 2-fold enhancement in fluorescence emission was observed for P2 upon irradiation by UV light at 360 nm, which relaxed to the original intensity in about 7 day's time. The higher emission of the cis azobenzenes is generally attributed to an inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. The emission of P2 showed a concentration dependence which increased initially and then decreased in intensity with the formation of a new red-shifted peak at higher concentration due to aggregation. Irradiation of the fluorescence quenched highly concentrated (1 x 10(-3) M) sample of P2 showed an enhancement in emission from aggregates at 532 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Smitha
- Polymer Research Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
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