1
|
Nasal Dimple as a Rare Phenotype of Digeroge Syndrome: Revisited. Indian J Pediatr 2018; 85:243-244. [PMID: 28929432 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
2
|
Karl K, Creton F, Thiel G, Sarioglu N, Heling KS, Chaoui R. Prenatal diagnosis of a nasal cyst in association with deletion 22q11 syndrome: a report of two cases. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:999-1001. [PMID: 21710588 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
3
|
Finch PT, Pivnick EK, Furman W, Odom CC. Wilms tumor in a patient with 22q11.2 microdeletion. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1162-4. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Giffoni SDA, Cendes F, Valente M, Gil-Da-Silva-Lopes VL. Malformations of Cortical Development in Patients with Midline Facial Defects and Ocular Hypertelorism. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2010; 47:343-51. [DOI: 10.1597/08-167.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We studied the neuroimaging and neurophysiological aspects of 17 patients with midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism (MFDH). Methods The investigation protocol included a previous semistructured questionnaire about family history; gestational, neonatal, and postnatal development; and dysmorphologic and neurologic evaluation. Recognized monogenic disorders and individuals with other well-known conditions were excluded. All patients had high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and routine electroencephalograms (EEGs). Results We detected abnormalities in five patients whose MRIs had been previously reported as normal. MRI showed central nervous system (CNS) structural abnormalities in all patients, which included commissural alterations in 16/17 (94%), malformations of cortical development in 10/17 (58%), disturbances of neural tube closure in 7/17 (42%), and posterior fossa anomalies in 6/17 (35%). Some patients had more than one type of malformation occurring at different stages of the embryonary process. EEGs showed epileptiform activity in 4/17 (24%) and background abnormalities in 5/17 (29%) of patients. Conclusion This study clearly demonstrated the presence of structural and functional neurologic alterations related to MFDH. Therefore, the CNS anomalies cannot be considered incidental findings but an intrinsic part of this condition, which could be related to environmental effects and/or genetic mutations. These findings would provide a basis for future investigations on MFDH and should also be considered when planning rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvyo David Araújo Giffoni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Valente
- Department of Radiology, Instituto da Criança, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Gil-Da-Silva-Lopes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McDonald-McGinn DM, Zackai EH. Genetic counseling for the 22q11.2 deletion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 14:69-74. [PMID: 18636638 DOI: 10.1002/ddrr.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of advances in palliative medical care, children with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome are surviving into adulthood. An increase in reproductive fitness will likely follow necessitating enhanced access to genetic counseling for these patients and their families. Primary care physicians/obstetric practitioners are in a unique position to identify previously undiagnosed patients as they reach reproductive age and to refer them for genetic counseling. To date, most deletions are de novo, secondary to homologous recombination between low-copy repeat sequences located within 22q11.2. Nonetheless, both somatic and germ line mosaicism has been observed giving unaffected parents a small risk of recurrence. Once present though there is a 50% chance for a person with this contiguous deletion to have an affected child. With this in mind, a variety of prenatal monitoring techniques, as well as, preimplantation genetic diagnosis are available depending on the specific level of risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, Maciel-Guerra AT. A clinical study of 31 individuals with midline facial defects with hypertelorism and a guideline for follow-up. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2008; 65:396-401. [PMID: 17665003 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2007000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to contribute to clinical delineation of midline facial defects with hypertelorism (MFDH) and to etiologic diagnosis of the isolated form, 31 patients with MFDH unaffected by known syndromic associations were evaluated. Group A included patients personally examined by the authors, while Group B included those previously evaluated by other geneticists. Among the 14 patients from Group A, there were 7 with distinct pictures of multiple congenital anomalies. In Group B, 5 of the 17 patients also exhibited a distinct pattern of defects. Among isolated MFDH, there was association with anomalies of the skull and facial bones (13/14), otorhinologic (11/16), central nervous system (9/16), and ocular (6/7), and audiologic (3/16); 1/3 of the cases had a relevant gestational intercurrences. Isolated FNM may have involvement of environmental components in some cases; the possibility of a syndromic picture should be extensive investigated. Follow-up of such patients must include the examinations herein performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Departamento de Genética Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu E, Vargevik K, Slavotinek AM. Subtypes of frontonasal dysplasia are useful in determining clinical prognosis. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 143A:3069-78. [PMID: 17955515 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Frontonasal dysplasia [FND; OMIM 136760] results from abnormal morphogenesis of the frontonasal process with disruption of the formation of the facial midline. Craniofacial anomalies in FND include anterior cranium bifidum, ocular hypertelorism, orofacial clefting and notching or clefting of the alae nasi. The majority of FND cases are sporadic and discordance has been demonstrated in monozygotic twin pairs, arguing against a strong inherited component in pathogenesis. However, pedigrees with Mendelian inheritance and non-recurrent chromosome aberrations in FND patients demonstrate that gene mutations or cytogenetic imbalance can also be important in the etiology of this phenotype. We classified 101 reported cases of FND from the medical literature and three new cases into seven separate FND phenotypic subtypes in addition to isolated FND. Our aim was to evaluate FND patients for distinct phenotypes within the FND spectrum and to determine the evidence for a genetic etiology in each of the different subtypes. Our analysis showed significant differences in the severity of the accompanying malformations and the rates of learning disabilities in the FND subtypes, although the small patient numbers and method of patient ascertainment may have influenced the data. The results suggest that cases with FND should be evaluated for additional anomalies, as these may help to determine prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) is a congenital malformation characterized by hypertelorism, broad nasion with a midline cleft in the bony dorsum, midline defect of the frontal bone, absence of the nasal tip, and deformities in the nasal alar region. The clinician should be aware of the mild forms of FND. We presented absence of crista galli in a mild case of FND. Computed tomography scanning should assess the facial bones, nose, and paranasal structures. If a surgical correction is planned, this complete work-up prevents unexpected complications and complements the evaluation of paranasal deformities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erkhan Genç
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, 6. Cadde 72/2, 06490 Bahçelievler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
McDonald-McGinn DM, LaRossa D, Goldmuntz E, Sullivan K, Eicher P, Gerdes M, Moss E, Wang P, Solot C, Schultz P, Lynch D, Bingham P, Keenan G, Weinzimer S, Ming JE, Driscoll D, Clark BJ, Markowitz R, Cohen A, Moshang T, Pasquariello P, Randall P, Emanuel BS, Zackai EH. The 22q11.2 deletion: screening, diagnostic workup, and outcome of results; report on 181 patients. GENETIC TESTING 2001; 1:99-108. [PMID: 10464633 DOI: 10.1089/gte.1997.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A submicroscopic deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 has been identified in the majority of patients with the DiGeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, conotruncal anomaly face syndrome, and in some patients with isolated conotruncal cardiac anomalies, Opitz G/BBB syndrome, and Cayler cardiofacial syndrome. We have evaluated 181 patients with this deletion. We describe our cohort of patients, how they presented, and what has been learned by having the same subspecialists evaluate all of the children. The results help define the extremely variable phenotype associated with this submicroscopic deletion and will assist clinicians in formulating a management plan based on these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
22q11 deletion syndrome (22qDS) is due to microdeletions of chromosome region 22q11.2. Little is known about the phenotype of adults. We reviewed available case reports of adults (age >/=18 years) with 22qDS and compared the prevalence of key findings to those reported in a large European survey of 22qDS (497 children and 61 adults) [Ryan et al., 1997: J. Med. Genet. 34:798-804]. Fifty-five studies reported on 126 adults (83 women, 40 men, 3 unknown sex), mean age 29.6 years (SD = 8.7 years). Compared with the European survey, adults with 22qDS reviewed had a lower rate of CHD, 30% versus 75%; chi(2) = 88.65, df = 1, P < 0.0001, but higher rates of identified palate anomalies, 88% versus 15%; chi(2) = 37.45, df = 1, P < 0.0001, and learning difficulties, 94% versus 79%; chi(2) = 12.13, df = 1, P = < 0.0008. The most common finding reported was minor facial anomalies. Few reports provided details of minor physical anomalies. Psychiatric conditions were more prevalent, 36% versus 18%; chi(2)= 5.71, df = 1, P < 0.02, than in the survey: 60% of reviewed adults were transmitting parents (72% mothers) ascertained following diagnosis of affected offspring. They had lower rates of CHD, cleft palate, and psychiatric disorders but similar rates of learning disabilities, and other palate and facial anomalies compared with adults ascertained by other methods. The results suggest that learning disabilities and facial and palate anomalies may be key findings in 22qDS adults, but that ascertainment is a key factor in the observed phenotype. Comprehensive studies of adults with 22qDS identified independently of familial transmission are necessary to further delineate the phenotype of adults and to determine the natural history of the syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Cohen
- Schizophrenia Research Program, Queen Street Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
|