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Seppä S, Huikari S, Korhonen M, Nordström T, Hurtig T, Halt AH. Associations of Symptoms of ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in Adolescence With Occupational Outcomes and Incomes in Adulthood. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:1392-1405. [PMID: 38867516 PMCID: PMC11292981 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241259329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of ADHD and ODD symptoms in adolescence with occupational outcomes and incomes in adulthood within the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986). METHOD ADHD symptoms were evaluated at ages 15 to 16 years using the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and Normal Behaviors (SWAN) scale. ODD symptoms were assessed using a 7-point scale, like the SWAN assessment. RESULTS Symptoms of ADHD and ADHD + ODD were associated with elevated rates of unemployment, increased sick days, and lower annual incomes compared to controls for both sexes. Symptoms of ODD were associated with higher unemployment and more sick days for males, although these associations did not reach statistical significance in their association with annual incomes. CONCLUSION Symptoms of ADHD were associated with adverse occupational outcomes and lower incomes. Furthermore, symptoms of ODD were associated with occupational outcomes but not with incomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampo Seppä
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Huikari
- Department of Economics, Accounting and Finance, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Korhonen
- Department of Economics, Accounting and Finance, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tanja Nordström
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu-Helmi Halt
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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2
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Bégin V, Vergunst F, Haeck C, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Côté SM, Fontaine NMG. Childhood behavior problems and adverse economic outcomes: a 30-year population-based study of intergenerational income mobility. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38659297 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the associations between early behavioral problems and intergenerational income mobility (i.e., the degree to which income status is transmitted from one generation to the next), (b) verify whether these associations are moderated by child sex, and (c) explore indirect effects of early behavioral problems on income mobility via high school graduation. METHODS Data were drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (n = 3,020; 49.17% girls). Participants were followed from age 6 to 37 years. Measures included parents' and teachers' ratings of behavioral problems at age 6 years as well as participants' (ages 30-35 years) and their parents' (when participants were aged 10-19 years) income data obtained from tax return records. Regression models were used to predict upward and downward mobility (i.e., increased or decreased income status from one generation to the next) from attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, conduct/opposition problems, depression/anxiety problems, prosociality, and the quality of children's relationship with their caregiver. Two-way interaction effects between behavioral problems and child sex were examined and indirect effect models including high school graduation as a mediator of these associations were conducted. RESULTS Despite their higher educational attainment, females had lower incomes and experienced lower upward (but higher downward) income mobility than males. For both females and males, higher levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and conduct/opposition problems were associated with decreased odds of upward mobility, whereas higher levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity were associated with increased odds of downward mobility. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, conduct/opposition problems as well as low prosociality were associated with lower educational attainment (no high school diploma), which in turn was associated with increased odds of downward mobility. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of providing intensive support to children with early behavioral problems as a means of improving educational attainment and intergenerational income mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bégin
- Department of Psychoeducation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Group for Research and Intervention on Children's Social Adjustment, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Vergunst
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Haeck
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Group on Human Capital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Economics, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie M G Fontaine
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Vergunst F, Vitaro F, Brendgen M, Larose MP, Girard A, Tremblay RE, Côté SM. Mechanisms and pathways linking kindergarten behavior problems with mid-life employment earnings for males from low-income neighborhoods. Child Dev 2024; 95:208-222. [PMID: 37424295 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Childhood behavior problems are associated with reduced labor market participation and lower earnings in adulthood, but little is known about the pathways and mechanisms that explain these associations. Drawing on a 33-year prospective birth cohort of White males from low-income backgrounds (n = 1040), we conducted a path analysis linking participants' teacher-rated behavior problems at age 6 years-that is, inattention, hyperactivity, aggression-opposition, and low prosociality-to employment earnings at age 35-39 years obtained from tax records. We examined three psychosocial mediators at age 11-12 years (academic, behavioral, social) and two mediators at age 25 years (non-high school graduation, criminal convictions). Our findings support the notion that multiple psychosocial pathways-especially low education attainment-link kindergarten behavior problems to lower employment earnings decades later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vergunst
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Larose
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alain Girard
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Kim R, Lin T, Pang G, Liu Y, Tungate AS, Hendry PL, Kurz MC, Peak DA, Jones J, Rathlev NK, Swor RA, Domeier R, Velilla MA, Lewandowski C, Datner E, Pearson C, Lee D, Mitchell PM, McLean SA, Linnstaedt SD. Derivation and validation of risk prediction for posttraumatic stress symptoms following trauma exposure. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4952-4961. [PMID: 35775366 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172200191x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are common following traumatic stress exposure (TSE). Identification of individuals with PTSS risk in the early aftermath of TSE is important to enable targeted administration of preventive interventions. In this study, we used baseline survey data from two prospective cohort studies to identify the most influential predictors of substantial PTSS. METHODS Self-identifying black and white American women and men (n = 1546) presenting to one of 16 emergency departments (EDs) within 24 h of motor vehicle collision (MVC) TSE were enrolled. Individuals with substantial PTSS (⩾33, Impact of Events Scale - Revised) 6 months after MVC were identified via follow-up questionnaire. Sociodemographic, pain, general health, event, and psychological/cognitive characteristics were collected in the ED and used in prediction modeling. Ensemble learning methods and Monte Carlo cross-validation were used for feature selection and to determine prediction accuracy. External validation was performed on a hold-out sample (30% of total sample). RESULTS Twenty-five percent (n = 394) of individuals reported PTSS 6 months following MVC. Regularized linear regression was the top performing learning method. The top 30 factors together showed good reliability in predicting PTSS in the external sample (Area under the curve = 0.79 ± 0.002). Top predictors included acute pain severity, recovery expectations, socioeconomic status, self-reported race, and psychological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These analyses add to a growing literature indicating that influential predictors of PTSS can be identified and risk for future PTSS estimated from characteristics easily available/assessable at the time of ED presentation following TSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Kim
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tina Lin
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gehao Pang
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew S Tungate
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Phyllis L Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael C Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David A Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Spectrum Health Butterworth Campus, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Niels K Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baystate State Health System, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Swor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Robert Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St Joseph Mercy Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Datner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit Receiving, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Patricia M Mitchell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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5
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Percy Z, Chen A, Sucharew H, Yang W, Vuong AM, Braun JM, Lanphear B, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Xu Y, Yolton K. Early-life exposure to a mixture of organophosphate esters and child behavior. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 250:114162. [PMID: 36989997 PMCID: PMC10149607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers for commercial and residential purposes, are suspected of being neurotoxic. We aimed to assess exposure to an OPE mixture in early life and its relationship to parent-reported child behavior. We measured urinary concentrations of three OPE metabolites, bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate (BCEP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), at pregnancy (16 and 26 weeks of gestation and delivery) and postnatal time points (ages 1, 2, 3, and 5 years) in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA (enrolled 2003-2006, n = 219). We used latent variable analysis in structural equations models and quantile g-computation to investigate associations of a mixture of the three OPE metabolites with parent-reported child behaviors at 3 and 8 years, measured using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition. Higher log-transformed urinary OPE latent variable values at 16 weeks were associated with fewer externalizing problem behaviors (ß = -5.74; 95% CI = -11.24, -0.24) and fewer overall behavioral problems at age 3 years (ß = -5.26; 95% CI = -10.33, -0.19), whereas having higher OPEs at delivery was associated with poorer overall behavioral problems at age 3 years (ß = 2.87; 95% CI = 0.13, 5.61). OPE latent variable values at 16 weeks, 26 weeks, and delivery were not associated with child behavior at 8 years. However, higher OPE latent variable values at 3 years were associated with fewer externalizing behaviors at 8 years (ß = -2.62; 95% CI = -5.13, -0.12). The quantile g-computation estimates had directions largely consistent with the latent variable analysis results. Pregnancy and postnatal urinary OPE metabolite mixtures were associated with child internalizing, externalizing, and overall negative behaviors at 3 and 8 years, but we did not identify a consistent pattern in terms of the direction of the effects or a particularly sensitive time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Percy
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heidi Sucharew
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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6
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Commisso M, Temcheff C, Orri M, Poirier M, Lau M, Côté S, Vitaro F, Turecki G, Tremblay R, Geoffroy MC. Childhood externalizing, internalizing and comorbid problems: distinguishing young adults who think about suicide from those who attempt suicide. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1030-1037. [PMID: 34183077 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While childhood externalizing, internalizing and comorbid problems have been associated with suicidal risk, little is known about their specific associations with suicidal ideation and attempts. We examined associations between childhood externalizing, internalizing and comorbid problems and suicidal ideation (without attempts) and attempts by early adulthood, in males and females. METHOD Participants were from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children, a population-based study of kindergarteners in Quebec from 1986 to 1988 and followed-up until 2005. We captured the co-development of teacher-rated externalizing and internalizing problems at age 6-12 using multitrajectories. Using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule administered at age 15 and 22, we identified individuals (1) who never experienced suicidal ideation/attempts, (2) experienced suicidal ideation but never attempted suicide and (3) attempted suicide. RESULTS The identified profiles were no/low problems (45%), externalizing (29%), internalizing (11%) and comorbid problems (13%). After adjusting for socioeconomic and familial characteristics, children with externalizing (OR 2.00, CI 1.39-2.88), internalizing (OR 2.34, CI 1.51-3.64) and comorbid (OR 3.29, CI 2.05-5.29) problems were at higher risk of attempting suicide (v. non-suicidal) by age 22 than those with low/no problems. Females with comorbid problems were at higher risk of attempting suicide than females with one problem. Childhood problems were not associated with suicidal ideation. Externalizing (OR 2.01, CI 1.29-3.12) and comorbid problems (OR 2.28, CI 1.29-4.03) distinguished individuals who attempted suicide from those who thought about suicide without attempting. CONCLUSION Childhood externalizing problems alone or combined with internalizing problems were associated with suicide attempts, but not ideation (without attempts), suggesting that these problems confer a specific risk for suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Commisso
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Temcheff
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Martine Poirier
- Department of Education, University of Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marianne Lau
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvana Côté
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, France
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- INSERM 1219 Bordeaux Population Health, France
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Department of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Tremblay
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Behaviors in kindergarten are associated with trajectories of long-term welfare receipt: A 30-year population-based study. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:119-129. [PMID: 34103101 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100047x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the link between behavior in kindergarten and adult-life welfare receipt. Teacher-rated behavioral assessments were obtained for inattention, hyperactivity, aggression-opposition, anxiety, and prosociality when children (n=2960) were aged 5-6 years and linked to their tax return records from age 18-35 years. We used group-based based trajectory modeling to identify distinct trajectories of welfare receipt and multinomial logistic regression models to examine the association between behaviors and trajectory group membership. The child's sex, IQ, and family background were adjusted for. Four trajectories of welfare receipt were identified: low (n = 2,390, 80.7%), declining (n = 260, 8.8%), rising (n = 150, 5.2%), and chronic (n = 160, 5.4%). Relative to the low trajectory, inattention and aggression-opposition at age 6 years were associated with increased risk of following a declining, rising, and chronic trajectory of welfare receipt, independent of hyperactivity and anxiety. Prosocial behaviors were independently associated with a lower risk of following a chronic trajectory. This study shows that kindergarten children exhibiting high inattention and aggression-opposition and low prosocial behaviors may be at increased risk of long-term welfare receipt in adulthood. The implications for early screening, monitoring, and prevention are discussed.
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8
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Kannen K, Aslan B, Boetzel C, Herrmann CS, Lux S, Rosen H, Selaskowski B, Wiebe A, Philipsen A, Braun N. P300 Modulation via Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Crossover Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:928145. [PMID: 35923453 PMCID: PMC9339709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.928145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A repeated finding regarding event-related potentials (ERPs) is that patients with ADHD show a reduced P300 amplitude. This raises the question of whether the attention of ADHD patients can be increased by stabilizing the P300. Assuming that the P300 is generated by event-related oscillations (EROs) in the low frequency range (0-8 Hz), one approach to increase the P300 could be to stimulate the patient's P300 underlying ERO by means of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate this hypothesized mechanism of action in adult ADHD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Undergoing a crossover design, 20 adult ADHD patients (10 female) received an actual stimulation via tACS on one day and a sham stimulation on another day. Before and after each intervention, EEG characteristics (P300 amplitudes, low frequency power) and attention performances (d2 attention test, visual oddball task (VOT)) were recorded. RESULTS Electrophysiological analyses revealed no evidence for an enhanced P300 amplitude or low frequency power increase after actual stimulation compared to sham stimulation. Instead, a significant effect was found for a stronger N700 amplitude increase after actual stimulation compared to sham stimulation. Consistent with the P300 null results, none of the examined neuropsychological performance measures indicated a tACS-induced improvement in attentional ability. CONCLUSION Contrary to a previous study using tACS to modulate the P300 in adult ADHD patients, the current study yields no evidence that tACS can increase the P300 amplitude in adult ADHD patients and that such P300 enhancement can directly improve neuropsychological parameters of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Kannen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Behrem Aslan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cindy Boetzel
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Silke Lux
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helena Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Selaskowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Wiebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niclas Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Woods-Jaeger B, Livingston MD, Lemon ED, Spencer RA, Komro KA. The effect of increased minimum wage on child externalizing behaviors. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101627. [PMID: 34976680 PMCID: PMC8684023 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Family Stress Model (FSM) has been used to show the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and child externalizing behaviors and suggests that interventions promoting economic security may be a promising approach to reduce child externalizing behavior. Using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study from 2002 to 2010 we examined the effect of minimum wage laws on child externalizing behaviors through a difference in difference in differences (DDD) study design. Externalizing behavior was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) using the rule breaking, attention problems, and violence subscales. DDD analyses suggest a $1 increase in the minimum wage was associated with a 2% reduction in violent behaviors (β = -1.90, 95%CI[-3.12, -0.68], p = 0.003) for the most vulnerable families headed by a primary caregiver with less than a high school education. The study results suggest that increases in the minimum wage are associated with reductions in the most severe and costly externalizing behaviors among children. Study results contribute to a growing body of literature showing that increased family incomes have positive impacts on child development, and that minimum wage policy is potentially an effective mechanism for the primary prevention of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Woods-Jaeger
- Department of Behavioral, Social, & Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States
| | - Melvin D. Livingston
- Department of Behavioral, Social, & Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States
| | - Emily D. Lemon
- Department of Behavioral, Social, & Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States
| | - Rachael A. Spencer
- Department of Behavioral, Social, & Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States
| | - Kelli A. Komro
- Department of Behavioral, Social, & Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States
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10
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Fitzpatrick C, Boers E. Developmental Associations Between Media Use and Adolescent Prosocial Behavior. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:265-271. [PMID: 34605695 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211035702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Youth today spend a tremendous amount of time with digital media. The purpose of the present study was to estimate developmental associations between screen media use between the ages of 15 and 17 and corresponding changes in prosocial behavior. Participants (N = 1,509) were part of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a population-based study of children born in the province of Quebec, Canada. Youth self-reported internet and video game use and television or movies/DVD viewing, as well as prosocial behavior at the ages of 15 and 17. Analyses were conducted using multilevel linear modelling to account for between-, within-, and lagged-person effects. Internet and video game use accounted for less prosocial behavior at the within-person and lagged-person levels. Television use also accounted for lagged-person effects in prosocial behavior. Finally, internet use and television viewing contributed to between person differences in prosocial behavior. Our study presents strong statistical evidence that media use during adolescence can undermine the development of prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elroy Boers
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Pediatric Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Orri M, Vergunst F, Turecki G, Galera C, Latimer E, Bouchard S, Domond P, Vitaro F, Algan Y, Tremblay RE, Geoffroy MC, Côté SM. Long-term economic and social outcomes of youth suicide attempts. Br J Psychiatry 2021; 220:1-7. [PMID: 35049472 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2021.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth who attempt suicide are more at risk for later mental disorders and suicide. However, little is known about their long-term socioeconomic outcomes. AIMS We investigated associations between youth suicide attempts and adult economic and social outcomes. METHOD Participants were drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (n = 2140) and followed up from ages 6 to 37 years. Lifetime suicide attempt was assessed at 15 and 22 years. Economic (employment earnings, retirement savings, welfare support, bankruptcy) and social (romantic partnership, separation/divorce, number of children) outcomes were assessed through data linkage with government tax return records obtained from age 22 to 37 years (2002-2017). Generalised linear models were used to test the association between youth suicide attempt and outcomes adjusting for background characteristics, parental mental disorders and suicide, and youth concurrent mental disorders. RESULTS By age 22, 210 youths (9.8%) had attempted suicide. In fully adjusted models, youth who attempted suicide had lower annual earnings (average last 5 years, US$ -4134, 95% CI -7950 to -317), retirement savings (average last 5 years, US$ -1387, 95% CI -2982 to 209), greater risk of receiving welfare support (risk ratio (RR) = 2.05, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.04) and were less likely to be married/cohabiting (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.93), compared with those who did not attempt suicide. Over a 40-year working career, the loss of individual earnings attributable to suicide attempts was estimated at US$98 384. CONCLUSIONS Youth who attempt suicide are at risk of poor adult socioeconomic outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of psychosocial interventions for young people who have attempted suicide to prevent long-term social and economic disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Orri
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada; and Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre Inserm U1218, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Vergunst
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Cédric Galera
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre Inserm U1218, University of Bordeaux, France; and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, France
| | - Eric Latimer
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Samantha Bouchard
- Department of School/Applied Child Psychology, McGill University; Canada
| | - Pascale Domond
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Richard E Tremblay
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada; and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- Department of School/Applied Child Psychology, McGill University, Canada; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre Inserm U1218, University of Bordeaux, France; and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
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Gould JF, Anderson PJ, Yelland LN, Gibson RA, Makrides M. The Influence of Prenatal DHA Supplementation on Individual Domains of Behavioral Functioning in School-Aged Children: Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092996. [PMID: 34578873 PMCID: PMC8472059 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accumulates in the fetal brain during pregnancy and is thought to have a role in supporting neurodevelopment. We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in women with a singleton pregnancy who were <21 weeks’ gestation at trial entry. Women were provided with 800 mg DHA/day or a placebo supplement from trial entry until birth. When children reached seven years of age, we invited parents to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and the Conners 3rd Edition Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Index to assess child behavior and behavioral manifestations of executive dysfunction. There were 543 parent–child pairs (85% of those eligible) that participated in the follow-up. Scores were worse in the DHA group than the placebo group for the BRIEF Global Executive, Behavioral Regulation and Metacognition Indexes, and the Shift, Inhibit, Monitor, Working Memory, and Organization of Materials scales, as well as for the Conners 3 ADHD index, and the SDQ Total Difficulties score, Hyperactivity/Inattention score, and Peer Relationship Problems score. In this healthy, largely term-born sample of children, prenatal DHA supplementation conferred no advantage to childhood behavior, and instead appeared to have an adverse effect on behavioral functioning, as assessed by standardized parental report scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F. Gould
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, Adelaide 5006, Australia; (L.N.Y.); (R.A.G.); (M.M.)
- School of Psychology & Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +618-128-4423
| | - Peter J. Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia;
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa N. Yelland
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, Adelaide 5006, Australia; (L.N.Y.); (R.A.G.); (M.M.)
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Robert A. Gibson
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, Adelaide 5006, Australia; (L.N.Y.); (R.A.G.); (M.M.)
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, Adelaide 5006, Australia; (L.N.Y.); (R.A.G.); (M.M.)
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Oken E, Thompson JW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Vilchuk K, Bogdanovich N, Hameza M, Yang S, Patel R, Kramer MS, Martin RM. Analysis of Maternal Prenatal Weight and Offspring Cognition and Behavior: Results From the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Cohort. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2121429. [PMID: 34410396 PMCID: PMC8377565 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Prenatal experiences can influence fetal brain development. OBJECTIVE To examine associations of maternal prenatal body mass index (BMI) with cognition and behavior of offspring born full-term. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study examined follow-up data from a breastfeeding promotion intervention at 31 hospitals and affiliated polyclinics in the Republic of Belarus. Participants included 11 276 children who were evaluated from birth (1996-1997) to adolescence (2017-2019), with maternal BMI information available in prenatal medical records. EXPOSURES Maternal BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, after 35 weeks gestation; secondary analyses examined maternal BMI at other time points and paternal BMI. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Trained pediatricians assessed child cognition with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence (WASI) at 6.5 years and the computerized self-administered NeuroTrax battery at 16 years, both with an approximate mean (SD) of 100 (15). Parents and teachers rated behaviors at 6.5 years using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, range 0-40). Mixed-effects linear regression analyses corrected for clustering, adjusted for the randomized intervention group and baseline parental sociodemographic characteristics, and were considered mediation by child BMI. RESULTS Among 11 276 participants, 9355 women (83%) were aged 20 to 34 years, 10 128 (89.8%) were married, and 11 050 (98.0%) did not smoke during pregnancy. Each 5-unit increase in of maternal late-pregnancy BMI (mean [SD], 27.2 [3.8]) was associated with lower offspring WASI performance intelligence quotient (IQ) (-0.52 points; 95% CI, -0.87 to -0.17 points) at 6.5 years and lower scores on 5 of 7 NeuroTrax subscales and the global cognitive score at 16 years (-0.67 points; 95% CI, -1.06 to -0.29 points). Results were similar after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy complications, and paternal BMI and were not mediated by child weight. Higher late pregnancy maternal BMI was also associated with more behavioral problems reported on the SDQ by teachers but not associated with parent-reported behaviors (externalizing behaviors: 0.13 points; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.24 points; and total difficulties: 0.14 points, 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.30 points). Results were similar for maternal BMI measured in the first trimester or postpartum. In contrast, higher 6.5-year paternal BMI was associated with slightly better child cognition (WASI verbal IQ: 0.42 points; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.82 points; NeuroTrax executive function score: 0.68 points; 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.12 points) and fewer teacher-reported behavioral problems (total difficulties: -0.29 points; 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.11 points). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study supports findings from animal experiments and human observational studies in settings with higher maternal BMI and obesity rates. Higher maternal prenatal BMI may be associated with poorer offspring brain development, although residual confounding cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer W. Thompson
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantin Vilchuk
- The National Research and Applied Medicine Mother and Child Centre, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Natalia Bogdanovich
- The National Research and Applied Medicine Mother and Child Centre, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Mikhail Hameza
- The National Research and Applied Medicine Mother and Child Centre, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Seungmi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rita Patel
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S. Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Nayda C, Gould J, Roberts RM. Psychologist attitudes, self-reported competence and practices associated with the use of dietary interventions for children presenting for psychological treatment. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1944788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cary Nayda
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Gould
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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Jangmo A, Kuja-Halkola R, Pérez-Vigil A, Almqvist C, Bulik CM, D’Onofrio B, Lichtenstein P, Ahnemark E, Werner-Kiechle T, Larsson H. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and occupational outcomes: The role of educational attainment, comorbid developmental disorders, and intellectual disability. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247724. [PMID: 33730071 PMCID: PMC7968636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with ADHD are at increased risk for poor occupational outcomes. Educational attainment and psychiatric comorbidity may be important contributing factors for these outcomes, but the role of these factors is not well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the associations between ADHD and occupational outcomes, and to examine the influence of educational attainment, comorbid developmental disorders and intellectual disability on these associations. Methods We linked the Swedish population graduating from compulsory school 1998–2008 (N = 1.2 millions) to population-wide register-based data on clinical psychiatric diagnoses and medications, objective annual measures of educational, and occupational outcomes. Individuals were followed for between 6 to 16 years after graduation. Results Individuals with ADHD had annually on average 17 percent lower income, ratio = 0.83 (95% CI 0.83–0.84), 12.19 (11.89–12.49) more days of unemployment, and a higher likelihood of receiving disability pension, odds-ratio = 19.0 (18.4–19.6), compared to controls. Comorbid diagnoses of intellectual disability and developmental disorder explained most of the association between ADHD and disability pension, while lifetime educational attainment partially explained associations between ADHD and all occupational outcomes. Analyses of occupational trajectories found that income was lower and unemployment elevated relative to controls with the same educational attainment. Higher educational attainment correlated with higher income similarly among individuals with ADHD and controls after accounting for individual background factors. Conclusions The occupational burden associated with ADHD is substantial. Comorbid developmental disorders, intellectual disability and educational difficulties (e.g., failing grades) from childhood to adulthood are important factors to consider when designing interventions to improve occupational outcomes in individuals with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jangmo
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Pérez-Vigil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clínic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian D’Onofrio
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ahnemark
- Medical Affairs, Shire Sweden AB, a Takeda Company, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamara Werner-Kiechle
- Global Medical Affairs, Shire International GmbH, a Takeda Company, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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16
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Gould JF, Roberts RM, Makrides M. The Influence of Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid, on Child Behavioral Functioning: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of DHA Supplementation in Pregnancy, the Neonatal Period and Infancy. Nutrients 2021; 13:415. [PMID: 33525526 PMCID: PMC7911027 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a review of randomized controlled trials using docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) interventions in the first 1000 days of life with assessments of behavioral functioning in childhood. Electronic databases were searched for trials with a DHA intervention (compared with a placebo group that received no or less DHA) at any time to either women or infants during the first 1000 days, with a subsequent assessment of child behavior. There were 25 trials involving 10,320 mother-child pairs, and 71 assessments of behavior in 6867 of the children (66.5% of those originally enrolled). From the 71 assessments administered, there were 401 comparisons between a DHA group and a control group, with most reporting a null effect. There were no findings of a positive effect of DHA, and 23 instances where the DHA group had worse scores compared with the control group. There was limited evidence that DHA supplementation had any effect on behavioral development, although two of the largest trials with behavioral measures detected adverse effects. Future trials, and future follow-ups of existing trials, should make an effort to evaluate the effect of DHA intervention on behavioral functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F. Gould
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, 5006 Adelaide, Australia;
- School of Psychology and Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachel M. Roberts
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia;
| | - Maria Makrides
- Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, 5006 Adelaide, Australia;
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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Koyama Y, Fujiwara T, Isumi A, Doi S. Is Japan's child allowance effective for the well-being of children? A statistical evaluation using data from K-CHILD study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1503. [PMID: 33023534 PMCID: PMC7542372 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Child allowance payment is one form of social security policy that aims to mitigate the child poverty gap by providing financial support to families. This study aimed to explore the impact of the child allowance on children’s physical and mental health (BMI, problem behavior, depression, and self-rated health), and parental investment in child health (children’s material goods, family events, extracurricular activities, interaction with children, and involvement in child maltreatment). Methods We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 Kochi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (K-CHILD) study. Participants were 1st, 5th and 8th grade children living in Kochi prefecture in Japan (N = 8207). Caregivers reported children’s child allowance status, BMI and behavior problems, while children filled out a self-assessment on depression and health condition. Propensity score matching analysis regarding potential confounders was used. Results We found that children in families that received child allowance showed a smaller total difficulties score by 1.29 points (95% CI: − 2.32 to − 0.25) and a lower risk of overweight (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.91) although there is no association with underweight, prosocial behavior, depressive symptoms and self-rated health. Parental investment did not differ by child allowance status (p > 0.05). Conclusions Child allowance was found to be potentially beneficial in decreasing behavior problems and reducing child overweight. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate how child allowance is used by family members and associated with children’s well-being. (230/350 words)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Koyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Florean IS, Dobrean A, Păsărelu CR, Georgescu RD, Milea I. The Efficacy of Internet-Based Parenting Programs for Children and Adolescents with Behavior Problems: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2020; 23:510-528. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Vergunst F, Tremblay RE, Nagin D, Zheng Y, Galera C, Park J, Beasley E, Algan Y, Vitaro F, Côté SM. Inattention in boys from low-income backgrounds predicts welfare receipt: a 30-year prospective study. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2001-2009. [PMID: 31481136 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood disruptive behaviors are highly prevalent and associated with adverse long-term social and economic outcomes. Trajectories of welfare receipt in early adulthood and the association of childhood behaviors with high welfare receipt trajectories have not been examined. METHODS Boys (n = 1000) from low socioeconomic backgrounds were assessed by kindergarten teachers for inattention, hyperactivity, aggression, opposition, and prosociality, and prospectively followed up for 30 years. We used group-base trajectory modeling to estimate trajectories of welfare receipt from age 19-36 years using government tax return records, then examined the association between teacher-rated behaviors and trajectory group membership using mixed effects multinomial regression models. RESULTS Three trajectories of welfare receipt were identified: low (70.8%), declining (19.9%), and chronic (9.3%). The mean annual personal employment earnings (US$) for the three groups at age 35/36 years was $36 500 (s.d. = $24 000), $15 600 (s.d. = $16 275), and $1700 (s.d. = $4800), respectively. Relative to the low welfare receipt group, a unit increase in inattention (mean = 2.64; s.d. = 2.32, range = 0-8) at age 6 was associated with an increased risk of being in the chronic group (relative risk ratio; RRR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.31) and in the declining group (RRR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.23), after adjustment for child IQ and family adversity, and independent of other behaviors. Family adversity was more strongly associated with trajectories of welfare receipt than any behavior. CONCLUSIONS Boys from disadvantaged backgrounds exhibiting high inattention in kindergarten are at elevated risk of chronic welfare receipt during adulthood. Screening and support for inattentive behaviors beginning in kindergarten could have long-term social and economic benefits for individuals and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vergunst
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cedric Galera
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Frank Vitaro
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Étage A, Local A-568, Montréal (Québec), Canada
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Effects of Social Development Intervention in Childhood on Adult Life at Ages 30 to 39. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:986-995. [PMID: 31152329 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-01023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Elementary schools can be effective sites for universal preventive interventions. Less is known about how long effects of intervention in elementary grades last. Can they improve outcomes in adulthood? To test effects of a social developmental intervention in the elementary grades on adult life through the 30s, the Seattle Social Development Project, a nonrandomized controlled trial, followed all consenting 5th-grade students (N = 808) from 18 Seattle public elementary schools from age 10 (in 1985) to age 39 (in 2014), with 88% retention. The sample was gender balanced and ethnically and economically diverse. The full intervention, called Raising Healthy Children, continued from Grades 1 through 6 and consisted of teacher in-service training in classroom management and instructional methods; cognitive, social, and refusal skills training for children; and parent workshops in child behavior monitoring and management, academic support, and anticipatory guidance. Using structural equation modeling, we examined intervention effects from age 30 to age 39 across 9 constructs indicating 3 domains of adult life: health behavior, positive functioning, and adult health and success. An omnibus test across all 9 constructs indicated a significant positive overall intervention-control difference. Examined individually, significant intervention effects included better health maintenance behavior, mental health, and overall adult health and success. Significant effects were not found on substance use disorder symptoms, sex-risk behaviors, or healthy close relationships in the 30s. Results indicate that sustained, theory-based, multicomponent intervention in the elementary grades can produce lasting changes in health maintenance, mental health, and adult functioning through the 30s.
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Domond P, Orri M, Algan Y, Findlay L, Kohen D, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Côté SM. Child Care Attendance and Educational and Economic Outcomes in Adulthood. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2019-3880. [PMID: 32527751 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test associations between onset of formal child care (in infancy or as a toddler), high school graduation, and employment earnings from ages 18 to 35 years. METHODS A 30-year prospective cohort follow-up study, with linkage to government administrative databases (N =3020). Exposure included formal child care, if any, by accredited caregivers in centers or residential settings at ages 6 months and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 years. A propensity score analysis was conducted to control for social selection bias. RESULTS Of 2905 participants with data on child care use, 59.4% of male participants and 78.5% of female participants completed high school by age 22 to 23. Mean income at last follow-up (n = 2860) was $47 000 (Canadian dollars) (SD = 37 700) and $32 500 (SD = 26 800), respectively. Using group-based trajectory modeling, we identified 3 groups: formal child care onset in infancy (∼6 months), formal child care onset as a toddler (after 2.5 years), and never exposed. After propensity score weighting, boys with child care started in infancy had greater odds of graduating than those never exposed (odds ratio [OR] 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.63; P < .001). Boys attending child care had reduced odds of low income as young adults (infant onset: OR 0.60 [95% CI: 0.46-0.84; P < .001]; toddler onset: OR 0.63 [95% CI: 0.45-0.82; P < .001]). Girls' graduation rates and incomes revealed no significant association with child care attendance. CONCLUSIONS For boys, formal child care was associated with higher high school completion rates and reduced risk of adult poverty. Benefits for boys may therefore extend beyond school readiness, academic performance, and parental workforce participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Domond
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada.,Social and Preventive Medecine, School of Public Health and
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yann Algan
- Sciences Po, Fench Economic Observatory (OFCE), Paris, France
| | - Leanne Findlay
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dafna Kohen
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada.,School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Psychology, and.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada; .,Social and Preventive Medecine, School of Public Health and.,Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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22
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Vergunst F, Tremblay RE, Nagin D, Algan Y, Beasley E, Park J, Galera C, Vitaro F, Côté SM. Association Between Childhood Behaviors and Adult Employment Earnings in Canada. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:1044-1051. [PMID: 31215972 PMCID: PMC6584893 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Importance Specifying the association between childhood behaviors and adult earnings can inform the development of screening tools and preventive interventions to enhance social integration and economic participation. Objective To test the association between behaviors at age 6 years and employment earnings at age 33 to 35 years. Design, Setting, and Participants This study obtained data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children, a population-based sample of boys and girls (n = 3020) born in 1980 or 1981 in Quebec, Canada, and followed up from January 1, 1985, to December 31, 2015. The data included behavioral ratings by kindergarten teachers when the children were aged 5 or 6 years and 2013 to 2015 government tax returns of those same participants at age 33 to 35 years. Data were analyzed from September 2017 to December 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to test the associations between teacher-rated inattention, hyperactivity, aggression, opposition, anxiety, and prosociality at age 6 years and reported annual earnings on income tax returns at age 33 to 35 years. Participant IQ and family adversity were adjusted for in the analysis. Results The study included 2850 participants, with a mean (SD) age of 35.9 (0.29) years, of whom 1470 (51.6%) were male and 2740 (96.2%) were white. The mean (SD) personal earnings at follow-up were US $33 300 ($27 500) for men and $19 400 ($15 200) for women. A 1-unit increase in inattention score at age 6 years (males mean [SD], 2.47 [2.42] vs females mean [SD], 1.67 [2.07]) was associated with a decrease in annual earnings of $1271.49 (95% CI, -1908.67 to -634.30) for male participants and $924.25 (95% CI, -1424.44 to -425.46) for female participants. A combined aggression-opposition score (males mean [SD] 2.22 [2.52] vs females mean [SD], 1.05 [1.73]) was associated with a reduction in earnings of $699.83 (95% CI, -1262.49 to -137.17) for males only, albeit with an effect size roughly half that of inattention. A 1-unit increase in prosociality score (males mean [SD], 6.12 [4.30] vs females mean [SD], 7.90 [4.56]) was associated with an increase in earnings of $476.75 (95% CI, 181.53-771.96) for male participants only. A 1-SD reduction in inattention score at age 6 years would theoretically restore $3077 in annual earnings for male participants and $1915 for female participants. Conclusions and Relevance In this large population-based sample of kindergarten children, behavioral ratings at 5-6 years were associated with employment earnings 3 decades later, independent of a person's IQ and family background. Inattention and aggression-opposition were associated with lower annual employment earnings, and prosociality with higher earnings but only among male participants; inattention was the only behavioral predictor of income among girls. Early monitoring and support for children demonstrating high inattention and for boys exhibiting high aggression-opposition and low prosocial behaviors could have long-term advantages for those individuals and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vergunst
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard E. Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Nagin
- Carnegie Mellon University, Heinz College of Information Systems and Public Policy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yann Algan
- Sciences Po, Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Economiques, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Beasley
- Centre pour la Recherche Economique et Ses Applications, Paris, France
| | | | - Cedric Galera
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvana M. Côté
- Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, Centre Hospitalier Perrens, Bordeaux, France
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Bethell CD, Gombojav N, Whitaker RC. Family Resilience And Connection Promote Flourishing Among US Children, Even Amid Adversity. Health Aff (Millwood) 2019; 38:729-737. [DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina D. Bethell
- Christina D. Bethell is a professor in the Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, in Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Narangerel Gombojav
- Narangerel Gombojav is an assistant scientist in the Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Robert C. Whitaker
- Robert C. Whitaker is director of research and research education at the Columbia-Bassett Program of the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York, New York, and the Bassett Medical Center, in Cooperstown, New York. He is also affiliated with the Bassett Research Institute at the Bassett Medical Center, in Cooperstown
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