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Linaburg TJ, Lahaie-Luna G, Pradeep T, Bhatti T, Katowitz W. Surgical Management of Overgrowth Syndrome With Bilateral Vision-Threatening Ptosis. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 40:e95-e97. [PMID: 38738723 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
We describe the first case reported in ophthalmological literature of the surgical management of a 17-month-old boy with bilateral vision-threatening ptosis, tarsomegaly, ectropion, and euryblepharon secondary to suspected overgrowth syndrome. We elaborate on the major challenges associated with surgical management including the natural and asymmetric growth of oversized tissue, the high likelihood of scarring and formation of disorganized tissue, and risks of frequent intubation in these patients who may have lesions that compromise critical structures such as the airway. Ultimately, surgical intervention is encouraged primarily if vision or ocular health is threatened and secondarily to achieve good cosmesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Linaburg
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriela Lahaie-Luna
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Tejus Pradeep
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Trisha Bhatti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - William Katowitz
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania
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Chen H, Sun B, Xia W, Qiu Y, Gao W, Hua C, Lin X. Clinical characteristics and surgical management of facial infiltrating lipomatosis: a single center experience. Head Face Med 2024; 20:13. [PMID: 38378686 PMCID: PMC10877823 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-024-00412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial infiltrating lipomatosis (FIL) is a rare condition characterized by congenital facial enlargement. Beyond its impact on physical appearance, FIL can also impair essential facial functions such as swallowing, chewing, vision, and breathing, imposing a substantial physiological and psychological burden. Currently, fewer than 80 cases of FIL have been reported, and the characteristics and management strategies for FIL remain unclear. METHODS We reviewed the clinical, surgical, and radiological records of 39 FIL patients who were treated at our center. Of these, genetic testing was performed for 21 patients. RESULTS Aberrant overgrowth involves subcutaneous fat, bones, muscles, glands, tongue, lips, and teeth. Epidermal nevi could be observed in the dermatomes innervated by the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, with the highest frequency seen in the dermatome of the mandibular branch. Four patients exhibited concurrent hemimegalencephaly (HMEG), with one case presenting HMEG on the opposite side of the FIL. Nineteen patients were confirmed to harbor the PIK3CA mutation. Thirty-three patients underwent surgical procedures, with a post resection recurrence rate of approximately 25%. CONCLUSIONS A variety of maxillofacial structures may be involved in FIL. PIK3CA mutations are important pathogenic factors. Emerging targeted therapies could present an additional treatment avenue in the future. However, surgery currently remains the predominant treatment choice for FIL. The timing and modality of surgery should be individually customized, taking into account each patient's unique circumstances. Notably, there is a significant possibility of postoperative recurrence during childhood and adolescence, necessitating early strategic planning of disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Xia
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Qiu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chen Hua
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China.
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Zhao S, Liu H, Wang H, He X, Tang J, Qi S, Yang R, Xie J. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha by miR-203a-3p reduces hypertrophic scar formation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad048. [PMID: 38179473 PMCID: PMC10762504 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a common fibroproliferative skin disease that currently has no truly effective therapy. Given the importance of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) in hypertrophic scar formation, the development of therapeutic strategies for endogenous inhibitors against PIK3CA is of great interest. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of miR-203a-3p (PIK3CA inhibitor) against excessive scar. Methods Bioinformatic analysis, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, miRNA screening and fluorescence in situ hybridization assays were used to identify the possible pathways and target molecules mediating HS formation. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were used to clarify the role of PIK3CA and miR-203a-3p in HS. Mechanistically, transcriptomic sequencing, immunoblotting, dual-luciferase assay and rescue experiments were executed. Results Herein, we found that PIK3CA and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway were upregulated in scar tissues and positively correlated with fibrosis. We then identified miR-203a-3p as the most suitable endogenous inhibitor of PIK3CA. miR-203a-3p suppressed the proliferation, migration, collagen synthesis and contractility as well as the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in vitro, and improved the morphology and histology of scars in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-203a-3p attenuated fibrosis by inactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by directly targeting PIK3CA. Conclusions PIK3CA and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are actively involved in scar fibrosis and miR-203a-3p might serve as a potential strategy for hypertrophic scar therapy through targeting PIK3CA and inactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Zhao
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Burn and Wound Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Key Technology and Series of Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Hengdeng Liu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Burn and Wound Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Key Technology and Series of Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Hanwen Wang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Burn and Wound Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Key Technology and Series of Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Xuefeng He
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Burn and Wound Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Key Technology and Series of Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Jinming Tang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Burn and Wound Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Key Technology and Series of Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Burn and Wound Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Key Technology and Series of Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of technology, No. 1 Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Burn and Wound Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Key Technology and Series of Products, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, China
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Luo M, Su Z, Gao H, Tan J, Liao R, Yang J, Lin L. Cirsiliol induces autophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis through the AKT/FOXO1 axis and influences methotrexate resistance in osteosarcoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:907. [PMID: 38087310 PMCID: PMC10714637 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, with poor outcomes for patients with metastatic disease or chemotherapy resistance. Cirsiliol is a recently found flavonoid with anti-tumor effects in various tumors. However, the effects of cirsiliol in the regulation of aggressive behaviors of OS remain unknown. METHODS The effect of cirsiliol on the proliferation of OS cells was detected using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, while cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence was applied to visualize the expression level of the mitochondria, lysosomes and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3). A computational molecular docking technique was used to predict the interaction between cirsiliol and the AKT protein. The impact of cirsiliol on resistance was investigated by comparing it between a methotrexate (MTX)-sensitive OS cell line, U2OS, and a MTX-resistant OS cell line, U2OS/MTX. Finally, in situ xenogeneic tumor models were used to validate the anti-tumor effect of cirsiliol in OS. RESULTS Cirsiliol inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both U2OS and U2OS/MTX300 OS cells. In addition, treatment with cirsiliol resulted in G2 phase arrest in U2OS/MTX300 and U2OS cells. Cell fluorescence probe staining results showed impaired mitochondria and increased autophagy in OS cells after treatment with cirsiliol. Mechanistically, it was found that cirsiliol targeted AKT by reducing the phosphorylation of AKT, which further activated the transcriptional activity of forkhead Box O transcription factor 1 (FOXO1), ultimately affecting the function of OS cells. Moreover, in situ tumorigenesis experiments showed that cirsiliol inhibited the tumorigenesis and progression of OS in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Cirsiliol inhibits OS cell growth and induces cell apoptosis by reducing AKT phosphorylation and further promotes FOXO1 expression. These phenomena indicate that cirsiliol is a promising treatment option for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Luo
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zexin Su
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Haotian Gao
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jianye Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Rongdong Liao
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - Lijun Lin
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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Zhou P, Feng H, Qin W, Li Q. KRT17 from skin cells with high glucose stimulation promotes keratinocytes proliferation and migration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1237048. [PMID: 37929023 PMCID: PMC10622786 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1237048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired diabetic wound healing is an important issue in diabetic complications. Proliferation and migration of keratinocytes are major processes of skin wound repair after injury. However, hyperkeratosis can affect the speed of wound healing. Based on the results of preliminary experiments on increased KRT17 expression after high glucose stimulation of human skin tissue cells, a cell model of human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) stimulation with different concentrations of KRT17 was established in vitro, and the promotion in cell proliferation and migration were discovered. KRT17 silencing promoted diabetic wound healing in the db/db diabetic wound model. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on HaCaT cells after KRT17 stimulation, and analysis showed significant enrichment in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, in which the regulation of cell c-MYB mRNA, a key molecule regulating cell proliferation and migration, was significantly upregulated. In vitro assays showed increased c-MYB expression and enhanced pAKT activity after HaCaT cell stimulation by KRT17. We speculate that KRT17 is upregulated under high glucose and promotes keratinocyte proliferation and migration caused hyperkeratosis, through the c-MYB/PI3K-AKT pathway, contributing to delayed wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haijun Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhui Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Jingshan Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jingshan, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang J, Abou-Fadel J, Renteria M, Belkin O, Chen B, Zhu Y, Dammann P, Rigamonti D. Cerebral cavernous malformations do not fall in the spectrum of PIK3CA-related overgrowth. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:jnnp-2022-328901. [PMID: 35477890 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-328901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Somatic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), have been recently discovered in cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), raising the possibility that the activation of PI3K pathways is a possible universal regulator of vascular morphogenesis. However, there have been contradicting data presented among various groups and studies. To enhance the current understanding of vascular anomalies, it is essential to explore this possible relationship between altered PI3K signalling pathways and its influence on the pathogenesis of CCMs. GOF PIK3CA-mutants have been linked to overgrowth syndromes, allowing this group of disorders, resulting from somatic activating mutations in PIK3CA, to be collectively named as PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum disorders. This paper reviews and attempts to conceptualise the relationships and differences among clinical presentations, genotypic and phenotypic correlations and possible coexistence of PIK3CA and CCM mutations/phenotypes in CCM lesions. Finally, we present a model reflecting our hypothetical understanding of CCM pathogenesis based on a systematic review and conceptualisation of data obtained from other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Johnathan Abou-Fadel
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Mellisa Renteria
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Ofek Belkin
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Bixia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Öztürk Durmaz E, Demircioğlu D, Yalınay Dikmen P, Alanay Y, Alanay A, Demirkesen C, Tokat F, Karaarslan E. A Review on Cutaneous and Musculoskeletal Manifestations of CLOVES Syndrome. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:621-630. [PMID: 35444443 PMCID: PMC9013705 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s351637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CLOVES syndrome is a novel sporadic mosaic segmental overgrowth syndrome, currently categorized under the canopy of PROS (PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum) disorders. All PROS disorders harbor heterozygous postzygotic activating somatic mutations involving the PIK3CA gene. As an upstream regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal transduction pathway, activating mutations of PIK3CA gene commence in uncontrolled growth of cutaneous, vascular (capillaries, veins, and lymphatics), adipose, neural, and musculoskeletal tissues. The excessive growth is segmental, patchy, asymmetric, and confined to body parts affected by the mutation. The term ‘CLOVES’ is an acronym denoting congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi and spinal (scoliosis) and/ or skeletal anomalies. The syndrome is characterized by an admixture of overgrown tissues, derived mainly from mesoderm and neuroectoderm. Among PROS disorders, CLOVES syndrome represents the extreme end of the spectrum with massive affection of almost the entire body. The syndrome might judiciously be treated with medications hampering with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal transduction pathway. This article aims at reviewing the cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations of CLOVES syndrome, as the paradigm for PROS disorders. CLOVES syndrome and other PROS disorders are still misdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, underreported, and undertreated by the dermatology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Öztürk Durmaz
- Department of Dermatology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Demircioğlu
- Department of Dermatology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Yalınay Dikmen
- Department of Neurology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Department of Pediatrics, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alanay
- Department of Orthopedics, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cüyan Demirkesen
- Department of Pathology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Tokat
- Department of Pathology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Karaarslan
- Department of Radiology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Zhang Y, Xu C. Integrative analysis of miRNA-mRNA expression profiles in esophageal fibrosis after ESD. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1176. [PMID: 34504621 PMCID: PMC8393932 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal fibrosis and benign esophageal stricture (BES) has increased in recent years due to the curative therapy for early-stage esophageal carcinoma, including partial esophagectomy and esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The aim of the present study was to identify key genes and associated pathways of esophageal fibrosis after the ESD procedure. During the esophageal ESD procedure, the esophageal tissue in the remaining submucosal layer, referred to as normal esophageal (NE) tissue, was collected, and 1 week thereafter, post-operative esophageal (PE) tissue was obtained. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) between NE and PE tissues. According to the differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, putative target genes were predicted. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis and DEmiRNA interaction network analysis were performed. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to validate the RNA-sequencing results. A total of 199 miRNAs were determined to be DE between NE and PE tissues. Compared with the expression in the NE group, 83 miRNAs were significantly upregulated, while 116 miRNAs were significantly downregulated. According to these DE miRNAs, forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), paired box 6 (PAX6), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and adrenoceptor β1 (ADRB1) were DE genes regulated by five DE miRNAs, including miR-223-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-582-5p, miR-21-3p and miR-218-5p. The results suggested that certain pathways were markedly dysregulated, including FOXO, MAPK, AMP-activated protein kinase and signaling pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells and proteoglycans in cancer. According to the RT-qPCR results, the expression levels of FOXO1, PAX6, ADRB1, miR-223-3p, miR-582-5p, miR-21-3p and miR-218-5p were consistent with the integrated analysis. In conclusion, FOXO1, PAX6, PIK3CA and ADRB1 may have a role in esophageal fibrosis, regulated by miR-223-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-582-5p, miR-21-3p and miR-218-5p. The present results provided an improved understanding of the changes in the microenvironment during the process of esophageal fibrosis, as well as novel potential targets for the treatment of esophageal fibrosis and BES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of Digestive Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Durant F, Whited JL. Finding Solutions for Fibrosis: Understanding the Innate Mechanisms Used by Super-Regenerator Vertebrates to Combat Scarring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100407. [PMID: 34032013 PMCID: PMC8336523 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue fibrosis and cutaneous scarring represent massive clinical burdens to millions of patients per year and the therapeutic options available are currently quite limited. Despite what is known about the process of fibrosis in mammals, novel approaches for combating fibrosis and scarring are necessary. It is hypothesized that scarring has evolved as a solution to maximize healing speed to reduce fluid loss and infection. This hypothesis, however, is complicated by regenerative animals, which have arguably the most remarkable healing abilities and are capable of scar-free healing. This review explores the differences observed between adult mammalian healing that typically results in fibrosis versus healing in regenerative animals that heal scarlessly. Each stage of wound healing is surveyed in depth from the perspective of many regenerative and fibrotic healers so as to identify the most important molecular and physiological variances along the way to disparate injury repair outcomes. Understanding how these powerful model systems accomplish the feat of scar-free healing may provide critical therapeutic approaches to the treatment or prevention of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallon Durant
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Jessica L. Whited
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
- The Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMA02138USA
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Mahajan VK, Gupta M, Chauhan P, Mehta KS. Cloves Syndrome: A Rare Disorder of Overgrowth with Unusual Features - An Uncommon Phenotype? Indian Dermatol Online J 2019; 10:447-452. [PMID: 31334068 PMCID: PMC6615369 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_418_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CLOVES syndrome characterized by Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth, Vascular malformations, Epidermal nevi, and Skeletal anomalies is a recently described sporadic syndrome from postzygotic activating mutations in PIK3CA. This 3-year-old boy, born to nonconsanguineous and healthy parents, had epidermal verrucous nevus, lower limb length discrepancy and bilateral genuvalgum, anterior abdominal wall lipomatous mass, central beaking of L2 and L3, and fibrous dysplasia of the left frontal bone. Ocular and dental abnormalities (ptosis, esotropia, delayed canine eruption, dental hypoplasia), ipsilateral asymmetrical deformity of skull, and large left cerebral hemisphere with mild ipsilateral ventriculomegaly were peculiar to him denoting an uncommon phenotype. The parents did not consent for magnetic resonance imaging and genetic studies because of financial constraints. The CLOVES syndrome has emerged as an uncommon yet distinct clinical entity with some phenotypic variations. Its diagnosis is usually from cutaneous, truncal, spinal, and foot anomalies in clinical and radioimaging studies. Proteus syndrome remains the major differential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram K Mahajan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra, (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mrinal Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra, (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pushpinder Chauhan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra, (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Karaninder S Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. R. P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra, (Tanda), Himachal Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Macrodactyly is a rare condition in which fingers, hands or limb growth is unregulated, resulting in overgrowth of tissues in the affected extremities. It is critical to properly assess these extremities for signalling pathway, psychological impact and potential surgical intervention, to achieve the best possible outcome for each patient. Treatment approaches can vary, and patient and family expectations weigh heavily on care complexity. Common surgical procedures may include epiphysiodeses, osteotomies, debulking procedures, carpal tunnel releases, toe transfers and amputations. The selection and timing of these surgeries is a vital component of the approach, as delayed healing and excessive scarring may occur. The purpose of this review is to assist in the navigation of decision-making and surgical timing for patients presenting with overgrowth manifesting itself as macrodactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth Ezaki
- 1 Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,2 Orthopedic Surgery Department at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Terri Beckwith
- 1 Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Scott N Oishi
- 1 Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
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