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Li A, Wang F, Wu Y, Gao J, Li B, Sheng H, Ma J, Liao XP. Variation in vitamin D status in infants and children: a two-year cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:534. [PMID: 37884926 PMCID: PMC10601180 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a public health problem. The variation in vitamin D status across regions and populations remains unclear, and there is a lack of consensus regarding the screening for VDD in individuals. METHODS Children who visited the hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were included in this study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cutoffs for serum 25(OH)D concentrations to define deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency were < 20 ng/mL, 20-30 ng/mL, and ≥ 30 ng/mL, respectively. RESULTS A total of 7285 children aged 0-11 years were assessed; the mean 25(OH)D level was 31.4 ng/mL, and the median 25(OH)D level was 30.7 (interquartile range 24.4, 37.5) ng/mL. The 25(OH)D level declined with age in clinical visiting children aged 0-11 years, but maintained a consistently high level in health examination children aged 4-11 years. The percentages of 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL and 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL were 10.0% and 43.8%, respectively. Higher percentages of VDD were found in clinical visiting children than in health examination children within the 6-11-year group (53.3% vs. 14.7%) and winter (44.3% vs. 15.4%). CONCLUSION Low vitamin D status (deficiency and insufficiency) was more common in clinic-visiting children than in health examinations, especially in schoolchildren and in the winter. The study implies the positive effects of vitamin D assessments included in child health checkups to optimize vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangfang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Center for Community Health Care, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiang-Peng Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Lin TC, Chu CN, Chiou YR, Tsai WN, Liao XP, Su MH, Lin CW, Liang JA. Designing Patient-Centered Health Education Materials for Radiation Dermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study and Single-Center Clinical Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e408. [PMID: 37785354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) For breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy (RT), radiation dermatitis is the most commonly experienced discomfort. However, patients usually do not participate in the design of health education materials regarding radiation dermatitis. We designed a pilot study to investigate the unmet need of breast cancer patients who would be receiving RT at our department and created a patient-centered educational video. We initiated a single-arm clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the video in improving patient and their family's knowledge of radiation dermatitis, alleviating their anxiety, and helping patients improve self-care skills during RT course. MATERIALS/METHODS The pilot study was executed in a radiation oncology department of a tertiary medical center in Taiwan. We designed a questionnaire to explore new breast cancer patients' idea of a comprehensive pre-RT health education. Enrolled patients would fill out an electronic questionnaire during their first visit at our outpatient clinic. They were asked to select at most two of the following items they considered most important for pre-RT health education: (1) The mechanism behind RT; (2) Self-care skills for irradiated skin; (3) Activities to be avoided during RT course; (4) The toxicity grading of radiation dermatitis. Given the above information, we created a 4-minute video set in a clinical scenario of a patient receiving pre-RT health education from a nurse. A single-arm clinical trial (IRB approval number: CMUH111-REC2-121) is currently recruiting. The video was launched on YouTube (Link: https://youtu.be/O1uTXpS_ed0) to give patients easy access to the video. Enrolled patients would complete Skindex-16 survey (translated into Chinese) at 3 timepoints: during their first visit at our clinic, in the middle of RT course, and at the first post-RT follow-up visit. Cronbach's alpha test was applied to determine the internal consistency of the questionnaires. RESULTS The pilot study included 19 patients with an average age of 46.6 (range: 34 to 69) years old. All patients' primary language was Chinese Mandarin. Most patients (84%) received at least secondary education. We found by surprise that RTOG skin toxicity grading was considered very important for most patients (79%), while less than half (42%) found the mechanism behind RT important. The internal validity of the Chinese version of Skindex-16 was good (Cronbach's alpha score = 0.87). For the recruiting trial, we have enrolled 10 patients and planned to close the trial upon enrolling 50 participants. The study result should be available before August 2023. CONCLUSION We suggest to actively involve patients in designing health education materials for patient-centered care. Toxicity grading of radiation dermatitis should be included in pre-RT health education for breast cancer patients. Whether the educational video helps reduce patients' anxiety and the incidence of severe radiation dermatitis will soon be answered by our ongoing clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Lin
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C N Chu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y R Chiou
- China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W N Tsai
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - X P Liao
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M H Su
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C W Lin
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J A Liang
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liao XP, Yu Y, Marc I, Dubois L, Abdelouahab N, Bouchard L, Wu YT, Ouyang F, Huang HF, Fraser WD. Prenatal determinants of childhood obesity: a review of risk factors 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:147-154. [PMID: 30661367 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a predictor of adult obesity and has its roots in the pre-pregnancy or pregnancy period. This review presents an overview of the prenatal risk factors for childhood obesity, which were categorized into 2 groups: biological risk factors (maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, diabetes in pregnancy, and caesarean section), and environmental and behavioural risk factors (maternal smoking and exposure to obesogens, maternal dietary patterns, maternal intestinal microbiome and antibiotics exposure, and maternal psychosocial stress). Identifying modifiable predisposing prenatal factors for obesity will inform further development of inventions to prevent obesity over the life course, and future directions for research and intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Peng Liao
- a Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,b Centre de recherche de Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yamei Yu
- c School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Isabelle Marc
- d Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Lise Dubois
- c School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Nadia Abdelouahab
- b Centre de recherche de Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- e Department of Medical Biology, CIUSSS-SLSJ, Université de Sherbrooke, Saguenay, QC G7H 7K9, Canada
| | - Yan-Ting Wu
- f International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,g Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- h Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Feng Huang
- f International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,g Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - William D Fraser
- b Centre de recherche de Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Xiao JP, Lv JX, Yin YX, Jiang L, Li WS, Tao T, Liao XP, Xu ZC. Lower maternal and fetal vitamin D status and higher placental and umbilical vitamin D receptor expression in preeclamptic pregnancies. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2017; 10:10841-10851. [PMID: 31966427 PMCID: PMC6965872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore associations between maternal and fetal vitamin D status in preeclamptic pregnancies. METHODS A case-control experiment was carried out with proportion ratio of 1:1 (controls: n = 60 vs cases: n = 60). Blood collection of both maternal and cord were performed before and during delivery, respectively, and 25(OH)D measurement was conducted. Difference analysis was performed according to returned data. Immunohistochemical analysis, together with semi-quantitative Western blot, was also performed to determine protein expression of vitamin D receptor in placenta and cord tissues of ESPE. RESULTS Mean ± SD values of maternal 25(OH)D in control and PE group were 38.06 ± 6.28 and 33.05 ± 4.10, respectively, and significant differences with P < 0.0001 were found between control and PE in both continuous and categorical variables, especially in ESPE subtype (32.96 ± 4.49). The deficiency category (< 30 nmol/L) showed increased odds of PE (OR, 2.83, 95% CI, 1.32-6.08) in both maternal 25(OH)D and cord 25(OH)D in multivariable logistic regression. Semi-quantitative analysis showed that expression of placenta VDR in the ESPE subgroup was significantly higher than that in control group with P < 0.001, while expression of umbilical vein VDR in ESPE subgroup was significantly higher than that in control group with P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS The present study finds that lowest maternal and fetal vitamin D status in ESPE existed in the preeclampsia subsets. The VDR expression in placenta and fetus in ESPE were higher than that of normal pregnancy, which indicated that it might be related to placenta compensatory mechanism and is worthy of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Xiao
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Wuxi Maternity and Children Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi, China
| | - Juan-Xiu Lv
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi Maternity and Children Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Wuxi Maternity and Children Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi, China
| | - Xiang-Peng Liao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Wuxi Maternity and Children Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi, China
| | - Zhi-Ce Xu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, China
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Liao XP, Chipenda-Dansokho S, Lewin A, Wei SQ. Advanced neonatal medicine in China: a quantitative analysis of research productivity and impact factors. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:843-849. [PMID: 28277914 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1299127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize academic productivity of neonatal medicine in China and explore its relationship with health care workforce and activities. METHODS We retrospectively extracted data from national key clinical subspecialty proposals, and used accessible databases as Science Citation Index (SCI), PubMed, and National Natural Science Foundation of China. RESULTS Between 2008 and 2010, 61 newborn units at the most advanced level in 31 cities from 28 of 31 provincial districts in mainland China were included. Fifty-two national or international projects and 111 provincial projects were conducted. A total of 171 articles were listed in the SCI database; 23 patents were registered. There were 83 oral presentations in international conferences abroad. One national and 40 provincial government awards were received. Health workforce indexes, such as physicians with MD&PhD degrees, were significantly related to academic productivity. National or international projects (β = .285, p <.001; 95% CI = 0.179, 0.391) and the number of newborn beds (β = .005, p = .016; 95% CI = 0.001, 0.008) were two underlying factors to determine government awards (adjusted R2 = .426). The 10 main cities for neonatal medicine research were also listed. CONCLUSION In this study, we established the baseline information on neonatal medicine research in China, which could provide information for further practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Peng Liao
- a Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) Research Centre , Sherbrooke , Quebec , Canada.,b Department of Newborn , Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Jiangsu , China
| | - Selma Chipenda-Dansokho
- c Office of Education and Continuing Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine , Laval University , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
| | - Antoine Lewin
- a Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) Research Centre , Sherbrooke , Quebec , Canada
| | - Shu-Qin Wei
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
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Liao XP, Chipenda-Dansokho S, Lewin A, Abdelouahab N, Wei SQ. Advanced Neonatal Medicine in China: A National Baseline Database. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169970. [PMID: 28099450 PMCID: PMC5242436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous surveys of neonatal medicine in China have not collected comprehensive information on workforce, investment, health care practice, and disease expenditure. The goal of the present study was to develop a national database of neonatal care units and compare present outcomes data in conjunction with health care practices and costs. We summarized the above components by extracting data from the databases of the national key clinical subspecialty proposals issued by national health authority in China, as well as publicly accessible databases. Sixty-one newborn clinical units from provincial or ministerial hospitals at the highest level within local areas in mainland China, were included for the study. Data were gathered for three consecutive years (2008–2010) in 28 of 31 provincial districts in mainland China. Of the 61 newborn units in 2010, there were 4,948 beds (median = 62 [IQR 43–110]), 1,369 physicians (median = 22 [IQR 15–29]), 3,443 nurses (median = 52 [IQR 33–81]), and 170,159 inpatient discharges (median = 2,612 [IQR 1,436–3,804]). During 2008–2010, the median yearly investment for a single newborn unit was US$344,700 (IQR 166,100–585,800), median length of hospital stay for overall inpatient newborns 9.5 (IQR 8.2–10.8) days, median inpatient antimicrobial drug use rate 68.7% (IQR 49.8–87.0), and median nosocomial infection rate 3.2% (IQR1.7–5.4). For the common newborn diseases of pneumonia, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, and very low birth weight (<1,500 grams) infants, their lengths of hospital stay, daily costs, hospital costs, ratios of hospital cost to per-capita disposable income, and ratios of hospital cost to per-capita health expenditure, were all significantly different across regions (North China, Northeast China, East China, South Central China, Southwest China, and Northwest China). The survival rate of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants (Birth weight <1,000 grams) was 76.0% during 2008–2010 in the five hospitals where each unit had more than 20 admissions of ELBW infants in 2010; and the median hospital cost for a single hospital stay in ELBW infants was US$8,613 (IQR 8,153–9,216), which was 3.0 times (IQR 2.0–3.2) the average per-capita disposable income, or 63 times (IQR 40.3–72.1) the average per-capita health expenditure of local urban residents in 2011. Our national database provides baseline data on the status of advanced neonatal medicine in China, gathering valuable information for quality improvement, decision making, longitudinal studies and horizontal comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Peng Liao
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) Research Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Newborn, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Selma Chipenda-Dansokho
- Office of Education and Continuing Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Lewin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) Research Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadia Abdelouahab
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) Research Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shu-Qin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Xiao JP, Zang J, Pei JJ, Xu F, Zhu Y, Liao XP. Low maternal vitamin D status during the second trimester of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Wuxi, China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117748. [PMID: 25659105 PMCID: PMC4320063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant women, but an optimal serum vitamin D level during pregnancy has not been determined and remains an area of active research. Vitamin D data from large populations of pregnant Chinese women are still limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the vitamin D status of women in Eastern China during the second trimester of pregnancy. METHODS A hospital-based, cross-sectional, observational study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration was measured in samples from 5823 pregnant women in Wuxi City, China (latitude: 31.5o N), from January 2011 to June 2012. RESULTS The median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 34.0 nmol/L [2.5 nmol/L 25(OH)D = 1 ng/mL 25(OH)D]. Vitamin D deficiency [defined as 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L according to the Institute of Medicine (National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA)] or inadequacy [25(OH)D of 30-49.9 nmol/L] was identified in 40.7% and 38.0% of the women, respectively. Only 0.9% had a 25(OH)D level ≥ 80.0 nmol/L, which is the concentration recommended as adequate by the Endocrine Society (Washington, D.C., USA). Compared with older women, younger women were more likely to be deficient in vitamin D. There were significant differences in the 25(OH)D levels according to season. The 25(OH)D levels reached peak values in September and were correlated with (r = 0.337, P < 0.001), and fluctuated with, average monthly air temperatures. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among pregnant Chinese women, and 25(OH)D levels varied according to season and air temperature. The results of this study also suggest that currently there is a big gap between the levels of Vitamin D detected in pregnant Chinese women and the levels recommended by the Endocrine Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Perinatal Biology Center, Soochow University School of Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zang
- Central Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Jing Pei
- Department of Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Central Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Peng Liao
- Department of Newborn, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sherbrooke University Hospital Center, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Liao XP, Zhang WL, Yan CH, Zhou XJ, Wang P, Sun JH, Yu XD, Wu MQ. Reduced tibial speed of sound in Chinese infants at birth compared with Caucasian peers: the effects of race, gender, and vitamin D on fetal bone development. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:2003-11. [PMID: 20135096 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-1158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY This study compared bone status between Chinese and Caucasian infants at birth, showing that Chinese neonates have lower tibial speed of sound, which is influenced by gender, gestational age, season of birth, and maternal vitamin D status. The effects of these factors on fetal bone development were discussed. INTRODUCTION We compared the differences of speed of sound (SOS) accessed by quantitative ultrasound between Chinese and Caucasian infants at birth and explored the relationship between the concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and bone SOS in maternal-infant pairs. METHODS SOS for the tibial bone was measured at birth in 267 Chinese infants. We used the Z-scores for the direct comparisons which were available from the instrument based data of gender and age-matched Caucasian peers. The concentrations of serum 25(OH)D and bone SOS in 32 maternal-infant pairs were measured at birth in winters. RESULTS the Chinese infants had lower SOS demonstrated by the Z-scores. Significant differences of SOS and Z-scores were found between genders, gestational ages, birth weight, and seasons of birth. The differences of Z-scores negatively decreased with gestational age, suggesting that the bone status of Chinese infants lags behind that of the Caucasian infants during the last trimester of pregnancy in utero. The tibial SOS of infants born in winters was 2.0% higher than those born in summers after adjustment. The infant SOS correlated with maternal serum 25(OH)D (r = 0.399, P = 0.024) and infant serum 25(OH)D (r = 0.394, P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Chinese neonates have lower SOS which is influenced by gender, gestational age, season of birth, and maternal vitamin D status. It is inferred that, in pace with gestational age, race and gender effects on fetal bone development are modified by materno-fetal vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Liao
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Liao XP, Zhang WL, He J, Sun JH, Huang P. Bone measurements of infants in the first 3 months of life by quantitative ultrasound: the influence of gestational age, season, and postnatal age. Pediatr Radiol 2005; 35:847-53. [PMID: 15889246 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-005-1481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2004] [Revised: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a few quantitative ultrasound (QUS) studies of bone status for Chinese children. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical application and to investigate the bone status of neonates and young infants with QUS. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ultrasound bone sonometer was used to measure the bone speed of sound (SOS) of the tibia in 542 neonates within 3 months of birth. RESULTS At birth, no significant difference of SOS was found between boys and girls, but there was a significant difference of SOS between premature infants and full-term infants. The SOS in neonates born during spring and summer was significantly lower than those born during autumn and winter. There were significant correlations between SOS and gestational age, and between bone SOS and birth weight in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Multiple regression analysis found that gestational age and infant birth season were two important factors influencing SOS. During the first 3 months, there was no significant difference in SOS between sexes. The SOS of infants showed an inverse correlation with postnatal age, and the decrease of bone SOS with age in premature infants was more marked than in full-term infants. CONCLUSIONS QUS is suitable for evaluating bone status in infants with high precision. The study offers some basic data for neonates and young infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Peng Liao
- Division of Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 1665 Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Liu JG, Liao XP, Gong ZH, Qin BY. Methadone-induced desensitization of the delta-opioid receptor is mediated by uncoupling of receptor from G protein. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 374:301-8. [PMID: 10422772 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure of neuroblastoma x glioma (NG108-15) hybrid cells and rat mu-receptor-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to 10 microM morphine resulted in a compensatory and antagonist-precipitated increase in cAMP accumulation. However, incubation of these cells with 10 microM methadone during chronic exposure to morphine substantially prevented the actions of morphine. Chronic methadone treatment caused a pronounced reduction in agonist-stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgammaS to G proteins, but it did not produce significant down-regulation of delta-opioid receptors, whereas chronic morphine treatment failed to induce either uncoupling of delta-opioid receptors from G proteins or down-regulation of delta-opioid receptors. In contrast to chronic treatment with morphine alone, treatment of cells with morphine and methadone simultaneously resulted in a significant decrease in agonist-stimulated binding of [35S]GTPgammaS to G proteins. The action of methadone-mediated uncoupling of the receptor from the G protein was blocked by the nonselective protein kinase inhibitor [1-(5-isoqinolinesulfony)-2-methylpiprazine](H7), but not by the specific protein kinase C inhibitor, chelerythrine. The data demonstrate that methadone desensitizes the delta-opioid receptor by uncoupling the receptor from the G protein. In this way, methadone antagonizes the morphine-mediated adaptive sensitization and overshoot of adenylate cyclase. The functional desensitization of opioid receptors by methadone may explain why methadone is effective in the treatment of morphine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Liu
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China.
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Liu JG, Liao XP, Gong ZH, Qin BY. The difference between methadone and morphine in regulation of delta-opioid receptors underlies the antagonistic effect of methadone on morphine-mediated cellular actions. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 373:233-9. [PMID: 10414444 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the cellular and molecular basis for using methadone in substitution therapy for morphine addiction, the difference between methadone and morphine in causing desensitization of delta-opioid receptors was examined, and the effects of methadone pretreatment on opiate-induced inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation was studied. Methadone substantially attenuated the ability of [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE), morphine and methadone to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. Methadone was able to block the morphine-induced compensatory increase in intracellular cAMP levels and naloxone-precipitated cAMP overshoot after chronic exposure to morphine. The protein kinase inhibitor (1-5-isoquinolinesulfony)-2-methylpiperazine) (H7) could significantly block the chronic methadone treatment-induced loss of the ability of DADLE to inhibit adenylate cyclase. The protein kinase inhibitor chelerythrine was able to block the acute methadone treatment-induced loss of the ability of DADLE to inhibit adenylate cyclase. In contrast, morphine did not cause a substantial desensitization of the delta-opioid receptor. These results indicate that methadone is different from morphine in its regulation of the delta-opioid receptor. In addition, these results also indicate that the mechanisms of delta-opioid receptor desensitization induced by acute and chronic methadone treatment are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Liu
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China.
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Abstract
New Zealand rabbits were assigned randomly to three groups: sham operation, intestinal simple obstruction, and strangulation obstruction. To relate possible changes in the body fluid content of biochemical markers to the strangulation process, subsequent samples of blood and peritoneal fluid, for the determination of levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactic acid (LA), xanthine oxidase (XO), and inorganic phosphate (IP), were obtained at 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-hour intervals, and intestinal histological specimens were graded blindly. Significant increases in plasma LA (3.93 +/- 0.26 v 2.99 +/- 0.37; P < .05), peritoneal LA (5.03 +/- 1.14 V 3.33 +/- 0.86; P < .05), and CK (940 +/- 146 v 772 +/- 165, P < .05) occurred after 1 hour of ischemic injury. Except for serum CK, all parameters in the blood and peritoneal fluid in group 3 were markedly elevated within 4 hours. The serum CK remained almost unchanged throughout the 6-hour study period. The results suggest that plasma LA, peritoneal LA, and CK are sensitive indicators in the early diagnosis of bowel ischemia; the determination of both serum and peritoneal XO and IP was also helpful for early diagnosis; in contrast, serum CK was not a useful indicator. The value of any biochemical marker as an early diagnostic tool for intestinal ischemia depends not only on its quantity but also on its location and mechanism of release.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Liao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, People's Republic of China
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Liao XP, Han MT, Wang MM, Wang XW. [Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct in young child--a case report]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1986; 8:314-5. [PMID: 3757753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A child, 2 years old, male suffering from severe jaundice, melena, severe anemia and right upper abdominal mass was admitted into our hospital. Diagnosis of obstructive jaundice was made before operation. On exploration, a tumor mass was found in the pancreatic head, which involved the duodenum and distal common bile duct. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with one stage pancreaticojejunostomy, choledochojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy was carried out. Postoperative pathology showed adenocarcinoma of the distal common bile duct invading the periampullary tissues of the duodenum and infiltrating, to a lesser extent, into the pancreatic head. Carcinoma arising from the distal common bile duct is rare in infancy and childhood. Radical resection should be attempted if possible. In general, the prognosis is poor in this tumor. No complication after operation occurred on this patient but close follow-up is necessary. Pathology related to this tumor is discussed with a review of literature.
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