401
|
Karb RA, Elliott MR, Dowd JB, Morenoff JD. Neighborhood-level stressors, social support, and diurnal patterns of cortisol: the Chicago Community Adult Health Study. Soc Sci Med 2012; 75:1038-47. [PMID: 22698925 PMCID: PMC3556931 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhood disadvantage has consistently been linked to increased rates of morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms through which neighborhood environments may get "under the skin" remain largely unknown. Differential exposure to chronic environmental stressors has been identified as a potential pathway linking neighborhood disadvantage and poor health, particularly through the dysregulation of stress-related biological pathways such as cortisol secretion, but the majority of existing observational studies on stress and neuroendocrine functioning have focused exclusively on individual-level stressors and psychosocial characteristics. This paper aims to fill that gap by examining the association between features of the neighborhood environment and the diurnal cortisol patterns of 308 individuals from Chicago, Illinois, USA. We found that respondents in neighborhoods with high levels of perceived and observed stressors or low levels of social support experienced a flatter rate of cortisol decline throughout the day. In addition, overall mean cortisol levels were found to be lower in higher stress, lower support neighborhoods. This study adds to the growing evidence of hypocortisolism among chronically stressed adult populations and suggests hypocortisolism rather than hypercortisolism as a potential mechanism linking social disadvantage to poor health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R. Elliott
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Jennifer B. Dowd
- CUNY School of Public Health, Hunter College, City University of New York (CUNY)
- CUNY Institute for Demographic Research (CIDR), University of Michigan
| | - Jeffrey D. Morenoff
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
- Department of Sociology, University of Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
402
|
Gelzo M, Clericuzio S, Barone R, D'Apolito O, Dello Russo A, Corso G. A routine method for cholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol analysis in dried blood spot by GC-FID to diagnose the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 907:154-8. [PMID: 22985726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This work was aimed to implement a fast and simple method to quantify cholesterol (CHOL) and 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in dried blood spot (DBS) to diagnose the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), an inborn error of CHOL biosynthesis. We developed and validated a GC-FID method for separation and quantification of underivatized CHOL and 7-DHC using a DBS disc of 6mm with a run time of 9 min. Correlation coefficients (r) of calibration curves ranged from 0.998 to 0.999 for CHOL and from 0.997 to 0.998 for 7-DHC. Within-day and between-day imprecision (CV%), accuracy (%), carry-over, and extraction efficacy (%) were also evaluated for validation. CHOL and 7-DHC were analyzed in DBS and plasma samples from 8 SLOS patients and 30 unaffected subjects. In SLOS patients, 7-DHC/CHOL ratios in DBS and plasma samples ranged from 0.035 to 1.448 and from 0.012 to 0.926, respectively. Results from calibration curves, quality controls and patient samples reveal that the method is suitable to analyze DBS to screen patients affected by SLOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gelzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
403
|
Li Q, Cao D, Huang Y, Xu H, Yu C, Li Z. Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of tacrolimus on dried blood spots. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:327-34. [PMID: 22893355 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Pharmacy; Children's Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| | - Di Cao
- Department of Pharmacy; Children's Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Pharmacy; Children's Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology; Children's Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory; Shanghai Xu Hui District Central Hospital; 966 Huaihai Middle Road; Shanghai; 200031; China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy; Children's Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai; China
| |
Collapse
|
404
|
Uchikata T, Matsubara A, Fukusaki E, Bamba T. High-throughput phospholipid profiling system based on supercritical fluid extraction–supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry for dried plasma spot analysis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1250:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
405
|
Physiological regulatory networks: ecological roles and evolutionary constraints. Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:428-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
406
|
Kvaskoff D, Ko P, Simila HA, Eyles DW. Distribution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in dried blood spots and implications for its quantitation by tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 901:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
407
|
Aabye MG, Eugen-Olsen J, Werlinrud AM, Holm LL, Tuuminen T, Ravn P, Ruhwald M. A simple method to quantitate IP-10 in dried blood and plasma spots. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39228. [PMID: 22761744 PMCID: PMC3384664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen specific release of IP-10 is an established marker for infection with M.tuberculosis. Compared to IFN-γ, IP-10 is released in 100-fold higher concentrations enabling the development of novel assays for detection. Dried blood spots are a convenient sample for high throughput newborn screening. AIM To develop a robust and sensitive ELISA-based assay for IP-10 detection in plasma, dried blood spots (DBS) and dried plasma spots (DPS); to validate the ELISA in clinically relevant samples; and to assess the performance of the assay for detection of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and M.tuberculosis specific immune responses. METHOD We raised mice and rat monoclonal antibodies against human IP-10 and developed an ELISA. The assay was validated and applied to the detection of CMV and M.tuberculosis specific responses in 18 patients with immune reactivity towards M.tuberculosis and 32 healthy controls of which 22 had immune reactivity towards CMV and none towards M.tuberculosis. We compared the performance of this new assay to IFN-γ. RESULTS The ELISA was reliable for IP-10 detection in both plasma and filter paper samples. The linear range of the ELISA was 2.5-600 pg/ml. IFN-γ was not readily detectable in DPS samples. IP-10 was stabile in filter paper samples for at least 4 weeks at 37 °C. The correlation between IP-10 detected in plasma, DPS and DBS samples was excellent (r(2)>0.97). CONCLUSIONS This newly developed assay is reliable for IP-10 quantification in plasma, DBS and DPS samples from antigen stimulated and non-stimulated whole blood. The filter paper assays enable easy sample acquisition and transport at ambient temperature e.g. via the postal system. The system can potentially simplify diagnostic assays for M.tuberculosis and CMV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martine G. Aabye
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jesper Eugen-Olsen
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Werlinrud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Lindebo Holm
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Tamara Tuuminen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pernille Ravn
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Ruhwald
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
408
|
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of losartan and its active metabolite on dried blood spots. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 902:47-54. [PMID: 22770781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid quantitative bioanalytical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of losartan and its active metabolite, losartan carboxylic acid on rat dried blood spots was developed and validated as per regulatory guidelines. Losartan and its metabolite were extracted from dried blood spots using 50% aqueous methanol and separated on Waters XTerra(®) RP18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using mobile phase composed of 40% acetonitrile and 60% aqueous ammonium acetate (10mM). The eluents were monitored using ESI tandem mass spectrometric detection with negative polarity in MRM mode using ion transitions m/z 421.2→179.0, m/z 435.3→157.0 and m/z 427.3→193.0 for losartan, losartan carboxylic acid and Irbesartan (internal standard), respectively. The method was validated over the linear range of 1-200 ng/mL and 5-1000 ng/mL with lower limits of quantification of 1.0 ng/mL and 5.0 ng/mL for losartan and losartan carboxylic acid, respectively. Inter and intra-day precision and accuracy (Bias) were below 5.96% and between -2.8 and 1.5%, respectively. The mean recoveries of the analytes from dried blood spots were between 89% and 97%. No significant carry over and matrix effects were observed. The stability of stock solution, whole blood, dried blood spot and processed samples were tested under different conditions and the results were found to be well within the acceptable limits. Additional validation parameters such as influence of hematocrit and spot volume were also evaluated and found to be well within the acceptable limits.
Collapse
|
409
|
McDade TW, Woodruff TK, Huang YY, Funk WE, Prewitt M, Kondapalli L, Gracia CR. Quantification of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in dried blood spots: validation of a minimally invasive method for assessing ovarian reserve. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2503-8. [PMID: 22674205 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological markers of ovarian reserve have the potential to advance research on fecundability, infertility and reproductive aging. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has emerged as a clinically useful measure of ovarian reserve, but the requirement for venous blood is an obstacle to application in non-clinical settings. This paper validates a new method for quantifying AMH in dried blood spot (DBS) samples--drops of whole blood collected on filter paper following a simple finger stick. METHODS Matched serum and DBS samples were obtained from n=101 women of reproductive age, and AMH values were compared using regression analyses and scatter plots. The precision, reliability, linearity, recovery and lower detection limit of the DBS assay were evaluated, as well as the stability of AMH in DBS across a range of storage conditions. RESULTS There was a strong agreement between AMH concentrations measured in DBS and serum samples across the entire assay range. Analysis of within-assay (percent coefficient of variation, 4.7-6.5%) and between-assay (3.5-7.2%) variability indicated a high level of assay precision and reliability, respectively. The minimum detectable dose of AMH was 0.065 ng/ml. Concentrations of AMH remained stable in DBS samples stored for 2 weeks at room temperature, and for 4 weeks when refrigerated. CONCLUSIONS The DBS assay performs at a level that is comparable to serum-based methods, with the advantage of lower burdens and costs associated with blood collection that may be advantageous for research in clinical as well as non-clinical settings on the causes and consequences of variation in ovarian reserve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
410
|
Rapid LC–MS/MS quantification of the major benzodiazepines and their metabolites on dried blood spots using a simple and cost-effective sample pretreatment. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:1337-50. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dried blood spots (DBS) sampling has gained popularity in the bioanalytical community as an alternative to conventional plasma sampling, as it provides numerous benefits in terms of sample collection and logistics. The aim of this work was to show that these advantages can be coupled with a simple and cost-effective sample pretreatment, with subsequent rapid LC–MS/MS analysis for quantitation of 15 benzodiazepines, six metabolites and three Z-drugs. For this purpose, a simplified offline procedure was developed that consisted of letting a 5-µl DBS infuse directly into 100 µl of MeOH, in a conventional LC vial. Results: The parameters related to the DBS pretreatment, such as extraction time or internal standard addition, were investigated and optimized, demonstrating that passive infusion in a regular LC vial was sufficient to quantitatively extract the analytes of interest. The method was validated according to international criteria in the therapeutic concentration ranges of the selected compounds. Conclusion: The presented strategy proved to be efficient for the rapid analysis of the selected drugs. Indeed, the offline sample preparation was reduced to a minimum, using a small amount of organic solvent and consumables, without affecting the accuracy of the method. Thus, this approach enables simple and rapid DBS analysis, even when using a non-DBS-dedicated autosampler, while lowering the costs and environmental impact.
Collapse
|
411
|
McDade TW, Tallman PS, Madimenos FC, Liebert MA, Cepon TJ, Sugiyama LS, Snodgrass JJ. Analysis of variability of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in lowland Ecuador reveals no evidence of chronic low-grade inflammation. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:675-81. [PMID: 22639072 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES C-reactive protein (CRP) is a central component of innate immune defenses, and high sensitivity CRP has emerged as an important biomarker of chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk. Prior analyses of CRP variability have reported stable between-individual differences in CRP over time, but a limitation of current knowledge is that it is based on research conducted in post-epidemiologic transition populations. METHODS This study evaluated CRP variability among adults in the southeastern region of the Ecuadorian Amazon where rates of infectious diseases remain high. Blood samples were collected from 52 adults at four weekly sampling intervals and were quantified using a high-sensitivity immunoassay. RESULTS Median CRP concentration was 0.52 mg/l. About 34.6% of participants had CRP >3 mg/l at one time point, but no individuals had CRP >3 mg/l across two or more sampling intervals, and within-individual correlations revealed low levels of stable, between-individual differences in CRP. The application of current guidelines for the assessment of chronic inflammation failed to detect a single case of "high risk" CRP. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to investigate CRP variability in a nonindustrialized, high infectious disease environment. It documents a pattern of variation over time that is distinct from prior research, with no evidence for chronic low-grade inflammation. These results may have substantial implications for research on inflammation and diseases of aging globally, as well as for scientific understandings of the regulation of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
412
|
Möller I, Thomas A, Geyer H, Schänzer W, Thevis M. Development and validation of a mass spectrometric detection method of peginesatide in dried blood spots for sports drug testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2715-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
413
|
A bioanalytical strategy utilizing dried blood spot sampling and LC–MS/MS in discovery toxicology studies. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:1057-64. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Method: The small sample volumes characteristic to dried blood spot (DBS) sampling enabled us to right-shift the linear dynamic range of an LC–MS/MS plasma assay tenfold and eliminate the need for extensive sample dilution in support of three discovery toxicology studies in which both plasma and DBS samples were collected. With the right-shifted DBS assay range, no DBS study samples required dilution, while all of the plasma samples were diluted 5–50-fold. Results: DBS standard curves from 78–80,000 nM were linear, the performance of the curve and QC samples was within acceptable discovery-assay criteria and individual plasma and DBS data were comparable. Linear correlations of Cmax and AUC derived from DBS and plasma data resulted in R2 > 0.9. Conclusion: This bioanalytical strategy represents a benefit to the bioanalyst that can expedite the return of data and minimize the potential for error and variability that can result from extensive dilutions of study samples.
Collapse
|
414
|
Holmes LM, Marcelli EA. Neighborhoods and systemic inflammation: high CRP among legal and unauthorized Brazilian migrants. Health Place 2012; 18:683-93. [PMID: 22401803 PMCID: PMC3319645 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We estimate cross-sectional associations of neighborhood-level disorder, socioeconomic characteristics and social capital with individual-level systemic inflammation, measured as high C-reactive protein (CRP), using Boston Metropolitan Immigrant Health & Legal Status Survey (BM-IHLSS) data-a sample of relatively young, healthy foreign-born Brazilian adults. Logistic regression analyses suggest high CRP is positively associated with neighborhood disorder and negatively related to neighborhood social capital. Although we find no significant associations between other neighborhood socioeconomic variables and high CRP; males, those who were born in an urban area and those who had been graduated from high school were less likely to have had high CRP. Unauthorized Brazilian adults, those who smoked cigarettes daily and those who had a higher body mass index were more likely to have had high CRP. Our findings suggest that investigating sociogeographic stressors and social support may be important for understanding physiological dysregulation even among relatively healthy U.S. sub-populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa M Holmes
- Department of Geography, 3620 S Vermont Avenue, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
415
|
Peng M, Liu L, Peng L. Evaluation of factors influencing accuracy in the analysis of succinylacetone in dried blood spots. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1265-9. [PMID: 22522056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried blood spots offer specific advantages over conventional blood collection methods, but with certain limitations. This article aims to evaluate factors which affect succinylacetone test in dried blood spots. METHODS Whole blood with defined hematocrit and blood volume spiked with succinylacetone was spotted on filter paper, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Four hematocrit levels (30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) and five blood volume levels (10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 μl) were tested. RESULTS Succinylacetone concentration increased with increasing hematocrit, large bias from added concentration was found to be - 45% when hematocrit was 30%, as the difference of hematocrit level between the calibrator and QC sample increased, the bias from nominal value was increased. Blood volume also has effect on succinylacetone concentration level, but the accuracy was <15% when blood volume was 10 to 50 μl, and >20% as the blood volume went to ≥70 μl. CONCLUSIONS Both hematocrit and blood volume have effect on analysis of succinylacetone in dried blood spots, the effect of hematocrit is more significant, due to hematocrit level of majority Type I tyrosinemia patients is low, diagnoses may be missed by using dried blood spots to analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Peng
- The Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
416
|
Danese A, McEwen BS. Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease. Physiol Behav 2012; 106:29-39. [PMID: 21888923 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1192] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
417
|
Risk Factors for Anemia among Brazilian Infants from the 2006 National Demographic Health Survey. Anemia 2012; 2012:850681. [PMID: 22400108 PMCID: PMC3286880 DOI: 10.1155/2012/850681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency is an important public health problem. An understanding of anemia risk factors is essential to informed health policies. We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,382 infants from the 2006 Brazilian National Survey on Demography and the Health of Women and Children. Mild and moderate anemia was characterised by hemoglobin levels below 11.0 and 9.5 g/dL, respectively. Rates for mild and moderate anemia were 25.9% and 9.9%, respectively. The logistic model included three risk factors for mild anemia—urban residence area (OR = 2.5; P = 0.004), fever in the past 2 weeks (OR = 2.4; P < 0.001), and age less than 12 months (OR = 1.7; P = 0.024). Strategies to control infant anemia should include health promotion and nutritional education for families from all socioeconomic levels. Lifestyle quality improvement based on adequate food consumption must be achieved by communities in all macroregions, and especially in urban areas.
Collapse
|
418
|
Redondo AH, Körber C, König S, Längin A, Al-Ahmad A, Weinmann W. Inhibition of bacterial degradation of EtG by collection as dried urine spots (DUS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2417-24. [PMID: 22249418 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are direct alcohol consumption markers widely used nowadays for clinical and forensic applications. They are detectable in blood and urine even after consumption of trace amounts of ethanol and for a longer time frame, being detectable even when no more ethanol is present. The instability of EtG against bacterial degradation in contaminated urine samples and/or the possible postcollection synthesis of this metabolite in samples containing, e.g., Escherichia coli and ethanol, may cause false identification of alcohol uptake. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to constrict these error sources by inhibition of any bacterial growth causing hydrolization or synthesis of EtG. This study evaluates a new method of collecting urine samples on filter paper, dried urine spots (DUS), for simultaneous detection of EtG, EtS and creatinine, having the great advantage of inhibiting bacterial activity. In addition, a method validation for the determination of EtG and EtS in DUS was performed according to the FDA guidelines. Sterile-filtered urine was spiked with EtG and EtS, inoculated with E. coli and incubated. Liquid and dried urine samples were collected after various time intervals up to 96 h. Liquid samples were frozen immediately after collection, whereas aliquots for DUS were pipetted onto filter paper, allowed to dry and stored at RT until analysis 1 week after. The specimens were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. As expected, degradation of EtG, but not of EtS, was observed in contaminated liquid urine samples. However, the specimens collected on filter paper and stored at RT showed no degradation during storage. Therefore, collecting urine samples on filter paper for EtG and EtS analysis turns out to be a reliable method to avoid bacterial degradation of EtG and EtS, and consequently, stabilization of these ethanol metabolites is achieved. In addition, simultaneous measurement of creatinine content as an indicator of urine dilution helps to interpret the results. Method validation for EtG and EtS in DUS was satisfactory, showing the linearity of the calibration curves in the studied concentration range, good precision, accuracy and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hernández Redondo
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
419
|
Thomas A, Geyer H, Schänzer W, Crone C, Kellmann M, Moehring T, Thevis M. Sensitive determination of prohibited drugs in dried blood spots (DBS) for doping controls by means of a benchtop quadrupole/Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1279-89. [PMID: 22231507 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a new type of mass spectrometer combining a quadrupole mass filter, a higher collision dissociation (HCD) cell and an Orbitrap detector, was evaluated for the analysis of dried blood spots (DBS) in doping controls. DBS analysis is characterized by the necessity to detect prohibited compounds in sub-nanogram-per-milliliter levels with high identification capacity. After extraction of DBS with an organic solvent and liquid chromatographic separation (using a regular C18-RP-analytical UHPLC-column) of target analytes, mass spectrometry is performed with a high-resolution full scan in positive and negative mode by means of electrospray ionisation. Single-product ion mass spectra are acquired using the data-dependent analysis mode (employing an inclusion list) for previously selected precursors of known prohibited compounds with fixed retention time ranges. Besides, a sensitive screening in a targeted approach, non-targeted analysis for retrospective data evaluation is thus possible. The chosen experimental design enables the determination of various drugs from different classes with one generic sample preparation which is shown for 26 selected model compounds (Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH), methylhexaneamine, methylphenidate, cocaine, nikethamide, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, strychnine, mesocarb, salbutamol, formoterol, clenbuterol, metandienone, stanozolol, bisoprolol, propranolol, metoprolol, anastrazole, clomiphene, exemestane, dexamethasone, budesonide, selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) S4 (andarine), SARM S1, hydrochlorothiazide). Generally, only qualitative result interpretation was focussed upon, but for target analytes with deuterium-labelled internal standards (salbutamol, clenbuterol, cocaine, dexamethasone, THC-COOH and THC) quantitative analysis was also possible. Especially the most challenging analytes, THC and its carboxy metabolite, were detected in DBS at relevant concentrations (<0.5 ng/mL) using targeted HCD experiments. The method was validated for the parameters: specificity, linearity (0-20 ng/mL), precision (<25%), recovery (mean 60%), limit of detection/quantification, ion suppression, stability and accuracy (80-120%). Six isotope-labelled analogues used as internal standards facilitate a quantitative result interpretation which is of utmost importance especially for in-competition drug sports testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
420
|
Dainty TC, Richmond ES, Davies I, Blackwell MP. Dried Blood Spot Bioanalysis: An Evaluation of Techniques and Opportunities for Reduction and Refinement in Mouse and Juvenile Rat Toxicokinetic Studies. Int J Toxicol 2012; 31:4-13. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581811429493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Toxicokinetic investigations are an essential component of nonclinical toxicology studies and generally rely on bioanalysis of plasma samples, which requires relatively large volumes of blood and, often, additional numbers of animals. Dried blood spot (DBS) analysis can substantially reduce the volume of blood needed and, therefore, presents a particular opportunity for reducing animal use in studies involving small animals; an approach consistent with industry objectives to reduce animal use and refine methods that are minimally invasive and improve animal welfare. Investigations using mice and juvenile rats indicate that implementation of DBS technology can reduce the number of animals used, and data are as good as those derived from whole blood in terms of AUC, drug-concentration-over-time curves, quantitation, accuracy, variability, and precision. These factors, and the improved data quality arising from less reliance on composite data, suggest that DBS analysis should be considered from the early stages of nonclinical development.
Collapse
|
421
|
Abstract
Serum N-glycan profiles for use as clinical biomarkers of disease(s) is of increasing scientific interest. Promising profiles have already been identified in several diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's, and diabetes. Venipuncture is routinely performed to collect the blood necessary for this type of analysis, but blood from a fingerstick placed on filter paper (known as dried blood spots (DBS)) is more advantageous. This sampling method is less invasive than "classical" blood drawing, can be performed conveniently at home, and avoids cumbersome shipping and storage procedures. Here, we present a procedure for N-glycan profiling of DBS samples consisting of reconstitution of DBS in N-glycan release buffer, protein denaturation, enzymatic N-glycan release and PGC Solid phase extraction (SPE) for purification. Samples are then analyzed using nanoHPLC-PGC-chip-TOF-MS to generate N-glycan profiles. Using this method, ~150 N-glycan structures can be monitored, originating from 44 N-glycan compositions that can be analyzed with good repeatability (the coefficient of variation (%CV) is ~20%). To assess the stability of the N-glycans during storage, DBS samples were stored at room temperature (RT) and -80 °C. No major differences in N-glycan composition could be observed. Moreover, upon comparison of the N-glycan profile of DBS with profiles obtained from serum, which is a classical matrix for N-glycan profiling, similar patterns were observed. The method facilitates large population studies for N-glycan profiling, and is especially advantageous for children and the elderly, who have limited blood supplies, as well as animal studies in small mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis. Davis, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne Miyamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Karen Kelly
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
422
|
Treiman DJ, Lu Y, Qi Y. New Approaches to Demographic Data Collection. CHINESE SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW 2012; 44:56. [PMID: 23844330 PMCID: PMC3704565 DOI: 10.2753/csa2162-0555440303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As population scientists have expanded the range of topics they study, increasingly considering the interrelationship between population phenomena and social, economic, and health conditions, they have expanded the kinds of data collected and have brought to bear new data collection techniques and procedures, often borrowed from other fields. These new approaches to demographic data collection are the concern of this essay. We consider three main topics: new developments in sampling procedures; new developments in fieldwork procedures; and new developments in the kind of information collected in demographic and social surveys. We conclude with some comments on data sharing in the social research community and a list of major Chinese surveys publicly available to researchers. Where possible we illustrate our points with Chinese examples.
Collapse
|
423
|
Lakshmy R, Mathur P, Gupta R, Shah B, Anand K, Mohan V, Desai NG, Mahanta J, Joshi PP, Thankappan KR. Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides from a dried blood spot in an Indian Council of Medical Research–World Health Organization multicentric survey on risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in India. J Clin Lipidol 2012; 6:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
424
|
Santos C, Reis A, dos Santos CV, Damas C, Silva MH, Viana MV, Ferraz ML, Carnauba D, El-Far F, Serra F, Diaz RS. The use of real-time PCR to detect hepatitis C virus RNA in dried blood spots from Brazilian patients infected chronically. J Virol Methods 2012; 179:17-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
425
|
Linabery AM, Slater ME, Spector LG, Olshan AF, Stork SK, Roesler MA, Reaman GH, Ross JA. Feasibility of neonatal dried blood spot retrieval amid evolving state policies (2009-2010): a Children's Oncology Group study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2011; 25:549-58. [PMID: 21980944 PMCID: PMC3664237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) are collected uniformly from US newborns to test for metabolic and other disorders. Because evidence exists for prenatal origins of some diseases, DBS may provide unique prenatal exposure records. Some states retain residual DBS and permit their use in aetiological studies. The primary study aim was to assess the feasibility of obtaining residual DBS from state newborn screening programmes for paediatric and adolescent cancer patients nationwide with parental/subject consent/assent. Families of leukaemia and lymphoma patients aged ≤21 years diagnosed from 1998 to 2007 at randomly selected Children's Oncology Group institutions across the US were questioned (n = 947). Parents/guardians and patients aged ≥18 years were asked to release DBS to investigators in spring 2009. DBS were then requested from states. Overall, 299 families (32%) released DBS. Consenting/assenting patients were born in 39 US states and 46 DBS were obtained from five states; 124 DBS were unobtainable because patients were born prior to dates of state retention. State policies are rapidly evolving and there is ongoing discussion regarding DBS storage and secondary research uses. Currently, population-based DBS studies can be conducted in a limited number of states; fortunately, many have large populations to provide reasonably sized paediatric subject groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Linabery
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Megan E. Slater
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Logan G. Spector
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan K. Stork
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Raymond Blank Children’s Hospital, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Michelle A. Roesler
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gregory H. Reaman
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Julie A. Ross
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
426
|
Gettler LT, McDade TW, Agustin SS, Kuzawa CW. Short-term changes in fathers' hormones during father-child play: impacts of paternal attitudes and experience. Horm Behav 2011; 60:599-606. [PMID: 21889939 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hormonal differences between fathers and non-fathers may reflect an effect of paternal care on hormones. However, few studies have evaluated the hormonal responses of fathers after interacting with their offspring. Here we report results of a 30-minute in-home experiment in which Filipino fathers played with their toddlers and consider whether paternal experience and men's perceptions of themselves as fathers affect hormonal changes. Fathers provided saliva and dried blood spot samples at baseline (B) and 30 (P30) and 60 (P60, saliva only) minutes after the interaction. We tested whether testosterone (T), cortisol (CORT), and prolactin (PRL) shifted after the intervention. In the total sample, T did not vary over the study period, while CORT declined from B to P30 and P60, and PRL also declined from B to P30. Fathers who spent more time in daily caregiving and men who thought their spouses evaluated them positively as parental caregivers experienced a larger decline in PRL (B to P30) compared to other fathers. First-time fathers also had larger declines in PRL compared to experienced fathers. Experienced fathers also showed a greater decline in CORT (B to P60) compared to first-time fathers. These results suggest that males' paternal experience and age of offspring affect hormonal responses to father-child play and that there is a psychobiological connection between men's perceptions of themselves as fathers and their hormonal responsivity to childcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee T Gettler
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
427
|
Thomas A, Geyer H, Guddat S, Schänzer W, Thevis M. Dried blood spots (DBS) for doping control analysis. Drug Test Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
| | - Hans Geyer
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
| | - Sven Guddat
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center for Preventive Doping Research; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
428
|
Use of conventional bioanalytical devices to automate DBS extractions in liquid-handling dispensing tips. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:2303-10. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Conventional liquid-handling devices were employed, along with an improved punching device, to semi-automate dried blood spot (DBS) extraction of alprazolam, α-hydroxyalprazolam and midazolam from human whole blood. Liquid-handling devices were used to add internal standard to the DBS cards and to extract the analytes from the DBS, in order to be analyzed by HPLC–MS/MS. Results: The technique was shown to be accurate (±12.0%) and precise (10.3%) across the dynamic range of the assay. Conclusion: The semi-automated extraction reduced sample preparation time by more than 50% when compared with more conventional DBS manual extraction methods.
Collapse
|
429
|
Nageswara Rao R, Satyanarayana Raju S, Mastan Vali R, Sarma VUM, Girija Sankar G. LC-ESI-MS/MS determination of paclitaxel on dried blood spots. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:616-21. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nageswara Rao
- Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - S. Satyanarayana Raju
- Organic Division-I; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - R. Mastan Vali
- Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - V. U. M. Sarma
- Organic Division-I; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500 607; India
| | - G. Girija Sankar
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Pharmacy; Andhra University; Visakhapatnam-530003; India
| |
Collapse
|
430
|
Garrett DA, Sangha JK, Kothari MT, Boyle D. Field-friendly techniques for assessment of biomarkers of nutrition for development. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:685S-90S. [PMID: 21677055 PMCID: PMC3142738 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.005751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas cost-effective interventions exist for the control of micronutrient malnutrition (MN), in low-resource settings field-friendly tools to assess the effect of these interventions are underutilized or not readily available where they are most needed. Conventional approaches for MN measurement are expensive and require relatively sophisticated laboratory instrumentation, skilled technicians, good infrastructure, and reliable sources of clean water and electricity. Consequently, there is a need to develop and introduce innovative tools that are appropriate for MN assessment in low-resource settings. These diagnostics should be cost-effective, simple to perform, robust, accurate, and capable of being performed with basic laboratory equipment. Currently, such technologies either do not exist or have been applied to the assessment of a few micronutrients. In the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), a few such examples for which "biomarkers" of nutrition development have been assessed in low-resource settings using field-friendly approaches are hemoglobin (anemia), retinol-binding protein (vitamin A), and iron (transferrin receptor). In all of these examples, samples were collected mainly by nonmedical staff and analyses were conducted in the survey country by technicians from the local health or research facilities. This article provides information on how the DHS has been able to successfully adapt field-friendly techniques in challenging environments in population-based surveys for the assessment of micronutrient deficiencies. Special emphasis is placed on sample collection, processing, and testing in relation to the availability of local technology, resources, and capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Garrett
- Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
431
|
Mihalopoulos NL, Phillips TM, Slater H, Thomson JA, Varner MW, Nanjee MN, Moyer-Mileur LJ. Validity and reliability of perinatal biomarkers of adiposity after storage as dried blood spots on paper. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:717-9. [PMID: 21735507 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate use of chip-based immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis on dried blood spot samples (DBSS) to measure obesity-related hormones. METHODS Chip-based immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis was used to measure adiponectin, leptin and insulin in capillary serum and DBSS in pregnant women and infant heelstick at birth and six weeks. Concordance of measurements was determined with Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS We report high concordance between results obtained from serum and DBSS. CONCLUSIONS Ease of sample collection and storage makes DBSS an optimal method for use in studies involving neonates and young children, as well as studies conducted in areas where freezer storage is not available.
Collapse
|
432
|
Direct analysis of dried blood spots coupled with mass spectrometry: concepts and biomedical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2485-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
433
|
Corso G, D'Apolito O, Garofalo D, Paglia G, Dello Russo A. Profiling of acylcarnitines and sterols from dried blood or plasma spot by atmospheric pressure thermal desorption chemical ionization (APTDCI) tandem mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:669-79. [PMID: 21683155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Free carnitine and acylcarnitines play an important role in the metabolism of fatty acids. Sterols are structural lipids found in the membranes of many eukaryotic cells, and they also have functional roles such as the regulation of membrane permeability and fluidity, activity of membrane-bound enzymes and signals transduction. Abnormal profiles of these compounds in biological fluids may be useful markers of metabolic changes. In this review, we describe the subset of the lipidome represented by acylcarnitines and sterols, and we summarize how these compounds have been analyzed in the past. Over the last 50years, lipid mass spectrometry (MS) has evolved to become one of the most useful techniques for metabolic analysis. Today, the introduction of new ambient ionization techniques coupled to MS (AMS), which are characterized by the direct desorbing/ionizing of molecules from solid samples, is generating new possibilities for in situ analysis. Recently, we developed an AMS approach called APTDCI to desorb/ionize using a heated gas flow and an electrical discharge to directly analyze sterols and indirectly investigate acylcarnitines in dried blood or plasma spot samples. Here, we also describe the APTDCI method and some of its clinical applications, and we underline the common complications and issues that remain to be resolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Corso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
434
|
Blackwell AD, Gurven MD, Sugiyama LS, Madimenos FC, Liebert MA, Martin MA, Kaplan HS, Snodgrass JJ. Evidence for a peak shift in a humoral response to helminths: age profiles of IgE in the Shuar of Ecuador, the Tsimane of Bolivia, and the U.S. NHANES. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1218. [PMID: 21738813 PMCID: PMC3125146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peak shift model predicts that the age-profile of a pathogen's prevalence depends upon its transmission rate, peaking earlier in populations with higher transmission and declining as partial immunity is acquired. Helminth infections are associated with increased immunoglobulin E (IgE), which may convey partial immunity and influence the peak shift. Although studies have noted peak shifts in helminths, corresponding peak shifts in total IgE have not been investigated, nor has the age-patterning been carefully examined across populations. We test for differences in the age-patterning of IgE between two South American forager-horticulturalist populations and the United States: the Tsimane of Bolivia (n=832), the Shuar of Ecuador (n=289), and the U.S. NHANES (n=8,336). We then examine the relationship between total IgE and helminth prevalences in the Tsimane. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Total IgE levels were assessed in serum and dried blood spots and age-patterns examined with non-linear regression models. Tsimane had the highest IgE (geometric mean =8,182 IU/ml), followed by Shuar (1,252 IU/ml), and NHANES (52 IU/ml). Consistent with predictions, higher population IgE was associated with steeper increases at early ages and earlier peaks: Tsimane IgE peaked at 7 years, Shuar at 10 years, and NHANES at 17 years. For Tsimane, the age-pattern was compared with fecal helminth prevalences. Overall, 57% had detectable eggs or larva, with hookworm (45.4%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (19.9%) the most prevalent. The peak in total IgE occurred around the peak in A. lumbricoides, which was associated with higher IgE in children <10, but with lower IgE in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The age-patterning suggests a peak shift in total IgE similar to that seen in helminth infections, particularly A. lumbricoides. This age-patterning may have implications for understanding the effects of helminths on other health outcomes, such as allergy, growth, and response to childhood vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Blackwell
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences, University of California-Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
435
|
Real time-PCR assay estimating the naive T-cell pool in whole blood and dried blood spot samples: Pilot study in young adults. J Immunol Methods 2011; 369:133-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
436
|
Melgaço JG, Pinto MA, Rocha AM, Freire M, Gaspar LP, Lima SMB, Cruz OG, Vitral CL. The use of dried blood spots for assessing antibody response to hepatitis A virus after natural infection and vaccination. J Med Virol 2011; 83:208-17. [PMID: 21181914 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During recent years, vaccination against hepatitis A has been implemented in several countries. It is expected that the increase in mass vaccination against hepatitis A will eventually result in a decreased prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in the general population. For this reason, a suitable clinical sample for diagnosis of hepatitis A must be sufficiently sensitive to enable detection of lower antibodies titers. In this study, the feasibility of using dried blood spots (DBS) was assessed for the detection of anti-HAV antibodies after a natural infection and vaccination. Seventy-four DBS and paired plasma samples were obtained from a group of college students for a cross-sectional hepatitis A seroepidemiological study. Forty-six students seronegative for anti-HAV were selected randomly and immunized with an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine using an 0-6 month schedule. Seroconversion was monitored in paired plasma and DBS samples 6 months after the first dose followed by a period of 8 and 24 months after the second dose. A strong correlation between OD/CO rates of paired plasma and DBS samples for the detection of anti-HAV was observed. The sensitivity and specificity of the DBS compared with plasma for the detection of anti-HAV antibodies after natural infection was 100%. The sensitivity of DBS in samples collected 24 months after the second dose of hepatitis A vaccine was 95.4%. The results showed that DBS samples can be used for the detection of anti-HAV antibodies both after natural infection or vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Melgaço
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology-Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
437
|
Abstract
In the past few years there has been a large increase in the reporting of the use of dried blood spots (DBS) in drug development. Most of these reports pertain to the technological improvements that have allowed for drug concentration measurements from microliter volumes of sample, issues concerning method development, and exploration of the technique, into other areas such as measurement of macromolecules and metabolite identification. One area that has received less attention and is the subject of this commentary concerns the pharmacokinetic issues that arise from using DBS as opposed to plasma, the mainstay matrix. Measurements of drug concentrations from either plasma or dbs are almost always the sum of bound and unbound drug, but it is the unbound drug in plasma (plasma water) that is the relevant driver of essentially all pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic events. Therefore, the critical assumption made is constancy in fraction unbound for plasma, and additionally for blood, constancy of hematocrit and blood cell affinity. Often these assumptions are reasonable and either matrix suffices, but not always. Then the value of one matrix over the other depends on the magnitude of the blood-to-plasma concentration ratio of drug, its clearance and the cause of the deviation from constancy. Additional considerations are the kinetics of distribution within blood and those arising when the objective is assessment or comparison of bioavailability. Most of these issues can be explored and addressed in vitro prior to the main drug development program.
Collapse
|
438
|
A powerful couple in the future of clinical biochemistry: in situ analysis of dried blood spots by ambient mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2011; 2:1883-91. [PMID: 21083496 DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1960s, dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper have been used in clinical applications. The first key milestone in the use of DBS was the screening of phenylketonuria and other inborn errors of metabolism using microbiological and enzymatic analytical methods. 20 years after its introduction, advanced mass spectrometers and new soft ionization techniques have permitted the coupling of liquid chromatography with MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) and since the 1990s, DBS analysis by LC-MS/MS expanded screening to many inborn errors of metabolism simultaneously. Recently, DBS-LC-MS/MS analysis has been used in other fields such as pharmacology, toxicology and forensic sciences. Today, new ambient ionization techniques, coupled to MS, directly desorb/ionize molecules from solid samples. This presents new opportunities for the in situ analysis of DBS. Most likely, ambient MS methods will be used to analyze DBS, increasing the clinical applications of MS within the next 10 years.
Collapse
|
439
|
Crimmins E, Kim JK, Vasunilashorn S. Biodemography: new approaches to understanding trends and differences in population health and mortality. Demography 2011; 47 Suppl:S41-64. [PMID: 21302421 DOI: 10.1353/dem.2010.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of biological information in large population surveys has expanded demographic analysis to clarify the meaning of observed trends and differences in population health and mortality. Levels of measured biological risk in the population were reduced in recent years largely because of the expanded use of prescription drugs. The increased use of antihypertensives and, to a lesser extent, lipid-lowering drugs was a likely cause of significant mortality reduction. Blacks and persons with lower educational attainment experience higher levels of biological risk factors, more diseases, and more frailty; these differences are the sources of higher mortality for these groups. Hispanics are less likely to have a higher prevalence of risk factors and diseases than the non-Hispanic population, providing further understanding of the "Hispanic paradox." Almost every examined indicator of biological risk, disease, and frailty is related to higher mortality, indicating how incorporation of this information provides a fuller understanding of the morbidity process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Crimmins
- Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
440
|
Abstract
Conclusion
For years, researchers and policymakers have attempted to focus attention on population aging by discussing the likely implications to individuals, governments, and society of the baby boom generation reaching old age. No longer can researchers and policymakers say that these are issues that will arise far into the future; the leading edge of the baby boom cohort—born in 1946—will turn age 65 next year. The future is upon us.
The implications of this change in age structure are tremendous, although we may not fully understand the impact for years to come. However, an incredibly rich research infrastructure is now in place that did not exist just 20 years ago. Drawing on this infrastructure, scientists of today and tomorrow will generate new knowledge that will allow us to more intelligently address the most pressing social and economic issues facing society, issues such as the ones examined in this special issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Schoeni
- Robert F. Schoeni, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
441
|
Blackwell AD, Snodgrass JJ, Madimenos FC, Sugiyama LS. Life history, immune function, and intestinal helminths: Trade-offs among immunoglobulin E, C-reactive protein, and growth in an Amazonian population. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 22:836-48. [PMID: 20865759 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infection with helminths is associated with shifts in host immunity, including increased production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and reduced inflammation. Given limited energy budgets, these shifts may involve changes in energy allocation toward competing demands. Here we test for potential trade-offs between growth, IgE, and the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS Dried blood spots and anthropometrics were collected from 162 Shuar forager-horticulturalists from a village in southeastern Ecuador. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure IgE and CRP. Relationships among IgE, CRP, and anthropometrics were examined in three groups: children aged 2-7 years (n = 63), children aged 8-15 (n = 61), and adults over age 18 (n = 37). RESULTS Geometric mean IgE was 1,196 IU ml⁻¹ while geometric mean CRP was 1.33 mg l⁻¹. In children, IgE and CRP were negatively correlated (r = -0.21, P = 0.02, df = 122). Controlling for fat stores and age, IgE was associated with lower stature in children (t = -2.04, P = 0.04, df = 109), and adults (t = -3.29, P < 0.01, df = 33). In children there was a significant interaction between age and CRP, such that in younger children CRP was associated with shorter stature, but in older children was associated with greater stature (t = 2.15, P = 0.04, df = 109). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that infection with helminths may have hidden costs associated with immunological changes, and that these costs may ultimately affect growth and other life history parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Blackwell
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-3210, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
442
|
Dowd JB, Aiello AE, Chyu L, Huang YY, McDade TW. Cytomegalovirus antibodies in dried blood spots: a minimally invasive method for assessing stress, immune function, and aging. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2011; 8:3. [PMID: 21232134 PMCID: PMC3031243 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-8-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prevalent herpesvirus with links to both stress and aging. This paper describes and validates a minimally invasive method for assessing antibodies against CMV in finger stick whole blood spot samples for use as an indirect marker of an aspect of cell-mediated immunity. Results Analysis of CMV in dried blood spot samples (DBS) was based on modifications of a commercially available protocol for quantifying CMV antibodies in serum or plasma. The method was evaluated through analysis of precision, reliability, linearity, and correlation between matched serum and DBS samples collected from 75 volunteers. Correlation between DBS and plasma values was linear and high (Pearson correlation R = .96), and precision, reliability, and linearity of the DBS assay were within acceptable ranges. Conclusions The validity of a DBS assay for CMV antibodies will enable its inclusion in population-based surveys and other studies collecting DBS samples in non-clinical settings, increasing scientific understanding of the interaction of social and biological stress and immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Dowd
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, CUNY School of Public Health, 425 E, 25th St,, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
443
|
Efficient Linking of Birth Certificate and Newborn Screening Databases for Laboratory Investigation of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Preterm Birth: Florida, 2008. Matern Child Health J 2011; 16:486-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-010-0740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
444
|
Chyu L, McDade TW, Adam EK. Measured blood pressure and hypertension among young adults: a comparison between two nationally representative samples. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2011; 57:184-199. [PMID: 22329087 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2011.614572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Measurement and distribution of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and related health risk factors in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) were compared with data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008. Sociodemographic patterns of blood pressure, prevalence of hypertension, and measurement characteristics in Add Health were also examined. Prevalence of hypertension (20.88%) in Add Health was significantly higher than that in NHANES (4.60%). This difference was only partially explained by body mass index and waist circumference and could reflect different measurement techniques, sample composition differences, or masked hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chyu
- Cells to Society: The Center on Social Disparities and Health, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
445
|
Shlosberg A, Rumbeiha WK, Lublin A, Kannan K. A database of avian blood spot examinations for exposure of wild birds to environmental toxicants: the DABSE biomonitoring project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:1547-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c0em00754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
446
|
Automated system for on-line desorption of dried blood spots applied to LC/MS/MS pharmacokinetic study of flurbiprofen and its metabolite. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:359-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
447
|
McDade TW, Lindau ST, Wroblewski K. Predictors of C-reactive protein in the national social life, health, and aging project. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2011; 66:129-36. [PMID: 20172904 PMCID: PMC3001750 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbq008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation plays an important role in many chronic degenerative diseases associated with aging, and social, economic, and behavioral factors that contribute to inflammation may lead to differential burdens of morbidity and mortality in later life. This study examines socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity as predictors of C-reactive protein (CRP) among older adults in the United States and considers the degree to which health behaviors, medical conditions and medication use, and psychosocial factors account for these associations. METHODS Multiple linear regression analysis of survey data for 1,580 participants, 57-85 years of age, in a population-based nationally representative sample of community-residing older adults in the United States. RESULTS Educational attainment, household wealth, and race/ethnicity were independently associated with CRP, with limited evidence for interactions with age. Health-related behaviors and usage of medications related to inflammation accounted for substantial proportions of these associations. DISCUSSION These results highlight the fundamental causes of inflammation among older adults and suggest pathways through which social disparities in inflammation may be reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
448
|
Crimmins EM, Vasunilashorn S. Links Between Biomarkers and Mortality. INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF ADULT MORTALITY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9996-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
449
|
Ewles MF, Turpin PE, Goodwin L, Bakes DM. Validation of a bioanalytical method for the quantification of a therapeutic peptide, ramoplanin, in human dried blood spots using LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:995-1002. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
450
|
Brindle E, Fujita M, Shofer J, O'Connor KA. Serum, plasma, and dried blood spot high-sensitivity C-reactive protein enzyme immunoassay for population research. J Immunol Methods 2010; 362:112-20. [PMID: 20850446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is used as a biomarker of morbidity and mortality risk in studies of population health, and is essential to interpretation of several micronutrient biomarkers. There is thus a need for a robust high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) measurement method for large-scale, non-clinical studies. We developed an efficient, inexpensive assay suitable for quantifying CRP across the physiological range using any blood specimen type. The ELISA uses readily available monoclonal antibodies to measure CRP in serum, plasma, or dried blood spots (DBS) made from venous or capillary blood. Assay performance was evaluated by standard methods, including comparison with a previously described assay. Effects of specimen type were tested by measuring CRP in 52 matched serum, plasma, and venous and capillary dried blood spot specimens. Long- and short-term CRP stability were evaluated. Assessments of assay limits of detection, linearity, recovery, imprecision, and concordance with an established method (Pearson correlation=0.988, n=20) demonstrated the validity of the new assay. CRP measurements in serum, plasma, and DBS had Pearson correlations from 0.974 to 0.995, n=52, but CRP in serum was on average 1.6 times (SD 0.37) higher than in DBS. CRP was stable in frozen serum for up to 34 months, but DBS CRP declined quickly with exposure to ambient temperatures, and across long-term storage at -20°C. This hsCRP assay is a robust and inexpensive tool designed for use in large-scale population health research. Our results indicate that DBS CRP is less stable than previously reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Brindle
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|