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Anticancer effects of olive oil polyphenols and their combinations with anticancer drugs. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:461-482. [PMID: 31639094 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer presents one of the leading causes of death in the world. Current treatment includes the administration of one or more anticancer drugs, commonly known as chemotherapy. The biggest issue concerning the chemotherapeutics is their toxicity on normal cells and persisting side effects. One approach to the issue is chemoprevention and the other one is the discovery of more effective drugs or drug combinations, including combinations with polyphenols. Olive oil polyphenols (OOPs), especially hydroxytyrosol (HTyr), tyrosol (Tyr) and their derivatives oleuropein (Ole), oleacein and oleocanthal (Oc) express anticancer activity on different cancer models. Recent studies report that phenolic extract of virgin olive oil may be more effective than the individual phenolic compounds. Also, there is a growing body of evidence about the combined treatment of OOPs with various anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin, tamoxifen, doxorubicin and others. These novel approaches may present an advanced strategy in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Ekladious I, Liu R, Varongchayakul N, Mejia Cruz LA, Todd DA, Zhang H, Oberlies NH, Padera RF, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW. Reinforcement of polymeric nanoassemblies for ultra-high drug loadings, modulation of stiffness and release kinetics, and sustained therapeutic efficacy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8360-8366. [PMID: 29717728 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of current polymeric nanoparticle therapies is restricted by low drug loadings and limited tunability of core properties. To overcome these shortcomings, a novel self-association approach is utilized to fabricate a dual-loaded poly(1,2-glycerol carbonate)-graft-succinic acid-paclitaxel (PGC-PTX) conjugate nanoparticle (NP) in which the physical entrapment of free paclitaxel (PTX) affords unprecedented ultra-high drug loadings >100 wt%, modulation of mechanical stiffness, and tunable release kinetics. Despite high incorporation of free PTX (up to 50 wt%), the dual-loaded PGC-PTX nanocarriers (i.e., PGC-PTX + PTX NPs) exhibit controlled and sustained drug release over 15 days, without burst release effects. Importantly, optimization of drug/material efficiency concomitantly affords improved in vitro efficacy. In vivo, PGC-PTX + PTX NPs are safely administered at doses exceeding the median lethal dose of standard PTX, while a single high dose significantly extends survival relative to weekly PTX administrations in a murine model of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iriny Ekladious
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Dong K, Yan Y, Wang P, Shi X, Zhang L, Wang K, Xing J, Dong Y. Biodegradable mixed MPEG-SS-2SA/TPGS micelles for triggered intracellular release of paclitaxel and reversing multidrug resistance. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5109-5123. [PMID: 27785018 PMCID: PMC5063596 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a type of multifunctional mixed micelles were prepared by a novel biodegradable amphiphilic polymer (MPEG-SS-2SA) and a multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agent (d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate, TPGS). The mixed micelles could achieve rapid intracellular drug release and reversal of MDR. First, the amphiphilic polymer, MPEG-SS-2SA, was synthesized through disulfide bonds between poly (ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MPEG) and stearic acid (SA). The structure of the obtained polymer was similar to poly (ethylene glycol)-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE). Then the mixed micelles, MPEG-SS-2SA/TPGS, were prepared by MPEG-SS-2SA and TPGS through the thin film hydration method and loaded paclitaxel (PTX) as the model drug. The in vitro release study revealed that the mixed micelles could rapidly release PTX within 24 h under a reductive environment because of the breaking of disulfide bonds. In cell experiments, the mixed micelles significantly inhibited the activity of mitochondrial respiratory complex II, also reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, and the content of adenosine triphosphate, thus effectively inhibiting the efflux of PTX from cells. Moreover, in the confocal laser scanning microscopy, cellular uptake and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assays, the MPEG-SS-2SA/TPGS micelles achieved faster release and more uptake of PTX in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7/PTX cells and showed better antitumor effects as compared with the insensitive control. In conclusion, the biodegradable mixed micelles, MPEG-SS-2SA/TPGS, could be potential vehicles for delivering hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs in MDR cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengchong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianpeng Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University
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Meng H, Zhao Y, Dong J, Xue M, Lin YS, Ji Z, Mai WX, Zhang H, Chang CH, Brinker CJ, Zink JI, Nel AE. Two-wave nanotherapy to target the stroma and optimize gemcitabine delivery to a human pancreatic cancer model in mice. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10048-65. [PMID: 24143858 PMCID: PMC3878438 DOI: 10.1021/nn404083m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) elicits a dense stromal response that blocks vascular access because of pericyte coverage of vascular fenestrations. In this way, the PDAC stroma contributes to chemotherapy resistance in addition to causing other problems. In order to improve the delivery of gemcitabine, a first-line chemotherapeutic agent, a PEGylated drug-carrying liposome was developed, using a transmembrane ammonium sulfate gradient to encapsulate the protonated drug up to 20% w/w. However, because the liposome was precluded from entering the xenograft site due to the stromal interference, we developed a first-wave nanocarrier that decreases pericyte coverage of the vasculature through interference in the pericyte recruiting TGF-β signaling pathway. This was accomplished using a polyethyleneimine (PEI)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) for molecular complexation to a small molecule TGF-β inhibitor, LY364947. LY364947 contains a nitrogen atom that attaches, through H-bonding, to PEI amines with a high rate of efficiency. The copolymer coating also facilitates systemic biodistribution and retention at the tumor site. Because of the high loading capacity and pH-dependent LY364947 release from the MSNPs, we achieved rapid entry of IV-injected liposomes and MSNPs at the PDAC tumor site. This two-wave approach provided effective shrinkage of the tumor xenografts beyond 25 days, compared to the treatment with free drug or gemcitabine-loaded liposomes only. Not only does this approach overcome stromal resistance to drug delivery in PDAC, but it also introduces the concept of using a stepwise engineered approach to address a range of biological impediments that interfere in nanocancer therapy in a spectrum of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Meng
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Address correspondence to: and
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Juyao Dong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yu-Shen Lin
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Wilson X. Mai
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Self-Assembled Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87106
| | - Jeffrey I. Zink
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Address correspondence to: and
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Abstract
Current theories suggest that mitotic checkpoint proteins are essential for proper cellular response to taxanes, a widely-used family of chemotherapeutic compounds. We recently demonstrated that absence or depletion of protein Daxx increases cellular taxol (paclitaxel) resistance—a common trait of patients diagnosed with several malignancies, including breast cancer. Further investigation of Daxx-mediated taxol response revealed that Daxx is important for the proper timing of mitosis progression and cyclin B stability. Daxx interacts with mitotic checkpoint protein Rassf1 and partially co-localizes with this protein during mitosis. Rassf1/Daxx depletion or expression of Daxx binding domain of Rassf1 elevates cyclin B stability and increases taxol resistance in cells and mouse xenograft models. In breast cancer patients, we observed the inverse correlation between Daxx and clinical response to taxane-based chemotherapy. These data suggest that Daxx and Rassf1 define a mitotic stress checkpoint that enables cells to exit mitosis as micronucleated cells (and eventually die) when encountered with specific mitotic stress stimuli, including taxol. Surprisingly, depletion of Daxx or Rassf1 does not change activity of E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C in in vitro settings, suggesting necessity of mitotic cellular environment for proper activation of this checkpoint. Daxx and Rassf1 may become useful predictive markers for the proper selection of patients for taxane chemotherapy.
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Rabah SO. Acute Taxol nephrotoxicity: Histological and ultrastructural studies of mice kidney parenchyma. Saudi J Biol Sci 2010; 17:105-14. [PMID: 23961065 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol is a microtubule inhibitor drug widely used in treatment of many types of cancer. Nephrotoxicity is the most hazardous effect complicating chemotherapy in general and kidney functions must be monitored early during any chemotherapeutic course. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute Taxol nephrotoxicity in mice. In the present study Taxol at different doses; MD, ID and MTD (0.6, 1.15 and 1.7 mg/kg), respectively, was given by intra-peritoneal route to 54 adult male mice with an average body weight of 20-25 g. Kidney samples was taken 6, 24, 48 h following administration, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, paraffin sections 5 μm thick were stained by haematoxylin and eosin and PAS and then examined for histological changes. Samples from animals treated by the maximum dose (MTD = 1.7 mg/kg) for 48 h were fixed in 3% gluteraldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and processed for transmission electron microscope. Taxol given for short duration was found to produce marked degenerative changes in kidney parenchyma even in minimum tolerated dose (MD = 0.6 mg/kg). Individual variations were observed regarding the degree of nephrotoxicity. There was marked loss of renal tubules epithelial lining, damage of brush border and formation of hyaline casts within the damaged tubules. The alterations were in the form of both necrotic and apoptotic changes in the kidney tubules. Focal atrophy of glomerular tufts was also observed. Vascular congestion and degenerative changes in renal blood vessels were occasionally evident in some samples. Ultrastructure study revealed damage of glomerular membrane. Proximal tubule showed loss of basal infoldings, damage of brush border, mitochondrial degeneration and nuclear changes. Distal tubules also showed demarked degenerative changes. Increased frequency of micronuclei proved that Taxol had genotoxic effects in mice bone marrow cells. In conclusion Taxol had nephrotoxic effect on mice kidney that must be considered during its use as a chemotherapeutic agent in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Omar Rabah
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Adulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
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Horinouchi H, Yamamoto H, Komatsu T, Huang Y, Tsuchida E, Kobayashi K. Enhanced radiation response of a solid tumor with the artificial oxygen carrier 'albumin-heme'. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1274-8. [PMID: 18429955 PMCID: PMC11158534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-cell hypoxia is one of the main factors inducing radioresistance. Enhanced tumor oxygenation has previously been achieved in an animal model using the synthetic heme-based oxygen carrier 'albumin-heme' (recombinant human serum albumin-Fe cyclohexanoil heme; rHSA-FeP). The present study was done to determine whether rHSA-FeP enhances the radiation response in an experimental tumor model. Male Donryu rats and LY80, a variant of the syngenic liver ascites tumor, were used. A total of 1 x 10(6) cells were injected into the subfascial tissue of the right thigh. The rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham (tumor implantation and sham operation); rHSA-FeP; irradiation; rHSA + irradiation; and rHSA-FeP + irradiation. Six days after, under general anesthesia, intra-arterial administration of 10 mL/kg of either 5% rHSA solution or oxygenated rHSA-FeP solution at 2.5 mL/min was done and a dose of 20 Gy was given. There were significant differences in tumor growth between the sham and irradiation groups, and between the sham and rHSA-FeP + irradiation groups. Tumor growth delay was observed and differences were significant between the sham and irradiation groups, and between the irradiation and rHSA-FeP + irradiation groups. In the present study, rHSA-FeP itself had a slight effect on tumor growth without irradiation. Enhancing the effect of rHSA-FeP on the radiation response is responsible in part for the oxygen-carrying property of rHSA-FeP. In conclusion, rHSA-FeP is a candidate radiation-enhancing drug. Arterial infusion of rHSA-FeP may serve as a local oxygenation method that enhances the radiation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Horinouchi
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keio University, School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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8
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You JO, Auguste DT. Feedback-regulated paclitaxel delivery based on poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2008; 29:1950-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ishizu K, Sunose N, Yamazaki K, Tsuruo T, Sadahiro S, Makuuchi H, Yamori T. Development and characterization of a model of liver metastasis using human colon cancer HCT-116 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1779-83. [PMID: 17827739 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop a model of liver metastasis of human gastrointestinal cancer cells, we examined the potential of 10 human colon and stomach cancer cell lines (HT-29, WiDr, HCT-116, HCT-15, HCC-2998, MKN7, MKN28, MKN45, MKN74 and St-4) to form liver metastases in nude mice. Among the cell lines, HCT-116 cells consistently formed gross liver metastases when injected into the spleens of nude mice. In contrast, other human colon and stomach cancer cells produced little or no liver metastasis. In order to analyze the high metastatic potential of HCT-116 cells, the adhesion potential was compared between HCT-116 cells and the other colon cancer cell lines. HCT-116 cells showed more efficient adhesion to fibronectin (FN) than other cells. Furthermore, FN enhanced haptotaxis of HCT-116 cells, but not of other colon cancer cells. The high adhesion potential to FN and enhanced haptotaxis may contribute, at least in part, to the high metastatic potential of HCT-116. To assess the value of this newly developed model of liver metastasis, we compared the ability of four anticancer drugs (fluorouracil, doxifluridine, paclitaxel and irinotecan) to inhibit the formation of liver metastases. Paclitaxel and irinotecan showed strong inhibition of liver metastasis but fluorouracil and doxifluridine showed only slight inhibition. Therefore, this model of metastasis may be useful for screening anti-liver metastatic reagents. These results indicate that the HCT-116 liver-metastasis model should be useful for analyzing the molecular mechanism of liver metastasis and for evaluating new anti-liver metastatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ishizu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
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10
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Dabholkar RD, Sawant RM, Mongayt DA, Devarajan PV, Torchilin VP. Polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (PEG-PE)-based mixed micelles: some properties, loading with paclitaxel, and modulation of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux. Int J Pharm 2006; 315:148-57. [PMID: 16616818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Revised: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mixed micelles prepared of poly(ethylene glycol)2000-phosphatidyl ethanolamine conjugate (PEG(2000)-PE) and d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) in 1:1 molar ratio have been investigated. Micelle formation was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. CMC of the micelles was found to be 1.5 x 10(-5)M. Poorly soluble anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (PCL) was efficiently solubilized in 15 nm non-toxic PEG-PE/TPGS micelles. PCL entrapment was quite stable with only about 20% of the incorporated drug released from micelles after 48 h at 37 degrees C. In addition, PCL-containing PEG(2000)-PE/TPGS micelles were stable in vitro under various conditions modeling the physiological ones, in particular, at low pH values and in the presence of bile acids, which is especially important for their possible oral administration. Fluorescently labeled micelles demonstrated time-dependent internalization by human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, Caco-2. The internalization of PEG(2000)-PE/TPGS micelles loaded with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, rhodamine-123 (RH-123), opposite to the internalization of the free RH-123, was not influenced by the inhibition of the P-gp pump with verapamil hydrochloride, which assumes a P-gp-independent micelle internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa D Dabholkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Okugawa H, Yamamoto D, Uemura Y, Sakaida N, Tanano A, Tanaka K, Kamiyama Y. Effect of perductal paclitaxel exposure on the development of MNU-induced mammary carcinoma in female S-D rats. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 91:29-34. [PMID: 15868429 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-004-6455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma and precancer are thought to start in the lining of the milk duct or lobule. METHODS At 5weeks of age, rats received a intraperitoneal (ip) injection of MNU for carcinogenesis. After mammary tumors were identified macroscopically using fiberscope, the rats were treated with perductal (pd) or ip injection of paclitaxel tri-weekly. At 36 weeks after MNU injection, tumor burden (No. of >1cm palpable mammary tumors/rat), total number of mammary carcinoma, apoptosis (AI), and microvessel density (MVD) were measured. RESULTS The administration of paclitaxel through the duct did not produce any toxic side effect. The tumor burden and total number of mammary carcinoma in the pd paclitaxel-treated group were significantly reduced compared to those seen in the ip paclitaxel-treated group. In addition, in the pd paclitaxel-treated group, AI was also increased and MVD was decreased, compared to those in the ip paclitaxel-treated group. CONCLUSION Local administration of paclitaxel may be useful for treatment of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Alkylating Agents/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Female
- Infusions, Parenteral
- Mammary Glands, Animal
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/etiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/physiopathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental
- Methylnitrosourea/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/adverse effects
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Okugawa
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8506, Japan
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12
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McDaid HM, Lopez-Barcons L, Grossman A, Lia M, Keller S, Pérez-Soler R, Horwitz SB. Enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of taxol by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor CI-1040 in nude mice bearing human heterotransplants. Cancer Res 2005; 65:2854-60. [PMID: 15805287 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taxol may contribute to intrinsic chemoresistance by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cytoprotective pathway in human cancer cell lines and tumors. We have previously shown additivity between Taxol and the MEK inhibitor, U0126 in human cancer cell lines. Here, the combination of Taxol with an orally bioavailable MEK inhibitor, CI-1040, was evaluated in human lung tumors heterotransplanted into nude mice. Unlike xenograft models that are derived from cells with multiple genetic alterations due to prolonged passage, heterotransplanted tumor models are more clinically relevant. Combined treatment with both drugs resulted in inhibition of tumor growth in all models and tumor regressions in three of four models tested, supporting our previous observation that Taxol's efficacy is potentiated by MEK inhibition. Concurrent administration was superior to intermittent dosing. Pharmacodynamic assessments of tumors indicated that suppression of MEK was associated with induction of S473 phosphorylated Akt and reduced proliferation in the combination groups relative to single agents, in addition to suppression of fibroblast growth factor-mediated angiogenesis and reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. These findings are significant and indicate that this combination may have broad therapeutic applications in a diverse range of lung tumors with different intrinsic chemosensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M McDaid
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Drug carriers such as liposomes provide a means to alter the biodisposition of drugs and to achieve concentration-time exposure profiles in tissue or tumor that are not readily accomplished with free drug. These changes in biodisposition can improve treatment efficacy. For hydrophobic drugs, incorporation in liposome carriers can increase drug solubility markedly. The taxanes paclitaxel (taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere) are members of one of the most important new classes of oncology drugs. However, their poor solubility presents pharmaceutical challenges, and emerging data suggest that specific tissue exposure profiles, such as low drug concentrations for extended times, can enhance beneficial antitumor mechanisms. Incorporation of the taxanes into liposomes eliminates not only the toxic effects of cosolvents required to administer these drugs clinically but also increases drug efficacy in animal tumor models, usually through a reduction in dose-limiting tissue toxicities. Although the taxanes are poorly water soluble, the preparation of physically stabile taxane-liposome formulations requires the balancing of three factors: (1) the drug:lipid ratio, (2) the liposome composition, and (3) the duration of storage in aqueous media. Biophysical evaluation of formulation characteristics, principally using circular dichroism (CD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), can provide the information necessary to develop stable taxane-liposome formulations. These techniques provide information on drug-drug and drug-lipid interactions that underlie the events that lead to taxane formulation instability. Owing to the unusually low solubility of the taxanes, special consideration is necessary to devise methods for resolving drug-containing liposomes from released or precipitated drug to obtain reliable estimates of drug incorporation and retention in liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260, USA
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14
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Frijhoff AFW, Conti CJ, Senderowicz AM. Advances in molecular carcinogenesis: current and future use of mouse models to screen and validate molecularly targeted anticancer drugs. Mol Carcinog 2004; 39:183-94. [PMID: 15057870 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Survival of patients with advanced solid tumors has not significantly improved over the past 30 years. Although molecularly targeted anticancer drugs offer promise, few drugs make it through the end of the Food and Drug Administration approval process. Animal models that more closely resemble human carcinogenesis may bridge the gap between preclinical success and benefits for patients. We discuss pros and cons of several mouse models, including genetically engineered mice that each represent different aspects of human cancer, and the screening of targeted drugs in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita F W Frijhoff
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park-Research Division, Smithville, Texas, USA
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15
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Fetterly GJ, Straubinger RM. Pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel-containing liposomes in rats. AAPS PHARMSCI 2003; 5:E32. [PMID: 15198520 PMCID: PMC2750994 DOI: 10.1208/ps050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In animal models, liposomal formulations of paclitaxel possess lower toxicity and equal antitumor efficacy compared with the clinical formulation, Taxol. The goal of this study was to determine the formulation dependence of paclitaxel pharmacokinetics in rats, in order to test the hypothesis that altered biodistribution of paclitaxel modifies the exposure of critical normal tissues. Paclitaxel was administered intravenously in either multilamellar (MLV) liposomes composed of phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylcholine (L-pac) or in the Cremophor EL/ethanol vehicle used for the Taxol formulation (Cre-pac). The dose was 40 mg/kg, and the infusion time was 8 to 9 minutes. Animals were killed at various times, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from the blood and tissue distribution of paclitaxel. The area under the concentration vs time curve (AUC) for blood was similar for the 2 formulations (L-pac: 38.1 +/- 3.32 microg-h/mL; Cre-pac: 34.5 +/- 0.994 microg-h/mL), however, the AUC for various tissues was formulation-dependent. For bone marrow, skin, kidney, brain, adipose, and muscle tissue, the AUC was statistically higher for Cre-pac. For spleen, a tissue of the reticuloendothelial system that is important in the clearance of liposomes, the AUC was statistically higher for L-pac. Apparent tissue partition coefficients (K(p)) also were calculated. For bone marrow, a tissue in which paclitaxel exerts significant toxicity, K(p) was 5-fold greater for paclitaxel in Cre-pac. The data are consistent with paclitaxel release from circulating liposomes, but with efflux delayed sufficiently to retain drug to a greater extent in the central (blood) compartment and reduce penetration into peripheral tissues. These effects may contribute to the reduced toxicity of liposomal formulations of paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J. Fetterly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 539 Cooke Hall, 14260-1200 Amherst, NY
- Cognigen Corporation, 395 Youngs Road, 14221 Buffalo, NY
| | - Robert M. Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 539 Cooke Hall, 14260-1200 Amherst, NY
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Hu L, Hofmann J, Zaloudek C, Ferrara N, Hamilton T, Jaffe RB. Vascular endothelial growth factor immunoneutralization plus Paclitaxel markedly reduces tumor burden and ascites in athymic mouse model of ovarian cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2002; 161:1917-24. [PMID: 12414537 PMCID: PMC1850791 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is characterized by rapid growth of solid intraperitoneal tumors and production of large volumes of ascites. Our previous studies of intraperitoneal ovarian carcinoma in an athymic mouse model demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could prevent ascites formation. Although ascites was almost completely inhibited, tumor burden was variably reduced. To develop more effective therapy, we assessed the combination of a human VEGF mAb plus paclitaxel. Four groups of female athymic nude mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with OVCAR3 cells. Two weeks after inoculation, one group was treated with a human VEGF mAb intraperitoneally twice weekly plus paclitaxel intraperitoneally three times weekly for 6 weeks. The second group was treated with VEGF mAb alone. The third group was treated with paclitaxel alone. The remaining group was treated with vehicle only. Tumor burden in the VEGF mAb plus paclitaxel and paclitaxel alone groups was reduced by 83.3% and 85.7% and 58.5% and 59.5%, respectively, in two separate experiments, compared to controls. VEGF mAb alone caused no significant decrease in tumor burden, nor did treatment of mice inoculated intraperitoneally with HEY-A8 cells, a non-VEGF-secreting ovarian cell line. Virtually no ascites developed in the combined treatment group or the group treated with VEGF mAb alone. Paclitaxel alone reduced ascites slightly, but not significantly. Morphological studies demonstrated that VEGF immunoneutralization enhanced paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in these human ovarian cancers. Thus, combination therapy with inhibitors of VEGF plus paclitaxel may be an effective way to markedly reduce tumor growth and ascites in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Hu
- From the Center for Reproductive Sciences* and the Department of Pathology,† University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; the Department of Molecular Oncology,‡ Genentech Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and the Fox Chase Cancer Center,§ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith Hofmann
- From the Center for Reproductive Sciences* and the Department of Pathology,† University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; the Department of Molecular Oncology,‡ Genentech Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and the Fox Chase Cancer Center,§ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles Zaloudek
- From the Center for Reproductive Sciences* and the Department of Pathology,† University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; the Department of Molecular Oncology,‡ Genentech Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and the Fox Chase Cancer Center,§ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- From the Center for Reproductive Sciences* and the Department of Pathology,† University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; the Department of Molecular Oncology,‡ Genentech Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and the Fox Chase Cancer Center,§ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Hamilton
- From the Center for Reproductive Sciences* and the Department of Pathology,† University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; the Department of Molecular Oncology,‡ Genentech Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and the Fox Chase Cancer Center,§ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert B. Jaffe
- From the Center for Reproductive Sciences* and the Department of Pathology,† University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; the Department of Molecular Oncology,‡ Genentech Incorporated, South San Francisco, California; and the Fox Chase Cancer Center,§ Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abe S, Kubota T, Otani Y, Furukawa T, Watanabe M, Kumai K, Akiyama T, Akinaga S, Kitajima M. UCN-01 (7-hydoxystaurosporine) inhibits in vivo growth of human cancer cells through selective perturbation of G1 phase checkpoint machinery. Jpn J Cancer Res 2001; 92:537-45. [PMID: 11376563 PMCID: PMC5926745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying tumor sensitivity to the antitumor agent UCN‐01 (7‐hydroxystaurosporine) were examined in the nude mouse model using three human tumor xenografts, two pancreatic cancers (PAN‐3‐JCK and CRL 1420) and a breast cancer (MX‐1). UCN‐01 antitumor activity was evaluated in terms of relative tumor weights in treated and untreated mice bearing the tumor xenografts. The activity of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), levels of p21 and p27 proteins, pRb status and cell cycle were evaluated. Induction of p21 and apoptosis were also assessed immuno‐histochemically in CRL 1420. UCN‐01 was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of either 5 or 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days followed by a further 5 injections after an interval of 2 days. UCN‐01 significantly suppressed the growth of both pancreatic cancers, but was ineffective against MX‐1. p21 protein expression was markedly induced in the UCN‐01‐sensitive pancreatic carcinoma xenografts at both doses, but p21 induction was only evident in the UCN‐01‐resistant MX‐1 at 10 mg/kg. MX‐1 exhibited CDK2 activity that was 6‐fold higher than that of pancreatic cancer strains, which may explain the resistance of MX‐1 to UCN‐01 despite the induction of p21 at the dose of 10 mg/kg. The UCN‐01‐sensitive tumors exhibited G1 arrest and increased levels of apoptosis, changes not observed in resistant MX‐1. In conclusion, it appears that a determining factor of in vivo UCN‐01 sensitivity involves the balance of CDK2 kinase activity and p21 protein induction, resulting in augmented pRb phosphorylation, G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abe
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Fujimoto S, Chikazawa H. Schedule-dependent and -independent antitumor activity of paclitaxel-based combination chemotherapy against M-109 murine lung carcinoma in vivo. Jpn J Cancer Res 1998; 89:1343-51. [PMID: 10081496 PMCID: PMC5921735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The established antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel against a variety of human tumors has led to pre-clinical and clinical studies to develop the paclitaxel-based combination regimens. We examined in vivo the antitumor activity and toxicity of the combination of paclitaxel and each of 8 antitumor agents, currently in clinical use, against M-109 murine lung carcinoma implanted subcutaneously into male CDF1 mice. Paclitaxel given intravenously at 24 mg/kg/day on a schedule of consecutive daily injections for 5 days (d1-5) induced reproducibly, in 6 experiments, a significant (37-82%) increase in the survival time of tumor-bearing mice over saline-treated control mice. Cisplatin at 4 and 2 mg/kg/day given intravenously on the same treatment schedule showed no significant antitumor activity when given alone; however, the combination of paclitaxel at 24 mg/kg/day (d1-5) followed by cisplatin at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day (d6-10) induced a significant (P < 0.05) prolongation of the survival time of tumor-bearing mice compared with the group given paclitaxel alone. On the other hand, treatment with these drugs on the reverse sequence caused toxic deaths of all mice. Such sequence-dependent toxic death of mice was also observed with the combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin, etoposide or methotrexate. The combination of paclitaxel and adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, ranimustine or vinblastine (VLB) showed a sequence-independent antitumor activity and a more-than-additive therapeutic effect was observed with the combination of paclitaxel and either VLB or ranimustine. Although the drug administration schedules used here may not be directly applicable to the clinic, knowledge of the nature of the sequence-dependency in paclitaxel-based combination chemotherapy should be useful in the design of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fujimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute
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Asanuma F, Yamada Y, Kawamura E, Lee K, Kobayashi H, Yamada T, Suzuki T, Kubota T. Antitumor activity of paclitaxel and epirubicin in human breast carcinoma, R-27. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1998; 43:473-4. [PMID: 9821299 DOI: 10.1007/bf02820793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor effect of paclitaxel, epirubicin, and both in combination was tested using R-27, an estrogen receptor-positive human breast carcinoma. In an in vivo study using nude mice both drugs showed an additive effect, whereas they showed a supraadditive pattern in in vitro MTT assay. The combination of paclitaxel and epirubicin may enhance the antitumor effect on breast carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Epirubicin/administration & dosage
- Epirubicin/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- F Asanuma
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Abstract
We examined paclitaxel for anti-tumor activity against human lung cancer xenografts in nude mice and compared its efficacy with that of cisplatin, currently a key drug for lung cancer chemotherapy. Five non-small cell lung cancers (A549, NCI-H23, NCI-H226, NCI-H460 and NCI-H522) and 2 small cell lung cancers (DMS114 and DMS273) were chosen for this study, since these cell lines have been well characterized as regards in vitro and in vivo drug sensitivity. These cells were exposed to graded concentrations of paclitaxel (0.1 to 1000 nM) for 48 h. The 50% growth-inhibitory concentrations (GI50) for the cell lines ranged from 4 to 24 nM, which are much lower than the achievable peak plasma concentration of paclitaxel. In the in vivo study, 4 cell lines (A549, NCI-H23, NCI-H460, DMS-273) were grown as subcutaneous tumors xenografts in nude mice. Paclitaxel was given intravenously as consecutive daily injections for 5 days at the doses of 24 and 12 mg/kg/day. Against every xenograft, paclitaxel produced a statistically significant tumor growth inhibition compared to the saline control. Paclitaxel at 24 mg/kg/day was more effective than cisplatin at 3 mg/kg/day with the same dosing schedule as above, although the toxicity of paclitaxel was similar to or rather lower than that of cisplatin, in terms of body weight loss. In addition, paclitaxel showed potent activity against 2 other lung cancer xenografts (NCI-H226 and DMS114). Therefore, paclitaxel showed more effective, wider-spectrum anti-tumor activity than cisplatin in this panel of 6 lung cancer xenografts. These findings support the potential utility of paclitaxel in the treatment of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamori
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo
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