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Dennis CL, Giesbrecht G, Letourneau N. Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on early child development: exploring individual variations, nursery daycare quality and parental depression. Evid Based Nurs 2024; 27:97. [PMID: 37935569 DOI: 10.1136/ebnurs-2023-103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerry Giesbrecht
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Salanti G, Peter NL, Tonia T, Holloway A, Darwish L, Kessler RC, White I, Vigod SN, Egger M, Haas AD, Fazel S, Herrman H, Kieling C, Patel V, Li T, Cuijpers P, Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Leucht S. Changes in the prevalence of mental health problems during the first year of the pandemic: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. BMJ MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 27:e301018. [PMID: 38876492 PMCID: PMC11177678 DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To describe the pattern of the prevalence of mental health problems during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and examine the impact of containment measures on these trends. METHODS We identified articles published until 30 August 2021 that reported the prevalence of mental health problems in the general population at two or more time points. A crowd of 114 reviewers extracted data on prevalence, study and participant characteristics. We collected information on the number of days since the first SARS-CoV-2 infection in the study country, the stringency of containment measures and the number of cases and deaths. We synthesised changes in prevalence during the pandemic using a random-effects model. We used dose-response meta-analysis to evaluate the trajectory of the changes in mental health problems. RESULTS We included 41 studies for 7 mental health conditions. The average odds of symptoms increased during the pandemic (mean OR ranging from 1.23 to 2.08). Heterogeneity was very large and could not be explained by differences in participants or study characteristics. Average odds of psychological distress, depression and anxiety increased during the first 2 months of the pandemic, with increased stringency of the measures, reported infections and deaths. The confidence in the evidence was low to very low. CONCLUSIONS We observed an initial increase in the average risk of psychological distress, depression-related and anxiety-related problems during the first 2 months of the pandemic. However, large heterogeneity suggests that different populations had different responses to the challenges imposed by the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Salanti
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Luise Peter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomy Tonia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Holloway
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leila Darwish
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ian White
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simone N Vigod
- Women's College Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthias Egger
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Andreas D Haas
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Seena Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Herrman
- Orygen and Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tianjing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- International Institute for Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Toshi A Furukawa
- Office of Institutional Advancement and Communications, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Stefan Leucht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Katz DL. COVID19 and the Follies of History: Forebodings that Forewarned is Not Forearmed. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241258033. [PMID: 38836420 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241258033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 was the first pandemic of the internet age. Beginning at a time of great societal division in the United States (and globally), pandemic responses were further beleaguered by the viral proliferation of information, disinformation, and propaganda-collectively, an "infodemic." Polarized, blinkered views of the crisis precluded a balanced consideration of objectives, opportunities, and ineluctable trade-offs between the risks of actions and corresponding inactions. The results were lapses in both directions, greatly amplifying the pandemic toll. Persistence of this costly fractiousness is now spawning monocular critiques of the pandemic response, with neglect of essential nuance. There is a better pandemic that might have been, and the chance for far better responses to the next- but only if the follies of this history are lessons learned and applied. Failing that, the risk looms that having been amply forewarned of our liabilities, we will fail to be forearmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Katz
- True Health Initiative, The Health Sciences Academy, London, England, UK
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4
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Abe C, Shimatani K, Tsumura K, Takaguchi K, Nakayama Y, Hayashi T, Mori C, Suzuki N. Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of primary schoolchildren during the later phase of the pandemic: A case report of an 18-month longitudinal survey in a Japanese primary school. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 7:100471. [PMID: 38328526 PMCID: PMC10847696 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Drastic changes such as school closures and stay-at-home measures due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, may have long-term negative effects on children's mental health; however, longitudinal studies after 2021 are limited. This study aimed to observe the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's mental health by exploring changes in their mental health over a period of 18 months. Study design We conducted a longitudinal study at Chiba Prefecture in Japan, focusing on schoolchildren's mental health changes. Methods Data were obtained from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) questionnaire conducted at single primary school three times from October 2021 to March 2023 which and included 183 participants. This study adopted a linear-mixed model to evaluate changes in children's SDQ scores, with sex and grade as the independent variables, and participants as a random effect. Results Regarding changes in SDQ scores, there were no significant changes in the total difficulty scores or in each subscale; Emotional Symptoms, Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity/Inattention, Peer Problems, and Prosocial Behavior. There was no statistically significant interaction between changes in SDQ scores and sex. Conclusions This report indicates that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Japanese primary schoolchildren was negligible in the later phase of the pandemic. However, the impact may differ from country to country owing to factors such as social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Abe
- Department of Architecture, Division of Creative Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - K. Shimatani
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - K. Tsumura
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - K. Takaguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Y. Nakayama
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - T. Hayashi
- Department of Architecture and Urban Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - C. Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - N. Suzuki
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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Johnson SB, Kuehn M, Lambert JO, Spin JP, Klein LM, Howard B, Sturner R, Perrin EM. Developmental Milestone Attainment in US Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:586-594. [PMID: 38648043 PMCID: PMC11036311 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Importance Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of young children, but the association between the pandemic and any changes in early childhood developmental milestone achievement in the US remains unclear. Objectives To determine the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in developmental screening scores among US children aged 0 to 5 years and to investigate whether caregivers self-reported more worries about their children or concerns about children's behavior during the pandemic, regardless of milestone achievement. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cohort study using an interrupted time series analysis comparing prepandemic (March 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020), interruption (March 1 to May 31, 2020), and intrapandemic (June 1, 2020, to May 30, 2022) periods among 50 205 children (randomly sampled from a population of 502 052 children) aged 0 to 5 years whose parents or caregivers completed developmental screening at pediatric visits at US pediatric primary care practices participating in a web-based clinical process support system. Exposure COVID-19 pandemic period. Main Outcomes and Measures Age-standardized Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ) domain scores (communication, personal-social, problem-solving, gross motor, fine motor), and rate of caregivers' concerns about the child's behavior or worries about the child as measured on the ASQ. Results A total of 50 205 children (25 852 [51.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 18.6 [16.0] months) and 134 342 ASQ observations were included. In adjusted models, significant age-specific mean score decreases from prepandemic to intrapandemic were observed in communication (-0.029; 95% CI, -0.041 to -0.017), problem-solving (-0.018; 95% CI, -0.030 to -0.006), and personal-social (-0.016; 95% CI, -0.028 to -0.004) domains. There were no changes in fine or gross motor domains prepandemic to intrapandemic. For infants aged 0 to 12 months, similar effect sizes were observed but only for communication (-0.027; 95% CI, -0.044 to -0.011) and problem-solving (-0.018; 95% CI, -0.035 to -0.001). After accounting for age-standardized ASQ scores, caregiver worries about the child increased slightly in the intrapandemic period compared with the prepandemic period (rate ratio, 1.088; 95% CI, 1.036-1.143), but there were no changes in caregiver concerns about the child's behavior. While changes in developmental screening scores were modest (2%-3%), nationwide, this could translate to more than 1500 additional recommended developmental referrals over baseline each month. Conclusions and Relevance Modest changes in developmental screening scores are reassuring in the short term but may tax an already overburdened developmental behavioral pediatrics infrastructure. Continued attention to developmental surveillance is critical since the long-term population- and individual-level implications of these changes are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Molly Kuehn
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer O. Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Lauren M. Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- CHADIS, Inc, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raymond Sturner
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Promotion of Child Development Through Primary Care, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eliana M. Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
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Fajardo-Martinez V, Ferreira F, Fuller T, Cambou MC, Kerin T, Paiola S, Mok T, Rao R, Mohole J, Paravastu R, Zhang D, Marschik P, Iyer S, Kesavan K, Borges Lopes MDC, Britto JAA, Moreira ME, Brasil P, Nielsen-Saines K. Neurodevelopmental delay in children exposed to maternal SARS-CoV-2 in-utero. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11851. [PMID: 38789553 PMCID: PMC11126599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
It is unclear if SARS CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental repercussions to infants. We assessed pediatric neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born to mothers with laboratory-confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of in-utero exposed children were compared to that of pre-pandemic control children in Los Angeles (LA), CA, USA and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III), the gold standard tool for evaluating neurodevelopment until 36 months of age and Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3), a frequently used screening instrument for evaluating neurodevelopment in this same age group were the assessment tools used. Developmental delay (DD) was defined as having a score < - 2 SD below the norm (< 70) in at least one of three Bayley-III domains, (cognitive, motor or language) or a score below the cut-off (dark zone) in at least one of five ASQ-3 domains (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, personal-social). Exposed children were born between April 2020 and December 2022 while control children were born between January 2016 to December 2019. Neurodevelopmental testing was performed in 300 children total: 172 COVID-19 exposed children between 5-30 months of age and 128 control children between 6-38 months of age. Bayley-III results demonstrated that 12 of 128 exposed children (9.4%) had DD versus 2 of 128 controls (1.6%), p = 0.0007. Eight of 44 additional exposed children had DD on ASQ-3 testing. Fully, 20 of 172 exposed children (11.6%) and 2 of 128 control children (1.6%), p = 0.0006 had DD. In Rio, 12% of exposed children versus 2.6% of controls, p = 0.02 had DD. In LA, 5.7% of exposed children versus 0 controls, p = 0.12 had DD. Severe/critical maternal COVID-19 predicted below average neurodevelopment in the exposed cohort (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.4). Children exposed to antenatal COVID-19 have a tenfold higher frequency of DD as compared to controls and should be offered neurodevelopmental follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trevon Fuller
- UCLA Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Tara Kerin
- David Geffen, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Paiola
- David Geffen, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thalia Mok
- David Geffen, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rashmi Rao
- David Geffen, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jyodi Mohole
- David Geffen, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Dajie Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen and Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience (IDN), Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Marschik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen and Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience (IDN), Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sai Iyer
- David Geffen, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Christakis DA. JAMA Pediatrics-The Year in Review, 2023. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:433-434. [PMID: 38497984 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri A Christakis
- Editor, JAMA Pediatrics
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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Ozawa M. Patient- and Family-Centered Care During Infectious Disease Outbreaks: An International Perspective. Adv Neonatal Care 2023; 23:489-490. [PMID: 38038667 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
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