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Hoffmann JA, Carter CP, Olsen CS, Chaudhari PP, Chaudhary S, Duffy S, Glomb N, Goyal MK, Grupp-Phelan J, Haasz M, Ketabchi B, Kravitz-Wirtz N, Lerner EB, Shihabuddin B, Wendt W, Cook LJ, Alpern ER. Pediatric Firearm Injury Emergency Department Visits From 2017 to 2022: A Multicenter Study. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023063129. [PMID: 37927086 PMCID: PMC10842699 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pediatric firearm injuries increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, but recent trends in firearm injury emergency department (ED) visits are not well described. We aimed to assess how pediatric firearm injury ED visits during the pandemic differed from expected prepandemic trends. METHODS We retrospectively studied firearm injury ED visits by children <18 years old at 9 US hospitals participating in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry before (January 2017 to February 2020) and during (March 2020 to November 2022) the pandemic. Multivariable Poisson regression models estimated expected visit rates from prepandemic data. We calculated rate ratios (RRs) of observed to expected visits per 30 days, overall, and by sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS We identified 1904 firearm injury ED visits (52.3% 15-17 years old, 80.0% male, 63.5% non-Hispanic Black), with 694 prepandemic visits and 1210 visits during the pandemic. Death in the ED/hospital increased from 3.1% prepandemic to 6.1% during the pandemic (P = .007). Firearm injury visits per 30 days increased from 18.0 prepandemic to 36.1 during the pandemic (RR 2.09, 95% CI 1.63-2.91). Increases beyond expected rates were seen for 10- to 14-year-olds (RR 2.61, 95% CI 1.69-5.71), females (RR 2.46, 95% CI 1.55-6.00), males (RR 2.00, 95% CI 1.53-2.86), Hispanic children (RR 2.30, 95% CI 1.30-9.91), and Black non-Hispanic children (RR 1.88, 95% CI 1.34-3.10). CONCLUSIONS Firearm injury ED visits for children increased beyond expected prepandemic trends, with greater increases among certain population subgroups. These findings may inform firearm injury prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Hoffmann
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Camille P Carter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Cody S Olsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Pradip P Chaudhari
- Division of Emergency and Transport Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sofia Chaudhary
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan Duffy
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Brown University, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nicolaus Glomb
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Monika K Goyal
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Maya Haasz
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bijan Ketabchi
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - E Brooke Lerner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Bashar Shihabuddin
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wendi Wendt
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lawrence J Cook
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Elizabeth R Alpern
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Georgeades C, Collings AT, Farazi M, Bergner C, Fallat ME, Minneci PC, Speck KE, Van Arendonk KJ, Deans KJ, Falcone RA, Foley DS, Fraser JD, Gadepalli SK, Keller MS, Kotagal M, Landman MP, Leys CM, Markel TA, Rubalcava NS, St Peter SD, Sato TT, Flynn-O'Brien KT. Relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and structural inequalities within the pediatric trauma population. Inj Epidemiol 2023; 10:62. [PMID: 38017506 PMCID: PMC10683076 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-023-00475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted social, political, and economic life across the world, shining a light on the vulnerability of many communities. The objective of this study was to assess injury patterns before and after implementation of stay-at-home orders (SHOs) between White children and children of color and across varying levels of vulnerability based upon children's home residence. METHODS A multi-institutional retrospective study was conducted evaluating patients < 18 years with traumatic injuries. A "Control" cohort from an averaged March-September 2016-2019 time period was compared to patients injured after SHO initiation-September 2020 ("COVID" cohort). Interactions between race/ethnicity or social vulnerability index (SVI), a marker of neighborhood vulnerability and socioeconomic status, and the COVID-19 timeframe with regard to the outcomes of interest were assessed using likelihood ratio Chi-square tests. Differences in injury intent, type, and mechanism were then stratified and explored by race/ethnicity and SVI separately. RESULTS A total of 47,385 patients met study inclusion. Significant interactions existed between race/ethnicity and the COVID-19 SHO period for intent (p < 0.001) and mechanism of injury (p < 0.001). There was also significant interaction between SVI and the COVID-19 SHO period for mechanism of injury (p = 0.01). Children of color experienced a significant increase in intentional (COVID 16.4% vs. Control 13.7%, p = 0.03) and firearm (COVID 9.0% vs. Control 5.2%, p < 0.001) injuries, but no change was seen among White children. Children from the most vulnerable neighborhoods suffered an increase in firearm injuries (COVID 11.1% vs. Control 6.1%, p = 0.001) with children from the least vulnerable neighborhoods having no change. All-terrain vehicle (ATV) and bicycle crashes increased for children of color (COVID 2.0% vs. Control 1.1%, p = 0.04 for ATV; COVID 6.7% vs. Control 4.8%, p = 0.02 for bicycle) and White children (COVID 9.6% vs. Control 6.2%, p < 0.001 for ATV; COVID 8.8% vs. Control 5.8%, p < 0.001 for bicycle). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to White children and children from neighborhoods of lower vulnerability, children of color and children living in higher vulnerability neighborhoods experienced an increase in intentional and firearm-related injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding inequities in trauma burden during times of stress is critical to directing resources and targeting intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Georgeades
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | | | - Manzur Farazi
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Carisa Bergner
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Mary E Fallat
- Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
- Hiram C. Polk Jr., Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute and Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - K Elizabeth Speck
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kyle J Van Arendonk
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children's Health Delaware Valley, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Richard A Falcone
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David S Foley
- Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
- Hiram C. Polk Jr., Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jason D Fraser
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Samir K Gadepalli
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin S Keller
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meera Kotagal
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Charles M Leys
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Troy A Markel
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan S Rubalcava
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shawn D St Peter
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Thomas T Sato
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Katherine T Flynn-O'Brien
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Corporate Center, Suite C320, 999 N 92Nd St, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Cannon AD, Reese K, Tetens P, Fingar KR. Preventable tragedies: findings from the #NotAnAccident index of unintentional shootings by children. Inj Epidemiol 2023; 10:52. [PMID: 37872595 PMCID: PMC10594669 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-023-00464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 2015 and 2021, 3,498 Americans died from unintentional gun injuries, including 713 children 17 years and younger. Roughly 30 million American children live in homes with firearms, many of which are loaded and unlocked. This study assesses the scope of unintentional shootings by children 17 and younger in the US and the relationship between these shootings and state-level secure storage laws. METHODS Demographic and injury data of both perpetrators and victims of unintentional shootings by children 17 and younger in the US from 1/1/2015-12/31/2021 were extracted from the #NotAnAccident Index. The #NotAnAccident Index contains media-report data, which is systematically flagged through Google Alerts. We describe characteristics of incidents and examine incident rates over time. The association between state-level secure storage laws and rates of unintentional shootings by children is assessed in multivariate negative binomial regression models. RESULTS 2,448 unintentional shootings by children resulted in 926 deaths and 1,603 nonfatal gun injuries over a period of seven years. Most perpetrators (81%) and victims (76%) were male. The mean age was 10.0 (SD 5.5) for shooters and 10.9 (SD 8.1) for victims. Children were as likely to shoot themselves (49%) as they were to shoot others (47%). The majority of victims were under 18 years old (91%). Shootings most often occurred in or around homes (71%) and with handguns (53%). From March to December 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, incidents increased 24% over the same period in 2019, which was driven largely by an increase among shooters ages 0-5. Depending on the type of law, rates of unintentional shootings by children were 24% to 72% lower in states with secure storage laws, compared to states without such laws. CONCLUSIONS Unintentional shootings by children are on the rise, particularly among children 0-5 years old, but are preventable tragedies. Our results show that secure firearm storage policies are strongly correlated with lower rates of unintentional shootings by children. Firearm storage policies, practices, and education efforts are needed to ensure guns are kept secured and inaccessible to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D. Cannon
- Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund, PO Box 4184, New York, NY 10163 USA
| | - Kate Reese
- Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund, PO Box 4184, New York, NY 10163 USA
| | - Paige Tetens
- Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund, PO Box 4184, New York, NY 10163 USA
| | - Kathryn R. Fingar
- Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund, PO Box 4184, New York, NY 10163 USA
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Roberts BK, Nofi CP, Cornell E, Kapoor S, Harrison L, Sathya C. Trends and Disparities in Firearm Deaths Among Children. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023061296. [PMID: 37599647 PMCID: PMC10471507 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In 2020, firearm injuries became the leading cause of death among US children and adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate new 2021 data on US pediatric firearm deaths and disparities to understand trends compared with previous years. METHODS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research was queried for firearm mortalities in children/adolescents from 2018 to 2021. Absolute mortality, death rates, and characteristics were reported. Death rates were defined per 100 000 persons in that population per year. Death rates across states were illustrated via geographic heat maps, and correlations with state poverty levels were calculated. RESULTS In 2021, firearms continued to be the leading cause of death among US children. From 2018 to 2021, there was a 41.6% increase in the firearm death rate. In 2021, among children who died by firearms, 84.8% were male, 49.9% were Black, 82.6% were aged 15 to 19 years, and 64.3% died by homicide. Black children accounted for 67.3% of firearm homicides, with a death rate increase of 1.8 from 2020 to 2021. White children accounted for 78.4% of firearm suicides. From 2020 to 2021, the suicide rate increased among Black and white children, yet decreased among American Indian or Alaskan Native children. Geographically, there were worsening clusters of firearm death rates in Southern states and increasing rates in Midwestern states from 2018 to 2021. Across the United States, higher poverty levels correlated with higher firearm death rates (R = 0.76, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS US pediatric firearm deaths increased in 2021, above the spike in 2020, with worsening disparities. Implementation of prevention strategies and policies among communities at highest risk is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey K. Roberts
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Queens, New York
- Institute for Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes
| | - Colleen P. Nofi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Queens, New York
- Institute for Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes
| | - Emma Cornell
- Center for Gun Violence Prevention, Northwell Health
| | - Sandeep Kapoor
- Institute for Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes
- Center for Gun Violence Prevention, Northwell Health
- Addiction Services, Emergency Medicine Service Line, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Laura Harrison
- Center for Gun Violence Prevention, Northwell Health
- Addiction Services, Emergency Medicine Service Line, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Chethan Sathya
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Queens, New York
- Institute for Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes
- Center for Gun Violence Prevention, Northwell Health
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
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Gobaud AN, Mehranbod CA, Kaufman E, Jay J, Beard JH, Jacoby SF, Branas CC, Bushover B, Morrison CN. Assessing the Gun Violence Archive as an Epidemiologic Data Source for Community Firearm Violence in 4 US Cities. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2316545. [PMID: 37266937 PMCID: PMC10238941 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.16545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Firearm injury is a major public health burden in the US, and yet there is no single, validated national data source to study community firearm violence, including firearm homicide and nonfatal shootings that result from interpersonal violence. Objective To assess the validity of the Gun Violence Archive as a source of data on events of community firearm violence and to examine the characteristics of individuals injured in shootings. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional observational study compared data on community firearm violence from the Gun Violence Archive with publicly available police department data, which were assumed to be the reference standard, between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Cities included in the study (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; New York, New York; Chicago, Illinois; and Cincinnati, Ohio) had a population of greater than 300 000 people according to the 2020 US Census and had publicly available shooting data from the city police department. A large city was defined as having a population greater than or equal to 500 000 (ie, Philadelphia, New York City, and Chicago). Data analysis was performed in December 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Events of community firearm violence from the Gun Violence Archive were matched to police department shootings by date and location. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of the data were calculated (0.9-1.0, excellent; 0.8-0.9, good; 0.7-0.8, fair; 0.6-0.7, poor; and <0.6, failed). Results A total of 26 679 and 32 588 shooting events were documented in the Gun Violence Archive and the police department databases, respectively, during the study period. The overall sensitivity of the Gun Violence Archive over the 6-year period was 81.1%, and the positive predictive value was 99.0%. The sensitivity steadily improved over time. Shootings involving multiple individuals and those involving women and children were less likely to be missing from the Gun Violence Archive, suggesting a systematic missingness. Conclusions and Relevance These findings support the use of the Gun Violence Archive in large cities for research requiring its unique advantages (ie, spatial resolution, timeliness, and geographic coverage), albeit with caution regarding a more granular examination of epidemiology given its apparent bias toward shootings involving multiple persons and those involving women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana N. Gobaud
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Christina A. Mehranbod
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Elinore Kaufman
- Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Jonathan Jay
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica H. Beard
- Division of Trauma Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara F. Jacoby
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Charles C. Branas
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Brady Bushover
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Christopher N. Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
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The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on violent injuries in children: a literature review. Adv Pediatr 2023. [PMCID: PMC10070782 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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7
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Rolf LR, Vestal L, Moore AC, Lobb Dougherty N, Mueller N, Newland JG. Psychosocial work environment stressors for school staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Barriers and facilitators for supporting wellbeing. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1096240. [PMID: 36992895 PMCID: PMC10040557 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1096240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAfter periods of remote and/or hybrid learning as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic, the return to in-person learning has been beneficial for both students and teachers, but it has not been without challenges. This study was designed to assess the impact of the return to in-person learning on the school experience, and efforts made to ease the transition in furthering a positive in-person learning environment.Materials and methodsWe conducted a series of listening sessions with 4 stakeholder groups: students (n = 39), parents (n = 28), teachers/school staff (n = 41), and a combination of listening sessions and semi-structured interviews with building level and district administrators (n = 12), focusing on in-school experiences during the 2021–2022 school year amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. A primarily deductive qualitative analysis approach was employed to code the data followed by a primarily inductive thematic analysis, followed by thematic aggregation, thus providing depth and identification of nuances in the data.ResultsThree main themes emerged around school staff experiences: (1) increased levels of stress and anxiety manifested in key ways, including students' challenges with personal behavior management contributing to increased aggression and staff shortages; (2) school staff described key contributors to stress and anxiety, including feeling excluded from decision making and challenges with clear and consistent communication; and (3) school staff described key facilitators that supported their management of anxiety and stress, including adaptability, heightened attention and resources to wellbeing, and leveraging interpersonal relationships.DiscussionSchool staff and students faced significant stress and anxiety during the 2021–2022 school year. Further exploration and identification of approaches to mitigate key contributors to increased stress and anxiety for school staff, along with increased opportunities for implementing key facilitators that were identified as important in managing and navigating the increased stress and anxiety offer valuable opportunities for helping to create a supportive work environment for school staff in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz R. Rolf
- Brown School Evaluation Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Liz R. Rolf
| | - Liz Vestal
- Brown School Evaluation Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ashley C. Moore
- Brown School Evaluation Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nikole Lobb Dougherty
- Brown School Evaluation Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nancy Mueller
- Office of the Provost, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jason G. Newland
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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8
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Jay J, Martin R, Patel M, Xie K, Shareef F, Simes JT. Analyzing Child Firearm Assault Injuries by Race and Ethnicity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 4 Major US Cities. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e233125. [PMID: 36884253 PMCID: PMC9996392 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines changes in rates and disparities of fatal and nonfatal firearm assaults among children in New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Philadelphia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jay
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Martin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manish Patel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristal Xie
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Faizah Shareef
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica T. Simes
- Department of Sociology, Boston University College of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
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Pädiatrie aktuell – Forschung kurz notiert. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2022; 170:961-964. [PMID: 36101563 PMCID: PMC9454404 DOI: 10.1007/s00112-022-01600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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