401
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Ahsanullah, Schmieder P, Kühne R, Rademann J. Metallfreie regioselektive Triazol-Ligationen liefern konformativ fixierte cis-Peptidmimetika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200806390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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402
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Li Z, Yu G, Wu W, Liu Y, Ye C, Qin J, Li Z. Nonlinear Optical Dendrimers from Click Chemistry: Convenient Synthesis, New Function of the Formed Triazole Rings, and Enhanced NLO Effects. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900471t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong’an Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gui Yu
- Organic Solids Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Organic Solids Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Organic Solids Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jingui Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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403
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Hur GH, Meier JL, Baskin J, Codelli JA, Bertozzi CR, Marahiel MA, Burkart MD. Crosslinking studies of protein-protein interactions in nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2009; 16:372-81. [PMID: 19345117 PMCID: PMC2743379 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Selective protein-protein interactions between nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) proteins, governed by communication-mediating (COM) domains, are responsible for proper translocation of biosynthetic intermediates to produce the natural product. In this study, we developed a crosslinking assay, utilizing bioorthogonal probes compatible with carrier protein modification, for probing the protein interactions between COM domains of NRPS enzymes. Employing the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes, we examined crosslinking of cognate NRPS modules within the tyrocidine pathway and demonstrated the sensitivity of our panel of crosslinking probes toward the selective protein interactions of compatible COM domains. These studies indicate that copper-free crosslinking substrates uniquely offer a diagnostic probe for protein-protein interactions. Likewise, these crosslinking probes serve as ideal chemical tools for structural studies between NRPS modules where functional assays are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene H. Hur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jordan L. Meier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jeremy Baskin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, B-84 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Julian A. Codelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, B-84 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, B-84 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Mohamed A. Marahiel
- Fachbereich Chemie/Biochemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael D. Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093
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404
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Grieshaber SE, Farran AJE, Lin-Gibson S, Kiick KL, Jia X. Synthesis and Characterization of Elastin-Mimetic Hybrid Polymers with Multiblock, Alternating Molecular Architecture and Elastomeric Properties. Macromolecules 2009; 42:2532-2541. [PMID: 19763157 PMCID: PMC2743465 DOI: 10.1021/ma802791z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We are interested in developing elastin-mimetic hybrid polymers (EMHPs) that capture the multiblock molecular architecture of tropoelastin as well as the remarkable elasticity of mature elastin. In this study, multiblock EMHPs containing flexible synthetic segments based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) alternating with alanine-rich, lysine-containing peptides were synthesized by step-growth polymerization using α,ω-azido-PEG and alkyne-terminated AKA(3)KA (K = lysine, A = alanine) peptide, employing orthogonal click chemistry. The resulting EMHPs contain an estimated three to five repeats of PEG and AKA(3)KA and have an average molecular weight of 34 kDa. While the peptide alone exhibited α-helical structures at high pH, the fractional helicity for EMHPs was reduced. Covalent cross-linking of EMHPs with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) through the lysine residue in the peptide domain afforded an elastomeric hydrogel (xEMHP) with a compressive modulus of 0.12 MPa when hydrated. The mechanical properties of xEMHP are comparable to a commercial polyurethane elastomer (Tecoflex SG80A) under the same conditions. In vitro toxicity studies showed that while the soluble EMHPs inhibited the growth of primary porcine vocal fold fibroblasts (PVFFs) at concentrations ≥0.2 mg/mL, the cross-linked hybrid elastomers did not leach out any toxic reagents and allowed PVFFs to grow and proliferate normally. The hybrid and modular approach provides a new strategy for developing elastomeric scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kristi L. Kiick
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. K.L.K.: phone 302-831-0201; fax 302-831-4545; e-mail . X.J.: phone 302-831-6553; fax 302-831-4545; e-mail
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. K.L.K.: phone 302-831-0201; fax 302-831-4545; e-mail . X.J.: phone 302-831-6553; fax 302-831-4545; e-mail
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405
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Programmed assembly of 3-dimensional microtissues with defined cellular connectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:4606-10. [PMID: 19273855 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0900717106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organs comprise differentiated cell types with discrete yet interdependent functions. The cells' spatial arrangements and interconnectivities, both critical elements of higher-order function, derive from complex developmental programs in vivo and are often difficult or impossible to emulate in vitro. Here, we report the bottom-up synthesis of microtissues composed of multiple cell types with programmed connectivity. We functionalized cells with short oligonucleotides to impart specific adhesive properties. Hybridization of complementary DNA sequences enabled the assembly of multicellular structures with defined cell-cell contacts. We demonstrated that the kinetic parameters of the assembly process depend on DNA sequence complexity, density, and total cell concentration. Thus, cell assembly can be highly controlled, enabling the design of microtissues with defined cell composition and stoichiometry. We used this strategy to construct a paracrine signaling network in isolated 3-dimensional microtissues.
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406
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Facile synthesis of diazido-functionalized biaryl compounds as radioisotope-free photoaffinity probes by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2490-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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407
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Li Z, Yu G, Hu P, Ye C, Liu Y, Qin J, Li Z. New Azo-Chromophore-Containing Hyperbranched Polytriazoles Derived from AB2 Monomers via Click Chemistry under Copper(I) Catalysis. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8025223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong’an Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and Organic Solids Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Gui Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and Organic Solids Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and Organic Solids Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and Organic Solids Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and Organic Solids Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jingui Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and Organic Solids Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, and Organic Solids Laboratories, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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408
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Gasser G, Brosch O, Ewers A, Weyhermüller T, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis and characterisation of hetero-bimetallic organometallic phenylalanine and PNA monomer derivatives. Dalton Trans 2009:4310-7. [PMID: 19662308 DOI: 10.1039/b819169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The rational, sequential synthesis of two hetero-bimetallic derivatives of the amino acid phenylalanine and one thymine (T) peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer is reported. Ferrocene carboxylic acid and (eta-ethene)bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) were successfully reacted with propargylamide amino acid (1a and 1b) or a T PNA monomer derivative (6) to give the expected three bimetallic compounds 4a, 4b and 9 in good yield. An enzymatic route using cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLEC) of subtilopeptidase A in organic solvents gave the ferrocene carboxylate phenylalanine propargylamide precursor (Fc-CO-Phe-NH-CH(2)-CCH, 3a) in comparable yield and purity to the traditional deprotection-peptide coupling sequence. (31)P NMR spectra of these bioorganometallics showed two doublets with (195)Pt satellites corresponding to two chemically different (31)P atoms. Interestingly, in the case of the T PNA monomer derivative 9, these signals were also doubled in a 60 : 40 ratio as a consequence of the existence of two slowly interconverting isomers in solution. Furthermore, the single-crystal X-ray structures of 3a and the hetero-bimetallic phenylalanine derivative 4b were determined, showing the presence of the two organometallics moieties separated by ca. 8.5 A in 4b as well as illustrating the stability of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gasser
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I-Bioanorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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409
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Devaraj NK, Weissleder R, Hilderbrand SA. Tetrazine-based cycloadditions: application to pretargeted live cell imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 19:2297-9. [PMID: 19053305 DOI: 10.1021/bc8004446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 629] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal tetrazine cycloadditions have been applied to live cell labeling. Tetrazines react irreversibly with the strained dienophile norbornene forming dihydropyrazine products and dinitrogen. The reaction is high yielding, selective, and fast in aqueous media. Her2/neu receptors on live human breast cancer cells were targeted with a monoclonal antibody modified with a norbornene. Tetrazines conjugated to a near-infrared fluorochrome selectively and rapidly label the pretargeted antibody in the presence of serum. These findings indicate that this chemistry is suitable for in vitro labeling experiments, and suggests that it may prove a useful strategy for in vivo pretargeted imaging under numerous modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K Devaraj
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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410
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Sletten EM, Bertozzi CR. Bioorthogonal chemistry: fishing for selectivity in a sea of functionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6974-98. [PMID: 19714693 PMCID: PMC2864149 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2338] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The study of biomolecules in their native environments is a challenging task because of the vast complexity of cellular systems. Technologies developed in the last few years for the selective modification of biological species in living systems have yielded new insights into cellular processes. Key to these new techniques are bioorthogonal chemical reactions, whose components must react rapidly and selectively with each other under physiological conditions in the presence of the plethora of functionality necessary to sustain life. Herein we describe the bioorthogonal chemical reactions developed to date and how they can be used to study biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California and The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA), Fax: (+1)510-643-2628
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411
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Yet L. Chapter 5.4: Five-Membered Ring Systems: With More than One N Atom. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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412
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Song HY, Ngai MH, Song ZY, MacAry PA, Hobley J, Lear MJ. Practical synthesis of maleimides and coumarin-linked probes for protein and antibody labelling via reduction of native disulfides. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3400-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b904060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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413
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Hong V, Presolski SI, Ma C, Finn MG. Analysis and optimization of copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition for bioconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9879-83. [PMID: 19943299 PMCID: PMC3410708 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 761] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vu Hong
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1)858-784-8850
| | - Stanislav I. Presolski
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1)858-784-8850
| | - Celia Ma
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1)858-784-8850
| | - M. G. Finn
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1)858-784-8850
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414
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Nishimura J, Kasuga Y, Ito M, Onoda W, Nakamura Y, Inokuma S, Matsuda T. Kinetic Study on Huisgen Reaction Catalyzed by Copper(I): Triazol Formation from Water-Soluble Alkyne and Alkyl Azide. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-11592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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415
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Homann A, Seibel J. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis and functional analysis of natural and modified glycostructures. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:1555-71. [DOI: 10.1039/b909990p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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416
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Yue X, Zhang X, Qing FL. Highly Diastereoselective Zn/SnCl2-Mediated gem-Difluoroallylation of Chiral Hydrazones. Org Lett 2008; 11:73-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol802361p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Yue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China, and College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
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417
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Blackman ML, Royzen M, Fox JM. Tetrazine ligation: fast bioconjugation based on inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:13518-9. [PMID: 18798613 DOI: 10.1021/ja8053805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1150] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Described is a bioorthogonal reaction that proceeds with unusually fast reaction rates without need for catalysis: the cycloaddition of s-tetrazine and trans-cyclooctene derivatives. The reactions tolerate a broad range of functionality and proceed in high yield in organic solvents, water, cell media, or cell lysate. The rate of the ligation between trans-cyclooctene and 3,6-di-(2-pyridyl)-s-tetrazine is very rapid (k2 2000 M-1 s-1). This fast reactivity enables protein modification at low concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Blackman
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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