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Charalampopoulou A, Barcellini A, Frittitta GE, Fulgini G, Ivaldi GB, Magro G, Liotta M, Orlandi E, Pullia MG, Tabarelli de Fatis P, Facoetti A. In Vitro Effects of Photon Beam and Carbon Ion Radiotherapy on the Perineural Invasion of Two Cell Lines of Neurotropic Tumours. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:794. [PMID: 36983949 PMCID: PMC10056732 DOI: 10.3390/life13030794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary mucosal melanoma (PMM) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are two aggressive malignancies, characterized by intrinsic radio-chemoresistance and neurotropism, a histological feature resulting in frequent perineural invasion (PNI), supported by neurotrophic factors secreted in the tumour microenvironment (TME), such as neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) could represent an effective option in unresectable PMM and PDAC. Only a few data about the effects of CIRT on PNI in relation to NT-3 are available in the literature, despite the numerous pieces of evidence revealing the peculiar effects of this type of radiation on tumour cell migration. This in vitro study investigated for the first time the response of PMM and PDAC cells to NT-3 and evaluated the effects of conventional photon beam radiotherapy (XRT) and CIRT on cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Our results demonstrated the greater capacity of C-ions to generally decrease cell viability, proliferation, and migration, while the addition of NT-3 after both types of irradiation determined an increase in these features, maintaining a dose-dependent trend and acting more effectively as a chemoattractant than inductor in the case of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Charalampopoulou
- Radiobiology Unit, Research and Development Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Hadron Academy PhD Course, Istituto Universitario di STUDI Superiori (IUSS), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Barcellini
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Emanuele Frittitta
- Radiobiology Unit, Research and Development Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Fulgini
- Radiobiology Unit, Research and Development Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Magro
- Medical Physics Unit, Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Liotta
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ester Orlandi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Giuseppe Pullia
- Physics Unit, Research and Development Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Angelica Facoetti
- Radiobiology Unit, Research and Development Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Xu X, Lu X, Chen L, Peng K, Ji F. Downregulation of MMP1 functions in preventing perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer through blocking the NT-3/TrkC signaling pathway. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24719. [PMID: 36181286 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a fatal malignancy that frequently involves perineural invasion (PNI). This study aims to investigate the function and underlying mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) in PNI of PC. METHODS Human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells were co-cultured with dorsal root ganglion in vitro. The expression of MMP1, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, Schwann cell markers, neurotrophic factors, NT-3, and TrkC was measured by qRT-PCR or Western blot. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. In vivo model of PNI was established via inoculating PANC-1 cells into mice. PANC-1 cells and mice were also treated with LM22B-10 (an activator of TrkC) to confirm the mechanisms involving NT-3/TrkC in PNI of PC both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The expression of MMP1 was significantly higher in PDAC tissues than non-cancerous tissues, which was positively associated with PNI. MMP1 knockdown repressed the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells. Except for E-cadherin, the expression of EMT markers, Schwann cell markers, neurotrophic factors, NT-3, and TrkC was inhibited by MMP1 silencing. The same effects of MMP1 knockdown on the above factors were also observed in the PNI model. Moreover, MMP1 knockdown elevated the sciatic nerve function and reduced PNI in the model mice. LM22B-10 partially abolished the effects of MMP1 knockdown both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Silencing of MMP1 prevents PC cells from EMT and Schwann-like cell differentiation via inhibiting the activation of the NT-3/TrkC signaling pathway, thus alleviating the PNI of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pain Medicine, The Haian Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Haian Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Liu R, Li R, Yu H, Liu J, Zheng S, Li Y, Ye L. NTF3 Correlates With Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:795849. [PMID: 34938753 PMCID: PMC8685419 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.795849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The potential role of Neurotrophic factor-3(NTF3) in liver cancer is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore the clinical value of NTF3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We used a variety of databases to analyze the expression, relationship with prognosis and immune significance of NTF3 in liver cancer through bioinformatics. Results: NTF3 was low expressed in HCC and was an independent prognostic factor in patients with HCC. CIBERSORT analysis indicated that NTF3 expression was positively correlated with CD4+ cells, mast cells, NK cells, macrophages and B cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we found that NTF3 expression was negatively correlated with the immune checkpoints PD-L1, TIGIT and TIM-3. Functional network analysis revealed that NTF3 regulates HCC progression through a variety of cancer-related kinases, transcription factors and signaling pathways. Conclusions: We demonstrate that NTF3 correlates with prognosis and immune infiltration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqiang Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongqi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical, Foshan, China
| | - Haoyuan Yu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Surgical and Transplant Intensive Care Unit of The Third Affiliated Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyang Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linsen Ye
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li H, Yang Z, Wang W, Wang J, Zhang J, Liu J, Yang T, Yang Y, Wei J, Lei D, Yang X. NT-3/TrkC Axis Contributes to the Perineural Invasion and the Poor Prognosis in Human Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:6065-6073. [PMID: 31762816 PMCID: PMC6856580 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and its specific receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) in the perineural invasion (PNI) process of the salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). The co-cultured system between SACC cells and Schwann cells (SCs) was employed to detect the expression of NT-3 and TrkC. The results of ELISA, qRT-PCR and western blot showed that NT-3 was noticeably elevated in the co-cultured SACC-83 cells, while TrkC was increased in the co-cultured SCs. The results of scratch wound healing, migration, and 3D co-culture assays showed that the directional migration abilities of the co-cultured SACC-83 cells and SCs were significantly increased. Under the stimulation of NT-3, the directional motor ability of SACC-83 cells and SCs was significantly improved, and the apoptosis of SACC-83 cells and SCs were obviously inhibited. In addition, blocking TrkC by its specific inhibitor AZD7451 could significantly inhibit these effects. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the positive expression of NT-3 (88.5%) and TrkC (92.3%) was significantly correlated with the PNI in SACC specimens (P < 0.05). Additionally, the high expression of NT-3 was significantly associated with the poor prognosis of SACC patients (P < 0.05). The present study indicated that NT-3/TrkC axis contributed to the PNI progression and the poor prognosis of SACC via regulating the interaction between SACC cells and SCs. Interruption of the interaction between SACC cells and SCs by blocking the NT-3/TrkC axis might be an effective strategy for anti-PNI therapy in SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Junye Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yaowu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Delin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Saloman JL, Singhi AD, Hartman DJ, Normolle DP, Albers KM, Davis BM. Systemic Depletion of Nerve Growth Factor Inhibits Disease Progression in a Genetically Engineered Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2018; 47:856-863. [PMID: 29975347 PMCID: PMC6044729 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), increased expression of proinflammatory neurotrophic growth factors (eg, nerve growth factor [NGF]) correlates with a poorer prognosis, perineural invasion, and, with regard to NGF, pain severity. We hypothesized that NGF sequestration would reduce inflammation and disease in the KPC mouse model of PDAC. METHODS Following biweekly injections of NGF antibody or control immunoglobulin G, beginning at 4 or 8 weeks of age, inflammation and disease stage were assessed using histological, protein expression, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. RESULTS In the 8-week anti-NGF group, indicators of neurogenic inflammation in the dorsal root ganglia (substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) and spinal cord (glial fibrillary acidic protein) were significantly reduced. In the 4-week anti-NGF group, TRPA1 mRNA in dorsal root ganglia and spinal phosphorylated ERK protein were elevated, but glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was unaffected. In the 8-week anti-NGF group, there was a 40% reduction in the proportion of mice with microscopic perineural invasion, and no macrometastases were observed. CONCLUSIONS Anti-NGF treatment beginning at 4 weeks may increase inflammation and negatively impact disease. Treatment starting at 8 weeks (after disease onset), however, reduces neural inflammation, neural invasion, and metastasis. These data indicate that NGF impacts PDAC progression and metastasis in a temporally dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami L. Saloman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Aatur D. Singhi
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Douglas J. Hartman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Daniel P. Normolle
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kathryn M. Albers
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brian M. Davis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
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Nittoli V, Sepe RM, Coppola U, D'Agostino Y, De Felice E, Palladino A, Vassalli QA, Locascio A, Ristoratore F, Spagnuolo A, D'Aniello S, Sordino P. A comprehensive analysis of neurotrophins and neurotrophin tyrosine kinase receptors expression during development of zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:1057-1072. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Nittoli
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Rosa M. Sepe
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Ugo Coppola
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Ylenia D'Agostino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Elena De Felice
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Antonio Palladino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Quirino A. Vassalli
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Filomena Ristoratore
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
| | - Paolo Sordino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale; Naples 80121 Italy
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Magnon C. Role of the autonomic nervous system in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e975643. [PMID: 27308436 PMCID: PMC4904882 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.975643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Convergence of multiple stromal cell types is required to develop a tumorigenic niche that nurtures the initial development of cancer and its dissemination. Although the immune and vascular systems have been shown to have strong influences on cancer, a growing body of evidence points to a role of the nervous system in promoting cancer development. This review discusses past and current research that shows the intriguing role of autonomic nerves, aided by neurotrophic growth factors and axon cues, in creating a favorable environment for the promotion of tumor formation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Magnon
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Biology (iRCM, UMR967); Atomic Energy Commission (CEA, Life Science Division) ; Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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Dependence receptor TrkC is a putative colon cancer tumor suppressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3017-22. [PMID: 23341610 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1212333110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The TrkC neurotrophin receptor belongs to the functional dependence receptor family, members of which share the ability to induce apoptosis in the absence of their ligands. Such a trait has been hypothesized to confer tumor-suppressor activity. Indeed, cells that express these receptors are thought to be dependent on ligand availability for their survival, a mechanism that inhibits uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation and migration. TrkC is a classic tyrosine kinase receptor and therefore generally considered to be a proto-oncogene. We show here that TrkC expression is down-regulated in a large fraction of human colorectal cancers, mainly through promoter methylation. Moreover, we show that TrkC silencing by promoter methylation is a selective advantage for colorectal cell lines to limit tumor cell death. Furthermore, reestablished TrkC expression in colorectal cancer cell lines is associated with tumor cell death and inhibition of in vitro characteristics of cell transformation, as well as in vivo tumor growth. Finally, we provide evidence that a mutation of TrkC detected in a sporadic cancer is a loss-of-proapoptotic function mutation. Together, these data support the conclusion that TrkC is a colorectal cancer tumor suppressor.
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Mancino M, Ametller E, Gascón P, Almendro V. The neuronal influence on tumor progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1816:105-18. [PMID: 21616127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nerve fibers accompany blood and lymphatic vessels all over the body. An extensive amount of knowledge has been obtained with regard to tumor angiogenesis and tumor lymphangiogenesis, yet little is known about the potential biological effects of "neoneurogenesis". Cancer cells can exploit the advantage of the factors released by the nerve fibers to generate a positive microenvironment for cell survival and proliferation. At the same time, they can stimulate the formation of neurites by secreting neurotrophic factors and axon guidance molecules. The neuronal influence on the biology of a neoplasm was initially described several decades ago. Since then, an increasing amount of experimental evidence strongly suggests the existence of reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and nerves in humans. Moreover, researchers have been able to demonstrate a crosstalk between cancer cells and nerve fibers as a strategy for survival. Despite all these evidence, a lot remains to be done in order to clarify the role of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and their associated receptor-initiated signaling pathways in the development and progression of cancer, and response to therapy. A global-wide characterization of the neurotransmitters or neuropeptides present in the tumor microenvironment would provide insights into the real biological influences of the neuronal tissue on tumor progression. This review is intended to discuss our current understanding of neurosignaling in cancer and its potential implications on cancer prevention and therapy. The review will focus on the soluble factors released by cancer cells and nerve endings, their biological effects and their potential relevance in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mancino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Esther Koplowitz CEK, Institut d' investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang L, Hu Y, Sun CY, Li J, Guo T, Huang J, Chu ZB. Lentiviral shRNA silencing of BDNF inhibits in vivo multiple myeloma growth and angiogenesis via down-regulated stroma-derived VEGF expression in the bone marrow milieu. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1117-24. [PMID: 20331634 PMCID: PMC11158522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) neovascularization and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in multiple myeloma (MM) correlate with disease progression. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is highly expressed by malignant plasma cells isolated from the majority of MM patients. Recently, BDNF was identified as a potential proangiogenic factor for the promotion of endothelial cell survival, induction of neoangiogenesis in ischemic tissues, and increase of VEGF expression in neuroblastoma. Since tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), the receptor of BDNF, is expressed by stromal cells within the BM milieu, here we sought to evaluate the involvement of BDNF/TrkB in myeloma-marrow stroma interaction and its effects on BM angiogenesis. TrkB was abundantly expressed by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from healthy donors. Stimulation of BMSCs with BDNF induced a time- and dose- dependent increase in VEGF secretion, which was completely abolished by K252alpha, an inhibitor of TrkB. BDNF triggered activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), whereas STAT3 was involved in mediating VEGF expression. We further delineated the biological significance of BDNF in MM by using lentiviral short-interfering RNA (shRNA). When myeloma cells were cocultured with BMSCs in a noncontact Transwell system, VEGF levels in supernatants were significantly decreased when BDNF expression was knocked down. Furthermore, silencing of BDNF expression significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth and angiogenesis, and prolonged survival in mouse model. Our studies demonstrate that BDNF, as a potential stimulator of angiogenesis, contributes to MM tumorgenesis; it mediates stromal-MM cell interactions via selective activation of specific receptor TrkB and downstream signal transducer STAT3, regulating VEGF secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Bouzas-Rodriguez J, Cabrera JR, Delloye-Bourgeois C, Ichim G, Delcros JG, Raquin MA, Rousseau R, Combaret V, Bénard J, Tauszig-Delamasure S, Mehlen P. Neurotrophin-3 production promotes human neuroblastoma cell survival by inhibiting TrkC-induced apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:850-8. [PMID: 20160348 DOI: 10.1172/jci41013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin-related kinase receptor C (TrkC) is a neurotrophin receptor with tyrosine kinase activity that was expected to be oncogenic. However, it has several characteristics of a tumor suppressor: its expression in tumors has often been associated with good prognosis; and it was recently demonstrated to be a dependence receptor, transducing different positive signals in the presence of ligand but inducing apoptosis in the absence of ligand. Here we show that the TrkC ligand neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is upregulated in a large fraction of aggressive human neuroblastomas (NBs) and that it blocks TrkC-induced apoptosis of human NB cell lines, consistent with the idea that TrkC is a dependence receptor. Functionally, both siRNA knockdown of NT-3 expression and incubation with a TrkC-specific blocking antibody triggered apoptosis in human NB cell lines. Importantly, disruption of the NT-3 autocrine loop in malignant human neuroblasts triggered in vitro NB cell death and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in both a chick and a mouse xenograft model. Thus, we believe that our data suggest that NT-3/TrkC disruption is a putative alternative targeted therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Bouzas-Rodriguez
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory-Equipe labellisée "La Ligue," CNRS UMR, Université de Lyon, France
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12
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Lucini C, Maruccio L, Facello B, Cocchia N, Tortora G, Castaldo L. Cellular localization of GDNF and its GFRalpha1/RET receptor complex in the developing pancreas of cat. J Anat 2009; 213:565-72. [PMID: 19014364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) acts through RET receptor tyrosine kinase and its co-receptor GFRalpha1. In an effort to better understand the possible biological contribution of the GDNF and GFRalpha1/RET complex in pancreatic development, in this study we report the cellular localization of these proteins in the pancreas of domestic cat embryos and fetuses by immunocytochemical methods. In early embryos, GDNF, GFRalpha and RET immunoreactivity (IR) was localized in closely intermingled cells. GDNF and RET immunoreactive cells displayed chromogranin (an endocrine marker) and PGP 9.5 (a neuronal marker) IR, respectively. GFRalpha IR was present in both a few GDNF/chromogranin and RET/PGP 9.5 immunoreactive cells. In elderly fetuses, GDNF and GFRalpha IR were co-localized in glucagon cells and RET IR was detected in few neurons and never co-localized with GFRalpha or GDNF IR. In early embryos, the presence of GDNF IR in chromogranin immunoreactive cells and GFRalpha1/RET complex IR in PGP9.5 immunoreactive cells seems to suggest a paracrine action of GDNF contained in endocrine cell precursors on neuronal cell precursors expressing its receptor complex. The presence in different cell populations of RET and its co-receptor GFRalpha1 IR could be due to independent signaling of GRFalpha1. Thus, the co-presence of GDNF and GFRalpha1 in chromogranin and glucagon cells could lead to the hypothesis that GDNF can act in an autocrinal manner. In fetuses, RET IR was detected only in intrapancreatic ganglia. Because of the lack of GFRalpha1 IR in pancreatic innervation, RET receptor could be activated by other GFR alphas and ligands of GDNF family. In conclusion, these findings suggest that in differently aged embryos and fetuses the GDNF signal is differently mediated by RET and GFRalpha1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lucini
- Department of Biological Structures, Functions and Technology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.
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13
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Sevcik MA, Jonas BM, Lindsay TH, Halvorson KG, Ghilardi JR, Kuskowski MA, Mukherjee P, Maggio JE, Mantyh PW. Endogenous opioids inhibit early-stage pancreatic pain in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology 2006; 131:900-10. [PMID: 16952558 PMCID: PMC2100397 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The endogenous opioid system is involved in modulating the experience of pain, the response to stress, and the action of analgesic therapies. Recent human imaging studies have shown a significant tonic modulation of visceral pain, raising the question of whether endogenous opioids tonically modulate the pain of visceral cancer. METHODS Transgenic mice expressing the first 127 amino acids of simian virus 40 large T antigen, under the control of the rat elastase-1 promoter, that spontaneously develop pancreatic cancer were used to investigate the role of endogenous opioids in the modulation of pancreatic cancer pain. Visceral pain behaviors were assessed as degree of hunching and vocalization. RESULTS Although mice with late-stage pancreatic cancer displayed spontaneous, morphine-reversible, visceral pain-related behaviors such as hunching and vocalization, these behaviors were absent in mice with early-stage pancreatic cancer. After systemic administration of the central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant opioid receptor antagonists naloxone or naltrexone, mice with early-stage pancreatic cancer displayed significant visceral pain-related behaviors, whereas systemic administration of the CNS-nonpenetrant opioid antagonist naloxone-methiodide did not induce an increase in visceral pain behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a CNS opioid-dependent mechanism tonically modulates early and late-stage pancreatic cancer pain. Understanding the mechanisms that mask this pain in early stage disease and drive this pain in late-stage disease may allow improved diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Sevcik
- Neurosystems Center and Departments of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Beth M. Jonas
- Neurosystems Center and Departments of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Theodore H. Lindsay
- Neurosystems Center and Departments of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kyle G. Halvorson
- Neurosystems Center and Departments of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Joseph R. Ghilardi
- Neurosystems Center and Departments of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417
| | - Michael A. Kuskowski
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417
| | - Pinku Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - John E. Maggio
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Patrick W. Mantyh
- Neurosystems Center and Departments of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417
- Correspondence to Patrick W. Mantyh: Neurosystems Center, 18-208 Moos Tower, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Phone: (612) 626-0180, Fax: (612) 626-2565,
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Amselgruber WM, Büttner M, Schlegel T, Schweiger M, Pfaff E. The normal cellular prion protein (PrPc) is strongly expressed in bovine endocrine pancreas. Histochem Cell Biol 2005; 125:441-8. [PMID: 16208484 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-005-0089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) has been shown to be crucial for the development of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and for the accumulation of the disease-associated conformer (PrP(sc)) in the brain and other tissues. One of the emerging hypotheses is that the conversion phenomenon could take place at the site where the infectious agent meets PrP(c). In this work we have studied whether PrP(c), a protein found predominantly in neurons, could also exist in pancreatic endocrine cells since neuroectoderm-derived cells and pancreatic islet cells share a large number of similarities. For this purpose we have examined the expression of PrP(c) in a series of fetal and postnatal bovine pancreatic tissue by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Using immunostained serial sections and specific antibodies against bovine PrP(c), insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, chromogranin A and chromogranin B we found that PrP(c) is highly expressed in all endocrine cells of fetal and adult pancreatic islets with a particular strong expression in A-cells. Moreover it became evident that the PrP(c) gene-neighbour chromogranin B as well as chromogranin A are coexpressed together with PrP(c). The selective expression of PrP(c) in the bovine endocrine pancreas is of particular importance regarding possible iatrogenic transmission routes and demonstrates also that bovine pancreatic islet cells could represent an interesting model to study the control of PrP-gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Amselgruber
- Institute of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Fruhwirthstr. 35, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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15
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Pearse RN, Swendeman SL, Li Y, Rafii D, Hempstead BL. A neurotrophin axis in myeloma: TrkB and BDNF promote tumor-cell survival. Blood 2005; 105:4429-36. [PMID: 15657181 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-08-3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell neoplasm that is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells and is frequently associated with chromosomal translocations placing an oncogene under the control of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer. Despite these pathogenic translocations, MM cells remain dependent on external cues for survival. We present evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors, and its high-affinity receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), contribute to these survival cues. MM cells express TrkB, and respond to BDNF by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-a PI3K target (PI3K/Akt) signaling cascades. Addition of BDNF protects human MM cell lines (HMCLs) from apoptosis induced by dexamethasone or bortezomib and prolongs the survival of primary MM cells cultured alone or with human bone marrow (BM) stroma. As BDNF and TrkB are expressed by osteoblasts, stromal cells, and endothelial cells within the BM microenvironment, a BDNF-TrkB axis may be critical to the interactions of MM with bone and stroma that contribute to MM tumor progression. Finally, BDNF is expressed by malignant plasma cells isolated from a subset of patients with MM, as well as by most HMCLs, suggesting a potential role for this neurotrophin axis in autocrine as well as paracrine support of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger N Pearse
- Division of Hematology, Cornell University Medical College, Rm C-606, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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16
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Abstract
AIM: To investigate the distribution of neuropeptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers in esophageal and cardiac carcinoma as well as their relationship with tumor cells so as to explore if there is nerve innervation in esophageal and cardiac carcinoma.
METHODS: Esophageal and cardiac carcinoma specimens were collected from surgical operation. One part of them were fixed immediately with 4% paraformaldehyde and then cut with a cryostat into 40-µm-thick sections to perform immunohistochemical analysis. Antibodies of ten kinds of neuropeptide including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin (GAL), substance P (SP), etc. were used for immunostaining of nerve fibers. The other part of the tumor specimens were cut into little blocks (1 mm3) and co-cultured with chick embryo dorsal root ganglia (DRG) to investigate if the tumor blocks could induce the neurons of DRG to extend processes, so as to probe into the possible reasons for the nerve fibers growing into tumors.
RESULTS: Substantial amounts of neuropeptide including GAL-, NPY-, SP-immunoreactive nerve bundles and scattered nerve fibers were distributed in esophageal and cardiac carcinomas. The scattered nerve fibers waved their way among tumor cells and contacted with tumor cells closely. Some of them even encircled tumor cells. There were many varicosities aligned on the nerve fibers like beads. They were also closely related to tumor cells. In the co-culture group, about 63% and 67% of DRG co-cultured with esophageal and cardiac tumor blocks respectively extended enormous processes, especially on the side adjacent to the tumor, whereas in the control group (without tumor blocks), no processes grew out.
CONCLUSION: Esophageal and cardiac carcinomas may be innervated by peptidergic nerve fibers, and they can induce neurons of DRG to extend processes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Hong Lü
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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Hisaoka M, Sheng WQ, Tanaka A, Hashimoto H. Gene expression of TrkC (NTRK3) in human soft tissue tumours. J Pathol 2002; 197:661-7. [PMID: 12210087 DOI: 10.1002/path.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TrkC is a member of the Trk family of tyrosine kinase receptors and plays an important role in the development and maintenance of neural tissues. Although a variety of non-neuronal tissues have also been shown to express TrkC, the status of TrkC in soft tissue tumours has been poorly investigated, except for a small fraction of tumours including congenital/infantile fibrosarcoma characterized by an ETV6-NTRK3 (also known as Tel-TrkC) fusion gene. To broaden knowledge about the TrkC status in human neoplasms, the expression of TrkC transcripts was assessed in 51 soft tissue tumours of variable lines of differentiation by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using primer sets flanking their extracellular domain, the tyrosine kinase domain, and the intracellular domain of a truncated variant (Trunc 1) described previously. In 44 of the 51 tumours, TrkC transcripts, including alternatively spliced isoforms, were detected. The truncated transcripts (Trunc 1) were co-expressed in 40 of the 44 tumours and were expressed in one tumour without native TrkC gene expression. In two of the remaining six tumours, part of the sequence coding the tyrosine kinase domain of TrkC appeared to be truncated. Using a 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3'RACE) method, another truncated isoform (Trunc 2) was isolated from one of the tumours, in which the TrkC transcript was terminated with a novel 160-base pair sequence. This truncated isoform was identified in nine of the 51 tumours examined by RT-PCR using primers for Trunc 2. There was no clear correlation between the types of TrkC isoforms detected and histological types or grades of the tumours. These results suggest that human soft tissue tumours widely express TrkC, irrespective of their cellular lineage, morphology, and biological behaviour. Dysregulated TrkC expression may enhance overgrowth or transformation of various mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Hisaoka
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health (UOEH), Kitakyushu, Japan
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Toma H, Winston JH, Micci MA, Li H, Hellmich HL, Pasricha PJ. Characterization of the neurotrophic response to acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2002; 25:31-8. [PMID: 12131768 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200207000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interesting preliminary data on changes in the neurotrophin system in various digestive diseases have recently begun to emerge. AIMS To measure changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of neurotrophins and to identify cell types expressing neurotrophins in the pancreas of rats with L-arginine-induced pancreatitis. METHODOLOGY Rats were killed at time points from 2 hours to 4 weeks after the induction of pancreatitis, and responses were measured by assay. RESULTS By RNase protection assay, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) mRNA expression showed a rapid response (sixfold increase over control) in the inflamed pancreas at 2 hours. The levels of mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) in the inflamed pancreas reached a peak at 1 week (2.5-fold, twofold, fourfold, and fivefold increase, respectively). By immunohistochemistry, immunoreactivity for all neurotrophins examined was observed in the islets of Langerhans in the control pancreas at all time points, but it was markedly reduced in the islets in the inflamed pancreas at 2 and 6 hours. Acinar and ductal cells, inflammatory cells, and neural elements were immunoreactive for those neurotrophins in the inflamed pancreas from 2 hours to 2 weeks. CONCLUSION The temporal and spatial expression of neurotrophins in the course of experimental pancreatitis suggests that their upregulation is a critical component of the response of the pancreas to injury in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Toma
- Enteric Neuromuscular Disorders and Pain Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
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Tajima H, Ohta T, Elnemr A, Yasui T, Kitagawa H, Fushida S, Kayahara M, Miwa K, Wakayama T, Iseki S, Yokoyama S. Enhanced invasiveness of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells stably transfected with cationic trypsinogen cDNA. Int J Cancer 2001; 94:699-704. [PMID: 11745465 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have described increased expression of cationic trypsinogen in malignant tumor cells. To explore the role of secreted cationic trypsinogen in invasion by cancer cells, we introduced cationic trypsinogen cDNA into Panc-1, a pancreatic adenocarcinoma-derived cell line that lacks expression of endogeneous trypsinogen. Four independent clones (designated Panc-1-Try-7, -9, -11 and -24) stably expressing cationic trypsinogen mRNA were isolated and processed for further study. In a zymographic analysis, gelatinolytic activity for cationic trypsinogen was detectable in serum-free conditioned media obtained from all 4 transfectants but not in media from mock-transfected or parental Panc-1 cells. A Matrigel invasion assay revealed that all trypsinogen-expressing transfectants acquired significantly greater invasive ability than that shown by mock-transfected and parental Panc-1 cells. In addition, enhanced invasiveness of the transfectants was suppressed by FUT-175, a serine protease inhibitor, to the level seen in parental cells. These results provide direct evidence that cationic trypsinogen can increase the invasive ability of carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tajima
- Department of Surgery (II), Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Miknyoczki SJ, Lang D, Huang L, Klein-Szanto AJ, Dionne CA, Ruggeri BA. Neurotrophins and Trk receptors in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: expression patterns and effects on in vitro invasive behavior. Int J Cancer 1999; 81:417-27. [PMID: 10209957 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990505)81:3<417::aid-ijc16>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aggressive and highly metastatic behavior observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may be due to autocrine and/or paracrine interactions (tumor/stromal) involving altered expression of peptide growth factors and their corresponding receptors. The neurotrophin (NT) growth factor family and their cognate receptors have been demonstrated to play a role in the invasiveness, chemotactic behavior and tumor cell survival of both neuronal and non-neuronal cancers. We hypothesized that aberrant expression of the NTs and/or the Trk receptors may contribute to the malignant phenotype of PDAC, specifically tumor cell invasiveness, through autocrine and/or paracrine interactions. In this study, we examined the expression of NTs, Trks and p75NGFR by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses in both normal (n=14) and neoplastic pancreas (n=47) and PDAC-derived cell lines (n=6). Further, we evaluated the effects of various NTs on the in vitro invasive and chemotactic behavior on 6 human PDAC-derived cell lines in a modified Boyden chamber assay. Brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF), NT-3, NT-4/5 and Trks A, B and C exhibited diffuse cytoplasmic and membranous immunostaining patterns in both the ducts and the acini of the exocrine pancreas and the islets of the endocrine pancreas of both normal and PDAC specimens. NT expression was primarily within the stromal compartment of the tumor, while Trk expression was weak or absent. We observed a 68%, 64% and 66% increase in the expression of Trks A, B and C, respectively, in the ductal elements of the PDAC samples examined compared with the normal adjacent tissue. Invasiveness of 4 of 6 PDAC cell lines was significantly inhibited (p<0.05) when the cells were incubated with 100 ng/ml NT. However, when select cell lines were incubated with lower concentrations of NT-3 and BDNF (0, 1, 5, 25 and 50 ng/ml), invasiveness was significantly stimulated (p<0.05) through the Matrigel matrix. Collectively, our data suggest the possibility that paracrine and/or autocrine NT-Trk interactions may influence the phenotype (possibly the invasive behavior) of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Miknyoczki
- Department of Pathology, MCP-Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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OKRAGLY ANGELAJ, NILES ANDREWL, SABAN RICARDO, SCHMIDT DIANNE, HOFFMAN RANDALLL, WARNER THOMASF, MOON TIMOTHYD, UEHLING DAVIDT, HAAK-FRENDSCHO MARY. ELEVATED TRYPTASE, NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, NEUROTROPHIN-3 AND GLIAL CELL LINE-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR LEVELS IN THE URINE OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS AND BLADDER CANCER PATIENTS. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)61915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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ELEVATED TRYPTASE, NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, NEUROTROPHIN-3 AND GLIAL CELL LINE-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR LEVELS IN THE URINE OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS AND BLADDER CANCER PATIENTS. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199902000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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