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Germinara GS, Pistillo OM, D'Isita I, Di Palma AM, Rotundo G, Guidotti M, Psaro R, Caselli A, Econdi S, Gargani E, Cutino I, Benvenuti C, Roversi PF. Inhibitory activity of some short-chain aliphatic aldehydes on pheromone and ammonium carbonate-mediated attraction in olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38940484 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The olive fruit fly (OFF), Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is the main insect pest of olive trees worldwide. Legislation limits to the use of some synthetic larvicidal insecticides is leading to the development of new control options for preventive control of adult flies. In the present study, the biological activity of four short-chain aliphatic aldehydes, namely hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, heptanal and (E)-2-heptenal, previously reported as repellents to the OFF adults was investigated. RESULTS Electroantennography (EAG) recordings showed that antennae of OFF males and females are able to perceive the test compounds in a wide range of doses. In field trapping experiments, reservoir-type polypropylene (PP) membrane dispensers loaded with individual compounds did not elicit a significant attraction of OFF males and females. On the contrary, a significant reduction of male catches was noticed when sex pheromone dispensers and PP membrane dispensers, loaded with one of the test compounds, were applied on the same white sticky traps ≈20 cm apart. Likewise, male and female catches in yellow sticky traps baited with ammonium carbonate (AC) dispensers as food attractant were significantly reduced by the presence of PP membrane dispensers of individual aliphatic aldehydes on the same traps. In small plots control trials, solid formulations of the four aldehydes into a bentonite clay support induced a significant reduction of the OFF active infestation mainly when C6 and C7 aldehyde-activated bentonites were used. CONCLUSION Short-chain aliphatic aldehydes showed inhibitory effects on sex pheromone and food attractant-mediated attraction of OFF. Results of field trials suggest potential of short-chain aliphatic aldehydes to develop new semiochemical-based OFF control options. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinto Salvatore Germinara
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Onofrio Marco Pistillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Isita
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Marta Di Palma
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rotundo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Matteo Guidotti
- CNR-SCITEC, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta", Milan, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Psaro
- CNR-SCITEC, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta", Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caselli
- CNR-SCITEC, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta", Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Econdi
- CNR-SCITEC, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta", Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gargani
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria CREA DC-Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cutino
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria CREA DC-Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Benvenuti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria CREA DC-Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione, Florence, Italy
| | - Pio Federico Roversi
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria CREA DC-Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione, Florence, Italy
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Adak T, Mahanty A, Jena S, Gadratagi BG, Patil N, Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi G, Annamalai M, Golive P, Rath PC. Volatolomics to Decrypt the Monophagous Nature of a Rice Pest, Scirpophaga Incertulas (Walker). J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01498-7. [PMID: 38637418 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, yellow stem borer, YSB) is a monophagous insect pest that causes significant yield loss in rice (Oryza staiva L.). Semiochemical based pest management is being sought as an alternate to chemical pesticides to reduce pesticide footprints. We hypothesized differential release of volatiles from host rice and two companion non-host weeds, Echinochloa colona and Echinochloa crus-galli could be responsible for oviposition and biology of YSB and these chemicals could be used for YSB management. Number of eggs laid, and number of larvae hatched were significantly higher in rice plant as compared to weeds. YSB could only form dead hearts in rice plants. YSB significantly preferred host-plant volatiles compared to the non-host plants both in choice and no-choice tests in an Y-tube olfactometer. 2-Hexenal, hexanal, 2,4-hexadienal, benzaldehyde, nonanal, methyl salicylate and decanal were found in the leaf volatolomes of both the host and non-host plants in HS-SPME-GC-MS (Headspace-Solid phase micro extraction-Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometer). Pentene-3-one, 2-pentyl furan, 2,4-heptadienal, 2-octenal, 2-octenol and menthol were present only in the non-host plants. Fourteen rice unique compounds were also detected. The built-in PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and PLS-DA (Partial least squares-discriminant analysis) analysis in the MS-DIAL tool showed that the volatiles emitted from TN1 formed a cluster distinct from Echinochloa spp. and 2-octenal was identified as a unique compound. Olfactometer bioassays using synthetic compounds showed that rice unique compounds, like xylene, hexanal served as attractants whereas non-host unique compounds, like 2-pentylfuran, 2-octenal acted as repellent. The results indicate that the rice unique compounds xylene, hexanal along with other volatile compounds could be responsible for higher preference of YSB towards rice plants. Similarly, the non-host unique compounds 2-pentylfuran, 2-octenal could possibly be responsible for lower preference and defence against YSB. These compounds could be utilised for devising traps for YSB monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Totan Adak
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
- Division of Crop Protection, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, India.
| | - Arabinda Mahanty
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Somanatha Jena
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | | | - Naveenkumar Patil
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | | | | | - Prasanthi Golive
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
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Thomas G, Caulfield J, Nikolaeva-Reynolds L, Birkett MA, Vuts J. Solvent Extraction of PDMS Tubing as a New Method for the Capture of Volatile Organic Compounds from Headspace. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:85-99. [PMID: 38246946 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tubing is increasingly being used to collect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from static biological headspace. However, analysis of VOCs collected using PDMS tubing often deploys thermal desorption, where samples are considered as 'one-offs' and cannot be used in multiple experiments. In this study, we developed a static headspace VOC collection method using PDMS tubing which is solvent-based, meaning that VOC extracts can be used multiple times and can be linked to biological activity. Using a synthetic blend containing a range of known semiochemicals (allyl isothiocyanate, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-one, nonanal, (E)-anethol, (S)-bornyl acetate, (E)-caryophyllene and pentadecane) with differing chemical and physicochemical properties, VOCs were collected in static headspace by exposure to PDMS tubing with differing doses, sampling times and lengths. In a second experiment, VOCs from oranges were collected using PDMS sampling of static headspace versus dynamic headspace collection. VOCs were eluted with diethyl ether and analysed using gas chromatography - flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and coupled GC - mass spectrometry. GC-FID analysis of collected samples showed that longer PDMS tubes captured significantly greater quantities of compounds than shorter tubes, and that sampling duration significantly altered the recovery of all tested compounds. Moreover, greater quantities of compounds were recovered from closed compared to open systems. Finally, analysis of orange headspace VOCs showed no qualitative differences in VOCs recovered compared to dynamic headspace collections, although quantities sampled using PDMS tubing were lower. In summary, extraction of PDMS tubing with diethyl ether solvent captures VOCs from the headspace of synthetic blends and biological samples, and the resulting extracts can be used for multiple experiments linking VOC content to biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Thomas
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - John Caulfield
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Michael A Birkett
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - József Vuts
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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Parmar D, Verma S, Sharma D, Singh E. Semiochemical based integrated livestock pest control. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:49. [PMID: 38236343 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The role of arthropods as livestock pests has been well established. Besides their biting habits causing nuisance in animals; they are important vectors for transmission of economically important livestock diseases worldwide. Various pests and vector control managemental programs that also make use of chemicals have variable success rates. Consequently, insecticide/acaricide resistance has been reported against most of the commonly used chemicals along with increased concern for environment and demand for clean and green, residue-free animal products. This calls for an urgent need to develop novel, alternate, effective strategies/technologies. This lays the foundation for the use of semiochemicals as alternatives along with other biological control agents. Current knowledge on semiochemical use in livestock is refined and limited; however, it has been widely exploited in the agricultural sector to control plant and food crop pests, surveillance, and monitoring. Semiochemicals have an added advantage of being natural and safe; however, knowledge of extraction and quantification by using assays needs to be explicit. Expertise is required in behavioral and electrophysiological studies of arthropods and their interactions with the host and environment targeting specific semiochemicals for promising results. A thorough prior understanding on aspects such as mechanism of action, the stimulus for the release, the effecter/target species, response produced, application methods, dose and concentration is required to develop any successful pest/vector control program. The current review provides essential and frontline information on semiochemicals and their potential applications in the livestock sector along with future challenges and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Parmar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, 176062, India.
| | - Subhash Verma
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, 176062, India
| | - Devina Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, 176062, India
| | - Ekta Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, 176062, India
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D'Isita I, Di Palma AM, De Vita P, Germinara GS. Acceptance and utilization efficiency of a purple durum wheat genotype by Sitophilus granarius (L.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:14246. [PMID: 37648729 PMCID: PMC10468511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) is a major primary pest of stored cereals throughout the world. Among the major classes of plant secondary metabolites, flavonoids can affect insect feeding behaviour and their growth rate. In this study, the susceptibility of an anthocyanin-rich purple durum wheat genotype (T1303) to the granary weevil was evaluated in comparison with two yellow durum (Ofanto) and bread (Mec) wheat varieties. The feeding response and food utilisation efficiency by adult insects was also investigated by calculating nutritional indices in whole flour disk bioassays. Different levels of susceptibility to granary weevil emerged among genotypes tested. The mean food consumption by an insect, F1 progeny, and female parental offspring calculated for the T1303 genotype were significantly lower than those of yellow kernel wheat varieties. Moreover, T1303 genotype induced deterrence in the adult insects as demonstrated by the positive values of the food deterrence index. Besides, relative grow rate and efficiency conversion of ingested food indices were negative for T1303 and positive for both yellow wheat varieties indicating respectively a decrease and an increase of insect body weight during the bioassays. Finally, a higher mortality rate was recorded for insects fed on T1303 flour disks compared to disks obtained from yellow wheat varieties. These results provide evidence for the antifeedant and toxic effects of anthocyanins present in the T1303 pericarp against the granary weevil. Overall, this study contributes new insights into the mechanisms of host acceptance and food utilization by S. granarius and would be useful to identify antifeedant flavonoids as well as to develop varietal resistance-based strategies against this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria D'Isita
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Marta Di Palma
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- CREA Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giacinto Salvatore Germinara
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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McGlone JJ, Archer C, Henderson M. Interpretive review: Semiochemicals in domestic pigs and dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:967980. [PMID: 36387395 PMCID: PMC9640746 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.967980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This interpretive review includes discussion of the available scientific literature with interpretations by the authors. The broad field of semiochemicals can be confusing to scientists and consumers. This review attempts to summarize the known scientific studies for pig and dog semiochemicals while at the same time attempting to refine our use of terminology. The specific objectives of this interpretive review are to summarize and interpret much of the key scientific literature (but not the lay literature) on semiochemicals in pigs and dogs to include (1) definitions of semiochemicals and related molecules including pheromones, (2) to briefly summarize olfactory organs, and (3) and to examine the scientific literature for semiochemical mechanisms and applications in dogs and pigs (two domesticated species with known olfactory acuity). Dogs and pigs have olfactory features that are similar in that they both lack certain olfactory organs (Grueneberg ganglion and Septal Organ) and they have a small vomeronasal organ (VNO) without some major receptors that are found in other species. The primary olfactory organs for both pigs and dogs are the main olfactory epithelium and perhaps the trigeminal nerve. Several examples of pheromones activating the brain via the MOE or Trigeminal nerve rather than the VNO challenge the concept that the VNO is the site of pheromone sensing. We believe it is not appropriate to label something a pheromone when evidence is not available to show that it is a pheromone. We offer definitions for the terms semiochemicals, pheromones, interomones and others and then determine if the evidence is sufficient to call certain semiochemicals a pheromone. Here we review mixed, largely negative, scientific reports of the efficacy of some products labeled as "pheromones" that are more appropriately called semiochemicals. Interomones can have a more powerful effect on dog behavior and physiology than semiochemicals marketed as pheromones. Because marketing of semiochemicals is far ahead of the science, bringing some logic and uniformity to the field will benefit animals and hopefully cause less consumer confusion. Semiochemicals have the potential to offer powerful solutions to behavioral problems using more naturally occurring molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. McGlone
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior, Physiology and Welfare, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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The Correlation between Volatile Compounds Emitted from Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Its Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050478. [PMID: 35621812 PMCID: PMC9147048 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Postharvest loss has become a crucial issue for the grain supply chain. Storage of grain without losses in quality is a critically important aspect of global food security. The monitoring and detection of insect infestations in stored grain is essential to inform pest management decisions. Insect olfaction is a principal sensory modality for sensing semiochemicals from their external environment and regulates their behaviors. Some semiochemicals function as attractants or repellents, which could be used for insect surveillance and pest control. In this study, the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.), was used as an example to evaluate volatile compounds released from the weevils’ and their initiated electrophysiological and behavioral responses. An improved understanding of S.granarius chemical ecology will lead to developing more efficient and environmentally friendly pest control strategies and technologies. Abstract The granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) is one of the most serious primary insect pests of stored products. When S. granarius present in grains, various volatile organic compounds are released as chemical signals which can be used to detect the insects. In this study, volatile chemical compounds released from S. granarius were analyzed using the headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Two key compounds, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 1-pentadecene, were identified from mixed gender of S. granarius adults at high density. Moreover, both male and female adults showed dose-dependent electroantennography (EAG) responses to 3-hydroxy-2-butanone. In behavioral assays, S. granarius was attracted to 3-hydroxy-2-butanone at 0.001 µg/10 µL but repelled at 10 µg/10 µL or higher. S. granarius was consistently repelled by 1-pentadecene at concentrations at 0.001 and 1000 µg/10 µL. 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 1-pentadecene have considerable potential to offer in the development of new approaches for the monitoring and management of this destructive stored grain insect pest.
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Gowton CM, Cabra-Arias C, Carrillo J. Intercropping With Peppermint Increases Ground Dwelling Insect and Pollinator Abundance and Decreases Drosophila suzukii in Fruit. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.700842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercropping can be used to reduce pest insects within agricultural systems, e.g., through deterring pests directly or by increasing habitat for their natural enemies. For example, plant produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can deter or confuse host-finding by insects through olfactory disruption. Drosophila suzukii is an invasive fruit fly of agricultural concern as it can lay its eggs in both ripening and fresh fruits and, uses olfactory cues to identify its wide range of host plants. Peppermint plants (Mentha × piperita) produce high levels of VOCs while growing and may, therefore, be suitable as an intercrop to reduce D. suzukii infestations in the field, as peppermint essential oil VOCs have previously been shown to deter D. suzukii in olfactory trials. We conducted a field intercropping experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of peppermint plants compared to traditional ryegrass/clover mixes in reducing D. suzukii oviposition in the field, and the effect of peppermint intercrops on other invertebrates. In the field, we monitored sentinel fruit baits weekly for D. suzukii infestation. Additionally, we monitored intercropping effects on the invertebrate community through weekly pitfall trap collection and through a pollinator point survey. We monitored for local, farm level presence of D. suzukii through apple cider vinegar traps within crop fields and along hedgerows and found high abundance of D. suzukii (>3,000 individuals trapped). Peppermint intercrops had fewer D. suzukii emerge from fruit baits and supported greater beneficial insect abundance (predators and pollinators) compared to ryegrass/clover. However, levels of D. suzukii were low across both intercrop types. Overall, we found that peppermint intercrops could be a potential aromatic intercrop used to reduce D. suzukii adult emergence from fruit compared to conventional ryegrass/clover mixes, however this trial should be replicated over multiple growing seasons, geographic locations, and host fruits. Furthermore, further study should determine the effects of the intercrop on the focal crop of interest.
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Barreto LP, Ribeiro-Silva CS, Machado LDC, Lima VH, Pinto SMN, Pereira-Junior RA, Carreira DN, Mascarin GM, Fernandes ÉKK, Borges LMF. Efficacy of collars with allomones on dogs to control Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato infestations under field conditions. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101769. [PMID: 34218055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzaldehyde and 2-hexanone are allomones produced by beagle dogs that reduce infestation by Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato on these animals and on susceptible dogs which artificially release these repellents. These observations were obtained in previous laboratory tests or artificial infestations of susceptible dogs under controlled conditions. Here we evaluated the efficacy of collars delivering these repellents for suppressing the loads of R. sanguineus s.l. on naturally infested mixed-breed dogs under field conditions. Thirty dogs naturally infested with R. sanguineus s.l. were separated into two groups with 15 dogs each. The dogs from the treatment group received the collars with slow-release formulations of the allomones, and the dogs from the control group received collars without such compounds. Collar effectiveness tests were carried out over 30 days. All ticks found were removed from each dog, identified, and counted every collection day. The density of the different life stages of R. sanguineus s.l. varied greatly between groups and across evaluation times. Adult ticks were the stage most abundant and prevalent on infested dogs. The counts for larvae, nymphs and adults were similar between the control and the treatment groups within each tick collection day. Conversely, when we considered the total number of ticks over 30 days and gathered all life stages collected in the same animal, the dogs from the control group had significantly higher loads (35.3 ± 4.27) of ticks than the dogs from the treatment group (21.8 ± 2.96) (P < 0.01). In addition, the efficacy of treatment with repellent collars was high for adult ticks (30.8%) but was extremely low for reducing larval or nymphal infestation (0 or 2.6%, respectively). The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the efficacy of these volatile compounds on naturally infested dogs under field conditions. The development of a technologically enhanced device for slow release of the allomones tested here can be an advantageous alternative for reducing R. sanguineus s.l. infestation on dogs in residential environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P Barreto
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Cárita S Ribeiro-Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Lucas Damião C Machado
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; Centro Universitário de Goiás - UNIGOIÁS, Goiânia 74423-115, GO, Brazil
| | - Valesca H Lima
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Salorrane M N Pinto
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A Pereira-Junior
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; Centro Universitário de Goiás - UNIGOIÁS, Goiânia 74423-115, GO, Brazil
| | - Dhiogo N Carreira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Éverton K K Fernandes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil.
| | - Lígia M F Borges
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil.
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Mwingira V, Mboera LEG, Dicke M, Takken W. Exploiting the chemical ecology of mosquito oviposition behavior in mosquito surveillance and control: a review. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2020; 45:155-179. [PMID: 33207066 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vector control is an important component of the interventions aimed at mosquito-borne disease control. Current and future mosquito control strategies are likely to rely largely on the understanding of the behavior of the vector, by exploiting mosquito biology and behavior, while using cost-effective, carefully timed larvicidal and high-impact, low-volume adulticidal applications. Here we review the knowledge on the ecology of mosquito oviposition behavior with emphasis on the potential role of infochemicals in surveillance and control of mosquito-borne diseases. A search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health Archive, and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the keywords mosquito, infochemical, pheromone, kairomone, allomone, synomone, apneumone, attractant, host-seeking, and oviposition. Articles in English from 1974 to 2019 were reviewed to gain comprehensive understanding of current knowledge on infochemicals in mosquito resource-searching behavior. Oviposition of many mosquito species is mediated by infochemicals that comprise pheromones, kairomones, synomones, allomones, and apneumones. The novel putative infochemicals that mediate oviposition in the mosquito subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae were identified. The role of infochemicals in surveillance and control of these and other mosquito tribes is discussed with respect to origin of the chemical cues and how these affect gravid mosquitoes. Oviposition attractants and deterrents can potentially be used for manipulation of mosquito behavior by making protected resources unsuitable for mosquitoes (push) while luring them towards attractive sources (pull). In this review, strategies of targeting breeding sites with environmentally friendly larvicides with the aim to develop appropriate trap-and-kill techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mwingira
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Centre, P.O. Box 81, Muheza, Tanzania
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Takken
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Methyl Salicylate and Sesquiterpene Emissions Are Indicative for Aphid Infestation on Scots Pine. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biotic stresses on forest trees are caused by various pest insects and plant pathogens. Attack by these parasites is known to induce the emissions of various biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), and the profile of these emissions often differs between infested and healthy plants. This difference in emission profile can be used for the non-destructive early-stage diagnosis of the stressor organism. We studied how phloem feeding by a large pine aphid (Cinara pinea Mordvilko) on the branch bark of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) affects BVOC emissions compared to those of healthy plants in two experiments. We found that in aphid-infested plants, methyl salicylate (MeSA) emissions significantly increased, and the emission rates were dependent on aphid density on the studied branch. Aphid infestation did not significantly affect total monoterpene emission, while the emissions of total sesquiterpenes were substantially higher in aphid-infested saplings than in uninfested plants. Sesquiterpene (E, E)-α-farnesene was emitted at increased rates in both experiments, and the aphid alarm pheromone sesquiterpene (E)-β-farnesene, only in the experiment with higher aphid pressure. We conclude that the rapid increase in MeSA emissions is the most reliable indicator of aphid infestation in pine trees together with (E, E)-α-farnesene.
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12
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Li Y, Cloyd RA, Bello NM. Effect of Integrating the Entomopathogenic Fungus (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and the Rove Beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Suppressing Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Populations Under Greenhouse Conditions. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:2085-2093. [PMID: 31115452 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a destructive insect pest in greenhouse production systems. Therefore, integrating the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, with the soil-dwelling rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Kraatz), targeting different aboveground and belowground life stages may help effectively manage western flower thrips populations. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted evaluating five treatments: 1) insecticides (spinosad, pyridalyl, chlorfenapyr, and abamectin), 2) B. bassiana, 3) D. coriaria, 4) B. bassiana and D. coriaria combination, and 5) water control. The estimated mean number of western flower thrips adults captured on yellow sticky cards was significantly lower for the insecticide treatment (mean range: 0-46 western flower thrips adults per yellow sticky card) than the B. bassiana and D. coriaria combination (0.3-105.1 western flower thrips per yellow card) over 8 wk. There were no significant differences in the final foliar damage ratings of chrysanthemum, Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam., plants among the five treatments in experiment 1, but there were significant differences in experiment 2. In experiment 2, chrysanthemum plants across all treatments were not marketable due to western flower thrips feeding damage. Therefore, using B. bassiana and D. coriaria early in production should suppress population growth by targeting both foliar-feeding and soil-dwelling life stages of western flower thrips simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Li
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS
| | - Raymond A Cloyd
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS
| | - Nora M Bello
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS
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13
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Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of Automeris liberia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Micron 2019; 123:102682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Mas F, Harper A, Horner R, Welsh T, Jaksons P, Suckling DM. The importance of key floral bioactive compounds to honey bees for the detection and attraction of hybrid vegetable crops and increased seed yield. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4445-4453. [PMID: 29446831 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crop breeding programmes generally select for traits for improved yield and human consumption preferences. Yet, they often overlook one fundamental trait essential for insect-pollinated crops: pollinator attraction. This is even more critical for hybrid plants that rely on cross-pollination between the male-fertile line and the male-sterile line to set seeds. This study investigated the role of floral odours for honey bee pollination that could explain the poor seed yield in hybrid crops. RESULTS The key floral bioactive compounds that honey bees detect were identified for three vegetable hybrid crops. It was found that 30% of the variation in bioactive compound quantities was explained by variety. Differences in quantities of the bioactive compounds triggered different degrees of olfactory response and were also associated with varied appetitive response. Correlating the abundance of each bioactive compound with seed yield, it was found that aldehydes such as nonanal and decanal can have a strong negative influence on seed yield with increasing quantity. CONCLUSION Using these methodologies to identify relevant bioactive compounds associated with honey bee pollination, plant breeding programmes should also consider selecting for floral traits attractive to honey bees to improve crop pollination for enhanced seed yield. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Mas
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Aimee Harper
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Rachael Horner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Taylor Welsh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Peter Jaksons
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - David M Suckling
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
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15
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Wallingford AK, Kuhar TP, Weber DC. Avoiding Unwanted Vicinity Effects With Attract-and-Kill Tactics for Harlequin Bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:1780-1787. [PMID: 29912456 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the development of an attract-and-kill approach for the management of harlequin bug (HB), Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), we evaluated attraction and retention of HB by pheromone-baited traps in the field. In release-recapture and on-farm experiments, traps with collard plants with lures-containing HB aggregation pheromone (murgantiol = 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-ol) arrested and retained more HB than traps with either plant or lure. In order to avoid unwanted vicinity effects (increased feeding injury to neighboring crop plants due to halo or spillover effects), we also investigated two methods of retaining HB that were attracted to traps: a systemic toxicant (neonicotinoid applied to the trap plant as a drench) and a contact toxicant (long-lasting insecticidal netting [LLIN] with incorporated pyrethroid). More HB adults and more HB-feeding injury were observed on collard plants in the vicinity of lures compared with those neighboring lures in combination with a systemic toxicant. This difference indicates that improvements to trap retention acted to mitigate spillover effects, thereby avoiding unwanted vicinity effects. We also conducted laboratory assays in order to estimate the length of exposure to LLIN necessary to knock down HB adults and nymphs, calculating a knockdown time (KDT50) of 78.3, 2.6, and 2.1 s for females, males, and nymphs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wallingford
- Virginia Tech Entomology, Blacksburg, VA
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, BARC-West Building, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Donald C Weber
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, BARC-West Building, Beltsville, MD
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16
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Gregg PC, Del Socorro AP, Landolt PJ. Advances in Attract-and-Kill for Agricultural Pests: Beyond Pheromones. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 63:453-470. [PMID: 29058978 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Attract-and-kill has considerable potential as a tactic in integrated management of pests of agricultural crops, but the use of sex pheromones as attractants is limited by male multiple mating and immigration of mated females into treated areas. Attractants for both sexes, and particularly females, would minimize these difficulties. Volatile compounds derived from plants or fermentation of plant products can attract females and have been used in traps for monitoring and control, and in sprayable attract-and-kill formulations or bait stations. Recent advances in fundamental understanding of insect responses to plant volatiles should contribute to the development of products that can help manage a wide range of pests with few impacts on nontarget organisms, but theory must be tempered with pragmatism in the selection of volatiles and toxicants and in defining their roles in formulations. Market requirements and regulatory factors must be considered in parallel with scientific constraints if successful products are to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Gregg
- University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia; ,
| | | | - Peter J Landolt
- Fruit and Vegetable Insect Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wapato, Washington 98951, USA;
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17
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Antennal olfactory responses of adult meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius, to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190454. [PMID: 29287108 PMCID: PMC5747468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius L. (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) is a commonly found vector of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. (1987) strain subspecies pauca associated with the "Olive Quick Decline Syndrome" in Italy. To contribute to the knowledge of the adult P. spumarius chemoreceptivity, electroantennographic (EAG) responses of both sexes to 50 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including aliphatic aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and ketones, terpenoids, and aromatics were recorded. Measurable EAG responses were elicited by all compounds tested. In both sexes, octanal, 2-octanol, 2-decanone, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, and vanillin elicited the strongest antennal amplitude within the chemical groups of aliphatic saturated aldehydes, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic acetates and aromatics, respectively. Male and female EAG responses to sulcatol, (±)linalool, and sulcatone were higher than those to other terpenoinds. In both sexes, the weakest antennal stimulants were phenethyl alcohol and 2-pentanone. Sexual differences in the EAG amplitude were found only for four of test compounds suggesting a general similarity between males and females in antennal sensitivity. The olfactory system of both sexes proved to be sensitive to changes in stimulus concentration, carbon chain length, and compound structure. Compounds with short carbon chain length (C5-C6) elicited lower EAG amplitudes than compounds with higher carbon chain length (C9-C10) in all classes of aliphatic hydrocarbons with different functional groups. The elucidation of the sensitivity profile of P. spumarius to a variety of VOCs provides a basis for future identification of behaviorally-active compounds useful for developing semiochemical-based control strategies of this pest.
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18
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Jacob V, Scolari F, Delatte H, Gasperi G, Jacquin-Joly E, Malacrida AR, Duyck PF. Current source density mapping of antennal sensory selectivity reveals conserved olfactory systems between tephritids and Drosophila. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15304. [PMID: 29127313 PMCID: PMC5681579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological specialization of insects involves the functional and morphological reshaping of olfactory systems. Little is known about the degree to which insect sensitivity to odorant compounds is conserved between genera, tribes, or families. Here we compared the olfactory systems of six tephritid fruit fly species spanning two tribes and the distantly related Drosophila melanogaster at molecular, functional, and morphological levels. Olfaction in these flies is mediated by a set of olfactory receptors (ORs) expressed in different functional classes of neurons located in distinct antennal regions. We performed a phylogenetic analysis that revealed both family-specific OR genes and putative orthologous OR genes between tephritids and Drosophila. With respect to function, we then used a current source density (CSD) analysis to map activity across antennae. Functional maps mirrored the intrinsic structure of antennae observed with scanning electron microscopy. Together, the results revealed partial conservation of the olfactory systems between tephritids and Drosophila. We also demonstrate that the mapping of olfactory responses is necessary to decipher antennal sensory selectivity to olfactory compounds. CSD analysis can be easily applied to map antennae of other species and therefore enables the rapid deriving of olfactory maps and the reconstructing of the target organisms' history of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Jacob
- UMR PVBMT, Université de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France.
- UMR PVBMT, CIRAD, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France.
| | - Francesca Scolari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giuliano Gasperi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Anna R Malacrida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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19
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Wallingford AK, Cha DH, Linn CE, Wolfin MS, Loeb GM. Robust Manipulations of Pest Insect Behavior Using Repellents and Practical Application for Integrated Pest Management. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:1041-1050. [PMID: 28981656 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In agricultural settings, examples of effective control strategies using repellent chemicals in integrated pest management (IPM) are relatively scarce compared to those using attractants. This may be partly due to a poor understanding of how repellents affect insect behavior once they are deployed. Here we attempt to identify potential hallmarks of repellent stimuli that are robust enough for practical use in the field. We explore the literature for success stories using repellents in IPM and we investigate the mechanisms of repellency for two chemical oviposition deterrents for controlling Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, a serious pest of small fruit crops. Drosophila suzukii causes injury by laying her eggs in ripening fruit and resulting larvae make fruit unmarketable. In caged choice tests, reduced oviposition was observed in red raspberry fruit treated with volatile 1-octen-3-ol and geosmin at two initial concentrations (10% and 1%) compared to untreated controls. We used video monitoring to observe fly behavior in these caged choice tests and investigate the mode of action for deterrence through the entire behavioral repertoire leading to oviposition. We observed fewer visitors and more time elapsed before flies first landed on 1-octen-3-ol-treated fruits than control fruits and concluded that this odor primarily inhibits behaviors that occur before D. suzukii comes in contact with a potential oviposition substrate (precontact). We observed some qualitative differences in precontact behavior of flies around geosmin-treated fruits; however, we concluded that this odor primarily inhibits behaviors that occur after D. suzukii comes in contact with treated fruits (postcontact). Field trials found reduced oviposition in red raspberry treated with 1-octen-3-ol and a combination of 1-octen-3-ol and geosmin, but no effect of geosmin alone. Recommendations for further study of repellents for practical use in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wallingford
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Dong H Cha
- USDA-ARS, US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI 96720
| | - Charles E Linn
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Michael S Wolfin
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456
| | - Gregory M Loeb
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 630 W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456
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20
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Kwadha CA, Ong'amo GO, Ndegwa PN, Raina SK, Fombong AT. The Biology and Control of the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella. INSECTS 2017; 8:E61. [PMID: 28598383 PMCID: PMC5492075 DOI: 10.3390/insects8020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus, is a ubiquitous pest of the honeybee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus, and Apis cerana Fabricius. The greater wax moth larvae burrow into the edge of unsealed cells with pollen, bee brood, and honey through to the midrib of honeybee comb. Burrowing larvae leave behind masses of webs which causes galleriasis and later absconding of colonies. The damage caused by G. mellonella larvae is severe in tropical and sub-tropical regions, and is believed to be one of the contributing factors to the decline in both feral and wild honeybee populations. Previously, the pest was considered a nuisance in honeybee colonies, therefore, most studies have focused on the pest as a model for in vivo studies of toxicology and pathogenicity. It is currently widespread, especially in Africa, and the potential of transmitting honeybee viruses has raised legitimate concern, thus, there is need for more studies to find sustainable integrated management strategies. However, our knowledge of this pest is limited. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the biology, distribution, economic damage, and management options. In addition, we provide prospects that need consideration for better understanding and management of the pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Kwadha
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - George O Ong'amo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Paul N Ndegwa
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Suresh K Raina
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Ayuka T Fombong
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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21
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Kasmi A, Hammami M, Raoelison EG, Abderrabba M, Bouajila J, Ducamp C. Chemical Composition and Behavioral Effects of Five Plant Essential Oils on the Green Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28122144 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from Schinus molle, Helichrysum gymnocephalum, Cedrelopsis grevei and Melaleuca viridiflora, four aromatic and medicinal plants, are commonly used in folk medicine. EOs were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID); then evaluated for their behavioral effects on adults of the green pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) using a Perspex four-armed olfactometer in order to test the compatibility of their use as phytoinsecticides to control this insect pest. Our results showed that the EOs from the leaves of S. molle, M. viridiflora and C. grevei did not change aphids' behavior. However, S. molle fruits EO seemed to be attractive while H. gymnocephalum leaves EO exhibited repellency towards aphids at a dose of 10 μl. The major compounds in S. molle fruits EO were 6-epi-shyobunol (16.22%) and d-limonene (15.35%). While, in H. gymnocephalum leaves EO, 1,8-cineole was the main compound (47.4%). The difference in aphids' responses to these two EOs could be attributed to the differences in their compositions. Our findings suggest that these two EOs have potential applications for the integrated pest management of A. pisum (Harris).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Kasmi
- Laboratory of Evolution and Biologic Diversity, UMR 5174 CNRS/UPS/ENFA, Narbonne Road PB 22687, 31326, Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna Bizerte, 7021, Carthage, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Applications (LMMA), University of Carthage, IPEST, PB 51, La Marsa, 2070, Tunisia
| | - Majdi Hammami
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center in Borj-Cedria Technopol, PB 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Emmanuel G Raoelison
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, PB 375, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - Manef Abderrabba
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules and Applications (LMMA), University of Carthage, IPEST, PB 51, La Marsa, 2070, Tunisia
| | - Jalloul Bouajila
- Laboratory of Molecular Interactions and Chemical and Photochemical Reactivity, UMR CNRS 5623, Paul-Sabatier University, 118 Narbonne Road, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Ducamp
- Laboratory of Evolution and Biologic Diversity, UMR 5174 CNRS/UPS/ENFA, Narbonne Road PB 22687, 31326, Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France
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22
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Gallo-Franco JJ, Velasco-Cuervo SM, Aguirre-Ramirez E, González Obando R, Carrejo NS, Toro-Perea N. Genetic diversity and population structure of Anastrepha striata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in three natural regions of southwestern Colombia using mitochondrial sequences. Genetica 2017; 145:79-89. [PMID: 28093669 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-016-9947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anastrepha striata is widely distributed across the Americas and is a pest of economically important crops, especially crops of the Myrtaceae family. Insect population structures can be influenced by the presence of physical barriers or characteristics associated with habitat differences. This study evaluated the effect of the Western Andes on the population structure of A. striata. Individuals were collected from Psidium guajava fruits from three natural regions of southwestern Colombia (Pacific Coast, mountainous region and the inter-Andean valley of the Cauca River). Based on a 1318 bp concatenated of the genes Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6), 14 haplotypes with few changes among them (between 1 and 3) were found. There was only one dominant haplotype in all three regions. No genetic structure associated with the three eco-geographical regions of the study was found. Moreover, the Western Andes are not an effective barrier for the genetic isolation of the populations from the Pacific Coast compared with the inter-Andean valley populations. This genetic homogeneity could be partially due to anthropogenic intervention, which acts as a dispersal agent of infested fruits. Another hypothesis to explain the lack of structure would be the relatively recent arrival of A. striata to the region, as indicated by an analysis of the demographic history, which reveals a process of population expansion. This study represents the first attempt to understand the population genetics of A. striata in Colombia and could contribute to the integral management of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Johana Gallo-Franco
- Departamento de Biología, Sección de genética, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali, Colombia.
| | | | - Elkin Aguirre-Ramirez
- Departamento de Biología, Sección de genética, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali, Colombia
| | - Ranulfo González Obando
- Departamento de biología, Sección de entomología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nancy Soraya Carrejo
- Departamento de biología, Sección de entomología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nelson Toro-Perea
- Departamento de Biología, Sección de genética, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali, Colombia
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23
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Pickett JA, Khan ZR. Plant volatile-mediated signalling and its application in agriculture: successes and challenges. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:856-870. [PMID: 27874990 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
856 I. 856 II. 857 III. 858 IV. 859 V. 860 VI. 862 VII. 863 VIII. 864 IX. 866 866 References 866 SUMMARY: The mediation of volatile secondary metabolites in signalling between plants and other organisms has long been seen as presenting opportunities for sustainable crop protection. Initially, exploitation of interactions between plants and other organisms, particularly insect pests, foundered because of difficulties in delivering, sustainably, the signal systems for crop protection. We now have mounting and, in some cases, clear practical evidence for successful delivery by companion cropping or next-generation genetic modification (GM). At the same time, the type of plant signalling being exploited has expanded to signalling from plants to organisms antagonistic to pests, and to plant stress-induced, or primed, plant-to-plant signalling for defence and growth stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Zeyaur R Khan
- Push-Pull Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30, Mbita, 40305, Kenya
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Wang F, Deng J, Schal C, Lou Y, Zhou G, Ye B, Yin X, Xu Z, Shen L. Non-Host Plant Volatiles Disrupt Sex Pheromone Communication in a Specialist Herbivore. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32666. [PMID: 27585907 PMCID: PMC5009357 DOI: 10.1038/srep32666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecological effects of plant volatiles on herbivores are manifold. Little is known, however, about the impacts of non-host plant volatiles on intersexual pheromonal communication in specialist herbivores. We tested the effects of several prominent constitutive terpenoids released by conifers and Eucalyptus trees on electrophysiological and behavioral responses of an oligophagous species, Plutella xylostella, which feeds on Brassicaceae. The non-host plant volatile terpenoids adversely affected the calling behavior (pheromone emission) of adult females, and the orientation responses of adult males to sex pheromone were also significantly inhibited by these terpenoids in a wind tunnel and in the field. We suggest that disruption of both pheromone emission and orientation to sex pheromone may explain, at least in part, an observed reduction in herbivore attack in polyculture compared with monoculture plantings. We also propose that mating disruption of both male and female moths with non-host plant volatiles may be a promising alternative pest management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jianyu Deng
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
| | - Yonggen Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Guoxin Zhou
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Bingbing Ye
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiaohui Yin
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Lize Shen
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
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Hesler LS. Volatile Semiochemicals Increase Trap Catch of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Flower Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Corn and Soybean Plots. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2016; 16:77. [PMID: 27531905 PMCID: PMC4986904 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the attractiveness of volatile chemicals to green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) as measured by catch on yellow sticky traps within corn [Zea mays L. (Cyperales: Poaceae)] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabales: Fabaceae)] plots. Green lacewings were attracted to eugenol-baited traps in two tests in soybean plots. Follow-up testing in corn showed that catch of green lacewings was enhanced when traps were baited with eugenol, its structural analog isoeugenol, or 2-phenylethanol; trap catch of green lacewings was greater with these compounds than with structural analog, 4-alllylanisole. In a follow-up test in soybean, more green lacewings were caught on traps baited with isoeugenol than with 4-allylanisole. Catch did not differ among traps baited with eugenol, isoeugenol, or 2-phenylethanol or among those baited with eugenol, 2-phenylethanol, or the ethanol control. In a 6-wk experiment in soybean, green lacewings were attracted to eugenol-baited traps in 5 of 6 wks but to traps baited with structural analog methyl eugenol in only 1 wk. Flower flies were attracted to 2-phenylethanol in initial tests in corn and soybean plots. Subsequent testing in soybeans with 2-phenylethanol and structural analogs confirmed attraction to 2-phenylethanol and also showed attractancy of 2-phenylacetaldehyde but not benzylamine. A 6-wk test in soybean found that flower flies were also attracted to traps baited with either eugenol or methyl eugenol. This is the first report of green lacewing attraction to eugenol and isoeugenol and first report of flower fly attraction to eugenol. Structure-activity relationships among attractants and practical aspects of their use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S Hesler
- North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Brookings, SD, 57006
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Barman JC, Campbell SA, Zeng X. Exposure to Guava Affects Citrus Olfactory Cues and Attractiveness to Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:694-9. [PMID: 27247354 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping can reduce agricultural pest incidence, and represents an important sustainable alternative to conventional pest control methods. Understanding the ecological mechanisms for intercropping could help optimize its use, particularly in tropical systems which present a large number of intercropping possibilities. Citrus is threatened worldwide by greening disease (huanglongbing, HLB) vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Control of HLB and citrus psyllid can be partially achieved through intercropping with guava, Psidium guajava L., but the mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that guava olfactory cues affect psyllid behavior by altering the attractiveness of citrus through plant-plant interactions. In choice and no-choice cage experiments, psyllid settlement was reduced on citrus shoots that had been exposed to guava shoot odors for at least 2 h. In Y-tube olfactometer experiments, psyllids oriented to odors of unexposed, compared with guava-exposed, citrus shoots. These behavioral results indicate that a mechanism for the success of guava intercropping for sustainable, ecological disease management may be the indirect effect of guava on citrus attractiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Chandra Barman
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China (; ),
| | - Stuart A Campbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China (; ),
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Faccoli M, Favaro R, Concheri G, Squartini A, Battisti A. Tree colonization by the Asian longhorn beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): effect of habitat and tree suitability. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:288-296. [PMID: 25424840 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tree colonization and feeding activity of the invasive wood-borer Asian longhorn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), an Asian pest introduced into North America and Europe, was studied in a newly invaded area in Italy. The hypothesis being tested was that the reproductive success of the insect depend on habitat type and tree suitability. Adult beetles were caged on branches of host and nonhost species, in both urban and forest habitats. Two months later, number and size of feeding patches on plant tissues, eggs laid, and surviving larvae were assessed. Bark concentration of C and N was also measured from the same trees. Results indicated that the mean area of plant tissues consumed by adult feeding was significantly larger on trees growing in forest than in urban habitat, although within the same habitat there were no differences between susceptible and nonsusceptible trees. ALB tree colonization, in terms of number of eggs laid and young larvae survival, was not affected by habitat while it was higher on susceptible trees. Although trees growing in forests had a lower nitrogen concentration, they allowed colonization rates similar to those of trees growing in the urban habitat. Hence, the amount of carbon and nitrogen did not fully explain tree suitability or habitat selection. We suggest compensatory feeding as a potential mechanism that might explain this peculiar situation, as supported by a more intensive feeding activity recorded on trees in the forest. Suitability of different trees may be due to other factors, such as secondary chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Faccoli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, (PD), Italy
| | - Riccardo Favaro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, (PD), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Concheri
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, (PD), Italy
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, (PD), Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, (PD), Italy
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Renkema JM, Wright D, Buitenhuis R, Hallett RH. Plant essential oils and potassium metabisulfite as repellents for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Sci Rep 2016; 6:21432. [PMID: 26893197 PMCID: PMC4759814 DOI: 10.1038/srep21432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a globally invasive pest of soft-skinned fruit. Females oviposit into ripening fruit and larvae cause direct destruction of tissues. As many plant essential oils are permitted food additives, they may provide a safe means of protecting fruit from D. suzukii infestation in both conventional and organic production systems. Twelve oils and potassium metabisulfite (KMS) were screened in the laboratory as repellents for D. suzukii flies. Most essential oils deterred D. suzukii flies from cotton wicks containing attractive raspberry juice. Peppermint oil was particularly effective, preventing almost all flies from contacting treated wicks and remaining 100% repellent for 6 d post-application. Thyme oil was unique because it caused high male mortality and reduced the number of responding flies compared to other oils. KMS was not found to be repellent to D. suzukii, but may have fumigant properties, particularly at high concentrations. Peppermint oil appears to be the best candidate for field testing to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of using essential oils as part of a push-pull management strategy against D. suzukii. This is the first time that essential oils have been evaluated and proven effective in preventing fruit-infesting flies from contacting attractive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Renkema
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1 G 2W1
| | - Derek Wright
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1 G 2W1
| | - Rose Buitenhuis
- Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, 4890 Victoria Ave. N., Box 4000, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada, L0R 2E0
| | - Rebecca H Hallett
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1 G 2W1
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Lu Y, Yao Y, Zhang Q, Zhang D, Zhuang S, Li H, Liu Q. Olfactory biosensor for insect semiochemicals analysis by impedance sensing of odorant-binding proteins on interdigitated electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:662-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The aphid alarm pheromone (E)-β-farnesene does not act as a cue for predators searching on a plant. CHEMOECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-014-0176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Aak A, Rukke BA, Soleng A, Rosnes MK. Questing activity in bed bug populations: male and female responses to host signals. PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 39:199-207. [PMID: 26166936 PMCID: PMC4491371 DOI: 10.1111/phen.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A large-arena bioassay is used to examine sex differences in spatiotemporal patterns of bed bug Cimex lectularius L. behavioural responses to either a human host or CO2 gas. After release in the centre of the arena, 90% of newly-fed bed bugs move to hiding places in the corners within 24 h. They require 3 days to settle down completely in the arena, with generally low activity levels and the absence of responses to human stimuli for 5 days. After 8-9 days, persistent responses can be recorded. Sex differences are observed, in which females are more active during establishment, respond faster after feeding, expose themselves more than males during the daytime, and respond more strongly to the host signal. The number of bed bugs that rest in harbourages is found to vary significantly according to light setting and sex. Both sexes stay inside harbourages more in daylight compared with night, and males hide more than females during the daytime but not during the night. The spatial distribution of the bed bugs is also found to change with the presence of CO2, and peak aggregation around the odour source is observed after 24 min. Both male and female bed bugs move from hiding places or the border of the arena toward the centre where CO2 is released. Peak responses are always highest during the night. Bed bug behaviour and behaviour-regulating features are discussed in the context of control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Aak
- Department of Pest Control, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn A Rukke
- Department of Pest Control, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo, Norway
| | - Arnulf Soleng
- Department of Pest Control, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo, Norway
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Abstract
Plant biochemical processes result in the release of an array of volatile chemical substances into the environment, some of which are known to play important plant fitness enhancing functions, such as attracting pollinators, thermal tolerance of photosynthesis, and defense against herbivores. Cunningly, phytophagous insects have evolved mechanisms to utilize these volatiles to their own advantage, either to colonize a suitable host for feeding, reproduction and oviposition or avoid an unsuitable one. The volatile compounds involved in plant-insect chemical interactions have been widely exploited in the management of agricultural pests. On the other hand, use of plant volatiles in the management of medically important insects is limited, mainly due to paucity of information on their role in disease vector-plant interactions. To date, a total of 29 plant volatile compounds from various chemical classes, including phenols, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and terpenes, have been identified as mosquito semiochemicals. In this review, we present highlights of mosquito-plant interactions, the available evidence of nectar feeding, with particular emphasis on sources of plant attractants, methods of plant volatile collection and the candidate plant volatile compounds that attract mosquitoes to nectar sources. We also highlight the potential application of these phytochemical attractants in integrated mosquito management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +254 20 8632999; fax: +254 20 8632001. (V.O. Nyasembe), (B. Torto)
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Nyasembe VO, Tchouassi DP, Kirwa HK, Foster WA, Teal PEA, Borgemeister C, Torto B. Development and assessment of plant-based synthetic odor baits for surveillance and control of malaria vectors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89818. [PMID: 24587059 PMCID: PMC3933673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent malaria vector control measures have considerably reduced indoor biting mosquito populations. However, reducing the outdoor biting populations remains a challenge because of the unavailability of appropriate lures to achieve this. This study sought to test the efficacy of plant-based synthetic odor baits in trapping outdoor populations of malaria vectors. Methodology and Principal Finding Three plant-based lures ((E)-linalool oxide [LO], (E)-linalool oxide and (E)-β-ocimene [LO + OC], and a six-component blend comprising (E)-linalool oxide, (E)-β-ocimene, hexanal, β-pinene, limonene, and (E)-β-farnesene [Blend C]), were tested alongside an animal/human-based synthetic lure (comprising heptanal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal [Blend F]) and worn socks in a malaria endemic zone in the western part of Kenya. Mosquito Magnet-X (MM-X) and lightless Centre for Disease Control (CDC) light traps were used. Odor-baited traps were compared with traps baited with either solvent alone or solvent + carbon dioxide (controls) for 18 days in a series of randomized incomplete-block designs of days × sites × treatments. The interactive effect of plant and animal/human odor was also tested by combining LO with either Blend F or worn socks. Our results show that irrespective of trap type, traps baited with synthetic plant odors compared favorably to the same traps baited with synthetic animal odors and worn socks in trapping malaria vectors, relative to the controls. Combining LO and worn socks enhanced trap captures of Anopheles species while LO + Blend F recorded reduced trap capture. Carbon dioxide enhanced total trap capture of both plant- and animal/human-derived odors. However, significantly higher proportions of male and engorged female Anopheles gambiae s.l. were caught when the odor treatments did not include carbon dioxide. Conclusion and Significance The results highlight the potential of plant-based odors and specifically linalool oxide, with or without carbon dioxide, for surveillance and mass trapping of malaria vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent O. Nyasembe
- Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David P. Tchouassi
- Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hillary K. Kirwa
- Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Woodbridge A. Foster
- Department of Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Peter E. A. Teal
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christian Borgemeister
- Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
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Wireworms' Management: An Overview of the Existing Methods, with Particular Regards to Agriotes spp. (Coleoptera: Elateridae). INSECTS 2013; 4:117-52. [PMID: 26466799 PMCID: PMC4553433 DOI: 10.3390/insects4010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are important soil dwelling pests worldwide causing yield losses in many crops. The progressive restrictions in the matter of efficient synthetic chemicals for health and environmental care brought out the need for alternative management techniques. This paper summarizes the main potential tools that have been studied up to now and that could be applied together in integrated pest management systems and suggests guidelines for future research.
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Nordéus K, Jergil E, Båge R, Lundeheim N, Hultén F, Söderquist L. Effects of pheromones on heart rate in bulls and heifers. Vet Rec 2012; 170:496. [PMID: 22505241 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Nordéus
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Germinara GS, De Cristofaro A, Rotundo G. Bioactivity of short-chain aliphatic ketones against adults of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2012; 68:371-377. [PMID: 22081494 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), is one of the most damaging pests of stored grains, causing severe quantitative and qualitative losses. Sustainable control means, alternative to the commonly used fumigants and broad-spectrum contact insecticides, are urgently needed owing to legislative limits, the development of resistant insect strains and increasing consumer demand for safe food. Short-chain aliphatic ketones, known to be emitted by cereal grains and previously identified as repellents to adult granary weevils, were evaluated for their ability to disrupt insect orientation towards wheat grains and as possible natural fumigants. RESULTS In behavioural bioassays, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 2-heptanone and 2,3-butanedione significantly reduced insect orientation towards odours of wheat grains, with 2-hexanone and 2-heptanone being the most active. In fumigation tests, all compounds were effective in killing weevil adults, but they performed differently according to chemical structure, speed of action and presence of wheat grains. In the presence of grains, the highest fumigant toxicity was shown by 2-pentanone (LC(50) = 8.4 ± 1.0 mg L(-1)) after 24 h exposure, and by 2-pentanone (LC(50) = 4.5 ± 0.3 mg L(-1)), 2-heptanone (LC(50) = 7.1 ± 0.3 mg L(-1) ) and 2-hexanone (LC(50) = 8.1 ± 0.6 mg L(-1)) 1 week after the treatment end. CONCLUSION Short-chain aliphatic ketones have potential for applications in IPM programmes for the granary weevil because of their behaviour-altering activity and fumigant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinto S Germinara
- Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences, Chemistry and Plant Protection, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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Abstract
Biological invasions are a global and increasing threat to the function and diversity of ecosystems. Allee effects (positive density dependence) have been shown to play an important role in the establishment and spread of non-native species. Although Allee effects can be considered a bane in conservation efforts, they can be a benefit in attempts to manage non-native species. Many biological invaders are subject to some form of an Allee effect, whether due to a need to locate mates, cooperatively feed or reproduce or avoid becoming a meal, yet attempts to highlight the specific exploitation of Allee effects in biological invasions are surprisingly unprecedented. In this review, we highlight current strategies that effectively exploit an Allee effect, and propose novel means by which Allee effects can be manipulated to the detriment of biological invaders. We also illustrate how the concept of Allee effects can be integral in risk assessments and in the prioritization of resources allocated to manage non-native species, as some species beset by strong Allee effects could be less successful as invaders. We describe how tactics that strengthen an existing Allee effect or create new ones could be used to manage biological invasions more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Tobin
- Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Research Station, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, WV 26505-3101, USA.
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Elango G, Rahuman AA, Kamaraj C, Bagavan A, Zahir AA. Screening for feeding deterrent activity of herbal extracts against the larvae of malaria vector Anopheles subpictus Grassi. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:715-26. [PMID: 21373809 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This no-choice, laboratory study focuses on the feeding of homogeneous powdered, dried, yeast with different plant extracts on mosquito fourth-instar larvae to determine the effects on their mortality. Screening for antifeedant activity of plant extracts with some known medicinal attributes could lead to the discovery of new agents for vector control. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifeedant activity of crude leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Andrographis lineata Wallich ex Nees. (Acanthaceae), Anisomeles malabarica (L.) Sims. (Lamiaceae), Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae), Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. (Aristolochiaceae), Chrysanthemum indium L. (Asteraceae), Datura metal L. (Solanaceae), Eclipta prostrata L. (Asteraceae), and Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. (Fibaceae) against the fourth-instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera:Culicidae). All the crude extracts showed antifeedant activity in a dose-dependent manner. The plant extracts exhibited a significant antifeedant activity after 24 and 48 h of exposure; however, the highest larval mortality was found in leaf ethyl acetate extract of A. malabarica, acetone extract E. prostrata, methanol extract of A. lineata, C. indium, and S. grandiflora after 24 h (LC(50) = 2.53, 2.82, 2.31, 2.56, and 2.08 mg/mL; LC(90) = 6.40, 8.06, 7.45, 6.98, and 6.20 mg/mL), respectively. The hexane extract of A. lineata, D. metal, methanol extract of A. bracteolata and E. prostrata showed larval mortality after 48 h (LC(50) = 3.05, 2.11, 3.00, and 2.18 mg/mL; LC(90) = 9.06, 6.22, 8.23, and 5.77 mg/mL), respectively. One hundred percent larval mortality was observed in methanol extract of A. lineata, and C. indium after 24 h and the hexane extract of A. lineata and D. metal after 48 h at 10 mg/100 mL. The methanol extracts of A. lineata and C. indium significantly increased larval mortality in comparison to larvae fed with untreated diet. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is widely accepted as a biological pesticide because of its highly specific activity against dipteran insects without adverse effects on other organisms. The feeding deterrent activity of different herbal extracts against the larvae of malaria vector A. subpictus exhibited significantly lower toxicity compare with the bio larvicides, B. thuringiensis. These results suggest that the methanol extract of A. lineata, C. indium, the hexane extract of A. lineata and D. metal have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the medically important vector A. subpictus. These findings corroborate traditional insecticidal application of selected plants and the results can be extended for the control of mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Elango
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Verhulst NO, Mbadi PA, Kiss GB, Mukabana WR, van Loon JJA, Takken W, Smallegange RC. Improvement of a synthetic lure for Anopheles gambiae using compounds produced by human skin microbiota. Malar J 2011; 10:28. [PMID: 21303496 PMCID: PMC3041721 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is considered to be highly anthropophilic and volatiles of human origin provide essential cues during its host-seeking behaviour. A synthetic blend of three human-derived volatiles, ammonia, lactic acid and tetradecanoic acid, attracts A. gambiae. In addition, volatiles produced by human skin bacteria are attractive to this mosquito species. The purpose of the current study was to test the effect of ten compounds present in the headspace of human bacteria on the host-seeking process of A. gambiae. The effect of each of the ten compounds on the attractiveness of a basic blend of ammonia, lactic and tetradecanoic acid to A. gambiae was examined. METHODS The host-seeking response of A. gambiae was evaluated in a laboratory set-up using a dual-port olfactometer and in a semi-field facility in Kenya using MM-X traps. Odorants were released from LDPE sachets and placed inside the olfactometer as well as in the MM-X traps. Carbon dioxide was added in the semi-field experiments, provided from pressurized cylinders or fermenting yeast. RESULTS The olfactometer and semi-field set-up allowed for high-throughput testing of the compounds in blends and in multiple concentrations. Compounds with an attractive or inhibitory effect were identified in both bioassays. 3-Methyl-1-butanol was the best attractant in both set-ups and increased the attractiveness of the basic blend up to three times. 2-Phenylethanol reduced the attractiveness of the basic blend in both bioassays by more than 50%. CONCLUSIONS Identification of volatiles released by human skin bacteria led to the discovery of compounds that have an impact on the host-seeking behaviour of A. gambiae. 3-Methyl-1-butanol may be used to increase mosquito trap catches, whereas 2-phenylethanol has potential as a spatial repellent. These two compounds could be applied in push-pull strategies to reduce mosquito numbers in malaria endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels O Verhulst
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Kim Y, Sung J, Sung M, Choi Y, Jeong HS, Lee J. Involvement of heme oxygenase-1 in the anti-inflammatory activity of Chrysanthemum boreale Makino extracts on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:550-554. [PMID: 20656003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This study is to elucidate the involvement of anti-inflammatory heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the inhibitory activity of a Chrysanthemum boreale Makino (CB) extract on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability and NO assay were performed. In addition, iNOS expression was detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR. HO-1 expression was also evaluated by Western blotting, and blocking HO-1 activity on NO production was performed. RESULTS The CB extract at the highest concentration (100 μg/ml) significantly inhibited NO production by approximately 90% and suppressed iNOS protein expression by approximately 84.8% compared to LPS-stimulated cells. Furthermore, the CB extract (100 μg/ml) inhibited iNOS mRNA expression in a concentration-dependant manner and suppressed iNOS mRNA expression by 94.8%. The CB extract induced the expression of HO-1 in a dose-dependent manner, and blocking HO-1 activity abolished the inhibitory effects of the CB extract. Moreover, the addition of carbon monoxide such as tricarbonyl dichlororuthenium (II) dimmer (RuCO), a byproduct derived from heme degradation, mimicked the inhibitory action of low concentrations of CB extract. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a CB extract has potent anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 macrophages involving the induction of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwa Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Volatiles functioning as host cues in a blend become nonhost cues when presented alone to the black bean aphid. Anim Behav 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Takken W, Knols BGJ. Malaria vector control: current and future strategies. Trends Parasitol 2009; 25:101-4. [PMID: 19168392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The recently announced call for malaria eradication represents a new page in the history of this disease. This has been triggered by remarkable reductions in malaria resulting from combined application of effective drugs and vector control. However, this strategy is threatened by development of insecticide resistance. Efforts to develop alternative tools to complement or even replace insecticide-based vector-control strategies must continue. Here, an overview is presented of the novel vector-control tools expected to contribute to malaria eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Takken
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Oyarzún MP, Quiroz A, Birkett MA. Insecticide resistance in the horn fly: alternative control strategies. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2008; 22:188-202. [PMID: 18816268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) is one of the most widespread and economically important pests of cattle. Although insecticides have been used for fly control, success has been limited because of the development of insecticide resistance in all countries where the horn fly is found. This problem, along with public pressure for insecticide-free food and the prohibitive cost of developing new classes of compounds, has driven the investigation of alternative control methods that minimize or avoid the use of insecticides. This review provides details of the economic impact of horn flies, existing insecticides used for horn fly control and resistance mechanisms. Current research on new methods of horn fly control based on resistant cattle selection, semiochemicals, biological control and vaccines is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Oyarzún
- Laboratorio Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Abstract
This review covers aspects of putting essential oil compounds to use either as allelochemicals that manipulate the host selection process of Thysanopteran pest species or as botanical insecticides that kill these pests. Thysanoptera (thrips) make an especially interesting case study in this field, because their increasing economic impact puts some urgency on the development of novel control strategies, especially strategies that incorporate natural compounds. Known facts about the host selection behaviour of thrips are briefly summarized, and methods for the evaluation of thrips responses to volatile and non-volatile plant compounds are outlined. Recent results on the search for attractive and repellent volatiles and for feeding and/or oviposition deterrent essential oil compounds are listed in detail and their potential for use in control strategies against thrips pests is discussed. An overview of plant essential oils used either for insecticidal spraying treatments of crops or for fumigation of crops in greenhouses or fumigation chambers completes the picture of bioactivities. Finally, an outlook on the perspectives for future control strategies against thrips pests is given, including thoughts on the direction of further research needed to fully evaluate the thrips control potential of plant essential oils.
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Hassanali A, Herren H, Khan ZR, Pickett JA, Woodcock CM. Integrated pest management: the push-pull approach for controlling insect pests and weeds of cereals, and its potential for other agricultural systems including animal husbandry. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:611-21. [PMID: 17652071 PMCID: PMC2610173 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the 'push-pull' or 'stimulo-deterrent diversionary' strategy in relation to current and potential examples from our own experiences. The push-pull effect is established by exploiting semiochemicals to repel insect pests from the crop ('push') and to attract them into trap crops ('pull'). The systems exemplified here have been developed for subsistence farming in Africa and delivery of the semiochemicals is entirely by companion cropping, i.e. intercropping for the push and trap cropping for the pull. The main target was a series of lepidopterous pests attacking maize and other cereals. Although the area given to the cereal crop itself is reduced under the push-pull system, higher yields are produced per unit area. An important spin-off from the project is that the companion crops are valuable forage for farm animals. Leguminous intercrops also provide advantages with regard to plant nutrition and some of the trap crops help with water retention and in reducing land erosion. A major benefit is that certain intercrop plants provide dramatic control of the African witchweed (striga). Animal husbandry forms an essential part of intensive subsistence agriculture in Africa and developments using analogous push-pull control strategies for insect pests of cattle are exemplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hassanali
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyPO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hans Herren
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyPO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zeyaur R Khan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyPO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John A Pickett
- Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
- Author for correspondence ()
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Teulon DAJ, Davidson MM, Hedderley DI, James DE, Fletcher CD, Larsen L, Green VC, Perry NB. 4-pyridyl carbonyl and related compounds as thrips lures: effectiveness for onion thrips and new zealand flower thrips in field experiments. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:6198-205. [PMID: 17602496 DOI: 10.1021/jf070389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of structural and/or aroma analogies to known thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) lures, 35 compounds (18 pyridine derivatives, 13 benzene derivatives, and 4 other compounds), consisting of both synthetic and naturally occurring compounds, were screened for their ability to bring about increased thrips capture in field experiments using water traps in Canterbury, New Zealand. Most of the thrips caught were New Zealand flower thrips (NZFT) (Thrips obscuratus) or onion thrips (OT) (Thrips tabaci). The greatest increase in capture for NZFT (158 times for female symbol cf. to water control) was for the known lure ethyl nicotinate, a 3-pyridyl ester. Ethyl isonicotinate, the 4-pyridyl regioisomer of ethyl nicotinate, not previously reported as a thrips lure, provided the greatest increases in capture for OT (31 times) of any of the compounds tested, significantly more than ethyl nicotinate. Other 4-pyridyl carbonyl compounds, including ethyl 4-pyridyl ketone, also increased OT capture significantly. The natural floral compound cis-jasmone, which increased trap capture of NZFT (female symbol 42 times, male symbol 25 times) but not OT, is reported as a thrips lure for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A J Teulon
- New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research Limited, New Zealand.
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Cook SM, Khan ZR, Pickett JA. The use of push-pull strategies in integrated pest management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2007; 52:375-400. [PMID: 16968206 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Push-pull strategies involve the behavioral manipulation of insect pests and their natural enemies via the integration of stimuli that act to make the protected resource unattractive or unsuitable to the pests (push) while luring them toward an attractive source (pull) from where the pests are subsequently removed. The push and pull components are generally nontoxic. Therefore, the strategies are usually integrated with methods for population reduction, preferably biological control. Push-pull strategies maximize efficacy of behavior-manipulating stimuli through the additive and synergistic effects of integrating their use. By orchestrating a predictable distribution of pests, efficiency of population-reducing components can also be increased. The strategy is a useful tool for integrated pest management programs reducing pesticide input. We describe the principles of the strategy, list the potential components, and present case studies reviewing work on the development and use of push-pull strategies in each of the major areas of pest control.
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Kalaitzakis D, Rozzell JD, Kambourakis S, Smonou I. A Two-Step Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the Natural Pheromone (+)-Sitophilure Utilizing Isolated, NADPH-Dependent Ketoreductases. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Faccoli M, Blazenec M, Schlyter F. Feeding response to host and nonhost compounds by males and females of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in a tunneling microassay. J Chem Ecol 2006; 31:745-59. [PMID: 16124249 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-005-3542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Research on host selection by bark and wood boring insects has concentrated on flight orientation behavior. Less is known of the factors that govern the steps successive to host landing. Here, we discuss chemical factors involved in host acceptance by bark beetles and a new microassay. Adult males and females of Ips typographus were offered an artificial diet treated with various concentrations of different plant-derived compounds (host terpenes and nonhost compounds) in a no-choice mode. Beetles were tested individually in a glass tube for 4 hr, and the length of feeding was measured and compared to a control (diet with only solvent). The first effect was diet rejection, especially when nonhost compounds were tested at high concentrations. Most compounds reduced feeding, in proportion to concentration. Females fed more readily than males after addition of both host and nonhost compounds. Diet removal was significantly affected by all the tested factors (sex, compound, dose) as well as by their interactions. With increased concentrations, males were more responsive than females to antifeedants, as all compounds (except juglone) showed clear sex differences of diet consumption. 3-Octanol, 1-hexanol, and a Green Leaf Volatile (GLV)-blend (three C6 alcohols) showed the strongest antifeedant effects, which started at a low dose (0.1%) and had a low Effective Dose 50 (ED50, 0.3-1%). In contrast, host monoterpenes, limonene and alpha-pinene, inhibited feeding at high doses (10-30%) only, with ED50 > 10%. The highest Antifeedant Indexes were shown by verbenone, carvone, and 1-hexanol (AFI = 0.90-1.00). Both host and nonhost compounds inhibited feeding at some concentration. No significant stimulation of feeding by any host compound at concentrations reported in the literature as optimal were found, with the possible exception of alpha-pinene at low concentrations in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Faccoli
- Chemical Ecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 44, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
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Moayeri HRS, Ashouri A, Brødsgaard HF, Enkegaard A. Odour-mediated responses of a predatory mirid bug and its prey, the two-spotted spider mite. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2006; 40:27-36. [PMID: 16933018 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-006-9020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that many natural enemies of herbivorous arthropods use herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to locate their prey. Herbivores can also exploit cues emitted by plants infested with heterospecifics or conspecifics. A study was conducted to test whether green bean HIPVs as well as odours emitted directly by spider mites influenced the orientation behaviour of the predatory mirid bug, Macrolophus caliginosus and its prey, Tetranychus urticae in a Y-tube olfactometer. Our results show that both spider mites and M. caliginosus preferred spider mite infested green bean plants to uninfested plants. For M. caliginosus this response was mediated by HIPVs whereas for T. urticae it was mediated through a composite response to both HIPVs and odours emitted directly by the conspecifics (and their associated products). The results may be of use in practical biocontrol situations, through e.g., plant breeding for improved HIPV production, conditioning of mass-reared predators to appropriate cues, and employment of "push-pull-strategies" by using HIPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R S Moayeri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran
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