1
|
Fouhy LE, Lai CQ, Parnell LD, Tucker KL, Ordovás JM, Noel SE. Genome-wide association study of osteoporosis identifies genetic risk and interactions with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet and sugar-sweetened beverages in a Hispanic cohort of older adults. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:697-706. [PMID: 38484114 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and low bone mass can be debilitating and costly conditions if not acted on quickly. This disease is also difficult to diagnose as the symptoms develop unnoticed until fracture occurs. Therefore, gaining understanding of the genetic risk associated with these conditions could be beneficial for health-care professionals in early detection and prevention. The Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis (BPROS) study, an ancillary study to the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS), collected information regarding bone and bone health. All bone measurements were taken during regular BPROS visits using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The OP was defined as T-score ≤ -2.5 (≥2.5 SDs below peak bone mass). Dietary variables were collected at the second wave of the BPRHS via a food frequency questionnaire. We conducted genome-wide associations with bone outcomes, including BMD and OP for 978 participants. We also examined the interactions with dietary quality on the relationships between genotype and bone outcomes. We further tested if candidate genetic variants described in previous GWAS on OP and BMD contribute to OP risk in this population. Four variants were associated with OP: rs114829316 (IQ motif containing J gene), rs76603051, rs12214684 (melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 gene), and rs77303493 (Ras and Rab interactor 2 gene), and 2 variants were associated with BMD of lumbar spine (rs11855618, cingulin-like 1 gene) and hip (rs73480593, NTRK2), reaching the genome-wide significance threshold of P ≤ 5E-08. In a gene-diet interaction analysis, we found that 1 SNP showed a significant interaction with the overall Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and 7 SNPs with sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), a major contributor to the DASH score. This study identifies new genetic markers related to OP and BMD in older Hispanic adults. Additionally, we uncovered unique genetic markers that interact with dietary quality, specifically SSBs, in relation to bone health. These findings may be useful to guide early detection and preventative care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam E Fouhy
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- JM-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, USDA ARS, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- JM-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, USDA ARS, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabrina E Noel
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loh HH, Sukor N. Obstructive sleep apnea and vitamin D level: Has the dust settled? THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2024; 18:e13593. [PMID: 36746181 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea and vitamin D deficiency are associated with multiple complications with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the relationship between these two entities remains unclear, with clinical studies demonstrating contradictory results. This narrative review aims to present the current evidence and understanding of this relationship and discuss the possible mechanisms linking these two disease entities. Finally, we summarize and propose areas of opportunity for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huai Heng Loh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlela Sukor
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dos Santos LM, Ohe MN, Pallone SG, Nacaguma IO, Kunii IS, da Silva REC, Maeda SS, Vieira JGH, Lazaretti-Castro M. Levels of bioavailable, and free forms of 25(OH)D after supplementation with vitamin D 3 in primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocrine 2023; 80:183-190. [PMID: 36574149 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is the major metabolite for ascertaining vitamin D status, which circulates bound to a specific carrier (vitamin D-binding protein - VDBP). A portion that circulates unbound vary according to the VDBP genotype. This study evaluates the behavior of different forms of 25(OH)D, before and after supplementation with 14,000 IU of vitamin D3, weekly for 12 weeks, in individuals with primary hyperparathyroidism and controls. Fifty-six patients with active primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and 64 paired controls (CTRL), not taking vitamin D3 for the last three months, were enrolled. The genetic isotypes of VDBP were determined to calculate bioavailable and free 25(OH)D. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. There were no statistical differences in free, bioavailable, and total 25(OH)D levels between PHPT and CTRL groups at baseline. The distribution of VDBP haplotypes 1s/1s, 1f/1f, 1s/1f, 2/2, 1s/2, and 1f/2 was similar between groups. After supplementation, all three forms of 25(OH)D proportionally increased within each group, although the percentage increment was lower in the PHPT group (p < 0.05). Total 25(OH)D is better correlated with PTH in the PHPT group than bioavailable and free 25(OH)D (r = -0.41; p < 0.05). The concentrations of total, free, and bioavailable 25(OH)D were similar in both PHPT and CTRL groups, and all forms increased proportionally after supplementation, although this increment percentage was higher in the CTRL group, with a subsequent reduction of PTH and AP. Total 25(OH)D correlated better with PTH than other forms, suggesting no advantages in measuring free or bioavailable 25(OH)D in these situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Marcela Dos Santos
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Monique Nakayama Ohe
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sthefanie Giovanna Pallone
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ohki Nacaguma
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ilda Sizue Kunii
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Elen Costa da Silva
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Setsuo Maeda
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bouazza A, Tahar A, AitAbderrhmane S, Saidani M, Koceir EA. Modulation of cardiometabolic risk and CardioRenal syndrome by oral vitamin D 3 supplementation in Black and White Southern Sahara residents with chronic kidney disease Stage 3: focus on racial and ethnic disparities. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1243-1262. [PMID: 35930297 PMCID: PMC9359195 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2106244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies have shown that cholecalciferol supplementation (25OHD-S) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) improves kidney injury by reducing fibrosis-related vascular calcification and declining apoptosis-linked nephron damage. METHODS The oral 25OHD-S was evaluated in 60,000 IU/month/36 weeks versus in 2000 IU/d/24 weeks in CKD Stage 3 with serum 25OHD level < 20 ng/mL. The study was undertaken on 156 black subjects and 150 white subjects Southern Sahara (SS). All biomarkers of cardiometabolic (CMet) and cardiorenal (CRenal) syndrome, Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) profile, secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Troponin T (cTnT) and atherogenicity risk were assessed by biochemical methods. Estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by chronic CKD-EPI equation formula. Total serum vitamin D by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency alters in the same manner CMet, CRenal, and others biomarkers in both groups SS; however, these disorders are more acute in blacks compared to whites SS. Oral 25OHD-S a highlighted improvement of eGFR drop, SHPT decrease, decline proteinuria, and cardiac failure risk (NT-proBNP and cTnT) attenuation. Concomitantly, 25OHD-S normalizes Renin, Aldosterone, and Angiotensin System (RAAS) activity. Nevertheless, homocysteine and Lp (a) do not modulate by 25OHD-S. CONCLUSIONS The oral vitamin D3 supplementation, according the dose, and the treatment duration does not like in black-skinned people versus to white-skinned inhabitants, while the 02 groups are native to the same Saharan environment. It emerge that a high intermittent dose through an extensive supplementation (60,000 IU/36 weeks) was more effective in black subjects. At opposite, a lower dose during a short period supplementation is sufficient (2000 IU/24 weeks) in white subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bouazza
- Nutrition and Dietetics in Human Pathologies Post Graduate School, Bioenergetics, Intermediary Metabolism team, Biology and Organisms Physiology laboratory, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amina Tahar
- Nutrition and Dietetics in Human Pathologies Post Graduate School, Bioenergetics, Intermediary Metabolism team, Biology and Organisms Physiology laboratory, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Messaoud Saidani
- Clinical Nephrology Exploration Unit, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University Hospital Center of Beni Messous, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir
- Nutrition and Dietetics in Human Pathologies Post Graduate School, Bioenergetics, Intermediary Metabolism team, Biology and Organisms Physiology laboratory, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zoubiri H, Tahar A, AitAbderrhmane S, Saidani M, Koceir EA. Oral Cholecalciferol Supplementation in Sahara Black People with Chronic Kidney Disease Modulates Cytokine Storm, Oxidative Stress Damage and Athero-Thromboembolic Risk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112285. [PMID: 35684085 PMCID: PMC9182799 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) deficiency in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with immune system dysfunction (pro-inflammatory cytokines storm) through macrophages renal infiltration, oxidative stress (OxS) damage and athero-thromboembolic risk. Conversely, cholecalciferol supplementation (25OHD-S) prevents kidney fibrosis by inhibition of vascular calcification and nephrotic apoptosis (nephrons reduction). The objective of this study was to investigate the pleiotropic effects of 25OHD-S on immunomodulation, antioxidant status and in protecting against thromboembolic events in deficiency CKD Black and White individuals living in the Southern Sahara (SS). The oral 25OHD-S was evaluated in 60,000 IU/month/36 weeks versus in 2000 IU/day/24 weeks in Black (n = 156) and White (n = 150). Total serum vitamin D was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. All biomarkers of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC) were assessed by ELISA tests. OxS markers were assessed by Randox kits. Homocysteine and lipoproteine (a) were evaluated by biochemical methods as biomarkers of atherothromboembolic risk. All statistical analyses were performed with Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA. The Pearson test was used to calculate the correlation coefficient. The means will be significantly different at a level of p value < 0.05. Multiple logistic regressions were performed using Epi-info and Statview software. Vitamin D deficiency alters the PIC profile, OxS damage and atherothrombogenic biomarkers in both SS groups in the same manner; however, these disorders are more acute in Black compared to White SS individuals. The results showed that the serum 25OHD3 concentrations became normal (>75 nmol/L or >30 ng/mL) in the two groups. We have shown that the dose and duration of 25OHD-S treatment are not similar in Black SS residents compared to White SS subjects, whilst the same inhabit the south Sahara environment. It appears that a high dose intermittent over a long period (D60: 36 weeks) was more efficient in Black people; while a lower dose for a short time is sufficient (D2: 24 weeks) in their White counterparts. The oral 25OHD-S attenuates PIC overproduction and OxS damage, but does not reduce athero-thromboembolic risk, particularly in Black SS residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Zoubiri
- Laboratory of Biology and Organisms Physiology, Team of Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Nutrition and Dietetics in Human Pathologies Post Graduate School, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16123, Algeria; (H.Z.); (A.T.)
- Biology and Physiology Laboratory, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Kouba, Algiers 16308, Algeria
| | - Amina Tahar
- Laboratory of Biology and Organisms Physiology, Team of Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Nutrition and Dietetics in Human Pathologies Post Graduate School, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16123, Algeria; (H.Z.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Messaoud Saidani
- Clinical Nephrology Exploration Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University Hospital Center of Beni Messous, Algiers 16014, Algeria;
| | - Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir
- Laboratory of Biology and Organisms Physiology, Team of Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Nutrition and Dietetics in Human Pathologies Post Graduate School, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16123, Algeria; (H.Z.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +213-6-66-74-27-70; Fax: +213-(0)21-24-72-17
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, Delanghe JR. Genetic polymorphisms, vitamin D binding protein and vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:2004638. [PMID: 33542051 PMCID: PMC7861048 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04638-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
With interest, we read the paper of Faniyi et al . [1], which investigated the relationship between vitamin D status and seroconversion for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in UK healthcare workers. More specifically, vitamin D deficiency was an independent risk factor for the development of COVID-19 seroconversion, with the biggest differences seen in the Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) male group. Although several comorbidities were taken into account, we would like to highlight the importance of vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and its polymorphism in the interpretation of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in the BAME population with COVID-19. Besides adiposity and skin pigmentation, different DBP polymorphisms could also partly influence the low 25(OH)D concentrations in the BAME group with COVID-19 https://bit.ly/3bIQRsm
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Dept of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Reinhart Speeckaert
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
- Dept of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bouillon R, Marcocci C, Carmeliet G, Bikle D, White JH, Dawson-Hughes B, Lips P, Munns CF, Lazaretti-Castro M, Giustina A, Bilezikian J. Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1109-1151. [PMID: 30321335 PMCID: PMC6626501 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of endemic rickets was discovered a century ago. Vitamin D is the precursor of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and other metabolites, including 1,25(OH)2D, the ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The effects of the vitamin D endocrine system on bone and its growth plate are primarily indirect and mediated by its effect on intestinal calcium transport and serum calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Rickets and osteomalacia can be prevented by daily supplements of 400 IU of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) accelerates bone turnover, bone loss, and osteoporotic fractures. These risks can be reduced by 800 IU of vitamin D together with an appropriate calcium intake, given to institutionalized or vitamin D-deficient elderly subjects. VDR and vitamin D metabolic enzymes are widely expressed. Numerous genetic, molecular, cellular, and animal studies strongly suggest that vitamin D signaling has many extraskeletal effects. These include regulation of cell proliferation, immune and muscle function, skin differentiation, and reproduction, as well as vascular and metabolic properties. From observational studies in human subjects, poor vitamin D status is associated with nearly all diseases predicted by these extraskeletal actions. Results of randomized controlled trials and Mendelian randomization studies are supportive of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the incidence of some diseases, but, globally, conclusions are mixed. These findings point to a need for continued ongoing and future basic and clinical studies to better define whether vitamin D status can be optimized to improve many aspects of human health. Vitamin D deficiency enhances the risk of osteoporotic fractures and is associated with many diseases. We review what is established and what is plausible regarding the health effects of vitamin D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bikle
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John H White
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Craig F Munns
- Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Chair of Endocrinology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - John Bilezikian
- Department of Endocrinology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Melamed ML, Chonchol M, Gutiérrez OM, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kendrick J, Norris K, Scialla JJ, Thadhani R. The Role of Vitamin D in CKD Stages 3 to 4: Report of a Scientific Workshop Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 72:834-845. [PMID: 30297082 PMCID: PMC6615058 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4 and is associated with poor outcomes. However, the evaluation and management of vitamin D deficiency in nephrology remains controversial. This article reports on the proceedings from a "controversies conference" on vitamin D in chronic kidney disease that was sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. The report outlines the deliberations of the 3 work groups that participated in the conference. Until newer measurement methods are widely used, the panel agreed that clinicians should classify 25(OH)D "adequacy" as concentrations > 20ng/mL without evidence of counter-regulatory hormone activity (ie, elevated parathyroid hormone). The panel also agreed that 25(OH)D concentrations < 15ng/mL should be treated irrespective of parathyroid hormone level. Patients with 25(OH)D concentrations between 15 and 20ng/mL may not require treatment if there is no evidence of counter-regulatory hormone activity. The panel agreed that nutritional vitamin D (cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, or calcifediol) should be supplemented before giving activated vitamin D compounds. The compounds need further study evaluating important outcomes that observational studies have linked to low 25(OH)D levels, such as progression to end-stage kidney disease, infections, fracture rates, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. We urge further research funding in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal L Melamed
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY.
| | | | | | | | | | - Keith Norris
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Ravi Thadhani
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Norris KC, Olabisi O, Barnett ME, Meng YX, Martins D, Obialo C, Lee JE, Nicholas SB. The Role of Vitamin D and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2701. [PMID: 30513574 PMCID: PMC6313656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major non-communicable disease associated with high rates of premature morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (deficiency of 25(OH)D or 25D) is greater in racial/ethnic minorities and in patients with CKD than the general population. Low 25D is associated with bone and mineral disorders as well as immune, cardiometabolic and cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Thus, it has been suggested that low 25D contributes to the poor outcomes in patients with CKD. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D rises progressively with advancing severity of kidney disease with over 30% of patients with CKD stage 3 and 70% patients with CKD stage 5 estimated to have low levels of 25D. This report describes several of the abnormal physiologic and counter-regulatory actions related to low 25D in CKD such as those in oxidative stress and inflammatory systems, and some of the preclinical and clinical evidence, or lack thereof, of normalizing serum 25D levels to improve outcomes in patients with CKD, and especially for the high risk subset of racial/ethnic minorities who suffer from higher rates of advanced CKD and hypovitaminosis D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith C Norris
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
| | - Opeyemi Olabisi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA.
| | - M Edwina Barnett
- RCMI Translational Research Network Data Coordinating Center, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Yuan-Xiang Meng
- Department of Family Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
| | - David Martins
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
| | - Chamberlain Obialo
- Department of Family Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA.
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- RCMI Translational Research Network Data Coordinating Center, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Susanne B Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Norris KC, Edwina Barnett M, Meng YX, Martins D, Nicholas SB, Gibbons GH, Lee JE. Rationale and design of a placebo controlled randomized trial to assess short term, high-dose oral cholecalciferol on select laboratory and genomic responses in African Americans with hypovitaminosis D. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 72:20-25. [PMID: 30012355 PMCID: PMC6133748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and related disorders remain a leading cause of health disparities and premature death for African Americans. Hypovitaminosis D is disproportionately prevalent in African Americans and has been linked to CVD and CVD risk factors including hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Thus, hypovitaminosis D may represent a common pathway influencing CV risk factors in a select subgroup of persons. The purpose of this paper is to report the study design of a prospective eight week prospective double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial (n = 330 allocated 2:1 to intervention vs. control) to assess the effect of placebo vs. high-dose oral cholecalciferol (100,000 IU vitamin D3 at baseline and week 2) on 6-week change of select biologic cardiometabolic risk factors (including parathyroid hormone to assess biologic activity, pro-inflammatory/pro-thrombotic/fibrotic markers, insulin sensitivity and vitamin D metabolites) and their relationship to vitamin D administration and modification by vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in overweight, hypertensive African Americans with hypovitaminosis D. Findings from this trial will present insights into potential causal links between vitamin D repletion and mechanistic pathways of CV disease, including established and novel genomic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith C Norris
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - David Martins
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Gary H Gibbons
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD. USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chan YH, Yiu KH, Hai JJ, Chan PH, Lam TH, Cowling BJ, Sham PC, Lau CP, Lam KSL, Siu CW, Tse HF. Genetically deprived vitamin D exposure predisposes to atrial fibrillation. Europace 2018; 19:iv25-iv31. [PMID: 29220424 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Low vitamin D level is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and may be implicated in its pathogenesis. Methods and results We studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of vitamin D mechanistic pathways and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in an age- and gender-matched case-control study (controls without AF: mean age 68.6 ± 8.7 years, female 25%; n = 1019; with AF: mean age 69.7 ± 9.5 years, female 30%; n = 156) recruited from a Chinese clinical cohort of patients with stable coronary artery disease. Twelve SNPs involved in the vitamin D mechanistic pathways were studied [biosynthetic: rs4646536, rs10877012, rs3829251, rs1790349; activation: rs2060793, rs1993116; vitamin D-binding protein (VBP)/group-specific component (GC): rs4588, rs7041, rs2282679, rs1155563; and vitamin D receptor: rs1544410, rs10735810]. A genetic risk score (GRS) (0-8) was constructed from SNPs associated with serum 25(OH)D as a proxy to lifelong vitamin D-deficient state. All 4 SNPs involved in the VBP/GC were significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D (rs4588, P < 0.001; rs2282679, P < 0.001; rs7041, P = 0.011; rs1155563, P < 0.001; all other SNPs, P > 0.05). Vitamin D GRS (points 0-8) generated from these 4 SNPs was independently predictive of serum 25(OH)D [B = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.79; P < 0.001]. Genetically deprived vitamin D status as denoted by a low GRS (0-3) independently predicted an increased risk of AF, compared to a high GRS (4-8) (odds ratio = 1.848, 95% CI 1.217-2.805; P = 0.004). Conclusion Genetically deprived vitamin D exposure predisposes to increased AF among patients with coronary artery disease. Whether VBP/GC may alter the risk of AF via alternative mechanisms warrants further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yap-Hang Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jo Jo Hai
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak-Hei Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tai-Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ben J Cowling
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak-Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chu-Pak Lau
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karen Siu-Ling Lam
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chung-Wah Siu
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schramm S, Lahner H, Jöckel KH, Erbel R, Führer D, Moebus S. Impact of season and different vitamin D thresholds on prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in epidemiological cohorts-a note of caution. Endocrine 2017; 56:658-666. [PMID: 28417313 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the impact of different cut-offs on the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] deficiency. METHODS We used baseline data of 4149 participants (45-75 years, 50% women) of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. Serum 25-(OH)D was measured with the Roche Cobas assay. Quartiles (p25, p50, and p75) were calculated. Data were stratified by months, sex, and age. According to the recommendations of 'Dachverband Osteologie', Endocrine Society and National Institute of Health we used 25-(OH)D thresholds of 12, 20, and 30 ng/ml to estimate vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS Overall the median of 25-(OH)D was 19.8 ng/ml (p25 = 14.4 ng/ml, p75 = 26.6 ng/ml), with highest concentrations in July (p50 = 23.8 ng/ml, p25 = 18.2 ng/ml, and p75 = 31.2 ng/ml) and lowest in March (p50 = 15.8 ng/ml, p25 = 11.5 ng/ml, and p75 = 20.6 ng/ml). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rose from 16, 51 up to 83% using the cut-offs of <12, <20 ng/ml, and <30 ng/ml, respectively. With respect to seasonal variance, prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rose to 92% in February/March using the cut-off <30 ng/ml (<12: 28%, <20 ng/ml: 71%) whereas in June/July prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased to 71% (<12: 6%, <20 ng/ml: 30%). The chance to attest the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency for cut-off 12 ng/ml in March is 6.4-fold higher than in June, for cut-off 20 ng/ml, 5.5-fold higher and for cut-off 30 ng/ml, 3.1-fold higher. CONCLUSIONS Guidelines to define vitamin D deficiency revealed extremely different prevalence rates ranging between 6 and 92%. Accounting for collection time and antecedent sun exposure are important to reduce bias in research studies and improve decision-making in clinical care. Vitamin D thresholds have to be rethought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schramm
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Harald Lahner
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Clinic of Cardiology, West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bertisch SM, Sillau S, de Boer IH, Szklo M, Redline S. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Sleep Duration and Continuity: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Sleep 2015; 38:1305-11. [PMID: 25669179 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration with sleep continuity, quality, and symptoms, and to explore race/ethnic variation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). PARTICIPANTS There were 1,721 adults. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sleep outcomes were measured by polysomnography, actigraphy, and questionnaires. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was expressed by clinical thresholds (< 20, 20-29, ≥ 30 ng/mL) and continuously. Using linear regression, we determined the associations between 25(OH)D concentration and sleep duration, efficiency, and symptoms, and assessed race/ethnic variation. Mean age was 68.2 ± 9.1 y, and 37.2% were white, 27.7% African American, 11.9% Chinese Americans, and 23.2% Hispanic. Mean 25(OH)D concentration was 25.4 ± 10.5 ng/mL. 25(OH)D deficient participants had the shortest sleep duration, lowest sleep efficiency, and highest sleepiness scores. After adjusting for demographics, obesity, and health habits, deficient individuals slept an average of 13.0 min (95% confidence interval, -22.8, -3.2) shorter than sufficient individuals. Race/ethnic-stratified analyses indicated that the strongest associations were in African Americans, in whom adjusted sleep duration was 25.6 ± 11.7 min shorter in deficient versus sufficient individuals (P = 0.04), and in Chinese Americans, adjusted apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 7.5 ± 3.3 events/h higher in deficient versus sufficient individuals. CONCLUSION Overall, there were modest associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and sleep traits. However, race-stratified analyses suggested the association between 25(OH)D concentration and sleep traits varied by race/ethnicity. Vitamin D deficiency was most strongly associated with short sleep duration in African Americans and with elevated apnea-hypopnea index in Chinese Americans, suggesting that race/ethnicity may modify these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Bertisch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stefan Sillau
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Moyses Szklo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee MT, Licursi M, McMahon DJ. Vitamin D deficiency and acute vaso-occlusive complications in children with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:643-7. [PMID: 25641631 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is increasingly recognized for its roles in non-skeletal disorders. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency but data are limited with respect to possible associations between low vitamin D and acute vaso-occlusive complications. We examined whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with acute pain and acute chest syndrome (ACS) in children with SCD. PROCEDURE A cross-sectional study was conducted in 95 children with SCD who had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) measured during comprehensive care examinations. History of acute pain and ACS within two years of obtaining 25-OHD was collected. Associations between 25-OHD levels and acute vaso-occlusive events were analyzed by logistic regression. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the risk of pain and ACS associated with vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD <20 ng/ml). RESULTS Subjects were 3-20 years old (median 10.6); 48 males, 47 females; 46 African, 49 Hispanic; 72 SS, 20 SC, 1 S/β(0) Thalassemia, and 2 S/β(+) Thalassemia. Median 25-OHD was 16 ng/ml. Fifty-six (59%) were vitamin D-deficient. Thirty-one (33%) and 29 (31%) had at least one episode of pain and ACS, respectively. Serum 25-OHD was significantly associated with pain (P = 0.0121) but not with ACS (P = 0.628). Of those with pain, 73% (23/31) were vitamin D-deficient while 26% (8/31) had 25-OHD ≥20 ng/ml (P = 0.04, OR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.05-6.94). CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its potential association with acute pain in SCD. Correcting low vitamin D may offer a simple, low-cost intervention to help reduce acute vaso-occlusive complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret T Lee
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xiao JP, Zang J, Pei JJ, Xu F, Zhu Y, Liao XP. Low maternal vitamin D status during the second trimester of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Wuxi, China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117748. [PMID: 25659105 PMCID: PMC4320063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant women, but an optimal serum vitamin D level during pregnancy has not been determined and remains an area of active research. Vitamin D data from large populations of pregnant Chinese women are still limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the vitamin D status of women in Eastern China during the second trimester of pregnancy. METHODS A hospital-based, cross-sectional, observational study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration was measured in samples from 5823 pregnant women in Wuxi City, China (latitude: 31.5o N), from January 2011 to June 2012. RESULTS The median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 34.0 nmol/L [2.5 nmol/L 25(OH)D = 1 ng/mL 25(OH)D]. Vitamin D deficiency [defined as 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L according to the Institute of Medicine (National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA)] or inadequacy [25(OH)D of 30-49.9 nmol/L] was identified in 40.7% and 38.0% of the women, respectively. Only 0.9% had a 25(OH)D level ≥ 80.0 nmol/L, which is the concentration recommended as adequate by the Endocrine Society (Washington, D.C., USA). Compared with older women, younger women were more likely to be deficient in vitamin D. There were significant differences in the 25(OH)D levels according to season. The 25(OH)D levels reached peak values in September and were correlated with (r = 0.337, P < 0.001), and fluctuated with, average monthly air temperatures. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant Chinese women, and 25(OH)D levels varied according to season and air temperature. The results of this study also suggest that currently there is a big gap between the levels of Vitamin D detected in pregnant Chinese women and the levels recommended by the Endocrine Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Perinatal Biology Center, Soochow University School of Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zang
- Central Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Jing Pei
- Department of Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Central Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Peng Liao
- Department of Newborn, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sherbrooke University Hospital Center, Sherbrooke, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tornhammar P, Ueda P, Hult M, Simila H, Eyles D, Norman M. Season of birth, neonatal vitamin D status, and cardiovascular disease risk at 35 y of age: a cohort study from Sweden. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:472-8. [PMID: 24401716 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.072520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower vitamin D status during gestation may be associated with cardiovascular disease risk later in life. No studies have assessed this hypothesis with a follow-up time reaching beyond childhood. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the link between season of birth, neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ [25(OH)D₃] status, and adult cardiovascular disease risk. DESIGN Markers of cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk were measured in 284 subjects aged 35 y, born either at the end of the winter or at the end of the summer of 1975. In 275 of these 284 subjects, concentrations of neonatal 25(OH)D₃ were measured in dried blood samples by using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy method. RESULTS Subjects born after the winter had lower neonatal 25(OH)D₃ concentrations than did those born after the summer (31.5 compared with 48.5 nmol/L; P < 0.001). In regression analyses adjusted for sex, season of birth, postnatal age at neonatal sample collection, preterm birth, maternal age, education, smoking, fish consumption per week, exercise per week, and current 25-hydroxyvitamin D, higher neonatal 25(OH)D₃ (per 50 nmol/L) was associated with 25.8% (95% CI: 1.0%, 58.4%) higher fasting insulin in adult life, 29.6% (5.1%, 58.4%) higher triglycerides, and 4.64 (95% CI: 1.93, 7.36) mmol/L higher serum cholesterol in women. Neonatal 25(OH)D₃ (per 1 nmol/L) was directly associated with risk of adult overweight (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.05) and with adult obesity in women (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.17). Neonatal 25(OH)D₃ was not associated with adult aortic pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL, LDL, or C-reactive protein. Season of birth was not associated with any of the adult outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Higher neonatal 25(OH)D₃ was associated with higher fasting insulin, triglyceride, and cholesterol (in women) concentrations and with a higher risk of overweight at 35 y of age but not with other adult cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Tornhammar
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (PU); the Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (PT, MH, and MN); and the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (HS and DE)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
O'Connor MY, Thoreson CK, Ramsey NLM, Ricks M, Sumner AE. The uncertain significance of low vitamin D levels in African descent populations: a review of the bone and cardiometabolic literature. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 56:261-9. [PMID: 24267433 PMCID: PMC3894250 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D levels in people of African descent are often described as inadequate or deficient. Whether low vitamin D levels in people of African descent lead to compromised bone or cardiometabolic health is unknown. Clarity on this issue is essential because if clinically significant vitamin D deficiency is present, vitamin D supplementation is necessary. However, if vitamin D is metabolically sufficient, vitamin D supplementation could be wasteful of scarce resources and even harmful. In this review vitamin D physiology is described with a focus on issues specific to populations of African descent such as the influence of melanin on endogenous vitamin D production and lactose intolerance on the willingness of people to ingest vitamin D fortified foods. Then data on the relationship of vitamin D to bone and cardiometabolic health in people of African descent are evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y O'Connor
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|