401
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Scolaro LM, Castriciano MA, Romeo A, Micali N, Angelini N, Lo Passo C, Felici F. Supramolecular Binding of Cationic Porphyrins on a Filamentous Bacteriophage Template: Toward a Noncovalent Antenna System. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:7446-7. [PMID: 16756291 DOI: 10.1021/ja061726j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Engineered viruses act as scaffolds to bind porphyrins on their surfaces, exploiting mainly electrostatic interactions. The close proximity between porphyrins and tryptophan residues, exposed on the solvent-accessible surface, leads to an efficient resonant energy transfer, which makes these systems suitable for developing noncovalent antenna systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Monsù Scolaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina and C.I.R.C.M.S.B., Unità di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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402
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Thürmer K, Hwang RQ, Bartelt NC. Surface self-organization caused by dislocation networks. Science 2006; 311:1272-4. [PMID: 16513979 DOI: 10.1126/science.1120224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report a new mechanism of self-organization that can lead to robust surface ordering. We have quantitatively analyzed the thermal motion of holes created by sulfur atoms in a silver monolayer on a ruthenium surface, which we observed in real time with scanning tunneling microscopy. We find that the stability of the array of holes is determined by the arrangement and structure of misfit dislocations in the film.
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403
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Hinds S, Taft BJ, Levina L, Sukhovatkin V, Dooley CJ, Roy MD, MacNeil DD, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Nucleotide-directed growth of semiconductor nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:64-5. [PMID: 16390123 DOI: 10.1021/ja057002+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We engineer colloidal quantum dot nanocrystals through the choice of biomolecular ligands responsible for nanoparticle nucleation, growth, stabilization, and passivation. We systematically vary the presence of, and thereby elucidate the role of, phosphate groups and a multiplicity of functionalities on the mononucleotides used as ligands. The results provide the basis for synthesis of nanoparticles using precisely controlled synthetic oligonucleotide sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Hinds
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G4
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404
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Sano KI, Sasaki H, Shiba K. Utilization of the Pleiotropy of a Peptidic Aptamer To Fabricate Heterogeneous Nanodot-Containing Multilayer Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:1717-22. [PMID: 16448147 DOI: 10.1021/ja057262r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptide aptamers (=binders) against inorganic materials often show a capacity for mineralization of their target atoms; thus they are able to function both as binding molecules and as mediators for mineralization. Although the mechanisms underlying these two properties of peptide aptamers are not yet fully understood, they have been used separately to fabricate various nanostructures. Here, we present a novel method of nanofabrication, in which binding and mineralization by a peptide aptamer are alternately utilized to assemble multilayered nanostructures comprised of metal loaded cage proteins ornamented with Ti-binding peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Sano
- Department of Protein Engineering, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research and CREST, JST, Koto, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
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405
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Single layer hexagonal boron nitride films on Ni(110). E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2006.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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406
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Clair S, Pons S, Brune H, Kern K, Barth JV. Mesoscopic Metallosupramolecular Texturing by Hierarchic Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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407
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Clair S, Pons S, Brune H, Kern K, Barth JV. Mesoscopic Metallosupramolecular Texturing by Hierarchic Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:7294-7. [PMID: 16229047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Clair
- Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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408
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Barth JV, Costantini G, Kern K. Engineering atomic and molecular nanostructures at surfaces. Nature 2005; 437:671-9. [PMID: 16193042 DOI: 10.1038/nature04166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1161] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication methods of the microelectronics industry have been refined to produce ever smaller devices, but will soon reach their fundamental limits. A promising alternative route to even smaller functional systems with nanometre dimensions is the autonomous ordering and assembly of atoms and molecules on atomically well-defined surfaces. This approach combines ease of fabrication with exquisite control over the shape, composition and mesoscale organization of the surface structures formed. Once the mechanisms controlling the self-ordering phenomena are fully understood, the self-assembly and growth processes can be steered to create a wide range of surface nanostructures from metallic, semiconducting and molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes V Barth
- Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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409
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Präsang C, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Stable planar six-pi-electron six-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with tunable electronic properties. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:10182-3. [PMID: 16028925 PMCID: PMC2440681 DOI: 10.1021/ja052987g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbene analogues of borazines are highly thermally stable. Keeping quasi-identical steric demands, the electronic properties of the carbene can be precisely tuned by varying the nature of the substituents at the boron centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Präsang
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMR 2282), Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
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410
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Holowka EP, Pochan DJ, Deming TJ. Charged Polypeptide Vesicles with Controllable Diameter. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:12423-8. [PMID: 16131225 DOI: 10.1021/ja053557t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation and characterization of charged, amphiphilic block copolypeptides that form stable vesicles and micelles in aqueous solution. Specifically, we prepared and studied the aqueous self-assembly of a series of poly(L-lysine)-b-poly(L-leucine) block copolypeptides, KxLy, where x ranged from 20 to 80 and y ranged from 10 to 30 residues, as well as the poly(L-glutamatic acid)-b-poly(L-leucine) block copolypeptide, E60L20. Furthermore, the vesicular assemblies show dynamic properties, indicating a high degree of membrane fluidity. This characteristic provides stimuli-responsive properties to the vesicles and allows fine adjustment of vesicle size using liposome-based extrusion techniques. Vesicle extrusion also provides a straightforward means to trap solutes, making the vesicles promising biomimetic encapsulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Holowka
- Contribution from the Materials Department, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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411
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Peelle BR, Krauland EM, Wittrup KD, Belcher AM. Design criteria for engineering inorganic material-specific peptides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:6929-33. [PMID: 16008405 DOI: 10.1021/la050261s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Development of a fundamental understanding of how peptides specifically interact with inorganic material surfaces is crucial to furthering many applications in the field of nanobiotechnology. Herein, we report systematic study of peptide sequence-activity relationships for binding to II-VI semiconductors (CdS, CdSe, ZnS, ZnSe) and Au using a yeast surface display system, and we define criteria for tuning peptide affinity and specificity for these material surfaces. First, homohexapeptides of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids were engineered, expressed on yeast surface, and assayed for the ability to bind each material surface in order to define functional groups sufficient for binding. Histidine (H6) was able to mediate binding of yeast to the five materials studied, while tryptophan (W6), cysteine (C6), and methionine (M6) exhibited different levels of binding to single-crystalline ZnS and ZnSe and polycrystalline Au surfaces. The ability of neighboring amino acids to up- and down-modulate histidine binding was then evaluated by use of interdigitated peptides (XHXHXHX). While the 20 amino acids exhibited a unique fingerprint of modulation for each material, some general trends emerged. With neutral defined by alanine, up-modulation occurred with glycine, basic amino acids, and the previously defined binding amino acids histidine, tryptophan, cysteine, and methionine, and down-modulation generally occurred with acidic, polar, and hydrophobic residues. We conclude that certain amino acids directly bind the material surface while neighboring amino acids locally modulate the binding environment for the materials we studied. Therefore, by the specific placement of up- and down-modulating amino acids, material specificity can be controlled. Finally, by employing the compositional and spatial criteria developed herein, it was possible to predictively design peptide sequences with material specificity, including a multimaterial binder, a Au-specific binder, and a ZnS-specific binder, that were verified as such in the context of yeast display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau R Peelle
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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412
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Huang Y, Chiang CY, Lee SK, Gao Y, Hu EL, De Yoreo J, Belcher AM. Programmable assembly of nanoarchitectures using genetically engineered viruses. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:1429-34. [PMID: 16178252 DOI: 10.1021/nl050795d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems possess inherent molecular recognition and self-assembly capabilities and are attractive templates for constructing complex material structures with molecular precision. Here we report the assembly of various nanoachitectures including nanoparticle arrays, hetero-nanoparticle architectures, and nanowires utilizing highly engineered M13 bacteriophage as templates. The genome of M13 phage can be rationally engineered to produce viral particles with distinct substrate-specific peptides expressed on the filamentous capsid and the ends, providing a generic template for programmable assembly of complex nanostructures. Phage clones with gold-binding motifs on the capsid and streptavidin-binding motifs at one end are created and used to assemble Au and CdSe nanocrytals into ordered one-dimensional arrays and more complex geometries. Initial studies show such nanoparticle arrays can further function as templates to nucleate highly conductive nanowires that are important for addressing/interconnecting individual nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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413
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Falkner JC, Turner ME, Bosworth JK, Trentler TJ, Johnson JE, Lin T, Colvin VL. Virus crystals as nanocomposite scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:5274-5. [PMID: 15826137 DOI: 10.1021/ja044496m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The generation of long-range three-dimensional nanoscopic patterns is a major goal in materials chemistry. Here we report a strategy for creating such systems using virus crystals as scaffolds which can be infiltrated with metal specifically palladium and platinum. The inorganic component effectively packs within the porous macromolecular crystal architecture, providing a route for patterning these materials on the nanometer length scale. To verify the quality of the metal infiltration, SEM-EDX was used to determine the homogeneous distribution of metal across the crystal, and TEM was used to confirm that the metal was confined within the porous structure of the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Falkner
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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414
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Kramer RM, Li C, Carter DC, Stone MO, Naik RR. Engineered protein cages for nanomaterial synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 126:13282-6. [PMID: 15479082 DOI: 10.1021/ja046735b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled particles of genetically engineered human L subunit ferritin expressing a silver-binding peptide were used as nanocontainers for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The inner cavity of the self-assembled protein cage displays a dodecapeptide that is capable of reducing silver ions to metallic silver. This chimeric protein cage when incubated in the presence of silver nitrate exhibits the growth of a silver nanocrystal within its cavity. Our studies indicate that it is possible to design chimeric cages, using specific peptide templates, for the growth of other inorganic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Kramer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Biotechnology Group, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA
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415
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Wu LQ, Lee K, Wang X, English DS, Losert W, Payne GF. Chitosan-mediated and spatially selective electrodeposition of nanoscale particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:3641-3646. [PMID: 15807614 DOI: 10.1021/la047420c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale particles offer a variety of interesting properties, and there is growing interest in their assembly into higher ordered structures. We report that the pH-responsive aminopolysaccharide chitosan can mediate the electrodeposition of model nanoparticles. Chitosan is known to electrodeposit at the cathode surface in response to a high localized pH. To demonstrate that chitosan can mediate nanoparticle deposition, we suspended fluorescently labeled latex nanoparticles (100 nm diameter spheres) in a chitosan solution (1%) and performed electrodeposition (0.05 mA/cm2 for several minutes). Results demonstrate that chitosan is required for nanoparticle electrodeposition; chitosan confers spatial selectivity to electrodeposition; and nanoparticles distribute throughout the electrodeposited chitosan film. Additionally, we observed that the deposited films reversibly swell upon rehydration. This work indicates that chitosan provides a simple means to assemble nanoparticles at addressable locations and provides further evidence that stimuli-responsive biological materials may facilitate fabrication at the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Wu
- Center for Biosystems Research, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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416
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Chatterji A, Ochoa WF, Ueno T, Lin T, Johnson JE. A virus-based nanoblock with tunable electrostatic properties. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:597-602. [PMID: 15826093 DOI: 10.1021/nl048007s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Five different "HIS tag" mutants of cowpea mosaic virus were made by genetically introducing six contiguous histidine residues at various locations on the virus capsid. The mutant particles showed differential affinity for binding nickel, and their electrostatic properties could be controlled as a function of the protonation state of the exposed histidine sequence. The specific addressability of the HIS tag was corroborated by the selective modification of the histidine sequence with nanogold cross-linked to the Ni-NTA moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Chatterji
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Integrative and Molecular Biosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, USA
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417
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Theobald JA, Oxtoby NS, Champness NR, Beton PH, Dennis TJS. Growth induced reordering of fullerene clusters trapped in a two-dimensional supramolecular network. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:2038-2041. [PMID: 15723508 DOI: 10.1021/la047533w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the growth of molecular clusters in confined geometries defined by a bimolecular supramolecular network. This framework provides a regular array of identical nanoscale traps in which further deposited molecules nucleate cluster growth. For the higher fullerene, C84, molecules aggregate into close packed assemblies with an orientation which switches when the cluster size increases by one molecule. This change is controlled by the interactions between the molecules and the confining boundaries of the network pore. We show that, following nucleation of small clusters, further growth requires a reconfiguration of previously captured molecules resulting in a transition between nanoscale phases with different ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Theobald
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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418
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Chen W, Loh KP, Xu H, Wee ATS. Nanoparticle dispersion on reconstructed carbon nanomeshes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:10779-10784. [PMID: 15568824 DOI: 10.1021/la048530m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A nanoporous template which can be used for the preparation of monodispersed metal nanoparticles can have wide-ranging applications in the catalyzed growth of single-walled nanotubes, as well as the preparation of energetic, nanostructured ferromagnetic particle arrays. Here, we found that a honeycomb-like carbon nanomesh with periodically arranged pores of approximately 2-nm dimension could be fabricated on the reconstructed 6H-SiC(0001) surface. The carbon nanomesh arises from the periodic arrangement of segregated carbon clusters on the 6H-SiC surface to form a highly regular, nanoporous film. The carbon nanomesh can be dynamically structured to control the periodicity and depth of the pores by annealing in a vacuum. We evaporated cobalt on the surface of the nanomesh and investigated the diffusion and agglomeration behavior of cobalt clusters using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. It is found that monodispersed Co nanoclusters that resist aggregation up to a temperature of 500 degrees C can be fabricated on this template.
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419
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Shu D, Moll WD, Deng Z, Mao C, Guo P. Bottom-up Assembly of RNA Arrays and Superstructures as Potential Parts in Nanotechnology. NANO LETTERS 2004; 4:1717-23. [PMID: 21171616 PMCID: PMC3010238 DOI: 10.1021/nl0494497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA and protein have been extensively scrutinized for feasibility as parts in nanotechnology, but another natural building block, RNA, has been largely ignored. RNA can be manipulated to form versatile shapes, thus providing an element of adaptability to DNA nanotechnology, which is predominantly based upon a double-helical structure. The DNA-packaging motor of bacterial virus phi29 contains six DNA-packaging RNAs (pRNA), which together form a hexameric ring via loop/loop interaction. Here we report that this pRNA can be redesigned to form a variety of structures and shapes, including twins, tetramers, rods, triangles, and 3D arrays several microns in size via interaction of programmed helical regions and loops. Three dimensional RNA array formation required a defined nucleotide number for twisting of the interactive helix and a palindromic sequence. Such arrays are unusually stable and resistant to a wide range of temperatures, salt concentrations, and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peixuan Guo
- Corresponding author. Purdue Cancer Center, B-036 Hansen Life Science Research Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Phone: (765) 494-7561; Fax: (765) 496-1795;
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