401
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Kan X, Yin Y, Song C, Tan L, Qiu X, Liao Y, Liu W, Meng S, Sun Y, Ding C. Newcastle-disease-virus-induced ferroptosis through nutrient deprivation and ferritinophagy in tumor cells. iScience 2021; 24:102837. [PMID: 34368653 PMCID: PMC8326413 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of new cell death processes have been discovered in recent years, including ferroptosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products derived from iron metabolism. The evidence suggests that ferroptosis has a tumor-suppressor function. However, the mechanism by which ferroptosis mediates the response of tumor cells to oncolytic viruses remains poorly understood. The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can selectively replicate in tumor cells. We show that NDV-induced ferroptosis acts through p53-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway. Meanwhile, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides increased in tumor cells. Ferritinophagy was induced by NDV promotion of ferroptosis through the release of ferrous iron and an enhanced Fenton reaction. Collectively, these observations demonstrated that the NDV can kill tumor cells through ferroptosis. Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of NDV-induced ferroptosis and highlights the critical role of viruses in treating therapy-resistant cancers. Oncolytic viruses NDV caused tumor cells death through ferroptosis NDV-induced ferroptosis acts through nutrient deprivation by suppression of System Xc− P53 activation is required for NDV-induced ferroptosis initiation Ferritinophagy induced by NDV promotes ferroptosis through release of ferrous iron
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjin Kan
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Songshu Meng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
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402
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Bao Z, Liu Y, Chen B, Miao Z, Tu Y, Li C, Chao H, Ye Y, Xu X, Sun G, Zhao P, Liu N, Liu Y, Wang X, Lam SM, Kagan VE, Bayır H, Ji J. Prokineticin-2 prevents neuronal cell deaths in a model of traumatic brain injury. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4220. [PMID: 34244497 PMCID: PMC8270965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prokineticin-2 (Prok2) is an important secreted protein likely involved in the pathogenesis of several acute and chronic neurological diseases through currently unidentified regulatory mechanisms. The initial mechanical injury of neurons by traumatic brain injury triggers multiple secondary responses including various cell death programs. One of these is ferroptosis, which is associated with dysregulation of iron and thiols and culminates in fatal lipid peroxidation. Here, we explore the regulatory role of Prok2 in neuronal ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. We show that Prok2 prevents neuronal cell death by suppressing the biosynthesis of lipid peroxidation substrates, arachidonic acid-phospholipids, via accelerated F-box only protein 10 (Fbxo10)-driven ubiquitination, degradation of long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase 4 (Acsl4), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Mice injected with adeno-associated virus-Prok2 before controlled cortical impact injury show reduced neuronal degeneration and improved motor and cognitive functions, which could be inhibited by Fbxo10 knockdown. Our study shows that Prok2 mediates neuronal cell deaths in traumatic brain injury via ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinlong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Binglin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangfan Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangchi Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengzhan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, China
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Heath, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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403
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Duan JY, Lin X, Xu F, Shan SK, Guo B, Li FXZ, Wang Y, Zheng MH, Xu QS, Lei LM, Ou-Yang WL, Wu YY, Tang KX, Yuan LQ. Ferroptosis and Its Potential Role in Metabolic Diseases: A Curse or Revitalization? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701788. [PMID: 34307381 PMCID: PMC8299754 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is classified as an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death (RCD) attributed to the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and redox imbalance. In recent years, accumulating researches have suggested that ferroptosis may play a vital role in the development of diverse metabolic diseases, for example, diabetes and its complications (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis [AS]), metabolic bone disease and adrenal injury. However, the specific physiopathological mechanism and precise therapeutic effect is still not clear. In this review, we summarized recent advances about the development of ferroptosis, focused on its potential character as the therapeutic target in metabolic diseases, and put forward our insights on this topic, largely to offer some help to forecast further directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yue Duan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Lu Ou-Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Xin Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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404
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Wang S, Yi X, Wu Z, Guo S, Dai W, Wang H, Shi Q, Zeng K, Guo W, Li C. CAMKK2 Defines Ferroptosis Sensitivity of Melanoma Cells by Regulating AMPK‒NRF2 Pathway. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:189-200.e8. [PMID: 34242660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer caused by the malignant transformation of epidermal melanocytes. Recent progress in targeted therapy and immunotherapy has significantly improved the treatment outcome, but the survival of patients with advanced melanoma remains suboptimal. Ferroptosis, a cell death modality triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, reportedly participates in cancer pathogenesis and can mediate the effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma. However, the detailed regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis remains far from being understood. In this study, we report that CAMKK2 defines the ferroptosis sensitivity of melanoma cells by regulating the AMPK‒NRF2 pathway. We first found that CAMKK2 was prominently activated in ferroptosis. Then we proved that CAMKK2 negatively regulated ferroptosis through the activation of NRF2 and the suppression of lipid peroxidation. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that AMPK connected CAMKK2 upregulation to NRF2-dependent antioxidative machinery in ferroptosis. In addition, the suppression of CAMKK2 increased the efficacy of ferroptosis inducer and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in the preclinical xenograft tumor model by inhibiting the AMPK‒NRF2 pathway and promoting ferroptosis. Taken together, CAMKK2 plays a protective role in ferroptosis by activating the AMPK‒NRF2 pathway. Targeting CAMKK2 could be a potential approach to increase the efficacy of ferroptosis inducers and immunotherapy for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenjie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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405
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Koppula P, Olszewski K, Zhang Y, Kondiparthi L, Liu X, Lei G, Das M, Fang B, Poyurovsky MV, Gan B. KEAP1 deficiency drives glucose dependency and sensitizes lung cancer cells and tumors to GLUT inhibition. iScience 2021; 24:102649. [PMID: 34151236 PMCID: PMC8193145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells can create metabolic liabilities. KEAP1-mutant lung cancer is refractory to most current therapies. Here we show that KEAP1 deficiency promotes glucose dependency in lung cancer cells, and KEAP1-mutant/deficient lung cancer cells are more vulnerable to glucose deprivation than their WT counterparts. Mechanistically, KEAP1 inactivation in lung cancer cells induces constitutive activation of NRF2 transcription factor and aberrant expression of NRF2 target cystine transporter SLC7A11; under glucose limitation, high cystine uptake in KEAP1-inactivated lung cancer cells stimulates toxic intracellular disulfide buildup, NADPH depletion, and cell death, which can be rescued by genetic ablation of NRF2-SLC7A11 axis or treatments inhibiting disulfide accumulation. Finally, we show that KEAP1-inactivated lung cancer cells or xenograft tumors are sensitive to glucose transporter inhibitor. Together, our results reveal that KEAP1 deficiency induces glucose dependency in lung cancer cells and uncover a therapeutically relevant metabolic liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranavi Koppula
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guang Lei
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Molina Das
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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406
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Yuan ZH, Liu T, Wang H, Xue LX, Wang JJ. Fatty Acids Metabolism: The Bridge Between Ferroptosis and Ionizing Radiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675617. [PMID: 34249928 PMCID: PMC8264768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of tumor cells to ionizing radiation (IR) alters the microenvironment, particularly the fatty acid (FA) profile and activity. Moreover, abnormal FA metabolism, either catabolism or anabolism, is essential for synthesizing biological membranes and delivering molecular signals to induce ferroptotic cell death. The current review focuses on the bistable regulation characteristics of FA metabolism and explains how FA catabolism and anabolism pathway crosstalk harmonize different ionizing radiation-regulated ferroptosis responses, resulting in pivotal cell fate decisions. In summary, targeting key molecules involved in lipid metabolism and ferroptosis may amplify the tumor response to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-hui Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-xiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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407
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Yang J, Zhou Y, Xie S, Wang J, Li Z, Chen L, Mao M, Chen C, Huang A, Chen Y, Zhang X, Khan NUH, Wang L, Zhou J. Metformin induces Ferroptosis by inhibiting UFMylation of SLC7A11 in breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:206. [PMID: 34162423 PMCID: PMC8223374 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxidation and is involved in various pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. Targeting ferroptosis is considered to be a novel anti-cancer strategy. The identification of FDA-approved drugs as ferroptosis inducers is proposed to be a new promising approach for cancer treatment. Despite a growing body of evidence indicating the potential efficacy of the anti-diabetic metformin as an anti-cancer agent, the exact mechanism underlying this efficacy has not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS The UFMylation of SLC7A11 is detected by immunoprecipitation and the expression of UFM1 and SLC7A11 in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The level of ferroptosis is determined by the level of free iron, total/lipid Ros and GSH in the cells and the morphological changes of mitochondria are observed by transmission electron microscope. The mechanism in vivo was verified by in situ implantation tumor model in nude mice. RESULTS Metformin induces ferroptosis in an AMPK-independent manner to suppress tumor growth. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that metformin increases the intracellular Fe2+ and lipid ROS levels. Specifically, metformin reduces the protein stability of SLC7A11, which is a critical ferroptosis regulator, by inhibiting its UFMylation process. Furthermore, metformin combined with sulfasalazine, the system xc- inhibitor, can work in a synergistic manner to induce ferroptosis and inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that the ability of metformin to induce ferroptosis may be a novel mechanism underlying its anti-cancer effect. In addition, we identified SLC7A11 as a new UFMylation substrate and found that targeting the UFM1/SLC7A11 pathway could be a promising cancer treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuduo Xie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lini Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Misha Mao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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408
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Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent cell death form linking metabolism, diseases, immune cell and targeted therapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:1-12. [PMID: 34160772 PMCID: PMC8220428 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the traditional forms of cell death-apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, ferroptosis is a novel form of iron-dependent programmed cell death forms which is different from the above traditional forms of cell death. Brent R Stockwell, a Professor of Columbia University, firstly proposed that this from of cell death was named ferroptosis in 2012. The main characteristics of ferroptosis is increasing iron loading and driving a lot of lipid peroxide generated and ultimately lead to cell death. In this paper, the mechanism of ferroptosis, relationship between ferroptosis and common diseases and immune state of body are reviewed, and the inhibitors and inducers related to ferroptosis that have been found are summarized to provide medicine exploration targeted of ferroptosis and reference for the research in the future.
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409
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Chen D, Chu B, Yang X, Liu Z, Jin Y, Kon N, Rabadan R, Jiang X, Stockwell BR, Gu W. iPLA2β-mediated lipid detoxification controls p53-driven ferroptosis independent of GPX4. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3644. [PMID: 34131139 PMCID: PMC8206155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we identify iPLA2β as a critical regulator for p53-driven ferroptosis upon reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress. The calcium-independent phospholipase iPLA2β is known to cleave acyl tails from the glycerol backbone of lipids and release oxidized fatty acids from phospholipids. We found that iPLA2β-mediated detoxification of peroxidized lipids is sufficient to suppress p53-driven ferroptosis upon ROS-induced stress, even in GPX4-null cells. Moreover, iPLA2β is overexpressed in human cancers; inhibition of endogenous iPLA2β sensitizes tumor cells to p53-driven ferroptosis and promotes p53-dependent tumor suppression in xenograft mouse models. These results demonstrate that iPLA2β acts as a major ferroptosis repressor in a GPX4-independent manner. Notably, unlike GPX4, loss of iPLA2β has no obvious effect on normal development or cell viability in normal tissues but iPLA2β plays an essential role in regulating ferroptosis upon ROS-induced stress. Thus, our study suggests that iPLA2β is a promising therapeutic target for activating ferroptosis-mediated tumor suppression without serious toxicity concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Chen
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center,Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Bo Chu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center,Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center,Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ying Jin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center,Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ning Kon
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center,Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Departments of Systems Biology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center,Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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410
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Lei G, Zhuang L, Gan B. mTORC1 and ferroptosis: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100093. [PMID: 34121197 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death triggered by lipid hydroperoxide accumulation, has an important role in a variety of diseases and pathological conditions, such as cancer. Targeting ferroptosis is emerging as a promising means of therapeutic intervention in cancer treatment. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, reactive oxygen species, and labile iron constitute the major underlying triggers for ferroptosis. Other regulators of ferroptosis have also been discovered recently, among them the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a central controller of cell growth and metabolism. Inhibitors of mTORC1 have been used in treating diverse diseases, including cancer. In this review, we discuss recent findings linking mTORC1 to ferroptosis, dissect mechanisms underlying the establishment of mTORC1 as a key ferroptosis modulator, and highlight the potential of co-targeting mTORC1 and ferroptosis in cancer treatment. This review will provide valuable insights for future investigations of ferroptosis and mTORC1 in fundamental biology and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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411
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Han A, Purwin TJ, Aplin AE. Roles of the BAP1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Metabolism. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2807-2814. [PMID: 33446574 PMCID: PMC8178170 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is emerging as an intensively studied cancer-associated gene. Germline mutations in BAP1 lead to a cancer syndrome, and somatic loss is found in several cancer types. BAP1 encodes a deubiquitinase enzyme, which plays key roles in cell-cycle regulation, cell death, and differentiation. Recent studies have demonstrated that BAP1 is also involved in several aspects of cellular metabolism, including metabolic homeostasis, glucose utilization, control of ferroptosis, and stress response. A better knowledge of the metabolic roles of cancer-associated genes is important to understanding tumor initiation and progression, as well as highlighting potential therapeutic avenues. With this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding BAP1-mediated regulation of metabolic activities that may support new strategies to treat BAP1-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy J Purwin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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412
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Ni S, Yuan Y, Qian Z, Zhong Z, Lv T, Kuang Y, Yu B. Hypoxia inhibits RANKL-induced ferritinophagy and protects osteoclasts from ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:271-282. [PMID: 33895289 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death. Several studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis was involved in multiple diseases. However, the precise role of ferroptosis in osteoporosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that ferroptosis was involved in osteoclasts over the course of RANKL-induced differentiation, and it was induced by iron-starvation response and ferrintinophagy. Mechanistically, under normoxia but not hypoxia, ferroptosis could be induced due to iron-starvation response (increased transferrin receptor 1, decreased ferritin) followed by RANKL stimulation, and this was attributed to the down-regulation of aconitase activity. We further investigated intracellular iron homeostasis and found that ferritinophagy, a process initiated by FTH-NCOA4 complex autophagosome degradation, was activated followed by RANKL stimulation under normoxia. Interestingly, these processes could not be observed under hypoxia. Moreover, we demonstrated that HIF-1α contributed to the decrease of ferritinophagy and autophagy flux under hypoxia. Additionally, HIF-1α impair autophagy flux via inhibition of autophagosome formation under hypoxia in BMDMs. In vivo study, we indicated that HIF-1α specific inhibitor 2ME2 prevent OVX bone loss. In conclusion, our study comprehensively investigated the role of ferroptosis in osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo, and innovatively suggested that targeting HIF-1α and ferritin thus inducing ferroptosis in osteoclasts could be an alternative in treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201301, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhi Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201301, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201301, China
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201301, China
| | - Yanbin Kuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201301, China.
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413
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Santagostino SF, Assenmacher CA, Tarrant JC, Adedeji AO, Radaelli E. Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death: Current Perspectives. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:596-623. [PMID: 34039100 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Balancing cell survival and cell death is fundamental to development and homeostasis. Cell death is regulated by multiple interconnected signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Regulated cell death (RCD) is implicated in fundamental processes such as organogenesis and tissue remodeling, removal of unnecessary structures or cells, and regulation of cell numbers. RCD can also be triggered by exogenous perturbations of the intracellular or extracellular microenvironment when the adaptive processes that respond to stress fail. During the past few years, many novel forms of non-apoptotic RCD have been identified, and the characterization of RCD mechanisms at a molecular level has deepened our understanding of diseases encountered in human and veterinary medicine. Given the complexity of these processes, it has become clear that the identification of RCD cannot be based simply on morphologic characteristics and that descriptive and diagnostic terms presently used by pathologists-such as individual cell apoptosis or necrosis-appear inadequate and possibly misleading. In this review, the current understanding of the molecular machinery of each type of non-apoptotic RCD mechanisms is outlined. Due to the continuous discovery of new mechanisms or nuances of previously described processes, the limitations of the terms apoptosis and necrosis to indicate microscopic findings are also reported. In addition, the need for a standard panel of biomarkers and functional tests to adequately characterize the underlying RCD and its role as a mechanism of disease is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Tarrant
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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414
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Chen X, Kang R, Kroemer G, Tang D. Ferroptosis in infection, inflammation, and immunity. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2021; 218:212093. [PMID: 33978684 PMCID: PMC8126980 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated necrosis that is triggered by a combination of iron toxicity, lipid peroxidation, and plasma membrane damage. The upstream inducers of ferroptosis can be divided into two categories (biological versus chemical) and activate two major pathways (the extrinsic/transporter versus the intrinsic/enzymatic pathways). Excessive or deficient ferroptotic cell death is implicated in a growing list of physiological and pathophysiological processes, coupled to a dysregulated immune response. This review focuses on new discoveries related to how ferroptotic cells and their spilled contents shape innate and adaptive immunity in health and disease. Understanding the immunological characteristics and activity of ferroptotic death not only illuminates an intersection between cell death and immunity but may also lead to the development of novel treatment approaches for immunopathological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daolin Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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415
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Stockwell BR, Jiang X. The Chemistry and Biology of Ferroptosis. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 27:365-375. [PMID: 32294465 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently described form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This type of cell death was first observed in response to treatment of tumor cells with a small-molecule chemical probe named erastin. Most subsequent advances in understanding the mechanisms governing ferroptosis involved the use of genetic screens and small-molecule probes. We describe herein the utility and limitations of chemical probes that have been used to analyze and perturb ferroptosis, as well as mechanistic studies of ferroptosis that benefitted from the use of these probes and genetic screens. We also suggest probes for ferroptosis and highlight mechanistic questions surrounding this form of cell death that will be a high priority for exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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416
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Mao C, Liu X, Zhang Y, Lei G, Yan Y, Lee H, Koppula P, Wu S, Zhuang L, Fang B, Poyurovsky MV, Olszewski K, Gan B. DHODH-mediated ferroptosis defence is a targetable vulnerability in cancer. Nature 2021; 593:586-590. [PMID: 33981038 PMCID: PMC8895686 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 274.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death that is induced by excessive lipid peroxidation, is a key tumour suppression mechanism1-4. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)5,6 and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1)7,8 constitute two major ferroptosis defence systems. Here we show that treatment of cancer cells with GPX4 inhibitors results in acute depletion of N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate, a pyrimidine biosynthesis intermediate, with concomitant accumulation of uridine. Supplementation with dihydroorotate or orotate-the substrate and product of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)-attenuates or potentiates ferroptosis induced by inhibition of GPX4, respectively, and these effects are particularly pronounced in cancer cells with low expression of GPX4 (GPX4low). Inactivation of DHODH induces extensive mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in GPX4low cancer cells, and synergizes with ferroptosis inducers to induce these effects in GPX4high cancer cells. Mechanistically, DHODH operates in parallel to mitochondrial GPX4 (but independently of cytosolic GPX4 or FSP1) to inhibit ferroptosis in the mitochondrial inner membrane by reducing ubiquinone to ubiquinol (a radical-trapping antioxidant with anti-ferroptosis activity). The DHODH inhibitor brequinar selectively suppresses GPX4low tumour growth by inducing ferroptosis, whereas combined treatment with brequinar and sulfasalazine, an FDA-approved drug with ferroptosis-inducing activity, synergistically induces ferroptosis and suppresses GPX4high tumour growth. Our results identify a DHODH-mediated ferroptosis defence mechanism in mitochondria and suggest a therapeutic strategy of targeting ferroptosis in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Mao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guang Lei
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuelong Yan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pranavi Koppula
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiqi Wu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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417
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Polycomb-group proteins in the initiation and progression of cancer. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:433-443. [PMID: 34266781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a family of chromatin regulators and critical for the maintenance of cellular identity. The PcG machinery can be categorized into at least three multi-protein complexes, namely Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1), PRC2, and Polycomb Repressive DeUBiquitinase (PR-DUB). Their deregulation has been associated with human cancer initiation and progression. Here we review the updated understanding for PcG proteins in transcription regulation and DNA damage repair and highlight increasing links to the hallmarks in cancer. Accordingly, we discuss some of the recent advances in drug development or strategies against cancers caused by the gain or loss of PcG functions.
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418
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Huang D, Li Q, Sun X, Sun X, Tang Y, Qu Y, Liu D, Yu T, Li G, Tong T, Zhang Y. CRL4 DCAF8 dependent opposing stability control over the chromatin remodeler LSH orchestrates epigenetic dynamics in ferroptosis. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1593-1609. [PMID: 33288900 PMCID: PMC8166945 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the emerging evidence on ferroptosis implicated in diverse pathologies, molecular linkage between oxidative inducers and chromatin as epigenetic memory carrier for its propagation remains elusive. Here, we report the identification of two WD40 proteins DCAF8 and WDR76 as substrate adapter and molecular inhibitor respectively of the Cullin-4 RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4) system for stability control of chromatin remodeler LSH. Degradation analysis and CRL4-DCAF8 complex reconstitution demonstrate that CRL4DCAF8 is a bona fide E3 ligase for LSH. In contrast, WDR76 antagonizes DCAF8-targeted LSH proteolysis through competitive inhibition of the holo-CRL4DCAF8-LSH complex assembly. Importantly, this opposing regulatory strategy is utilized in lipid hydroperoxide induced ferroptosis, where we identify key redox homeostasis genes significantly regulated by the DCAF8/WDR76/LSH axis through transcriptomic epistasis analysis. This regulation is mechanistically attributed to DNA hydroxymethylation fostered WDR76 interaction with LSH and increased ratio of DCAF8 to WDR76 for antagonistic LSH association accompanying decreased DNA oxidation along with ROS overproduction. Evaluation of epigenetic dynamics at ferroptosis gene promoters reveals linker histone H1- and LSH-associated transcriptional repression is coordinately removed upon lipid peroxidation stress. Together with the phenotypes driven by WDR76 and DCAF8 manipulations, these data identify DCAF8- and WDR76-adapted oxidative damage sensing through DNA hydroxymethylation for LSH degradation control as a crucial nexus in epigenetic regulation of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Huang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xinpei Sun
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xiwen Sun
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yunyi Tang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Qu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
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419
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Lei G, Zhang Y, Hong T, Zhang X, Liu X, Mao C, Yan Y, Koppula P, Cheng W, Sood AK, Liu J, Gan B. Ferroptosis as a mechanism to mediate p53 function in tumor radiosensitivity. Oncogene 2021; 40:3533-3547. [PMID: 33927351 PMCID: PMC8141034 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death triggered by lipid peroxidation, was recently identified as an important mechanism in radiotherapy (RT)-mediated tumor suppression and radioresistance, although the exact genetic contexts in which to target ferroptosis in RT remains to be defined. p53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers and a major effector to RT. Here, we identify ferroptosis as a critical mechanism to mediate p53 function in tumor radiosensitivity. Mechanistically, RT-mediated p53 activation antagonizes RT-induced SLC7A11 expression and represses glutathione synthesis, thereby promoting RT-induced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. p53 deficiency promotes radioresistance in cancer cells or tumors at least partly through SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis inhibition. Ferroptosis inducers (FINs) that inhibit SLC7A11 exert significant radiosensitizing effects in tumor organoids and patient-derived xenografts with p53 mutation or deficiency. Finally, we show that RT-induced ferroptosis correlates with p53 activation and better clinical outcomes to RT in cancer patients. Together, our study uncovers a previously unappreciated role of ferroptosis in p53-mediated radiosensitization and suggest using FINs in combination with RT to treat p53-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lei
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ting Hong
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chao Mao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuelong Yan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pranavi Koppula
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weijie Cheng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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420
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Yan Y, Lei G, Gan B. A mTORC1-mediated cyst(e)ine sensing mechanism governing GPX4 synthesis and ferroptosis. Mol Cell Oncol 2021; 8:1919006. [PMID: 34027051 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2021.1919006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a cell death mechanism triggered by lipid peroxidation. Our recent study linked cyst(e)ine availability with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein synthesis and ferroptosis mitigation via a Rag-mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) axis, and proposed that co-targeting mTORC1 and ferroptosis is a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelong Yan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guang Lei
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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421
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Abstract
Importance The extent to which uveal melanoma is cured by ocular therapy is not known. Objective To estimate cured fractions (CF) of uveal melanoma using combination of institutional and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Design, Setting, and Participants Integrative analysis of 42 years of SEER data (1975-2016) with 25 years (1993-2018) of complementary institutional data. The analysis included SEER US patients and molecularly prognosticated patients in the United States and Europe. Three SEER databases (SEER-9, SEER-13, and SEER-18) were merged. A total of 10 678 SEER cases of uveal melanoma diagnosed from 1975 to 2016 using International Classification of Disease for Oncology morphology codes 8720-8790 (for melanoma) and site codes C69.2-4 (for choroid, ciliary body, and iris) were downloaded April 16, 2019. The institutional data included 5 institutional cohorts of 788 molecularly prognosticated patients (diagnosed prior to July 2019) with 3115 person-years at risk of death and 262 observed deaths. Main Outcomes and Measures Excess absolute risks of death (EAR) and cured fraction (CF) indicates lifetime area under the EAR curve. These are applied to populations and subpopulations. Results The SEER EAR, with sexes and races pooled, can be modeled as a sum of 2 waves. The first wave peaks at approximately 3 years and is negligible by 15 years, at which time the second wave peaks. Institutional data suggest that the first wave is owing to BAP1 mutant cases (204 of 355 [57.5%]; 95% CI, 52%-63%) and that the second wave is owing to BAP1 wild-type SF3B1 mutant cases (60 of 355 [17%]; 95% CI, 13%-21%). There is also a third group with a low flat EAR time course (91 of 355 [25.5%]; 95% CI, 21%-30%). The overall statistical CF of 60% is reached by approximately 25 years. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that the benefits of ocular therapy for curing uveal melanoma may be questionable because statistical cures reflect deaths of poor prognosis cases and survival of good prognosis cases. Changes in uveal melanoma patient management may be needed to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun D Singh
- Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Emily C Zabor
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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422
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Jiang L, Zheng H, Lyu Q, Hayashi S, Sato K, Sekido Y, Nakamura K, Tanaka H, Ishikawa K, Kajiyama H, Mizuno M, Hori M, Toyokuni S. Lysosomal nitric oxide determines transition from autophagy to ferroptosis after exposure to plasma-activated Ringer's lactate. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101989. [PMID: 33940548 PMCID: PMC8105670 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP), an engineered technology to generate reactive species, induces ferroptosis and/or apoptosis specifically in various-type cancer cells. NTP-activated Ringer's lactate (PAL) is another modality for cancer therapy at preclinical stage. Here we found that PAL induces selective ferroptosis of malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells, where non-targeted metabolome screening identified upregulated citrulline-nitric oxide (.NO) cycle as a PAL target. .NO probe detected biphasic peaks transiently at PAL exposure with time-dependent increase, which was responsible for inducible . NO synthase (iNOS) overexpression through NF-κB activation. .NO and lipid peroxidation occupied lysosomes as a major compartment with increased TFEB expression. Not only ferrostatin-1 but inhibitors for . NO and/or iNOS could suppress this ferroptosis. PAL-induced ferroptosis accompanied autophagic process in the early phase, as demonstrated by an increase in essential amino acids, LC3B-II, p62 and LAMP1, transforming into the later phase with boosted lipid peroxidation. Therefore, .NO-mediated lysosomal impairment is central in PAL-induced ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Qinying Lyu
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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423
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Lei G, Mao C, Yan Y, Zhuang L, Gan B. Ferroptosis, radiotherapy, and combination therapeutic strategies. Protein Cell 2021; 12:836-857. [PMID: 33891303 PMCID: PMC8563889 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by peroxidative damages of polyunsaturated-fatty-acid-containing phospholipids in cellular membranes, has recently been revealed to play an important role in radiotherapy-induced cell death and tumor suppression, and to mediate the synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize known as well as putative mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between radiotherapy and ferroptosis, discuss the interactions between ferroptosis and other forms of regulated cell death induced by radiotherapy, and explore combination therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis in radiotherapy and immunotherapy. This review will provide important frameworks for future investigations of ferroptosis in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chao Mao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuelong Yan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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424
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Lee CS, Kim S, Hwang G, Song J. Deubiquitinases: Modulators of Different Types of Regulated Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4352. [PMID: 33919439 PMCID: PMC8122337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms and physiological implications of regulated cell death (RCD) have been extensively studied. Among the regulatory mechanisms of RCD, ubiquitination and deubiquitination enable post-translational regulation of signaling by modulating substrate degradation and signal transduction. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are involved in diverse molecular pathways of RCD. Some DUBs modulate multiple modalities of RCD by regulating various substrates and are powerful regulators of cell fate. However, the therapeutic targeting of DUB is limited, as the physiological consequences of modulating DUBs cannot be predicted. In this review, the mechanisms of DUBs that regulate multiple types of RCD are summarized. This comprehensive summary aims to improve our understanding of the complex DUB/RCD regulatory axis comprising various molecular mechanisms for diverse physiological processes. Additionally, this review will enable the understanding of the advantages of therapeutic targeting of DUBs and developing strategies to overcome the side effects associated with the therapeutic applications of DUB modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Sil Lee
- Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, World Class University, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea;
| | - Seungyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea; (S.K.); (G.H.)
| | - Gyuho Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea; (S.K.); (G.H.)
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea; (S.K.); (G.H.)
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425
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Liu L, Li Y, Cao D, Qiu S, Li Y, Jiang C, Bian R, Yang Y, Li L, Li X, Wang Z, Ju Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y. SIRT3 inhibits gallbladder cancer by induction of AKT-dependent ferroptosis and blockade of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Lett 2021; 510:93-104. [PMID: 33872694 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, impairs varied mitochondrial metabolic pathways in human cancer. Here, we explored suppressive activity of SIRT3 in the progression of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Expression levels of SIRT3 in patients with GBC were lower than those in the adjacent normal tissue. In addition, decreased expression of SIRT3 in these patients was correlated with poor overall survival. Knockdown of SIRT3 gene in GBC cell lines induced mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism, but inhibited oxidative ROS. Silence of SIRT3 gene also suppressed AKT-dependent ferroptosis, an iron-dependent and lipid peroxide-mediated cell death. Blockade of AKT activity in sh-SIRT3 cells induced ACSL4 expression that drives ferroptosis, and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal (EMT) markers and invasive activity. In contrast, overexpression of SIRT3 led to the opposite effects on mitochondrial metabolism and EMT. Finally, transplantation of sh-SIRT3 cells in nude mice resulted in rapid tumor growth and larger tumors that expressed lower E-cadherin and lipid peroxide 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) than those observed in control tumors. Collectively, our studies indicate that SIRT3 functions to inhibit AKT-dependent mitochondrial metabolism and EMT, leading to ferroptosis and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Shimei Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chengkai Jiang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rui Bian
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuechuan Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zheng Ju
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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426
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Lin YH, Liang Y, Wang H, Tung LT, Förster M, Subramani PG, Di Noia JM, Clare S, Langlais D, Nijnik A. Regulation of B Lymphocyte Development by Histone H2A Deubiquitinase BAP1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626418. [PMID: 33912157 PMCID: PMC8072452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BAP1 is a deubiquitinase (DUB) of the Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase (UCH) family that regulates gene expression and other cellular processes, via deubiquitination of histone H2AK119ub and other substrates. BAP1 is an important tumor suppressor in human, expressed and functional across many cell-types and tissues, including those of the immune system. B lymphocytes are the mediators of humoral immune response, however the role of BAP1 in B cell development and physiology remains poorly understood. Here we characterize a mouse line with a selective deletion of BAP1 within the B cell lineage (Bap1fl/fl mb1-Cre) and establish a cell intrinsic role of BAP1 in the regulation of B cell development. We demonstrate a depletion of large pre-B cells, transitional B cells, and mature B cells in Bap1fl/fl mb1-Cre mice. We characterize broad transcriptional changes in BAP1-deficient pre-B cells, map BAP1 binding across the genome, and analyze the effects of BAP1-loss on histone H2AK119ub levels and distribution. Overall, our work establishes a cell intrinsic role of BAP1 in B lymphocyte development, and suggests its contribution to the regulation of the transcriptional programs of cell cycle progression, via the deubiquitination of histone H2AK119ub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hsiao Lin
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - HanChen Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lin Tze Tung
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Förster
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Poorani Ganesh Subramani
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Javier M. Di Noia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - David Langlais
- McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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427
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Mishra B, Athar M, Mukhtar MS. Transcriptional circuitry atlas of genetic diverse unstimulated murine and human macrophages define disparity in population-wide innate immunity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7373. [PMID: 33795737 PMCID: PMC8016976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are ubiquitous custodians of tissues, which play decisive role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through regulatory immune responses. Within tissues, macrophage exhibit extremely heterogeneous population with varying functions orchestrated through regulatory response, which can be further exacerbated in diverse genetic backgrounds. Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) offer comprehensive understanding of cellular regulatory behavior by unfolding the transcription factors (TFs) and regulated target genes. RNA-Seq coupled with ATAC-Seq has revolutionized the regulome landscape influenced by gene expression modeling. Here, we employ an integrative multi-omics systems biology-based analysis and generated GRNs derived from the unstimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages of five inbred genetically defined murine strains, which are reported to be linked with most of the population-wide human genetic variants. Our probabilistic modeling of a basal hemostasis pan regulatory repertoire in diverse macrophages discovered 96 TFs targeting 6279 genes representing 468,291 interactions across five inbred murine strains. Subsequently, we identify core and distinctive GRN sub-networks in unstimulated macrophages to describe the system-wide conservation and dissimilarities, respectively across five murine strains. Our study concludes that discrepancies in unstimulated macrophage-specific regulatory networks not only drives the basal functional plasticity within genetic backgrounds, additionally aid in understanding the complexity of racial disparity among the human population during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Mishra
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama At Birmingham, 464 Campbell Hall, 1300 University Boulevard, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama At Birmingham, 464 Campbell Hall, 1300 University Boulevard, Alabama, 35294, USA. .,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama At Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama At Birmingham, 1808 7th Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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428
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Zhang T, Sun B, Zhong C, Xu K, Wang Z, Hofman P, Nagano T, Legras A, Breadner D, Ricciuti B, Divisi D, Schmid RA, Peng RW, Yang H, Yao F. Targeting histone deacetylase enhances the therapeutic effect of Erastin-induced ferroptosis in EGFR-activating mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1857-1872. [PMID: 34012798 PMCID: PMC8107764 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Intrinsic or acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is common, thus strategies for the management of EGFR-TKIs resistance are urgently required. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of cell death that has been implicated in tumorigenesis and resistance treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that ferroptosis can be therapeutically exploited for the treatment of solid tumors; however, whether ferroptosis can be targeted to treat EGFR mutant lung cancer and/or overcome the resistance to EGFR-TKIs is still unknown. Methods The effect of ferroptosis inducers on a panel of EGFR mutant lung cancer cell lines, including those with EGFR-TKI intrinsic and acquired (generated by long-term exposure to the third-generation EGFR-TKI osimertinib), was determined using cytotoxicity assays. Further, drug candidates to enhance the effect of ferroptosis inducers were screened through implementing WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) and CMAP (connectivity map) analysis. Flow cytometry-based apoptosis and lipid hydroperoxides measurement were used to evaluate the cell fates after treatment. Results Compared with EGFR-TKI-sensitive cells, those with intrinsic or acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI display high sensitivity to ferroptosis inducers. In addition, Vorinostat, a clinically used inhibitor targeting histone deacetylase, can robustly enhance the efficacy of ferroptosis inducers, leading to a dramatic increase of hydroperoxides in EGFR mutant lung cancer cells with intrinsic or acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI. Mechanistically, Vorinostat promotes ferroptosis via xCT downregulation. Conclusions Ferroptosis-inducing therapy shows promise in EGFR-activating mutant lung cancer cells that display intrinsic or acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Vorinostat can further promote ferroptosis by inhibiting xCT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Institute for Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhexin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, FHU OncoAge, Nice, France
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Antoine Legras
- Thoracic and Cardio-Vascular Surgery Department, Tours University Hospital, INSERM, N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Daniel Breadner
- Division of Medical Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program at London Health Science Center, London, Canada
| | - Biagio Ricciuti
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Duilio Divisi
- Department of MeSVA, University of L'Aquila, Thoracic Surgery Unit, "Giuseppe Mazzini" Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ralph A Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Haitang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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429
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AKT-mediated regulation of chromatin ubiquitylation and tumorigenesis through Mel18 phosphorylation. Oncogene 2021; 40:2422-2436. [PMID: 33664452 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb repressor complex 1 (PRC1) is linked to the regulation of gene expression and histone ubiquitylation conformation, which contributes to carcinogenesis. However, the upstream regulators of PRC1 biogenesis machinery remain obscure. Here, we report that the polycomb group-related mammalian gene Mel18 is a target of the protein kinase AKT. AKT phosphorylates Mel18 at T334 to disrupt the interaction between Mel18 and other PRC1 members, leading to attenuated PRC1-dependent ubiquitylation of histone H2A at Lys119. As such, PRC1 target genes, many of which are known oncogenes, are derepressed upon T334-Mel18 phosphorylation, which promotes malignant behaviours, including cell proliferation, tumour formation, migration and invasion, bone and brain metastatic lesion formation. Notably, a positive correlation between AKT activity and pT334-Mel18 is observed, and prognostic models based on p-AKT and pT334-Mel18 that predicted overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients are established. These findings have implications for understanding the role of AKT and its associated proteins in chromatin ubiquitylation, and also indicate the AKT-Mel18-H2AK119ub axis as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer patients.
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430
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Jiang X, Stockwell BR, Conrad M. Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:266-282. [PMID: 33495651 PMCID: PMC8142022 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2426] [Impact Index Per Article: 808.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The research field of ferroptosis has seen exponential growth over the past few years, since the term was coined in 2012. This unique modality of cell death, driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, is regulated by multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including redox homeostasis, iron handling, mitochondrial activity and metabolism of amino acids, lipids and sugars, in addition to various signalling pathways relevant to disease. Numerous organ injuries and degenerative pathologies are driven by ferroptosis. Intriguingly, therapy-resistant cancer cells, particularly those in the mesenchymal state and prone to metastasis, are exquisitely vulnerable to ferroptosis. As such, pharmacological modulation of ferroptosis, via both its induction and its inhibition, holds great potential for the treatment of drug-resistant cancers, ischaemic organ injuries and other degenerative diseases linked to extensive lipid peroxidation. In this Review, we provide a critical analysis of the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of ferroptosis, the potential physiological functions of ferroptosis in tumour suppression and immune surveillance, and its pathological roles, together with a potential for therapeutic targeting. Importantly, as in all rapidly evolving research areas, challenges exist due to misconceptions and inappropriate experimental methods. This Review also aims to address these issues and to provide practical guidelines for enhancing reproducibility and reliability in studies of ferroptosis. Finally, we discuss important concepts and pressing questions that should be the focus of future ferroptosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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431
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Wang H, Cheng Y, Mao C, Liu S, Xiao D, Huang J, Tao Y. Emerging mechanisms and targeted therapy of ferroptosis in cancer. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2185-2208. [PMID: 33794363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron- and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent form of programmed cell death that is distinct from other forms of regulatory cell death at the morphological, biological, and genetic levels. Emerging evidence suggests critical roles for ferroptosis in cell metabolism, the redox status, and various diseases, such as cancers, nervous system diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury, with ferroptosis-related proteins. Ferroptosis is inhibited in diverse cancer types and functions as a dynamic tumor suppressor in cancer development, indicating that the regulation of ferroptosis can be utilized as an interventional target for tumor treatment. Small molecules and nanomaterials that reprogram cancer cells to undergo ferroptosis are considered effective drugs for cancer therapy. Here, we systematically summarize the molecular basis of ferroptosis, the suppressive effect of ferroptosis on tumors, the effect of ferroptosis on cellular metabolism and the tumor microenvironment (TME), and ferroptosis-inducing agents for tumor therapeutics. An understanding of the latest progress in ferroptosis could provide references for proposing new potential targets for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University, Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University, Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Central South University, Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan 410078, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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432
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Fhu CW, Ali A. Dysregulation of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Human Malignancies: A Window for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071513. [PMID: 33805973 PMCID: PMC8037609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) governs the non-lysosomal degradation of oxidized, damaged, or misfolded proteins in eukaryotic cells. Dysregulation of the UPS results in loss of ability to maintain protein quality through proteolysis, and is closely related to the development of various malignancies and tumorigenesis. Here, we provide a comprehensive general overview on the regulation and roles of UPS and discuss the mechanisms linking dysregulated UPS to human malignancies. Inhibitors developed against components of the UPS, which include U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA-approved and those currently undergoing clinical trials, are also presented in this review. Abstract The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) governs the non-lysosomal degradation of oxidized, damaged, or misfolded proteins in eukaryotic cells. This process is tightly regulated through the activation and transfer of polyubiquitin chains to target proteins which are then recognized and degraded by the 26S proteasome complex. The role of UPS is crucial in regulating protein levels through degradation to maintain fundamental cellular processes such as growth, division, signal transduction, and stress response. Dysregulation of the UPS, resulting in loss of ability to maintain protein quality through proteolysis, is closely related to the development of various malignancies and tumorigenesis. Here, we provide a comprehensive general overview on the regulation and roles of UPS and discuss functional links of dysregulated UPS in human malignancies. Inhibitors developed against components of the UPS, which include U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA-approved and those currently undergoing clinical trials, are also presented in this review.
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433
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mTORC1 couples cyst(e)ine availability with GPX4 protein synthesis and ferroptosis regulation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1589. [PMID: 33707434 PMCID: PMC7952727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) utilizes glutathione (GSH) to detoxify lipid peroxidation and plays an essential role in inhibiting ferroptosis. As a selenoprotein, GPX4 protein synthesis is highly inefficient and energetically costly. How cells coordinate GPX4 synthesis with nutrient availability remains unclear. In this study, we perform integrated proteomic and functional analyses to reveal that SLC7A11-mediated cystine uptake promotes not only GSH synthesis, but also GPX4 protein synthesis. Mechanistically, we find that cyst(e)ine activates mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and promotes GPX4 protein synthesis at least partly through the Rag-mTORC1-4EBP signaling axis. We show that pharmacologic inhibition of mTORC1 decreases GPX4 protein levels, sensitizes cancer cells to ferroptosis, and synergizes with ferroptosis inducers to suppress patient-derived xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Together, our results reveal a regulatory mechanism to coordinate GPX4 protein synthesis with cyst(e)ine availability and suggest using combinatorial therapy of mTORC1 inhibitors and ferroptosis inducers in cancer treatment.
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434
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Lettieri S, Bortolotto C, Agustoni F, Lococo F, Lancia A, Comoli P, Corsico AG, Stella GM. The Evolving Landscape of the Molecular Epidemiology of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051034. [PMID: 33802313 PMCID: PMC7959144 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that most commonly affects the pleural lining of the lungs. It has a strong association with exposure to biopersistent fibers, mainly asbestos (80% of cases) and—in specific geographic regions—erionite, zeolites, ophiolites, and fluoro-edenite. Individuals with a chronic exposure to asbestos generally have a long latency with no or few symptoms. Then, when patients do become symptomatic, they present with advanced disease and a worse overall survival (about 13/15 months). The fibers from industrial production not only pose a substantial risk to workers, but also to their relatives and to the surrounding community. Modern targeted therapies that have shown benefit in other human tumors have thus far failed in MPM. Overall, MPM has been listed as orphan disease by the European Union. However, molecular high-throughput profiling is currently unveiling novel biomarkers and actionable targets. We here discuss the natural evolution, mainly focusing on the novel concept of molecular epidemiology. The application of innovative endpoints, quantification of genetic damages, and definition of genetic susceptibility are reviewed, with the ultimate goal to point out new tools for screening of exposed subject and for designing more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lettieri
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Agustoni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Oncology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Filippo Lococo
- Thoracic Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policinico A. Gemelli, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Lancia
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Unit of Radiation Therapy, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Cell Factory and Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Angelo G. Corsico
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Giulia M. Stella
- Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.G.C.)
- Correspondence:
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435
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Liu Z, Wang L, Liu L, Lu T, Jiao D, Sun Y, Han X. The Identification and Validation of Two Heterogenous Subtypes and a Risk Signature Based on Ferroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:619242. [PMID: 33738257 PMCID: PMC7961086 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.619242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is essential for tumorigenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The heterogeneity of ferroptosis and its relationship with tumor microenvironment (TME) have still remain elusive. METHODS Based on 74 ferroptosis related genes (FRGs) and 3,933 HCC samples from 32 datasets, we comprehensively explored the heterogenous ferroptosis subtypes. The clinical significance, functional status, immune infiltration, immune escape mechanisms, and genomic alterations of different subtypes were further investigated. RESULTS We identified and validated two heterogeneous ferroptosis subtypes: C1 was metabolismlowimmunityhigh subtype and C2 was metabolismhighimmunitylow subtype. Compared to C2, C1 owned worse prognosis, and C1 tended to occur in the patients with clinical characteristics such as younger, female, advanced stage, higher grade, vascular invasion. C1 and C2 were more sensitive to immunotherapy and sorafenib, respectively. The immune escape mechanisms of C1 might be accumulating more immunosuppressive cells, inhibitory cytokines, and immune checkpoints, while C2 was mainly associated with inferior immunogenicity, defecting in antigen presentation, and lacking leukocytes. In addition, C1 was characterized by BAP1 mutation, MYC amplification, and SCD1 methylation, while C2 was characterized by the significant alterations in cell cycle and chromatin remodeling processes. We also constructed and validated a robust and promising signature termed ferroptosis related risk score (FRRS) for assessing prognosis and immunotherapy. CONCLUSION We identified and validated two heterogeneous ferroptosis subtypes and a reliable risk signature which used to assess prognosis and immunotherapy. Our results facilitated the understood of ferroptosis as well as clinical management and precise therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Taoyuan Lu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dechao Jiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuling Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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436
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Esposito M, Ganesan S, Kang Y. Emerging strategies for treating metastasis. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:258-270. [PMID: 33899000 PMCID: PMC8064405 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The systemic spread of tumor cells is the ultimate cause of the majority of deaths from cancer, yet few successful therapeutic strategies have emerged to specifically target metastasis. Here we discuss recent advances in our understanding of tumor-intrinsic pathways driving metastatic colonization and therapeutic resistance, as well as immune activating strategies to target metastatic disease. We focus on therapeutically exploitable mechanisms, promising strategies in preclinical and clinical development, and emerging areas with potential to become innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Esposito
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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437
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Zhu L, Yang F, Wang L, Dong L, Huang Z, Wang G, Chen G, Li Q. Identification the ferroptosis-related gene signature in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:124. [PMID: 33602233 PMCID: PMC7891153 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is a recently recognized non-apoptotic cell death that is distinct from the apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis. Considerable studies have demonstrated ferroptosis is involved in the biological process of various cancers. However, the role of ferroptosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the ferroptosis-related genes (FRG) expression profiles and their prognostic values in EAC. METHODS The FRG data and clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate cox regressions were used to identify the prognostic FRG, and the predictive ROC model was established using the independent risk factors. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the bioinformatics functions of significantly different genes (SDG) of ferroptosis. Additionally, the correlations of ferroptosis and immune cells were assessed through the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and TIMER database. Finally, SDG were verified in clinical EAC specimens and normal esophageal mucosal tissues. RESULTS Twenty-eight significantly different FRG were screened from 78 EAC and 9 normal tissues. Enrichment analyses showed these SDG were mainly related to the iron-related pathways and metabolisms of ferroptosis. Gene network demonstrated the TP53, G6PD, NFE2L2 and PTGS2 were the hub genes in the biology of ferroptosis. Cox regression analyses demonstrated four FRG (CARS1, GCLM, GLS2 and EMC2) had prognostic values for overall survival (OS) (all P < 0.05). ROC curve showed better predictive ability using the risk score (AUC = 0.744). Immune cell enrichment analysis demonstrated that the types of immune cells and their expression levels in the high-risk group were significant different with those in the low-risk group (all P < 0.05). The experimental results confirmed the ALOX5, NOX1 were upregulated and the MT1G was downregulated in the EAC tissues compared with the normal esophageal mucosal tissues (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We identified differently expressed ferroptosis-related genes that may involve in EAC. These genes have significant values in predicting the patients' OS and targeting ferroptosis may be an alternative for therapy. Further studies are necessary to verify these results of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Fugui Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Guangxue Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Guohan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Qinchuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China. .,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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438
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Lou J, Zhou Y, Feng Z, Ma M, Yao Y, Wang Y, Deng Y, Wu Y. Caspase-Independent Regulated Necrosis Pathways as Potential Targets in Cancer Management. Front Oncol 2021; 10:616952. [PMID: 33665167 PMCID: PMC7921719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.616952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated necrosis is an emerging type of cell death independent of caspase. Recently, with increasing findings of regulated necrosis in the field of biochemistry and genetics, the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of regulated necrosis are gradually understood. Nowadays, there are several modes of regulated necrosis that are tightly related to cancer initiation and development, including necroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, pyroptosis, and so on. What’s more, accumulating evidence shows that various compounds can exhibit the anti-cancer effect via inducing regulated necrosis in cancer cells, which indicates that caspase-independent regulated necrosis pathways are potential targets in cancer management. In this review, we expand the molecular mechanisms as well as signaling pathways of multiple modes of regulated necrosis. We also elaborate on the roles they play in tumorigenesis and discuss how each of the regulated necrosis pathways could be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyao Lou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mindi Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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439
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Zhu H, Klement JD, Lu C, Redd PS, Yang D, Smith AD, Poschel DB, Zou J, Liu D, Wang PG, Ostrov D, Coant N, Hannun YA, Colby AH, Grinstaff MW, Liu K. Asah2 Represses the p53-Hmox1 Axis to Protect Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells from Ferroptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1395-1404. [PMID: 33547170 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immune suppressive cells that massively accumulate under pathological conditions to suppress T cell immune response. Dysregulated cell death contributes to MDSC accumulation, but the molecular mechanism underlying this cell death dysregulation is not fully understood. In this study, we report that neutral ceramidase (N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase [ASAH2]) is highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating MDSCs in colon carcinoma and acts as an MDSC survival factor. To target ASAH2, we performed molecular docking based on human ASAH2 protein structure. Enzymatic inhibition analysis of identified hits determined NC06 as an ASAH2 inhibitor. Chemical and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis determined NC06 as 7-chloro-2-(3-chloroanilino)pyrano[3,4-e][1,3]oxazine-4,5-dione. NC06 inhibits ceramidase activity with an IC50 of 10.16-25.91 μM for human ASAH2 and 18.6-30.2 μM for mouse Asah2 proteins. NC06 induces MDSC death in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibition of ferroptosis decreased NC06-induced MDSC death. NC06 increases glutathione synthesis and decreases lipid reactive oxygen species to suppress ferroptosis in MDSCs. Gene expression profiling identified the p53 pathway as the Asah2 target in MDSCs. Inhibition of Asah2 increased p53 protein stability to upregulate Hmox1 expression to suppress lipid reactive oxygen species production to suppress ferroptosis in MDSCs. NC06 therapy increases MDSC death and reduces MDSC accumulation in tumor-bearing mice, resulting in increased activation of tumor-infiltrating CTLs and suppression of tumor growth in vivo. Our data indicate that ASAH2 protects MDSCs from ferroptosis through destabilizing p53 protein to suppress the p53 pathway in MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment. Targeting ASAH2 with NC06 to induce MDSC ferroptosis is potentially an effective therapy to suppress MDSC accumulation in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Alyssa D Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Dakota B Poschel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
| | - Juan Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - David Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Nicolas Coant
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Aaron H Colby
- Ionic Pharmaceuticals, Brookline, MA 02445; and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912; .,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904
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440
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Koppula P, Zhuang L, Gan B. Cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) as a ferroptosis fuel. Protein Cell 2021; 12:675-679. [PMID: 33539003 PMCID: PMC8403093 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pranavi Koppula
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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441
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Yan HF, Zou T, Tuo QZ, Xu S, Li H, Belaidi AA, Lei P. Ferroptosis: mechanisms and links with diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:49. [PMID: 33536413 PMCID: PMC7858612 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 180.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death, which is different from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other forms of cell death. The process of ferroptotic cell death is defined by the accumulation of lethal lipid species derived from the peroxidation of lipids, which can be prevented by iron chelators (e.g., deferiprone, deferoxamine) and small lipophilic antioxidants (e.g., ferrostatin, liproxstatin). This review summarizes current knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and its association with several pathways, including iron, lipid, and cysteine metabolism. We have further discussed the contribution of ferroptosis to the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, ischemia/reperfusion, and various neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), and evaluated the therapeutic applications of ferroptosis inhibitors in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fa Yan
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zou
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Zhang Tuo
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Abdel Ali Belaidi
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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442
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Zhao CX, Zeng CM, Wang K, He QJ, Yang B, Zhou FF, Zhu H. Ubiquitin-proteasome system-targeted therapy for uveal melanoma: what is the evidence? Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:179-188. [PMID: 32601365 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare ocular tumor. The loss of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) and the aberrant activation of G protein subunit alpha q (GNAQ)/G protein subunit alpha 11 (GNA11) contribute to the frequent metastasis of UM. Thus far, limited molecular-targeted therapies have been developed for the clinical treatment of UM. However, an increasing number of studies have revealed the close relationship between the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and the malignancy of UM. UPS consists of a three-enzyme cascade, i.e. ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s); ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s); and ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s), as well as 26S proteasome and deubiquitinases (DUBs), which work coordinately to dictate the fate of intracellular proteins through regulating ubiquitination, thus influencing cell viability. Due to the critical role of UPS in tumors, we here provide an overview of the crosstalk between UPS and the malignancy of UM, discuss the current UPS-targeted therapies in UM and highlight its potential in developing novel regimens for UM.
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443
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Tang D, Chen X, Kang R, Kroemer G. Ferroptosis: molecular mechanisms and health implications. Cell Res 2021; 31:107-125. [PMID: 33268902 PMCID: PMC8026611 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1536] [Impact Index Per Article: 512.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death can be executed through different subroutines. Since the description of ferroptosis as an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death in 2012, there has been mounting interest in the process and function of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis can occur through two major pathways, the extrinsic or transporter-dependent pathway and the intrinsic or enzyme-regulated pathway. Ferroptosis is caused by a redox imbalance between the production of oxidants and antioxidants, which is driven by the abnormal expression and activity of multiple redox-active enzymes that produce or detoxify free radicals and lipid oxidation products. Accordingly, ferroptosis is precisely regulated at multiple levels, including epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational layers. The transcription factor NFE2L2 plays a central role in upregulating anti-ferroptotic defense, whereas selective autophagy may promote ferroptotic death. Here, we review current knowledge on the integrated molecular machinery of ferroptosis and describe how dysregulated ferroptosis is involved in cancer, neurodegeneration, tissue injury, inflammation, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; The Third Affiliated Hospital; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; The Third Affiliated Hospital; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, 75015, France.
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden.
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444
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Rong C, Zhou R, Wan S, Su D, Wang SL, Hess J. Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolases and Human Malignancies: The Novel Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications for Head and Neck Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:592501. [PMID: 33585209 PMCID: PMC7878561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs), a subfamily of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), have been found in a variety of tumor entities and play distinct roles in the pathogenesis and development of various cancers including head and neck cancer (HNC). HNC is a heterogeneous disease arising from the mucosal epithelia of the upper aerodigestive tract, including different anatomic sites, distinct histopathologic types, as well as human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and negative subgroups. Despite advances in multi-disciplinary treatment for HNC, the long-term survival rate of patients with HNC remains low. Emerging evidence has revealed the members of UCHs are associated with the pathogenesis and clinical prognosis of HNC, which highlights the prognostic and therapeutic implications of UCHs for patients with HNC. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pathological functions of the UCHs family, which provides enlightenment of potential mechanisms of UCHs family in HNC pathogenesis and highlights the potential consideration of UCHs as attractive drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Rong
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ran Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shan Wan
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shou-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jochen Hess
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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445
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Chen X, Kang R, Kroemer G, Tang D. Broadening horizons: the role of ferroptosis in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:280-296. [PMID: 33514910 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1244] [Impact Index Per Article: 414.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of regulated cell death processes has enabled advances in cancer treatment. In the past decade, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by excessive lipid peroxidation, has been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of tumours. Experimental reagents (such as erastin and RSL3), approved drugs (for example, sorafenib, sulfasalazine, statins and artemisinin), ionizing radiation and cytokines (such as IFNγ and TGFβ1) can induce ferroptosis and suppress tumour growth. However, ferroptotic damage can trigger inflammation-associated immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment, thus favouring tumour growth. The extent to which ferroptosis affects tumour biology is unclear, although several studies have found important correlations between mutations in cancer-relevant genes (for example, RAS and TP53), in genes encoding proteins involved in stress response pathways (such as NFE2L2 signalling, autophagy and hypoxia) and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and responses to treatments that activate ferroptosis. Herein, we present the key molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, describe the crosstalk between ferroptosis and tumour-associated signalling pathways, and discuss the potential applications of ferroptosis in the context of systemic therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. .,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. .,Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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446
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Metabolic Regulation of Ferroptosis in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020083. [PMID: 33499222 PMCID: PMC7911352 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Ferroptosis is a recently defined nonapoptotic form of cell death that is associated with various human diseases, including cancer. As ferroptosis is caused by an overdose of lipid peroxidation resulting from dysregulation of the cellular antioxidant system, it is inherently closely associated with cellular metabolism. Here, we provide an updated review of the recent studies that have shown mechanisms of metabolic regulation of ferroptosis in the context of cancer. Abstract Ferroptosis is a unique cell death mechanism that is executed by the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxidation in cells. The relevance of ferroptosis in multiple human diseases such as neurodegeneration, organ damage, and cancer is becoming increasingly evident. As ferroptosis is deeply intertwined with metabolic pathways such as iron, cyst(e)ine, glutathione, and lipid metabolism, a better understanding of how ferroptosis is regulated by these pathways will enable the precise utilization or prevention of ferroptosis for therapeutic uses. In this review, we present an update of the mechanisms underlying diverse metabolic pathways that can regulate ferroptosis in cancer.
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447
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Koren E, Fuchs Y. Modes of Regulated Cell Death in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:245-265. [PMID: 33462123 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell suicide pathways, termed regulated cell death (RCD), play a critical role in organismal development, homeostasis, and pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of key RCD modalities, namely apoptosis, entosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. We explore how various RCD modules serve as a defense mechanism against the emergence of cancer as well as the manner in which they can be exploited to drive oncogenesis. Furthermore, we outline current therapeutic agents that activate RCD and consider novel RCD-based strategies for tumor elimination. SIGNIFICANCE: A variety of antitumor therapeutics eliminate cancer cells by harnessing the devastating potential of cellular suicide pathways, emphasizing the critical importance of RCD in battling cancer. This review supplies a mechanistic perspective of distinct RCD modalities and explores the important role they play in tumorigenesis. We discuss how RCD modules serve as a double-edged sword as well as novel approaches aimed at selectively manipulating RCD for tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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448
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Roles and mechanisms of BAP1 deubiquitinase in tumor suppression. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:606-625. [PMID: 33462414 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BAP1 gene has emerged as a major tumor suppressor mutated with various frequencies in numerous human malignancies, including uveal melanoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and thymic epithelial tumors. BAP1 mutations are also observed at low frequency in other malignancies including breast, colorectal, pancreatic, and bladder cancers. BAP1 germline mutations are associated with high incidence of mesothelioma, uveal melanoma, and other cancers, defining the "BAP1 cancer syndrome." Interestingly, germline BAP1 mutations constitute an important paradigm for gene-environment interactions, as loss of BAP1 predisposes to carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis. Inactivating mutations of BAP1 are also identified in sporadic cancers, denoting the importance of this gene for normal tissue homeostasis and tumor suppression, although some oncogenic properties have also been attributed to BAP1. BAP1 belongs to the deubiquitinase superfamily of enzymes, which are responsible for the maturation and turnover of ubiquitin as well as the reversal of substrate ubiquitination, thus regulating ubiquitin signaling. BAP1 is predominantly nuclear and interacts with several chromatin-associated factors, assembling multi-protein complexes with mutually exclusive partners. BAP1 exerts its function through highly regulated deubiquitination of its substrates. As such, BAP1 orchestrates chromatin-associated processes including gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA repair. BAP1 also exerts cytoplasmic functions, notably in regulating Ca2+ signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum. This DUB is also subjected to multiple post-translational modifications, notably phosphorylation and ubiquitination, indicating that several signaling pathways tightly regulate its function. Recent progress indicated that BAP1 plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes including cell proliferation and differentiation, cell metabolism, as well as cell survival and death. In this review, we summarize the biological and molecular functions of BAP1 and explain how the inactivation of this DUB might cause human cancers. We also highlight some of the unresolved questions and suggest potential new directions.
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449
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Vergara IA, Wilmott JS, Long GV, Scolyer RA. Genetic drivers of non-cutaneous melanomas: Challenges and opportunities in a heterogeneous landscape. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:13-30. [PMID: 33455025 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-cutaneous melanomas most frequently involve the uveal tract and mucosal membranes, including the conjunctiva. In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, they often present at an advanced clinical stage, are associated with worse clinical outcomes and show poorer responses to immunotherapy. The mutational load within most non-cutaneous melanomas reflects their lower ultraviolet light (UV) exposure. The genetic drivers within non-cutaneous melanomas are heterogeneous. Within ocular melanomas, posterior uveal tract melanomas typically harbour one of two distinct, sets of driver mutations and alterations of clinical and biological significance. In contrast to posterior uveal tract melanomas, anterior uveal tract melanomas of the iris and conjunctival melanomas frequently carry both a higher mutational burden and specific mutations linked with UV exposure. The genetic drivers in iris melanomas more closely resemble those of the posterior uveal tract, whereas conjunctival melanomas harbour similar genetic driver mutations to cutaneous melanomas. Mucosal melanomas occur in sun-shielded sites including sinonasal and oral cavities, nasopharynx, oesophagus, genitalia, anus and rectum, and their mutational landscape is frequently associated with a dominant process of spontaneous deamination and infrequent presence of UV mutation signatures. Genetic drivers of mucosal melanomas are diverse and vary with anatomic location. Further understanding of the causes of already identified recurrent molecular events in non-cutaneous melanomas, identification of additional drivers in specific subtypes, integrative multi-omics analyses and analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment will expand knowledge in this field. Furthermore, such data will likely uncover new therapeutic strategies which will lead to improved clinical outcomes in non-cutaneous melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael A Vergara
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and New South Wales Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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450
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Abstract
Previous studies have found that oxidative stress is the negative reaction of the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation caused by free radicals, and it is the fuse of aging and many diseases. Scavenging the accumulation of free radicals in the body and inhibiting the production of free radicals are effective ways to reduce the occurrence of oxidative stress. In recent years, studies have found that oxidative stress has other effects on the body, such as anti-tumour. In this paper, the targets related to anti-oxidative stress were introduced, and they were divided into nuclear transcription factors, enzymes, solute carrier family 7, member 11 (SLC7A11) genes and iron death, ion channels, molecular chaperones, small molecules according to their different functions. In addition, we introduce the research status of agonists/inhibitors related to these targets, so as to provide some reference for the follow-up research and clinical application of anti-oxidative stress drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fang-Xu Dong
- College of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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