401
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Mahto SK, Charwat V, Ertl P, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Rhee SW, Sznitman J. Microfluidic platforms for advanced risk assessments of nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:381-95. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.940402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel,
| | - Verena Charwat
- BioSensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria,
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse, Vienna, Austria,
| | - Peter Ertl
- BioSensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria,
| | | | - Seog Woo Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel,
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402
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Abstract
Use of mRNA-based vaccines for tumour immunotherapy has gained increasing attention in recent years. A growing number of studies applying nanomedicine concepts to mRNA tumour vaccination show that the mRNA delivered in nanoparticle format can generate a more robust immune response. Advances in the past decade have deepened our understanding of gene delivery barriers, mRNA's biological stability and immunological properties, and support the notion for engineering innovations tailored towards a more efficient mRNA nanoparticle vaccine delivery system. In this review we will first examine the suitability of mRNA for engineering manipulations, followed by discussion of a model framework that highlights the barriers to a robust anti-tumour immunity mediated by mRNA encapsulated in nanoparticles. Finally, by consolidating existing literature on mRNA nanoparticle tumour vaccination within the context of this framework, we aim to identify bottlenecks that can be addressed by future nanoengineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle K L Phua
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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403
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Hood RR, DeVoe DL, Atencia J, Vreeland WN, Omiatek DM. A facile route to the synthesis of monodisperse nanoscale liposomes using 3D microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing in a concentric capillary array. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2403-2409. [PMID: 24825622 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel microscale device has been developed to enable the one-step continuous flow assembly of monodisperse nanoscale liposomes using three-dimensional microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing (3D-MHF) in a concentric capillary array. The 3D-MHF flow technique displays patent advantages over conventional methods for nanoscale liposome manufacture (i.e., bulk-scale alcohol injection and/or sonication) through the on-demand synthesis of consistently uniform liposomes without the need for post-processing strategies. Liposomes produced by the 3D-MHF device are of tunable size, have a factor of two improvement in polydispersity, and a production rate that is four orders of magnitude higher than previous MHF methods, which can be attributed to entirely radially symmetric diffusion of alcohol-solvated lipid into an aqueous flow stream. Moreover, the 3D-MHF platform is simple to construct from low-cost, commercially-available components, which obviates the need for advanced microfabrication strategies necessitated by previous MHF nanoparticle synthesis platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee R Hood
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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404
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Albanese A, Lam AK, Sykes EA, Rocheleau JV, Chan WCW. Tumour-on-a-chip provides an optical window into nanoparticle tissue transport. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2718. [PMID: 24177351 PMCID: PMC3947376 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are used for numerous biomedical applications, but the selection of optimal properties for maximum delivery remains challenging. Thus, there is a significant interest in elucidating the nano-bio interactions underlying tissue accumulation. To date, researchers have relied on cell culture or animal models to study nano-bio interactions. However, cell cultures lack the complexity of biological tissues and animal models are prohibitively slow and expensive. Here we report a tumour-on-a-chip system where incorporation of tumour-like spheroids into a microfluidic channel permits real-time analysis of nanoparticle accumulation at physiological flow conditions. We show that penetration of nanoparticles into the tissue is limited by their diameter and retention can be improved by receptor-targeting. Nanoparticle transport is predominantly diffusion-limited with convection increasing accumulation exclusively at the tissue perimeter. A murine tumour model confirms these findings and demonstrates that the tumour-on-a-chip can be useful for screening optimal nanoparticle designs prior to in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Albanese
- 1] Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada [3]
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405
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Rabanel JM, Hildgen P, Banquy X. Assessment of PEG on polymeric particles surface, a key step in drug carrier translation. J Control Release 2014; 185:71-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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406
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Abstract
Personalized medicine is the cornerstone of medical practice. It tailors treatments for specific conditions of an affected individual. The borders of personalized medicine are defined by limitations in technology and our understanding of biology, physiology and pathology of various conditions. Current advances in technology have provided physicians with the tools to investigate the molecular makeup of the disease. Translating these molecular make-ups to actionable targets has led to the development of small molecular inhibitors. Also, detailed understanding of genetic makeup has allowed us to develop prognostic markers, better known as companion diagnostics. Current attempts in the development of drug delivery systems offer the opportunity of delivering specific inhibitors to affected cells in an attempt to reduce the unwanted side effects of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Badalian-Very
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Tel.: + 1 617 513 7940; fax: + 1 617 632 5998.
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407
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Lim JM, Swami A, Gilson LM, Chopra S, Choi S, Wu J, Langer R, Karnik R, Farokhzad OC. Ultra-high throughput synthesis of nanoparticles with homogeneous size distribution using a coaxial turbulent jet mixer. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6056-65. [PMID: 24824296 PMCID: PMC4072409 DOI: 10.1021/nn501371n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput production of nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled quality is critical for their clinical translation into effective nanomedicines for diagnostics and therapeutics. Here we report a simple and versatile coaxial turbulent jet mixer that can synthesize a variety of NPs at high throughput up to 3 kg/d, while maintaining the advantages of homogeneity, reproducibility, and tunability that are normally accessible only in specialized microscale mixing devices. The device fabrication does not require specialized machining and is easy to operate. As one example, we show reproducible, high-throughput formulation of siRNA-polyelectrolyte polyplex NPs that exhibit effective gene knockdown but exhibit significant dependence on batch size when formulated using conventional methods. The coaxial turbulent jet mixer can accelerate the development of nanomedicines by providing a robust and versatile platform for preparation of NPs at throughputs suitable for in vivo studies, clinical trials, and industrial-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Archana Swami
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Laura M. Gilson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sunandini Chopra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Address correspondence to ,
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408
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Montis C, Maiolo D, Alessandri I, Bergese P, Berti D. Interaction of nanoparticles with lipid membranes: a multiscale perspective. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6452-7. [PMID: 24807475 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding lipid bilayers were challenged with 15 nm Au nanospheres either coated by a citrate layer or passivated by a protein corona. The effect of Au nanospheres on the bilayer morphology, permeability and fluidity presents strong differences or similarities, depending on the observation length scale, from the colloidal to the molecular domains. These findings suggest that the interaction between nanoparticles and lipid membranes should be conveniently treated as a multiscale phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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409
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McNulty JD, Klann T, Sha J, Salick M, Knight GT, Turng LS, Ashton RS. High-precision robotic microcontact printing (R-μCP) utilizing a vision guided selectively compliant articulated robotic arm. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1923-1930. [PMID: 24759945 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51137e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased realization of the spatial heterogeneity found within in vivo tissue microenvironments has prompted the desire to engineer similar complexities into in vitro culture substrates. Microcontact printing (μCP) is a versatile technique for engineering such complexities onto cell culture substrates because it permits microscale control of the relative positioning of molecules and cells over large surface areas. However, challenges associated with precisely aligning and superimposing multiple μCP steps severely limits the extent of substrate modification that can be achieved using this method. Thus, we investigated the feasibility of using a vision guided selectively compliant articulated robotic arm (SCARA) for μCP applications. SCARAs are routinely used to perform high precision, repetitive tasks in manufacturing, and even low-end models are capable of achieving microscale precision. Here, we present customization of a SCARA to execute robotic-μCP (R-μCP) onto gold-coated microscope coverslips. The system not only possesses the ability to align multiple polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps but also has the capability to do so even after the substrates have been removed, reacted to graft polymer brushes, and replaced back into the system. Plus, non-biased computerized analysis shows that the system performs such sequential patterning with <10 μm precision and accuracy, which is equivalent to the repeatability specifications of the employed SCARA model. R-μCP should facilitate the engineering of complex in vivo-like complexities onto culture substrates and their integration with microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D McNulty
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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410
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Babu A, Templeton AK, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Nanodrug delivery systems: a promising technology for detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:709-21. [PMID: 24550101 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has enabled the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies, such as advances in targeted drug delivery systems, versatile molecular imaging modalities, stimulus responsive components for fabrication, and potential theranostic agents in cancer therapy. Nanoparticle modifications such as conjugation with polyethylene glycol have been used to increase the duration of nanoparticles in blood circulation and reduce renal clearance rates. Such modifications to nanoparticle fabrication are the initial steps toward clinical translation of nanoparticles. Additionally, the development of targeted drug delivery systems has substantially contributed to the therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancer drugs and cancer gene therapies compared with nontargeted conventional delivery systems. Although multifunctional nanoparticles offer numerous advantages, their complex nature imparts challenges in reproducibility and concerns of toxicity. A thorough understanding of the biological behavior of nanoparticle systems is strongly warranted prior to testing such systems in a clinical setting. Translation of novel nanodrug delivery systems from the bench to the bedside will require a collective approach. The present review focuses on recent research efforts citing relevant examples of advanced nanodrug delivery and imaging systems developed for cancer therapy. Additionally, this review highlights the newest technologies such as microfluidics and biomimetics that can aid in the development and speedy translation of nanodrug delivery systems to the clinic.
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411
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Lim JM, Karnik R. Optimizing the discovery and clinical translation of nanoparticles: could microfluidics hold the key? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:1113-6. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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412
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Liu D, Zhang H, Herranz-Blanco B, Mäkilä E, Lehto VP, Salonen J, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. Microfluidic assembly of monodisperse multistage pH-responsive polymer/porous silicon composites for precisely controlled multi-drug delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2029-38. [PMID: 24616278 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report an advanced drug delivery platform for combination chemotherapy by concurrently incorporating two different drugs into microcompoistes with ratiometric control over the loading degree. Atorvastatin and celecoxib were selected as model drugs due to their different physicochemical properties and synergetic effect on colorectal cancer prevention and inhibition. To be effective in colorectal cancer prevention and inhibition, the produced microcomposite contained hypromellose acetate succinate, which is insoluble in acidic conditions but highly dissolving at neutral or alkaline pH conditions. Taking advantage of the large pore volume of porous silicon (PSi), atorvastatin was firstly loaded into the PSi matrix, and then encapsulated into the pH-responsive polymer microparticles containing celecoxib by microfluidics in order to obtain multi-drug loaded polymer/PSi microcomposites. The prepared microcomposites showed monodisperse size distribution, multistage pH-response, precise ratiometric controlled loading degree towards the simultaneously loaded drug molecules, and tailored release kinetics of the loaded cargos. This attractive microcomposite platform protects the payloads from being released at low pH-values, and enhances their release at higher pH-values, which can be further used for colon cancer prevention and treatment. Overall, the pH-responsive polymer/PSi-based microcomposite can be used as a universal platform for the delivery of different drug molecules for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfei Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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413
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Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Karimkhani V, Majedi FS, Van Dersarl JJ, Dashtimoghadam E, Afshar-Taromi F, Mirzadeh H, Bertsch A, Jacob KI, Renaud P, Stadler FJ, Kim I. Microfluidic-assisted self-assembly of complex dendritic polyethylene drug delivery nanocapsules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3118-3123. [PMID: 24610685 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic platform for the synthesis of complex nanocapsules is presented via a controlled self-assembly. The monodisperse nanocapsules in the range of 50-200 nm consist of a dendritic polyethylene core and a Pluronic copolymer shell. The resultant nanocarriers encapsulate large amount of hydrophobic anticancer drug like paclitaxel while providing a low complement activation as well as sustained release profile with high tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi
- Laboratoire de Microsystemes (LMIS4), Institute of Microengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Materials Science and Engineering and G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0295, USA; Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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414
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Bhise NS, Ribas J, Manoharan V, Zhang YS, Polini A, Massa S, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Organ-on-a-chip platforms for studying drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2014; 190:82-93. [PMID: 24818770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel microfluidic tools allow new ways to manufacture and test drug delivery systems. Organ-on-a-chip systems - microscale recapitulations of complex organ functions - promise to improve the drug development pipeline. This review highlights the importance of integrating microfluidic networks with 3D tissue engineered models to create organ-on-a-chip platforms, able to meet the demand of creating robust preclinical screening models. Specific examples are cited to demonstrate the use of these systems for studying the performance of drug delivery vectors and thereby reduce the discrepancies between their performance at preclinical and clinical trials. We also highlight the future directions that need to be pursued by the research community for these proof-of-concept studies to achieve the goal of accelerating clinical translation of drug delivery nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupura S Bhise
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - João Ribas
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; Biocant - Biotechnology Innovation Center, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Vijayan Manoharan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Alessandro Polini
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Solange Massa
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, USA; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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415
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Hoffmann W, Kuecuekbalaban P, Schumann M, Kraft K, Gebauer A, Muehlan H, Schmidt S. Opportunities and risks of diagnostic lab-on-a-chip systems in healthcare from a health system stakeholder’s perspective. Per Med 2014; 11:273-283. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of personalized medicine is to respond to the needs of individuals with appropriate treatment. Lab-on-a-chip systems (LOCs) can help to individualize therapeutic algorithms at the point of care. Herein, we discuss the perspectives, demands and concerns associated with LOCs. Methods: Interviews with 30 experts in the field of personalized medicine were conducted, addressing the requirements, potentials and risks of LOCs. The interviews were transcribed and evaluated by means of qualitative content analysis. Results: The majority of experts emphasize a considerable potential for the lab-on-a-chip industry with the largest potential in the context of point-of-care diagnostics. The direct-to-costumer use is regarded as risky, in particular with respect to the reliability of the results. Conclusion: In addition to a major potential of the implementation of LOCs, their impact on delivery of healthcare have to be considered, and early communication between physicians and LOC developers and manufacturers have to be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department Epidemiology of Healthcare & Community Health, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Ellernholzstr 1-2, D 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pinar Kuecuekbalaban
- Department of Health & Prevention, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maika Schumann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department Epidemiology of Healthcare & Community Health, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Ellernholzstr 1-2, D 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kathleen Kraft
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department Epidemiology of Healthcare & Community Health, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Ellernholzstr 1-2, D 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Gebauer
- Institute for Community Medicine, Department Epidemiology of Healthcare & Community Health, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Ellernholzstr 1-2, D 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger Muehlan
- Department of Health & Prevention, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Department of Health & Prevention, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Germany
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416
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Felice B, Prabhakaran MP, Rodríguez AP, Ramakrishna S. Drug delivery vehicles on a nano-engineering perspective. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 41:178-95. [PMID: 24907751 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoengineered drug delivery systems (nDDS) have been successfully used as clinical tools for not only modulation of pharmacological drug release profile but also specific targeting of diseased tissues. Until now, encapsulation of anti-cancer molecules such as paclitaxel, vincristin and doxorubicin has been the main target of nDDS, whereby liposomes and polymer-drug conjugates remained as the most popular group of nDDS used for this purpose. The success reached by these nanocarriers can be imitated by careful selection and optimization of the different factors that affect drug release profile (i.e. type of biomaterial, size, system architecture, and biodegradability mechanisms) along with the selection of an appropriate manufacture technique that does not compromise the desired release profile, while it also offers possibilities to scale up for future industrialization. This review focuses from an engineering perspective on the different parameters that should be considered before and during the design of new nDDS, and the different manufacturing techniques available, in such a way to ensure success in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betiana Felice
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Kirchner 1800, Tucumán, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; START - Thrust 3, Create Research Wing, #03-08, 1 Create Way, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602
| | - Molamma P Prabhakaran
- START - Thrust 3, Create Research Wing, #03-08, 1 Create Way, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602.
| | - Andrea P Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Kirchner 1800, Tucumán, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- START - Thrust 3, Create Research Wing, #03-08, 1 Create Way, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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417
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Boddu SHS, Bonam SP, Jung R. Development and characterization of a ricinoleic acid poloxamer gel system for transdermal eyelid delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:605-12. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.886696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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418
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New materials for microfluidics in biology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 25:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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419
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Lim JM, Bertrand N, Valencia PM, Rhee M, Langer R, Jon S, Farokhzad OC, Karnik R. Parallel microfluidic synthesis of size-tunable polymeric nanoparticles using 3D flow focusing towards in vivo study. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:401-9. [PMID: 23969105 PMCID: PMC3951970 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance the controllability and reproducibility in physicochemical properties of NPs compared to bulk synthesis methods. However, applications of microfluidic synthesis are typically limited to in vitro studies due to low production rates. Herein, we report the parallelization of NP synthesis by 3D hydrodynamic flow focusing (HFF) using a multilayer microfluidic system to enhance the production rate without losing the advantages of reproducibility, controllability, and robustness. Using parallel 3D HFF, polymeric poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-b-polyethyleneglycol (PLGA-PEG) NPs with sizes tunable in the range of 13-150 nm could be synthesized reproducibly with high production rate. As a proof of concept, we used this system to perform in vivo pharmacokinetic and biodistribution study of small (20 nm diameter) PLGA-PEG NPs that are otherwise difficult to synthesize. Microfluidic parallelization thus enables synthesis of NPs with tunable properties with production rates suitable for both in vitro and in vivo studies. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Applications of nanoparticle synthesis with microfluidic methods are typically limited to in vitro studies due to low production rates. The team of authors of this proof-of-principle study reports on the successful parallelization of NP synthesis by 3D hydrodynamic flow focusing using a multilayer microfluidic system to enhance production rate without losing the advantages of reproducibility, controllability, and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pedro M Valencia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Minsoung Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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420
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Lu M, Ho YP, Grigsby CL, Nawaz AA, Leong KW, Huang TJ. Three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing method for polyplex synthesis. ACS NANO 2014; 8:332-9. [PMID: 24341632 PMCID: PMC3999362 DOI: 10.1021/nn404193e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Successful intracellular delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics relies on multiaspect optimization, one of which is formulation. While there has been ample innovation on chemical design of polymeric gene carriers, the same cannot be said for physical processing of polymer-DNA nanocomplexes (polyplexes). Conventional synthesis of polyplexes by bulk mixing depends on the operators' experience. The poorly controlled bulk mixing process may also lead to batch-to-batch variation and consequent irreproducibility. Here, we synthesize polyplexes by using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing (3D-HF) technique in a single-layered, planar microfluidic device. Without any additional chemical treatment or postprocessing, the polyplexes prepared by the 3D-HF method show smaller size, slower aggregation rate, and higher transfection efficiency, while exhibiting reduced cytotoxicity compared to the ones synthesized by conventional bulk mixing. In addition, by introducing external acoustic perturbation, mixing can be further enhanced, leading to even smaller nanocomplexes. The 3D-HF method provides a simple and reproducible process for synthesizing high-quality polyplexes, addressing a critical barrier in the eventual translation of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Lu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Christopher L. Grigsby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Ahmad Ahsan Nawaz
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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421
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Problems and solutions to filling the drying drug pipeline for psychiatric disorders: a report from the inaugural 2012 CINP Think Tank. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:137-48. [PMID: 24063634 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inaugural Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum (CINP) Think Tank, a small open meeting sponsored by the CINP, discussed impediments to developing new drugs for psychiatric disorders and approaches to overcome these impediments. Whilst neuropsycharmacology has a rich pharmacopeia (current treatments benefiting many individuals), issues of treatment resistance, sub-optimal response and unwanted side effects remain problematic. Many scientific, economic and social issues are impeding the development of drugs (e.g. higher risk of failure, placebo effects, problematic regulatory environments, pressures imposed by patent protection, downward pressure on reimbursements and financial, legal and social risk aversion). A consensus of the meeting was that efforts to understanding the core pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders are fundamental to increasing the chance of developing new drugs. However, findings from disorders such as Huntington's chorea, have shown that knowing the cause of a disorder may not reveal new drug targets. By contrast, clinically useful biomarkers that define target populations for new drugs and models that allow findings to be accurately translated from animals to humans will increase the likelihood of developing new drugs. In addition, a greater accent on experimental medicine, creative clinical investigations and improved communication between preclinical neuropsychopharmacologists, clinicians committed to neuropsychopharmacological research, industry and the regulators would also be a driver to the development of new treatments. Finally, it was agreed that the CINP must continue its role as a conduit facilitating vibrant interactions between industry and academia as such communications are a central component in identifying new drug targets, developing new drugs and transitioning new drugs into the clinic.
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422
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Pratt A, Lari L, Hovorka O, Shah A, Woffinden C, Tear SP, Binns C, Kröger R. Enhanced oxidation of nanoparticles through strain-mediated ionic transport. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:26-30. [PMID: 24185757 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Geometry and confinement effects at the nanoscale can result in substantial modifications to a material's properties with significant consequences in terms of chemical reactivity, biocompatibility and toxicity. Although benefiting applications across a diverse array of environmental and technological settings, the long-term effects of these changes, for example in the reaction of metallic nanoparticles under atmospheric conditions, are not well understood. Here, we use the unprecedented resolution attainable with aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy to study the oxidation of cuboid Fe nanoparticles. Performing strain analysis at the atomic level, we reveal that strain gradients induced in the confined oxide shell by the nanoparticle geometry enhance the transport of diffusing species, ultimately driving oxide domain formation and the shape evolution of the particle. We conjecture that such a strain-gradient-enhanced mass transport mechanism may prove essential for understanding the reaction of nanoparticles with gases in general, and for providing deeper insight into ionic conductivity in strained nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pratt
- 1] Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK [2] International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Leonardo Lari
- 1] Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK [2] York JEOL Nanocentre, University of York, York YO10 5BR, UK
| | - Ondrej Hovorka
- 1] Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK [2] Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Amish Shah
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Illinois 61801, USA
| | | | - Steve P Tear
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Chris Binns
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LH1 7RH, UK
| | - Roland Kröger
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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423
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Hu S, Zeng S, Zhang B, Yang C, Song P, Hang Danny TJ, Lin G, Wang Y, Anderson T, Coquet P, Liu L, Zhang X, Yong KT. Preparation of biofunctionalized quantum dots using microfluidic chips for bioimaging. Analyst 2014; 139:4681-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00773e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biofunctionalized quantum dots were prepared using microfluidic chips and were used as optical probes for imaging live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Hu
- School of Science
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022, China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES
- UMI 3288
| | - Butian Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chengbin Yang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Peiyi Song
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Tng Jian Hang Danny
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Guimiao Lin
- The Engineering Lab of Synthetic Biology and the Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Medicine
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Tommy Anderson
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | | | - Liwei Liu
- School of Science
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022, China
- International Joint Research Center for Nanophotonics and Biophotonics
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
| | - Xihe Zhang
- School of Science
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022, China
- International Joint Research Center for Nanophotonics and Biophotonics
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798, Singapore
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424
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Nanotechnology meets 3D in vitro models: Tissue engineered tumors and cancer therapies. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 34:270-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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425
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Abstract
Liposomes are a class of well-established drug carriers that have found numerous therapeutic applications. The success of liposomes, together with recent advancements in nanotechnology, has motivated the development of various novel liposome-like nanostructures with improved drug delivery performance. These nanostructures can be categorized into five major varieties, namely: (1) polymer-stabilized liposomes, (2) nanoparticle-stabilized liposomes, (3) core-shell lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, (4) natural membrane-derived vesicles, and (5) natural membrane coated nanoparticles. They have received significant attention and have become popular drug delivery platforms. Herein, we discuss the unique strengths of these liposome-like platforms in drug delivery, with a particular emphasis on how liposome-inspired novel designs have led to improved therapeutic efficacy, and review recent progress made by each platform in advancing healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Che-Ming J. Hu
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H. Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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426
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Valencia PM, Pridgen EM, Rhee M, Langer R, Farokhzad OC, Karnik R. Microfluidic platform for combinatorial synthesis and optimization of targeted nanoparticles for cancer therapy. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10671-80. [PMID: 24215426 PMCID: PMC3963607 DOI: 10.1021/nn403370e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Taking a nanoparticle (NP) from discovery to clinical translation has been slow compared to small molecules, in part by the lack of systems that enable their precise engineering and rapid optimization. In this work we have developed a microfluidic platform for the rapid, combinatorial synthesis and optimization of NPs. The system takes in a number of NP precursors from which a library of NPs with varying size, surface charge, target ligand density, and drug load is produced in a reproducible manner. We rapidly synthesized 45 different formulations of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) NPs of different size and surface composition and screened and ranked the NPs for their ability to evade macrophage uptake in vitro. Comparison of the results to pharmacokinetic studies in vivo in mice revealed a correlation between in vitro screen and in vivo behavior. Next, we selected NP synthesis parameters that resulted in longer blood half-life and used the microfluidic platform to synthesize targeted NPs with varying targeting ligand density (using a model targeting ligand against cancer cells). We screened NPs in vitro against prostate cancer cells as well as macrophages, identifying one formulation that exhibited high uptake by cancer cells yet similar macrophage uptake compared to nontargeted NPs. In vivo, the selected targeted NPs showed a 3.5-fold increase in tumor accumulation in mice compared to nontargeted NPs. The developed microfluidic platform in this work represents a tool that could potentially accelerate the discovery and clinical translation of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Valencia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Eric M. Pridgen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Minsoung Rhee
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- MIT-Harvard Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Omid C. Farokhzad Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115. ; Rohit Karnik Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. ; Robert Langer Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Omid C. Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- MIT-Harvard Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Omid C. Farokhzad Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115. ; Rohit Karnik Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. ; Robert Langer Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Omid C. Farokhzad Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115. ; Rohit Karnik Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139. ; Robert Langer Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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427
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Muluneh M, Issadore D. Hybrid soft-lithography/laser machined microchips for the parallel generation of droplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4750-4. [PMID: 24166156 PMCID: PMC4420024 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50979f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips have been developed to generate droplets and microparticles with control over size, shape, and composition not possible using conventional methods. However, it has remained a challenge to scale-up production for practical applications due to the inherently limited throughput of micro-scale devices. To address this problem, we have developed a self-contained microchip that integrates many (N = 512) micro-scale droplet makers. This 3 × 3 cm(2) PDMS microchip consists of a two-dimensional array of 32 × 16 flow-focusing droplet makers, a network of flow channels that connect them, and only two inputs and one output. The key innovation of this technology is the hybrid use of both soft-lithography and direct laser-micromachining. The microscale resolution of soft lithography is used to fabricate flow-focusing droplet makers that can produce small and precisely defined droplets. Deeply engraved (h ≈ 500 μm) laser-machined channels are utilized to supply each of the droplet makers with its oil phase, aqueous phase, and access to an output channel. The engraved channels' low hydrodynamic resistance ensures that each droplet maker is driven with the same flow rates for highly uniform droplet formation. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, water droplets (d ≈ 80 μm) were generated in hexadecane on both 8 × 1 and 32 × 16 geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Muluneh
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D. Issadore
- Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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428
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Liu D, Herranz-Blanco B, Mäkilä E, Arriaga LR, Mirza S, Weitz DA, Sandler N, Salonen J, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. Microfluidic templated mesoporous silicon-solid lipid microcomposites for sustained drug delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12127-12134. [PMID: 24175755 DOI: 10.1021/am403999q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge for a drug-delivery system is to engineer stable drug carriers with excellent biocompatibility, monodisperse size, and controllable release profiles. In this study, we used a microfluidic technique to encapsulate thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon (THCPSi) microparticles within solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) to overcome the drawbacks accompanied by THCPSi microparticles. Formulation and process factors, such as lipid matrixes, organic solvents, emulsifiers, and methods to evaporate the organic solvents, were all evaluated and optimized to prepare monodisperse stable SLMs. FTIR analysis together with confocal images showed the clear deposition of THCPSi microparticles inside the monodisperse SLM matrix. The formation of monodisperse THCPSi-solid lipid microcomposites (THCPSi-SLMCs) not only altered the surface hydrophobicity and morphology of THCPSi microparticles but also remarkably enhanced their cytocompatibility with intestinal (Caco-2 and HT-29) cancer cells. Regardless of the solubility of the loaded therapeutics (aqueous insoluble, fenofibrate and furosemide; aqueous soluble, methotrexate and ranitidine) and the pH values of the release media (1.2, 5.0, and 7.4), the time for the release of 50% of the payloads from THCPSi-SLMC was at least 1.3 times longer than that from the THCPSi microparticles. The sustained release of both water-soluble and -insoluble drugs together with a reduced burst-release effect from monodisperse THCPSi-SLMC was achieved, indicating the successful encapsulation of THCPSi microparticles into the SLM matrix. The fabricated THCPSi-SLMCs exhibited monodisperse spherical morphology, enhanced cytocompatibility, and prolonged both water-soluble and -insoluble drug release, which makes it an attractive controllable drug-delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfei Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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429
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Krishna KS, Li Y, Li S, Kumar CS. Lab-on-a-chip synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials and quantum dots for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1470-95. [PMID: 23726944 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have seen a dramatic raise in the number of investigations leading to the development of Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices for synthesis of nanomaterials. A majority of these investigations were focused on inorganic nanomaterials comprising of metals, metal oxides, nanocomposites and quantum dots. Herein, we provide an analysis of these findings, especially, considering the more recent developments in this new decade. We made an attempt to bring out the differences between chip-based as well as tubular continuous flow systems. We also cover, for the first time, various opportunities the tools from the field of computational fluid dynamics provide in designing LOC systems for synthesis inorganic nanomaterials. Particularly, we provide unique examples to demonstrate that there is a need for concerted effort to utilize LOC devices not only for synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials but also for carrying out superior in vitro studies thereby, paving the way for faster clinical translation. Even though LOC devices with the possibility to carry out multi-step syntheses have been designed, surprisingly, such systems have not been utilized for carrying out simultaneous synthesis and bio-functionalization of nanomaterials. While traditionally, LOC devices are primarily based on microfluidic systems, in this review article, we make a case for utilizing millifluidic systems for more efficient synthesis, bio-functionalization and in vitro studies of inorganic nanomaterials tailor-made for biomedical applications. Finally, recent advances in the field clearly point out the possibility for pushing the boundaries of current medical practices towards personalized health care with a vision to develop automated LOC-based instrumentation for carrying out simultaneous synthesis, bio-functionalization and in vitro evaluation of inorganic nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
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430
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Raemdonck K, Braeckmans K, Demeester J, De Smedt SC. Merging the best of both worlds: hybrid lipid-enveloped matrix nanocomposites in drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:444-72. [PMID: 24100581 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60299k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery in terms of improving drug efficacy and safety. Both polymer-based and lipid-based drug-loaded nanocarriers have demonstrated clinical benefit to date. However, to address the multifaceted drug delivery challenges ahead and further expand the spectrum of therapeutic applications, hybrid lipid-polymer nanocomposites have been designed to merge the beneficial features of both polymeric drug delivery systems and liposomes in a single nanocarrier. This review focuses on different classes of nanohybrids characterized by a drug-loaded polymeric matrix core enclosed in a lipid shell. Various nanoengineering approaches to obtain lipid-polymer nanocomposites with a core-shell nanoarchitecture will be discussed as well as their predominant applications in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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431
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Zhao Y, Jiang X. Multiple strategies to activate gold nanoparticles as antibiotics. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:8340-50. [PMID: 23893008 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01990j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Widespread antibiotic resistance calls for new strategies. Nanotechnology provides a chance to overcome antibiotic resistance by multiple antibiotic mechanisms. This paper reviews the progress in activating gold nanoparticles with nonantibiotic or antibiotic molecules to combat bacterial resistance, analyzes the gap between experimental achievements and real clinical application, and suggests some potential directions in developing antibacterial nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Zhao
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao, ZhongGuanCun, 100190, Beijing, China
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432
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Kumar S, Kumar S, Ali MA, Anand P, Agrawal VV, John R, Maji S, Malhotra BD. Microfluidic-integrated biosensors: Prospects for point-of-care diagnostics. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:1267-79. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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433
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Sheng W, Chen T, Tan W, Fan ZH. Multivalent DNA nanospheres for enhanced capture of cancer cells in microfluidic devices. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7067-76. [PMID: 23837646 PMCID: PMC3785240 DOI: 10.1021/nn4023747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood or cancer cells from bone marrow has significant applications in cancer diagnosis, therapy monitoring, and drug development. CTCs are cancer cells shed from primary tumors; they circulate in the bloodstream, leading to metastasis. The extraordinary rarity of CTCs in the bloodstream makes their isolation a significant technological challenge. Herein, we report the development of a platform combining multivalent DNA aptamer nanospheres with microfluidic devices for efficient isolation of cancer cells from blood. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as an efficient platform for assembling a number of aptamers for high-efficiency cell capture. Up to 95 aptamers were attached onto each AuNP, resulting in enhanced molecular recognition capability. An increase of 39-fold in binding affinity was confirmed by flow cytometry for AuNP-aptamer conjugates (AuNP-aptamer) when compared with aptamer alone. With a laminar flow flat channel microfluidic device, the capture efficiency of human acute leukemia cells from a cell mixture in buffer increased from 49% using aptamer alone to 92% using AuNP-aptamer. We also employed AuNP-aptamer in a microfluidic device with herringbone mixing microstructures for isolation of leukemia cells in whole blood. The cell capture efficiency was also significantly increased with the AuNP-aptamer over aptamer alone, especially at high flow rates. Our results show that the platform combining DNA nanostructures with microfluidics has a great potential for sensitive isolation of CTCs and is promising for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weian Sheng
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Z. Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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434
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Brites CDS, Lima PP, Silva NJO, Millán A, Amaral VS, Palacio F, Carlos LD. Ratiometric highly sensitive luminescent nanothermometers working in the room temperature range. Applications to heat propagation in nanofluids. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7572-7580. [PMID: 23835484 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02335d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for accurate, non-invasive and self-reference temperature measurements as technology progresses into the nanoscale. This is particularly so in micro- and nanofluidics where the comprehension of heat transfer and thermal conductivity mechanisms can play a crucial role in areas as diverse as energy transfer and cell physiology. Here we present two luminescent ratiometric nanothermometers based on a magnetic core coated with an organosilica shell co-doped with Eu(3+) and Tb(3+) chelates. The design of the hybrid host and chelate ligands permits the working of the nanothermometers in a nanofluid at 293-320 K with an emission quantum yield of 0.38 ± 0.04, a maximum relative sensitivity of 1.5% K(-1) at 293 K and a spatio-temporal resolution (constrained by the experimental setup) of 64 × 10(-6) m/150 × 10(-3) s (to move out of 0.4 K--the temperature uncertainty). The heat propagation velocity in the nanofluid, (2.2 ± 0.1) × 10(-3) m s(-1), was determined at 294 K using the nanothermometers' Eu(3+)/Tb(3+) steady-state spectra. There is no precedent of such an experimental measurement in a thermographic nanofluid, where the propagation velocity is measured from the same nanoparticles used to measure the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D S Brites
- Departamento de Física and CICECO, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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435
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Dashtimoghadam E, Mirzadeh H, Taromi FA, Nyström B. Microfluidic self-assembly of polymeric nanoparticles with tunable compactness for controlled drug delivery. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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436
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Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDSs) face several challenges including site-specific delivery, stability, and the programmed release of drugs. Engineered nanoparticle (NP) surfaces with responsive moieties can enhance the efficacy of DDSs for in vitro and in vivo systems. This triggering process can be achieved through both endogenous (biologically controlled release) and exogenous (external stimuli controlled release) activation. In this review, we will highlight recent examples of the use of triggered release strategies of engineered nanomaterials for in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, 710 North Pleasant St., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA, Tel.: +1 413 545 058; fax: +1 413 545 4490.
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437
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Tresset G, Marculescu C, Salonen A, Ni M, Iliescu C. Fine control over the size of surfactant-polyelectrolyte nanoparticles by hydrodynamic flow focusing. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5850-6. [PMID: 23713852 DOI: 10.1021/ac4006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of surfactant-polyelectrolyte nanoparticles was carried out in a microfluidic device with a fine control over the size and the polydispersity. An anionic polysaccharide (sodium carboxymethylcellulose, CMC) solution was focused using a cationic surfactant (dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide, DTAB) solution in a microfluidic channel at selected ratios of flow rates and reagent concentrations. The methodology ensured a controlled mixing kinetics and a uniform distribution of charges at the mixing interface. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited remarkably well-defined and repeatable size distributions, with hydrodynamic diameters tunable from 50 up to 300 nm and polydispersity index around 0.1 in most cases. Microfluidic-assisted self-assembly may be an efficient way to produce well-controlled polyelectrolyte-based nanoparticles suitable for colloidal science as well as for gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tresset
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
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438
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Mendes AC, Baran ET, Reis RL, Azevedo HS. Fabrication of phospholipid-xanthan microcapsules by combining microfluidics with self-assembly. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6675-85. [PMID: 23395748 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of an amphiphilic polysaccharide, a phospholipid (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-phosphoetilamine, DOPE) conjugated with the anionic xanthan gum, and its ability to spontaneously self-assemble under mild aqueous conditions. This work also aimed to apply a microfluidic platform that can precisely fabricate microsized and monodispersed capsules for cell encapsulation. Stable hollow capsular structures were obtained by the generation of homogeneous spherical droplets of the self-assembled polymer in the microfluidic device through the formation of a water-in-oil emulsion, followed by the stabilization of the polymer aggregates in a separate collection vessel containing phosphate-buffered saline (physiological ionic strength and pH). The properties (size, morphology, permeability) and performance (stability) of the obtained microcapsules were studied, as well their ability to support the viability, function and proliferation of encapsulated cells. ATDC5 cells were encapsulated within the capsules and shown to remain viable, evidencing increased cellular metabolic activity over 21 days of in vitro culture. By combining microfluidic droplet generation and self-assembly of xanthan-DOPE, we were able to fabricate microcapsules that provided an adequate environment for cells to survive and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Mendes
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
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439
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Abstract
This review surveys selected methods of manufacture and applications of microdevices-miniaturized functional devices capable of handling cell and tissue cultures or producing particles-and discusses their potential relevance to nanomedicine. Many characteristics of microdevices such as miniaturization, increased throughput, and the ability to mimic organ-specific microenvironments are promising for the rapid, low-cost evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of nanomaterials. Their potential to accurately reproduce the physiological environments that occur in vivo could reduce dependence on animal models in pharmacological testing. Technologies in microfabrications and microfluidics are widely applicable for nanomaterial synthesis and for the development of diagnostic devices. Although the use of microdevices in nanomedicine is still in its infancy, these technologies show promise for enhancing fundamental and applied research in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinao Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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440
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Abstract
Studying complex biological systems in a holistic rather than a "one gene or one protein" at a time approach requires the concerted effort of scientists from a wide variety of disciplines. The Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) has seamlessly integrated these disparate fields to create a cross-disciplinary platform and culture in which "biology drives technology drives computation." To achieve this platform/culture, it has been necessary for cross-disciplinary ISB scientists to learn one another's languages and work together effectively in teams. The focus of this "systems" approach on disease has led to a discipline denoted systems medicine. The advent of technological breakthroughs in the fields of genomics, proteomics, and, indeed, the other "omics" is catalyzing striking advances in systems medicine that have and are transforming diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Systems medicine has united genomics and genetics through family genomics to more readily identify disease genes. It has made blood a window into health and disease. It is leading to the stratification of diseases (division into discrete subtypes) for proper impedance match against drugs and the stratification of patients into subgroups that respond to environmental challenges in a similar manner (e.g. response to drugs, response to toxins, etc.). The convergence of patient-activated social networks, big data and their analytics, and systems medicine has led to a P4 medicine that is predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory. Medicine will focus on each individual. It will become proactive in nature. It will increasingly focus on wellness rather than disease. For example, in 10 years each patient will be surrounded by a virtual cloud of billions of data points, and we will have the tools to reduce this enormous data dimensionality into simple hypotheses about how to optimize wellness and avoid disease for each individual. P4 medicine will be able to detect and treat perturbations in healthy individuals long before disease symptoms appear, thus optimizing the wellness of individuals and avoiding disease. P4 medicine will 1) improve health care, 2) reduce the cost of health care, and 3) stimulate innovation and new company creation. Health care is not the only subject that can benefit from such integrative, cross-disciplinary, and systems-driven platforms and cultures. Many other challenges plaguing our planet, such as energy, environment, nutrition, and agriculture can be transformed by using such an integrated and systems-driven approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy Hood
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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441
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Sai Krishna K, Navin CV, Biswas S, Singh V, Ham K, Bovenkamp GL, Theegala CS, Miller JT, Spivey JJ, Kumar CSSR. Millifluidics for Time-resolved Mapping of the Growth of Gold Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5450-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja400434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katla Sai Krishna
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
- Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst
Design, #324, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
70803, United States
| | - Chelliah V. Navin
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
- Department of Biological and
Agricultural Engineering, and LSU AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United
States
| | - Sanchita Biswas
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
| | - Varshni Singh
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
| | - Kyungmin Ham
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
| | - G. Lisa Bovenkamp
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
| | - Chandra S. Theegala
- Department of Biological and
Agricultural Engineering, and LSU AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United
States
| | - Jeffery T. Miller
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, CSE, Argonne, Illinois
60439-4837, United States
| | - James J. Spivey
- Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst
Design, #324, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
70803, United States
| | - Challa S. S. R. Kumar
- Center for Advanced Microstructures
and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70806, United States
- Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst
Design, #324, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
70803, United States
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442
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Cho EJ, Holback H, Liu KC, Abouelmagd SA, Park J, Yeo Y. Nanoparticle characterization: state of the art, challenges, and emerging technologies. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2093-110. [PMID: 23461379 DOI: 10.1021/mp300697h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have received enormous attention as a promising tool to enhance target-specific drug delivery and diagnosis. Various in vitro and in vivo techniques are used to characterize a new system and predict its clinical efficacy. These techniques enable efficient comparison across nanoparticles and facilitate a product optimization process. On the other hand, we recognize their limitations as a prediction tool, due to inadequate applications and overly simplified test conditions. We provide a critical review of in vitro and in vivo techniques currently used for evaluation of nanoparticles and introduce emerging techniques and models that may be used complementarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Cho
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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443
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He J, Wei Z, Wang L, Tomova Z, Babu T, Wang C, Han X, Fourkas JT, Nie Z. Hydrodynamically Driven Self-Assembly of Giant Vesicles of Metal Nanoparticles for Remote-Controlled Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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444
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He J, Wei Z, Wang L, Tomova Z, Babu T, Wang C, Han X, Fourkas JT, Nie Z. Hydrodynamically Driven Self-Assembly of Giant Vesicles of Metal Nanoparticles for Remote-Controlled Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2463-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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445
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Xu JH, Gao FP, Liu XF, Zeng Q, Guo SS, Tang ZY, Zhao XZ, Wang H. Supramolecular gelatin nanoparticles as matrix metalloproteinase responsive cancer cell imaging probes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4462-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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446
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