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Kamińska J, Koper-Lenkiewicz OM, Ponikwicka-Tyszko D, Lebiedzińska W, Palak E, Sztachelska M, Bernaczyk P, Dorf J, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Zaręba K, Wołczyński S, Rahman NA, Dymicka-Piekarska V. New Insights on the Progesterone (P4) and PGRMC1/NENF Complex Interactions in Colorectal Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5074. [PMID: 37894441 PMCID: PMC10605590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature data regarding the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the context of hormone therapy (HT), including both estrogen-progestogen combinations and estrogen alone, are inconclusive. The precise relationship underlying the action of progesterone (P4) and progesterone receptors in CRC has yet to be determined. We characterized the expression profiles of both nuclear and membrane progesterone receptors and their potential cofactors in CRC tissues. Additionally, we analyzed the P4 and NENF treatment effects on the cell proliferation and invasion of DLD-1 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. We observed a weak expression of the nuclear P4 receptor (PGR), but an abundant expression of the P4 receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) and neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (NENF) in the CRC tissues. P4 treatment stimulated the proliferation of the DLD-1 and HT-29 CRC cells. The co-treatment of P4 and NENF significantly increased the invasiveness of the DLD-1 and HT-29 cells. A functional analysis revealed that these effects were dependent on PGRMC1. AN immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated a cytoplasmic co-localization of PGRMC1 and NENF in the CRC cells. Moreover, the concentration of serum NENF was significantly higher in CRC patients, and P4 treatment significantly increased the release of NENF in the DLD-1 cells. P4 or NENF treatment also significantly increased the IL-8 release in the DLD-1 cells. Our data may provide novel insights into the action of P4 and PGRMC1/NENF in CRC progression, where NENF may act as a potential PGRMC1 co-activator in non-classical P4 signaling. Furthermore, NENF, as a secreted protein, potentially could serve as a promising circulating biomarker candidate for distinguishing between colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals, although large-scale extensive studies are needed to establish this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (O.M.K.-L.); (J.D.)
| | - Olga Martyna Koper-Lenkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (O.M.K.-L.); (J.D.)
| | - Donata Ponikwicka-Tyszko
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.P.-T.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Weronika Lebiedzińska
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (W.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Ewelina Palak
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.P.-T.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sztachelska
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (D.P.-T.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Piotr Bernaczyk
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Justyna Dorf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (O.M.K.-L.); (J.D.)
| | | | - Konrad Zaręba
- 2nd Clinical Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-094 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Wołczyński
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (W.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Nafis Ahmed Rahman
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (W.L.); (S.W.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (O.M.K.-L.); (J.D.)
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Matsuno T, Mikami T, Hayashi H, Funahashi K, Okazumi S, Hiruta N, Shibuya K, Igarashi Y. Estrogen receptor beta expression in colitis-associated carcinoma in comparison with sporadic colonic tumor: An immunohistochemical study. JGH Open 2023; 7:110-117. [PMID: 36852140 PMCID: PMC9958341 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim The rate of ulcerative colitis (UC)-related colorectal cancer (colitis-associated carcinoma) is increasing. Estrogen receptor (ER) beta expression has been studied separately in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer and those with colitis-associated carcinoma. However, no study has compared the expression in both of these cancer types. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between colitis-associated carcinoma and ERs and assess whether the expression of ER beta influences cell proliferation. Methods This study included 45 surgically operated colitis-associated carcinomas, 43 high-grade dysplasias, 34 low-grade dysplasias, 36 sporadic colorectal cancers, 44 high-grade adenomas, and 34 low-grade adenomas. ER beta expression was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Results Colitis-associated carcinoma showed significantly lower ER beta immunoexpression than sporadic colorectal lesions and high- and low-grade dysplasia. In seven colitis-associated carcinoma harboring both intensity score 3 (strong immunoexpression) and score 1 (weak immunoexpression) areas, the correlation among ER beta intensity, Ki-67, and p21 labeling index was assessed; an area with an ER beta intensity score of 3 showed a higher Ki-67 labeling index than that with score 1. In four out of the seven lesions, p21 labeling index was higher in the area of ER beta score 1 than in that of ER beta score 3. Conclusions The data suggest that ER beta expression is an accelerating factor in colorectal tumors. This association may be lower in colitis-associated carcinoma than in sporadic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Matsuno
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineToho University Omori Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Tetuo Mikami
- Department of PathologyToho University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Department of PathologyYokohama Municipal Citizen's HospitalYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Shinichi Okazumi
- Department of SurgeryToho University Sakura Medical CenterSakuraJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Hiruta
- Department of Surgical PathologyToho University Sakura Medical CenterSakuraJapan
| | - Kazutoshi Shibuya
- Department of Surgical PathologyToho University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Igarashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal MedicineToho University Omori Medical CenterTokyoJapan
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Taggarshe D, Lobocki C, Silberberg B, Mckendrick A, Mittal VK. Clinicopathological Significance of the Expression of Estrogen Receptor-beta and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A in Colorectal Cancer. Am Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481207801230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-receptor-beta (ERβ), progesterone receptor (PR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) have been implicated in colorectal cancer. However, the clinicopathological significance of any expression of these markers remains unclear. Immunohistochemical assays of ERα, ERβ, PR, and VEGF-A were performed on 72 colorectal cancer cases. Normal mucosa from the same cases was assessed as a control. The correlation of presence of these markers with clinicopathological features and survival was determined. ERα and PR were not expressed in tumors. Forty-one of 53 (77.4%) cases of normal mucosa showed strong ERβ expression compared with weak expression in 32 of 72 (44.4%) of malignant cells. A significant decrease in ERβ expression from normal mucosa to tumor was found in females ( P = 0.007) but not in males ( P = 0.149). VEGF-A was expressed strongly in malignant cells in 64 of 72 (89%) cases. No association was found between ERβ or VEGF-A expression and tumor grade, angiolymphatic involvement, stage, disease-free survival, or overall survival. Colorectal cancers do not express ERα or PR. ERβ may have a protective role, especially in females. VEGF-A may have a role in tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, ERβ and VEGF-A cannot be used as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Taggarshe
- Departments of General Surgery, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Southfield, Michigan
| | - Catherine Lobocki
- Departments of Patient Care Research, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Southfield, Michigan
| | - Boris Silberberg
- Departments of Patient Care Research, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Southfield, Michigan
| | - Alasdair Mckendrick
- Departments of General Surgery, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Southfield, Michigan
| | - Vijay K. Mittal
- Departments of General Surgery, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Southfield, Michigan
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4
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Ye SB, Cheng YK, Zhang L, Wang XP, Wang L, Lan P. Prognostic value of estrogen receptor-α and progesterone receptor in curatively resected colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis with independent validations. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:933. [PMID: 31590647 PMCID: PMC6781392 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic assessment is crucial for optimal treatment. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential impact of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and progesterone receptor (PR) on the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who received curative resection. Methods Retrospective evaluation of two independent cohorts of CRC patients maintained prospectively in 2009–2010 (training set) (n = 148) and 2007–2009 (internal validation set) (n = 485). Furthermore, we used an external independent CRC cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 511) for further validation. ER-α and PR expression as well as other potential prognostic factors were retrospectively evaluated in training set with respect to overall survival (OS), local relapse free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS). The prognostic factors found in training set will be validated in two validation cohorts. Results On univariate analysis for the training set, OS, LRFS and DMFS were not associated with PR expression. While patients with ER-αexpression were found to have poor prognosis. In addition, multivariate analysis showed that ER-αexpression maintained significance with respect to OS (HR, 5.06; p = 0.002), LRFS (HR, 8.81; p = 0.002) and DMFS (HR, 8.07; p = 0.004). Similarly, ER-α expression showed prognostic significance with respect to OS with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.572 (95% CI: 1.001–2.467, p = 0.049) and 1.624 (95% CI: 1.047–2.520, p = 0.031) for the internal and external validation cohort, respectively. Conclusion ER-α expression was a biomarker of poor prognosis and it might inform treatment decision for high risk CRC patients. However, PR expression was not associated with survival outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5918-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Biao Ye
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Kan Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Stevanato Filho PR, Aguiar Júnior S, Begnami MD, Kuasne H, Spencer RM, Nakagawa WT, Bezerra TS, Kupper BC, Takahashi RM, Barros Filho M, Rogatto SR, Lopes A. Oestrogen receptor beta isoform expression in sporadic colorectal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis and progressive stages of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:754. [PMID: 29132333 PMCID: PMC5683223 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among the sex hormones, oestrogen may play a role in colorectal cancer, particularly in conjunction with oestrogen receptor-β (ERβ). The expression of ERβ isoform variants and their correlations with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) syndrome and sporadic colorectal carcinomas are poorly described. Methods This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of the ERβ1, ERβ2, ERβ4 and ERβ5 isoform variants using quantitative RT-PCR (921 analyses) in FAP, normal mucosa, adenomatous polyps and sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Results Decreased expression of ERβ isoforms was identified in sporadic polyps and in sporadic colorectal cancer as well as in polyps from FAP syndrome patients compared with normal tissues (p < 0.001). In FAP patients, ERβ1 and ERβ5 isoforms showed significant down-expression in polyps (p < 0.001) compared with matched normal tissues. However, no differences were observed when sporadic colorectal carcinomas were compared to normal mucosa tissues. These findings suggest an association of the ERβ isoform variants in individuals affected by germline mutations of the APC gene. Progressively decreased expression of ERβ was found in polyps at early stages of low-grade dysplasia, followed by T1-T2 and T3-T4 tumours (p < 0.05). In sporadic colorectal cancer, the loss of expression was an independent predictor of recurrence, and ERβ1 and ERβ5 expression levels were associated with better disease-free survival (p = 0.002). Conclusion These findings may provide a better understanding of oestrogens and their potential preventive and therapeutic effects on sporadic colorectal cancer and cancers associated with FAP syndrome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3688-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Stevanato Filho
- Colorectal Tumor Nucleus of the Pelvic Surgery Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Colorectal Tumor Nucleus of the A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, R. Professor Antônio Prudente, 211 Liberdade, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01509-010, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Aguiar Júnior
- Colorectal Tumor Nucleus of the Pelvic Surgery Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Hellen Kuasne
- CIPE - International Center for Research, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Sygehus, Vejle and Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ranyell Matheus Spencer
- Colorectal Tumor Nucleus of the Pelvic Surgery Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Toshihiko Nakagawa
- Colorectal Tumor Nucleus of the Pelvic Surgery Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Santoro Bezerra
- Colorectal Tumor Nucleus of the Pelvic Surgery Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Catin Kupper
- Colorectal Tumor Nucleus of the Pelvic Surgery Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Maymi Takahashi
- Colorectal Tumor Nucleus of the Pelvic Surgery Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Barros Filho
- CIPE - International Center for Research, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- CIPE - International Center for Research, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Sygehus, Vejle and Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ademar Lopes
- Colorectal Tumor Nucleus of the Pelvic Surgery Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Cui Y, Liang L, Zhong Q, He Q, Shan X, Chen K, Huang F. The association of cancer risks with pentachlorophenol exposure: Focusing on community population in the areas along certain section of Yangtze River in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:729-738. [PMID: 28094052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used in large quantities, and mainly for killing the intermediate host snails of schistosome in China, thereby resulting in ubiquitous PCP residue in the environment. However, studies considering the carcinogenicity of PCP for humans mainly focused on occupational workers, and the actual carcinogenicity of PCP for general population is uncertain. To investigate the association between cancer risks and PCP exposure in a community population, an ecological study was conducted in three contaminated areas along the Yangtze River. Standardized rate ratio (SRR) was calculated to represent the risk of cancer incidence, by using incidence in the low PCP exposure category as the reference group. A total of 15,962 cancer records were collected, and 76 water samples and 213 urine samples in three areas were examined. Our findings suggested that compared with the low PCP group, the high PCP group had significantly excessive incidences of various cancers related to different organs including lymph (SRR = 19.44, 95% CI = 15.00-25.19), blood (SRR = 17.24, 95% CI = 12.92-23.01), nasopharynx (SRR = 3.97, 95% CI = 3.75-4.21), gallbladder (SRR = 3.46, 95% CI = 3.09-3.87), pancreas (SRR = 3.41, 95% CI = 3.07-3.79), respiratory system (SRR = 3.41, 95% CI = 3.27-3.57) and liver (SRR = 3.31, 95% CI = 3.09-3.56). Taken together, our present study provides evidence that general community population exposed to high level of PCP exhibits a broader spectrum of increased cancer risks as compared to occupational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Ling Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiaomei Shan
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory of Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Keyang Chen
- Department of Hygiene Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Taliano RJ, LeGolvan M, Resnick MB. Immunohistochemistry of colorectal carcinoma: current practice and evolving applications. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:151-63. [PMID: 22939578 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The relatively high incidence of adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum (colorectal carcinoma) in the general population makes its pathologic diagnosis one of the more frequent exercises in anatomical pathology. Although typically mundane in the primary setting, the correct identification of metastatic colorectal carcinoma or exclusion of metastatic disease from carcinoma arising in other anatomical foci can be problematic. The advent of targeted therapies and refinement of more traditional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic regimens mandates not only a more confident appraisal of site of origin but also assessment of those tumor-specific features that may alter therapeutic decisions. Despite the exponential increase in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma, immunohistochemistry remains the foundation for resolution of these problematic cases and the number of antibodies available to the practicing pathologist continues to expand at a steady rate. In some cases, immunohistochemistry may also provide valuable prognostic information, either independently or as a surrogate marker for a specific route of carcinogenesis such as microsatellite instability. This review will focus on the use of new and more established immunohistochemistry markers in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma, with an emphasis on aberrant staining patterns of the various colorectal carcinoma subtypes as well as the utility of these markers in specific differential diagnostic settings.
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Qasim BJ, Ali HH, Hussein AG. Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human colorectal adenoma and carcinoma using specified automated cellular image analysis system: a clinicopathological study. Oman Med J 2011; 26:307-14. [PMID: 22125723 PMCID: PMC3215447 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2011.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma and to correlate this immunohistochemical expression with different clinicopathological parameters. METHODS The study was retrospectively designed. A total of 86 tissue samples, including 33 paraffin blocks from patients with colorectal adenomas, 33 paraffin blocks from patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas and a control group of 20 samples of non-tumorous colonic tissue, were included in the study. RESULTS The frequency of expression of ER and PR showed a gradual increase from control through adenoma to carcinoma. The frequencies of expression of ER in the control, adenoma and carcinoma were (10%, 15.15% and 42.42% respectively, p<0.001), while the frequency of expression for PR were (10%, 24.24% and 36.36% respectively, p<0.001). Strong ER and PR staining was mainly seen in carcinoma cases (42.42%, 36.36%, respectively) in comparison with adenoma (9.09%, 15.15%, respectively) and control (0%, 0%, respectively). The three digital parameters of ER and PR immunohistochemical expression (Area [A], Number of objects [N], and intensity [I]) were significantly increased in a sequence of normal mucosa-adenoma-carcinoma. There was a significant positive correlation between ER and PR in adenoma (r=0.312, p=0.034) and carcinoma (r=0.321, p=0.0398). CONCLUSION ER and PR expression increased in a sequence of; normal colonic mucosa-adenoma-carcinoma, and a positive correlation was observed between ER and PR expression in colonic adenoma and carcinoma specimen indicating that ER and PR may play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Jumaa Qasim
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hussam Hasson Ali
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Alaa Ghani Hussein
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Association between age and synchronous liver metastasis in female colorectal cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 137:959-64. [PMID: 21120666 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between age and synchronous liver metastasis in female colorectal cancer patients. METHOD Clinical and pathological data from 655 consecutive female patients who were treated in Qilu Hospital from January 2000 to January 2010 were reviewed. First, the patients were divided into two groups: 60 years or younger and 61 years or older. A chi-square test was adopted to analyse the difference in clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups. Then, they were classified into two groups according to liver metastasis. Univariate analysis and logistic multivariate regression analysis were adopted to discriminate risk factors of liver metastasis. RESULTS The chi-square test demonstrated that significant difference existed between the younger and the older groups in terms of liver metastasis (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), tumour localization (P < 0.001), tumour invasion depth (P < 0.001), type of tumour (P < 0.001), tumour cell differentiation (P < 0.001) and venous invasion (P < 0.001). Univariate analysis demonstrated that seven factors are associated with liver metastasis. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age (P = 0.005), tumour size (P < 0.001), tumour invasion depth (P = 0.001), tumour cell differentiation (P = 0.029) and type of tumour (P < 0.001) are independent risk factors of liver metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The liver metastatic potential of colorectal cancer may be different between younger and older female patients. Age may independently influence liver metastasis in female colorectal cancer patients.
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Lin J, Zee RYL, Liu KY, Zhang SM, Lee IM, Manson JE, Giovannucci E, Buring JE, Cook NR. Genetic variation in sex-steroid receptors and synthesizing enzymes and colorectal cancer risk in women. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:897-908. [PMID: 20148360 PMCID: PMC2873149 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several lines of evidence have suggested that female hormones may lower the risk for developing colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms by which sex hormones affect colorectal cancer development remain unknown. We sought to determine whether the association may be under genetic control by evaluating genetic variation in estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2), progesterone receptor (PGR), aromatase cytochrome 450 enzyme (CYP19A1), and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene (HSD17B2). METHODS We included 158 incident cases of colorectal cancer and 563 randomly chosen control subjects from 28,345 women in the Women's Health Study aged 45 or older who provided blood samples and had no history of cancer or cardiovascular disease at baseline in 1993. All cases and controls were Caucasians of European descent. A total of 63 tagging and putative functional SNPs in the 5 genes were included for analysis. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS There was no association between variation in ESR1, ESR2, PGR, CYP19A1 and HSD17B2 and colorectal cancer risk after correction for multiple comparisons (p values after correction > or =0.25). There was also no association with any of the haplotypes examined (p > or = 0.15) and no evidence of joint effects of variants in the 5 genes (p > or = 0.51). CONCLUSION Our data offer insufficient support for an association between variation in ESR1, ESR2, PGR, CYP19A1, and HSD17B2 and risk for developing colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lin
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kadiyska T, Yakulov T, Kaneva R, Nedin D, Alexandrova A, Gegova A, Savov A, Mitev V, Kremensky I. Vitamin D and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer in Bulgaria. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22:395-400. [PMID: 16788818 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-006-0163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Different epidemiological studies report the protective effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) exerted by vitamin D(3) intake, estrogen replacement therapy, and increase of the risk of microsatellite instability (MSI) in CRC by withdrawal of estrogens. The aim of our study was to search for association between CRC and polymorphisms in estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms from the ER-alpha gene and the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene in 140 patients with CRC (subsequently divided according to their MSI status) and 94 controls. RESULTS We have demonstrated that the presence of the PvuII pp genotype increased the risk of developing MSI(+) tumors about three times compared to MSI(-) tumors [odds ratio (OR)=3.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-10.91]. The effect of the XbaI xx genotype was similar (OR=2.08, 95% CI 0.49-8.81). Our results for the VDR BsmI polymorphism showed an increased risk for CRC in bb carriers (OR=1.8, 95% CI 0.81-4.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in the ER-alpha gene were associated with the risk of developing MSI in CRC patients. The BsmI polymorphism in the VDR gene was linked to the risk of developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Kadiyska
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maichin Dom, 2 Zdrave street, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.
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Nash JW, Morrison C, Frankel WL. The utility of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor immunohistochemistry in the distinction of metastatic breast carcinoma from other tumors in the liver. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003; 127:1591-5. [PMID: 14632573 DOI: 10.5858/2003-127-1591-tuoera] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The distinction of metastatic breast adenocarcinoma (MBA) to the liver from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CC), and metastatic adenocarcinoma from other sites may require the use of immunohistochemistry. The use of antibodies directed against estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) has been suggested to help make this distinction. OBJECTIVE To examine the utility of ER and PR immunohistochemistry in the distinction of MBA from HCC, CC, and other metastatic adenocarcinomas in the liver. METHODS Ninety-two previously characterized hepatic neoplasms were identified, including HCC (n = 14), CC (n = 16), and metastatic tumors from breast (n = 17), colorectal (n = 14), pancreatic (n = 15), and esophageal/gastric (n = 16) origins. For all cases of metastatic tumor, the primary tumor was reviewed to verify the diagnosis. All tumors were graded as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Estrogen receptor and PR immunohistochemical staining was performed on all cases and evaluated by 2 pathologists. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for ER was identified only in MBA, with 6 (35%) of 17 cases positive. Positive immunoreactivity for PR was not restricted to MBA, but was seen in HCC, CC, esophageal/gastric, and pancreatic metastases. Positive immunostaining with PR was nearly as frequent in poorly differentiated carcinomas of nonbreast origin (3/16 cases, 19%) as in poorly differentiated breast carcinomas (2/8 cases, 25%). CONCLUSION Progesterone receptor exhibited poor specificity and sensitivity for the distinction of MBA from HCC, CC, and other metastatic adenocarcinomas. Estrogen receptor exhibited poor sensitivity for MBA, although the specificity was good. The finding that PR positivity was present with a similar frequency in poorly differentiated tumors of breast and nonbreast origin limits the usefulness of this marker. Therefore, ER and PR staining have limited utility in the distinction of MBA from HCC, CC, and other metastatic adenocarcinomas in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Nash
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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Lazaris AC, Perdiki M, Davaris P. Significance of the immunohistochemical assessment of sex steroid hormone receptors in colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2001; 78:220-1. [PMID: 11745812 DOI: 10.1002/jso.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Speer G, Cseh K, Winkler G, Takács I, Barna I, Nagy Z, Lakatos P. Oestrogen and vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes and the expression of ErbB-2 and EGF receptor in human rectal cancers. Eur J Cancer 2001; 37:1463-8. [PMID: 11506951 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogen/oestrogen receptor (ER) and vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) systems have been implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancers. The expression of erbB-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal cancers has been suggested to have diagnostic and prognostic significance. In our study, XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms of the ER gene and the BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene were studied in 56 Caucasian patients with rectal cancer. The relationship between the ER and VDR genotypes and the expression of oncogenes was also investigated. The presence of the x allele of ER gene significantly correlated with the overexpression of the erbB-2 and EGFR oncogenes. Significantly increased erbB-2 expression was observed in patients with the VDR B allele. The XXbb allelic combination of the ER/VDR genes was associated with a significantly lower erbB-2 expression, whereas in the other genotypes significantly higher oncogene expression was seen. Our data raise the possibility that ER/VDR gene polymorphisms accompanied by variable oncogene expression might influence the pathogenetic processes of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Speer
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, Korányi 2/a, Budapest H-1083, Hungary
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