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Giannubilo SR, Cecati M, Marzioni D, Ciavattini A. Circulating miRNAs and Preeclampsia: From Implantation to Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1418. [PMID: 38338700 PMCID: PMC10855731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we comprehensively present the literature on circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific disease considered the primary reason for maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. miRNAs are single-stranded non-coding RNAs, 20-24 nt long, which control mRNA expression. Changes in miRNA expression can induce a variation in the relative mRNA level and influence cellular homeostasis, and the strong presence of miRNAs in all body fluids has made them useful biomarkers of several diseases. Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease, but the etiopathogenesis remains unclear. The functions of trophoblasts, including differentiation, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, are essential for a successful pregnancy. During the early stages of placental development, trophoblasts are strictly regulated by several molecular pathways; however, an imbalance in these molecular pathways can lead to severe placental lesions and pregnancy complications. We then discuss the role of miRNAs in trophoblast invasion and in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prediction of preeclampsia. We also discuss the potential role of miRNAs from an epigenetic perspective with possible future therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monia Cecati
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (S.R.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (S.R.G.); (A.C.)
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2
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Juusela A, Jung E, Gallo DM, Bosco M, Suksai M, Diaz-Primera R, Tarca AL, Than NG, Gotsch F, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T. Maternal plasma syndecan-1: a biomarker for fetal growth restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2150074. [PMID: 36597808 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2150074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The identification of fetal growth disorders is an important clinical priority given that they increase the risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality as well as long-term diseases. A subset of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants are growth-restricted, and this condition is often attributed to placental insufficiency. Syndecan-1, a product of the degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx, has been proposed as a biomarker of endothelial damage in different pathologies. During pregnancy, a "specialized" form of the glycocalyx-the "syncytiotrophoblast glycocalyx"-covers the placental villi. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the concentration of maternal plasma syndecan-1 can be proposed as a biomarker for fetal growth restriction. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was designed to include women with normal pregnancy (n = 130) and pregnant women who delivered an SGA neonate (n = 50). Doppler velocimetry of the uterine and umbilical arteries was performed in women with an SGA fetus at the time of diagnosis. Venipuncture was performed within 48 h of Doppler velocimetry and plasma concentrations of syndecan-1 were determined by a specific and sensitive immunoassay. RESULTS (1) Plasma syndecan-1 concentration followed a nonlinear increase with gestational age in uncomplicated pregnancies (R2 = 0.27, p < .001); (2) women with a pregnancy complicated with an SGA fetus had a significantly lower mean plasma concentration of syndecan-1 than those with an appropriate-for-gestational-age fetus (p = .0001); (3) this difference can be attributed to fetal growth restriction, as the mean plasma syndecan-1 concentration was significantly lower only in the group of women with an SGA fetus who had abnormal umbilical and uterine artery Doppler velocimetry compared to controls (p = .00071; adjusted p = .0028). A trend toward lower syndecan-1 concentrations was also noted for SGA with abnormal uterine but normal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry (p = .0505; adjusted p = .067); 4) among women with an SGA fetus, those with abnormal umbilical and uterine artery Doppler findings had a lower mean plasma syndecan-1 concentration than women with normal Doppler velocimetry (p = .02; adjusted p = .04); 5) an inverse relationship was found between the maternal plasma syndecan-1 concentration and the umbilical artery pulsatility index (r = -0.5; p = .003); and 6) a plasma syndecan-1 concentration ≤ 850 ng/mL had a positive likelihood ratio of 4.4 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.24 for the identification of a mother with an SGA fetus who had abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry (area under the ROC curve 0.83; p < .001). CONCLUSION Low maternal plasma syndecan-1 may reflect placental diseases and this protein could be a biomarker for fetal growth restriction. However, as a sole biomarker for this condition, its accuracy is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Juusela
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dahiana M Gallo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mariachiara Bosco
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramiro Diaz-Primera
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Maternity Private Clinic, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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3
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Immonen T, Jung E, Gallo DM, Diaz-Primera R, Gotsch F, Whittaker P, Than NG, Bosco M, Tarca AL, Suksai M, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T. Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy and plasma syndecan-1: evidence of glycocalyx involvement. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2155041. [PMID: 36642424 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2155041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pyelonephritis, a risk factor for maternal sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and preterm labor, is a frequent cause of hospitalization. This condition is characterized by excessive intravascular inflammation and endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. Syndecan-1, a major component of the glycocalyx, is a gel-like layer that covers the luminal surface of healthy endothelial cells, preserving and mediating many endothelial functions. During pregnancy, there is an additional potential source of syndecan-1, the "syncytiotrophoblast glycocalyx," which lines the intervillous space. Insults that damage the glycocalyx lead to a shedding of syndecan-1 into the circulation. Hence, syndecan-1 has been proposed as a marker of endothelial injury in conditions such as sepsis, trauma, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether the plasma syndecan-1 concentration changes in women with acute pyelonephritis in the presence or absence of bacteremia. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included three groups: (1) non-pregnant women (n = 25); (2) women with an uncomplicated pregnancy from whom samples were collected preterm (n = 61) or at term (n = 69); and (3) pregnant women diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis from whom samples were collected at the time of diagnosis during the second and third trimesters (n = 33). The diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis was based on clinical findings and a positive urine culture for bacteria. Blood culture results were available in 85% (28/33) of women with acute pyelonephritis. Plasma concentrations of syndecan-1 were determined by a validated immunoassay. RESULTS (1) Women with an uncomplicated pregnancy had a higher plasma concentration of syndecan-1 than non-pregnant women. The geometric mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) of syndecan-1 concentration was 51.0 (12.1-216.1) ng/mL in non-pregnant controls; 1280 (365-4487) ng/mL in normal preterm gestations; and 1786 (546-5834) ng/mL in normal term gestations (adjusted p < .005 for all three between group comparisons); (2) plasma syndecan-1 concentrations increased with gestational age among women with a normal pregnancy (p < .001, R2 = 0.27); (3) syndecan-1 multiple of the mean (MoM) values in pregnant patients with acute pyelonephritis were higher than those in normal pregnant women based on second- and third-trimester samples (p = .048, 1.26-fold change). The increase was driven primarily by cases with a positive blood culture (p = .009, 1.74-fold change); (4) when data from third-trimester samples were compared, overall differences in syndecan-1 MoM values between cases and controls were slightly larger (p = .03, 1.36- fold change), which were especially contributed to by cases with a positive blood culture (p = .023, fold change 1.79-fold change). CONCLUSIONS Plasma syndecan-1 concentration is higher in pregnant women and increases as a function of gestational age. Patients with acute pyelonephritis have a higher plasma concentration of syndecan-1, and this is particularly the case in the presence of bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Immonen
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dahiana M Gallo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Ramiro Diaz-Primera
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peter Whittaker
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Maternity Private Clinic, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mariachiara Bosco
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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4
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Oravecz O, Balogh A, Romero R, Xu Y, Juhasz K, Gelencser Z, Xu Z, Bhatti G, Pique-Regi R, Peterfia B, Hupuczi P, Kovalszky I, Murthi P, Tarca AL, Papp Z, Matko J, Than NG. Proteoglycans: Systems-Level Insight into Their Expression in Healthy and Diseased Placentas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5798. [PMID: 35628608 PMCID: PMC9147780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycan macromolecules play key roles in several physiological processes (e.g., adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis), all of which are important for placentation and healthy pregnancy. However, their precise roles in human reproduction have not been clarified. To fill this gap, herein, we provide an overview of the proteoglycans' expression and role in the placenta, in trophoblast development, and in pregnancy complications (pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction), highlighting one of the most important members of this family, syndecan-1 (SDC1). Microarray data analysis showed that of 34 placentally expressed proteoglycans, SDC1 production is markedly the highest in the placenta and that SDC1 is the most upregulated gene during trophoblast differentiation into the syncytiotrophoblast. Furthermore, placental transcriptomic data identified dysregulated proteoglycan genes in pre-eclampsia and in fetal growth restriction, including SDC1, which is supported by the lower concentration of syndecan-1 in maternal blood in these syndromes. Overall, our clinical and in vitro studies, data analyses, and literature search pointed out that proteoglycans, as important components of the placenta, may regulate various stages of placental development and participate in the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Moreover, syndecan-1 may serve as a useful marker of syncytialization and a prognostic marker of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of proteoglycans in healthy and complicated pregnancies, which may help in diagnostic or therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Oravecz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kata Juhasz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Zsolt Gelencser
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Balint Peterfia
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | | | - Ilona Kovalszky
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3502, Australia
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (R.R.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (G.B.); (R.P.-R.); (A.L.T.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Clinic, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (Z.P.)
| | - Janos Matko
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (O.O.); (A.B.); (K.J.); (Zs.G.); (B.P.); (J.M.)
- Maternity Private Clinic, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary; (P.H.); (Z.P.)
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
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Epigenetic Dysregulation of Trophoblastic Gene Expression in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121935. [PMID: 34944751 PMCID: PMC8698431 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) have not been investigated for their epigenetic marks and consequent transcriptomic changes. Here, we analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptome data to reveal the epigenetic basis of disease pathways that may lead to benign or malignant GTDs. RNA-Seq, mRNA microarray, and Human Methylation 450 BeadChip data from complete moles and choriocarcinoma cells were bioinformatically analyzed. Paraffin-embedded tissues from complete moles and control placentas were used for tissue microarray construction, DNMT3B immunostaining and immunoscoring. We found that DNA methylation increases with disease severity in GTDs. Differentially expressed genes are mainly upregulated in moles while predominantly downregulated in choriocarcinoma. DNA methylation principally influences the gene expression of villous trophoblast differentiation-related or predominantly placenta-expressed genes in moles and choriocarcinoma cells. Affected genes in these subsets shared focal adhesion and actin cytoskeleton pathways in moles and choriocarcinoma. In moles, cell cycle and differentiation regulatory pathways, essential for trophoblast/placental development, were enriched. In choriocarcinoma cells, hormone biosynthetic, extracellular matrix-related, hypoxic gene regulatory, and differentiation-related signaling pathways were enriched. In moles, we found slight upregulation of DNMT3B protein, a developmentally important de novo DNA methylase, which is strongly overexpressed in choriocarcinoma cells that may partly be responsible for the large DNA methylation differences. Our findings provide new insights into the shared and disparate molecular pathways of disease in GTDs and may help in designing new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Moore KH, Murphy HA, Chapman H, George EM. Syncytialization alters the extracellular matrix and barrier function of placental trophoblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C694-C703. [PMID: 34406903 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00177.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The human placenta is of vital importance for proper nutrient and waste exchange, immune regulation, and overall fetal health and growth. Specifically, the extracellular matrix (ECM) of placental syncytiotrophoblasts, which extends outward from the placental chorionic villi into maternal blood, acts on a molecular level to regulate and maintain this barrier. Importantly, placental barrier dysfunction has been linked to diseases of pregnancy such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. To help facilitate our understanding of the interface and develop therapeutics to repair or prevent dysfunction of the placental barrier, in vitro models of the placental ECM would be of great value. In this study, we aimed to characterize the ECM of an in vitro model of the placental barrier using syncytialized BeWo choriocarcinoma cells. Syncytialization caused a marked change in syndecans, integral proteoglycans of the ECM, which matched observations of in vivo placental ECM. Syndecan-1 expression increased greatly and predominated the other variants. Barrier function of the ECM, as measured by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS), increased significantly during and after syncytialization, whereas the ability of THP-1 monocytes to adhere to syncytialized BeWos was greatly reduced compared with nonsyncytialized controls. Furthermore, ECIS measurements indicated that ECM degradation with matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), but not heparanase, decreased barrier function. This decrease in ECIS-measured barrier function was not associated with any changes in THP-1 adherence to syncytialized BeWos treated with heparanase or MMP-9. Thus, syncytialization of BeWos provides a physiologically accurate placental ECM with a barrier function matching that seen in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Moore
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Haley A Murphy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Heather Chapman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Eric M George
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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7
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Circulating syndecan-1 is reduced in pregnancies with poor fetal growth and its secretion regulated by matrix metalloproteinases and the mitochondria. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16595. [PMID: 34400721 PMCID: PMC8367987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction is a leading cause of stillbirth that often remains undetected during pregnancy. Identifying novel biomarkers may improve detection of pregnancies at risk. This study aimed to assess syndecan-1 as a biomarker for small for gestational age (SGA) or fetal growth restricted (FGR) pregnancies and determine its molecular regulation. Circulating maternal syndecan-1 was measured in several cohorts; a large prospective cohort collected around 36 weeks’ gestation (n = 1206), a case control study from the Manchester Antenatal Vascular service (285 women sampled at 24–34 weeks’ gestation); two prospective cohorts collected on the day of delivery (36 + 3–41 + 3 weeks’ gestation, n = 562 and n = 405 respectively) and a cohort who delivered for preterm FGR (< 34 weeks). Circulating syndecan-1 was consistently reduced in women destined to deliver growth restricted infants and those delivering for preterm disease. Syndecan-1 secretion was reduced by hypoxia, and its loss impaired proliferation. Matrix metalloproteinases and mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors significantly reduced syndecan-1 secretion, an effect that was rescued by coadministration of succinate, a mitochondrial electron transport chain activator. In conclusion, circulating syndecan-1 is reduced among cases of term and preterm growth restriction and has potential for inclusion in multi-marker algorithms to improve detection of poorly grown fetuses.
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8
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Gümüş Güler B, Özler S. Increased syndecan-1 and glypican-3 predict poor perinatal outcome and treatment resistance in intrahepatic cholestasis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2020; 19:271-276. [PMID: 31919038 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to explore the association between serum syndecan-1 and glypican-3 levels and the adverse perinatal outcome as well as the responses to the treatment of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). METHODS This prospective, case control study included 88 pregnant women (44 women with ICP and 44 healthy controls). The primary end points were the perinatal outcome and the response to UDCA therapy. A logistic regression model was used to identify the independent risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes and reduced response to UDCA therapy. RESULTS Women with ICP had significantly higher serum syndecan-1 (1.27 ± 0.36 ng/mL vs. 0.98 ± 0.50 ng/mL; P = 0.003), glypican-3 (1.78 ± 0.13 ng/mL vs.1.69 ± 0.16 ng/mL; P = 0.004), AST (128.59 ± 1.44 vs. 13.29 ± 1.32 U/L; P < 0.001), and ALT (129.84 ± 1.53 vs. 8.00 ± 3.67 U/L; P < 0.001) levels compared with the controls. The increased levels of syndecan-1 (OR = 4.715, 95% CI: 1.554-14.310; P = 0.006), glypican-3 (OR = 8.465, 95% CI: 3.372-21.248; P = 0.007), ALT (OR = 1.382, 95% CI: 1.131-1.690; P = 0.002), and postprandial bile acid (PBA) (OR = 3.392, 95% CI: 1.003-12.869; P = 0.026) were correlated to ICP. The adverse neonatal outcome was related to increased glypican-3 (OR = 4.275, 95% CI: 2.726-5.635; P = 0.039), and PBA (OR = 3.026, 95% CI: 1.069-13.569; P = 0.037). Increases of syndecan-1 (OR = 7.464, 95% CI: 2.130-26.153, P = 0.017) and glypican-3 (OR = 6.194, 95% CI: 2.951-13.002; P = 0.025) were the risk factors of decreased response to UDCA treatment. CONCLUSION Syndecan-1 and glypican-3 might be powerful determinants in predicting adverse perinatal outcome in patients with ICP, and they can be used to predict the response to the UDCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Gümüş Güler
- Department of Health Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Sibel Özler
- Department of Perinatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya 42130, Turkey.
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9
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Gurung S, Greening DW, Catt S, Salamonsen L, Evans J. Exosomes and soluble secretome from hormone-treated endometrial epithelial cells direct embryo implantation. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:510-520. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A successful pregnancy requires a synchronous dialogue between endometrium and embryo within the endometrial milieu. The aim of this study was to assess the role in the implantation of mediators in the endometrial milieu. Total secretome (TS), soluble secretome (SS) and small extracellular vesicles (containing exosomes) were generated from hormonally primed human endometrial epithelial cell culture medium. Human trophectoderm stem cell-derived spheroids were cultured with TS, SS or exosomes (30 µg/ml) on hormonally primed epithelial cells, with exosomes significantly increasing cell adhesion and outgrowth. Furthermore, F1 mouse 2-cell embryos were cultured in groups for 48 h followed by culture with each secretome fraction (30 µg/ml) for 48 h. Blastocyst cell number and hatching were quantified. In addition, blastocysts were further cultured on a fibronectin matrix for 72 h or transferred to recipient mice (with corresponding secretomes) with embryo implantation assessed after 6 days. Exosomes significantly increased total cell number in mouse embryos and complete hatching from zona pellucida, with both exosomes and SS significantly enhancing mouse embryo outgrowth. Importantly, exosomes increased the embryo implantation rate in comparison to other secretome fractions (normalized based on treatment amount) from the endometrial epithelia. These data indicate that endometrial epithelial exosomes support embryo growth, development and implantation while the SS has selective involvement specifically on mouse embryo outgrowth. This finding provides new insights into the molecular differences of endometrial secretome components in implantation and early embryo development and may implicate endometrial exosomes in the pathophysiology of implantation failure in infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gurung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Catt
- EPRD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Salamonsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Kuessel L, Husslein H, Montanari E, Kundi M, Himmler G, Binder J, Schiefer J, Zeisler H. Dynamics of soluble syndecan-1 in maternal serum during and after pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia: a nested case control study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 58:50-58. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We investigated the dynamics and the predictive value of soluble syndecan-1 (Sdc-1), a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction, in uneventful pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (PE).
Methods
Serum levels of Sdc-1 were measured at sequential time points during and after uneventful pregnancies (control, n = 95) and pregnancies developing PE (PE_long, n = 12). Levels were further measured in women with symptomatic PE (PE_state, n = 46) at a single time point.
Results
Sdc-1 levels increased consistently throughout pregnancy. In the PE_long group Sdc-1 levels were lower at all visits throughout pregnancy, and reached significance in weeks 18–22 (p = 0.019), 23–27 (p = 0.009), 28–32 (p = 0.006) and 33–36 (p = 0.008). After delivery, Sdc-1 levels dropped sharply in all pregnancies but were significantly elevated in the PE_long group. The predictive power of Sdc-1 was evaluated analyzing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A significant power was reached at weeks 14–17 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.65, p = 0.025), 23–27 (AUC 0.73, p = 0.004) and 33–36 (AUC 0.75, p = 0.013).
Conclusions
In summary, Sdc-1 levels were lower in women developing PE compared to uneventful pregnancies and Sdc-1 might be useful to predict PE. After delivery, Sdc-1 levels remained higher in women with PE. Additional studies investigating the link between glycocalyx degradation, Sdc-1 levels and placental and endothelial dysfunction in pregnancies affected by PE are warranted.
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11
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Jeyarajah MJ, Jaju Bhattad G, Kops BF, Renaud SJ. Syndecan-4 regulates extravillous trophoblast migration by coordinating protein kinase C activation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10175. [PMID: 31308409 PMCID: PMC6629623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion is an essential component of human placentation. Poor EVT invasion is associated with obstetrical complications including preeclampsia. Integration of cues from the extracellular environment is required for directional EVT invasion, but how EVTs coordinate responses to these cues is not well understood. Syndecan-4 (SDC4) is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that binds to, and modulates the activity of, many extracellular proteins implicated in placental development. Therefore, we determined the functional importance of SDC4 for EVT invasion. We found that SDC4 is expressed by a first trimester EVT line (HTR8), and in EVTs in placenta throughout pregnancy, with higher expression during early pregnancy than at term. Higher expression was also observed in placentas from preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnancies. SDC4-deficient HTR8 EVTs exhibited reduced migration and Matrigel-based invasion, both under basal conditions and following exposure to basic fibroblast growth factor and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor. SDC4-deficient HTR8 EVTs also showed reduced protein kinase C-alpha (PKCα) and AKT phosphorylation. SDC4 directly bound to activated PKCα in EVTs, and inhibition of PKCα decreased EVT invasion and migration. Our findings reveal an essential role of SDC4 as a regulator of EVT motility, in part through coordination of PKCα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyan J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gargi Jaju Bhattad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brianna F Kops
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Dai Y, Abbasi K, DePietro M, Butler S, Liu CC. Advanced fabrication of biosensor on detection of Glypican-1 using S-Acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride (SAMSA) modification of antibody. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13541. [PMID: 30202003 PMCID: PMC6131508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican-1 (GPC-1) has been recognized as biomarker of pancreatic cancer. Quantification of GPC-1 level is also pivotal to breast cancer and prostate cancer’s patients. We hereby report the first biosensor for GPC-1 detection. Instead of using crosslinking technique and surface immobilization of antibody, we applied a novel method for biosensor fabrication, using S-Acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride (SAMSA) to modify the Anti-GPC-1 producing a thiol-linked Anti-GPC-1. The thiol-linked Anti-GPC-1 was then directly formed a single-layer antibody layer on the gold biosensor, minimizing the biosensor preparation steps significantly. Time of Flight Secondary Ions Mass Spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) characterization verified the thiol-linked antibody layer and demonstrated a unique perspective for surface protein characterization. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was applied to quantify GPC-1 antigen in undiluted human serum with a concentration range of 5,000 pg/µL to 100 pg/µL. The performance of this newly designed biosensor was also compared with modified self-assembled monolayer system fabricated biosensor, demonstrating the high-sensitivity and high-reproducibility of the SAMSA modified antibody based biosensor. This simple fabrication method can also expand to detection of other biomolecules. The simplified operation process shows great potential in clinical application development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kevin Abbasi
- Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials (SCSAM), Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Michael DePietro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Samantha Butler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Chung Chiun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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13
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Malhotra SS, Banerjee P, Gupta SK. Regulation of trophoblast differentiation during embryo implantation and placentation: Implications in pregnancy complications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrhm.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Gandley RE, Althouse A, Jeyabalan A, Bregand-White JM, McGonigal S, Myerski AC, Gallaher M, Powers RW, Hubel CA. Low Soluble Syndecan-1 Precedes Preeclampsia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157608. [PMID: 27299886 PMCID: PMC4907460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Syndecan-1 (Sdc1; CD138) is a major transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed on the extracellular, luminal surface of epithelial cells and syncytiotrophoblast, thus comprising a major component of the glycocalyx of these cells. The "soluble" (shed) form of Sdc1 has paracrine and autocrine functions and is normally produced in a regulated fashion. We compared plasma soluble Sdc1 concentrations, in relation to placental Sdc1 expression, in uncomplicated (control) and preeclamptic pregnancies. METHODS We evaluated soluble Sdc1 across uncomplicated pregnancy, and between preeclamptic, gestational hypertensive and control patients at mid-pregnancy (20 weeks) and 3rd trimester by ELISA. Placental expression level of Sdc1 was compared between groups in relation to pre-delivery plasma soluble Sdc1. Participants were recruited from Magee-Womens Hospital. RESULTS In uncomplicated pregnancy, plasma soluble Sdc1 rose significantly in the 1st trimester, and reached an approximate 50-fold increase at term compared to post pregnancy levels. Soluble Sdc1 was lower at mid-pregnancy in women who later developed preeclampsia (P<0.05), but not gestational hypertension, compared to controls, and remained lower at late pregnancy in preeclampsia (P<0.01) compared to controls. Sdc1 was prominently expressed on syncytiotrophoblast of microvilli. Syncytiotrophoblast Sdc1 immunostaining intensities, and mRNA content in villous homogenates, were lower in preeclampsia vs. controls (P<0.05). Soluble Sdc1 and Sdc1 immunostaining scores were inversely associated with systolic blood pressures, and positively correlated with infant birth weight percentile. CONCLUSION Soluble Sdc1 is significantly lower before the clinical onset of preeclampsia, with reduced expression of Sdc1 in the delivered placenta, suggesting a role for glycocalyx disturbance in preeclampsia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E Gandley
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew Althouse
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arundhathi Jeyabalan
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julia M Bregand-White
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stacy McGonigal
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ashley C Myerski
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marcia Gallaher
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert W Powers
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carl A Hubel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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15
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Heparanase and Syndecan-4 Are Involved in Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan-Induced Angiogenesis. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6588-608. [PMID: 26516869 PMCID: PMC4663543 DOI: 10.3390/md13116588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of angiogenesis is a potential treatment for chronic ischemia. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF), the sulfated polysaccharide from brown seaweeds, has been shown to promote revascularization in a rat limb ischemia, increasing angiogenesis in vivo. We investigated the potential role of two heparan sulfate (HS) metabolism enzymes, exostosin-2 (EXT2) and heparanase (HPSE), and of two HS-membrane proteoglycans, syndecan-1 and -4 (SDC-1 and SDC-4), in LMWF induced angiogenesis. Our results showed that LMWF increases human vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and angiogenesis in vitro. We report that the expression and activity of the HS-degrading HPSE was increased after LMWF treatment. The phenotypic tests of LMWF-treated and EXT2- or HPSE-siRNA-transfected cells indicated that EXT2 or HPSE expression significantly affect the proangiogenic potential of LMWF. In addition, LMWF increased SDC-1, but decreased SDC-4 expressions. The effect of LMWF depends on SDC-4 expression. Silencing EXT2 or HPSE leads to an increased expression of SDC-4, providing the evidence that EXT2 and HPSE regulate the SDC-4 expression. Altogether, these data indicate that EXT2, HPSE, and SDC-4 are involved in the proangiogenic effects of LMWF, suggesting that the HS metabolism changes linked to LMWF-induced angiogenesis offer the opportunity for new therapeutic strategies of ischemic diseases.
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Szabo S, Xu Y, Romero R, Fule T, Karaszi K, Bhatti G, Varkonyi T, Varkonyi I, Krenacs T, Dong Z, Tarca AL, Chaiworapongsa T, Hassan SS, Papp Z, Kovalszky I, Than NG. Changes of placental syndecan-1 expression in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Virchows Arch 2013; 463:445-58. [PMID: 23807541 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is characterized by maternal systemic anti-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory states. Syndecan-1 is a cell surface proteoglycan expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast, which plays an important role in angiogenesis and resolution of inflammation. Our aim was to examine placental syndecan-1 expression in preeclampsia with or without hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. Placentas were obtained from women in the following groups: (1) late-onset preeclampsia (n = 8); (2) early-onset preeclampsia without (n = 7) and (3) with HELLP syndrome (n = 8); (4) preterm controls (n = 5); and (5) term controls (n = 9). Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from paraffin-embedded placentas. TMA slides were immunostained for syndecan-1 and evaluated using microscopy, virtual microscopy, and semi-automated image analysis. Maternal sera from patients with preeclampsia (n = 49) and controls (n = 32) were immunoassayed for syndecan-1. BeWo cells were treated with Forskolin or Latrunculin B or kept in ischemic conditions. SDC1 expression and syndecan-1 production were investigated with qRT-PCR, confocal microscopy, and immunoassays. Syndecan-1 was localized to the syncytiotrophoblast apical membrane in normal placentas. Syndecan-1 immunoscores were higher in late-onset preeclampsia (p = 0.0001) and early-onset preeclampsia with or without HELLP syndrome (p = 0.02 for both) than in controls. Maternal serum syndecan-1 concentration was lower in preeclampsia (median, 673 ng/ml; interquartile range, 459-1,161 ng/ml) than in controls (1,158 ng/ml; 622-1,480 ng/ml). SDC1 expression and syndecan-1 immunostainings in BeWo cells and syndecan-1 concentrations in supernatants increased during cell differentiation. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton with Latrunculin B decreased syndecan-1 release, while ischemic conditions increased it. Syncytiotrophoblastic syndecan-1 expression depends on the differentiation of villous trophoblasts, and trophoblastic syndecan-1 release is decreased in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. This phenomenon may be related to the disturbed syncytiotrophoblastic cortical actin cytoskeleton and associated with maternal anti-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory states in these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Szabo
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Hofmann-Kiefer KF, Chappell D, Knabl J, Frank HG, Martinoff N, Conzen P, Becker BF, Rehm M. Placental syncytiotrophoblast maintains a specific type of glycocalyx at the fetomaternal border: the glycocalyx at the fetomaternal interface in healthy women and patients with HELLP syndrome. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:1237-45. [PMID: 23585336 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113483011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that considerable amounts of glycosaminoglycans are released into maternal blood during normal pregnancy and in hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. Maternal endothelia and the syncytiotrophoblast layer have been discussed as a possible origin of these glycocalyx components. Our study aimed to visualize the glycocalyx on the syncytiotrophoblast by electron microscopy, to analyze its structure and composition by immunohistochemistry, and to determine potential differences between healthy women and women with HELLP syndrome. For electron microscopy, a cotyledon was fixed by perfusion of the intervillous space with a 2% lanthanum-nitrate glutaraldehyde solution followed by immersion fixation in the same fixative. For immunohistochemistry, sections of 16 placentas (HELLP patients/healthy women, n = 8 each) were stained with monoclonal antibodies against the main glycocalyx constituents syndecan 1, hyaluronic acid, and heparan sulfate. Semiquantitative evaluation of staining intensity focused on the apical surface of the syncytiotrophoblast and fetal intravillous endothelia as possible localizations of a placental glycocalyx. Electron microscopy revealed a glycocalyx of approximately 250 nm, covering the syncytiotrophoblast layer. This was found to contain large amounts of syndecan 1, but neither hyaluronic acid nor heparan sulfate as major components. Intravillous fetal endothelium did not express any of the investigated glycosaminoglycans. Healthy women and patients with HELLP showed no differences concerning glycocalyx composition and thickness of the syncytiotrophoblast. The composition of the "placental" glycocalyx differs from the adult and fetal vascular glycocalyx. Obviously, the human placental syncytiotrophoblast maintains a special kind of glycocalyx at the fetomaternal interface.
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Schmedt A, Götte M, Heinig J, Kiesel L, Klockenbusch W, Steinhard J. Evaluation of placental syndecan-1 expression in early pregnancy as a predictive fetal factor for pregnancy outcome. Prenat Diagn 2012; 32:131-7. [PMID: 22418956 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early expression of syndecan-1, a regulator of growth factor and chemokine function, in animal and human abortuses or placenta at delivery suggests a potential role during embryonic development. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between early placental syndecan expression and fetal outcome in ongoing pregnancies. METHODS Prospective immunohistochemical analysis of 203 chorionic villus sampling specimens obtained during a 4-year period (2001-2004). The chorionic villi were processed for paraffin-embedded immunohistochemistry. Scores of intensity of syndecan-1 expression in chorionic villi were correlated with maternal cofactors and pregnancy outcome. RESULTS Syndecan-1 immunostaining was significantly related to villus size, maternal tobacco use, and fetal biometry at ultrasonography. After correcting the above confounders, scores of syndecan-1 expression correlated with preterm birth and low birth weight. CONCLUSIONS Placental syndecan-1 expression is associated with premature birth and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schmedt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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Chui A, Zainuddin N, Rajaraman G, Murthi P, Brennecke SP, Ignjatovic V, Monagle PT, Said JM. Placental syndecan expression is altered in human idiopathic fetal growth restriction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 180:693-702. [PMID: 22138583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a hypercoagulable state characterized by increased thrombin generation. However, placentas from fetal growth restriction (FGR) pregnancies are characterized by increased fibrin deposition and thrombi in the vasculature, indicative of a further increase in thrombin activation and a disturbance in coagulation in this clinical setting. The cause of the coagulation disturbance observed in FGR pregnancies is currently unknown. Anticoagulant mechanisms are crucial in the regulation of thrombin activity, and current evidence suggests that syndecans are the principal placental anticoagulant proteoglycans. The aim of this study was to determine the localization, distribution, and expression of syndecans 1 to 4 in placentas complicated by idiopathic FGR compared with gestation-matched controls. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that all of the syndecans were localized to cells located closely to the maternal and fetal circulation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of both syndecan 1 and syndecan 2 were significantly decreased in FGR samples compared with controls. This is the first study to demonstrate the differential expression of syndecans 1 to 4 in idiopathic FGR placentas compared with controls. Reduced levels of syndecan expression may result in increased placental thrombosis in the uteroplacental circulation and may therefore contribute to the pathogenesis of FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chui
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
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21
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Kumar SB, Handelman SK, Voronkin I, Mwapasa V, Janies D, Rogerson SJ, Meshnick SR, Kwiek JJ. Different regions of HIV-1 subtype C env are associated with placental localization and in utero mother-to-child transmission. J Virol 2011; 85:7142-52. [PMID: 21543508 PMCID: PMC3126595 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01955-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infections are initiated by a limited number of variants that diverge into a diverse quasispecies swarm. During in utero mother-to-child transmission (IU MTCT), transmitted viral variants must pass through multiple unique environments, and our previously published data suggest a nonstochastic model of transmission. As an alternative to a stochastic model of viral transmission, we hypothesize that viral selection in the placental environment influences the character of the viral quasispecies when HIV-1 is transmitted in utero. To test this hypothesis, we used single-template amplification to isolate HIV-1 envelope gene (env) sequences from both peripheral plasma and the placentas of eight nontransmitting (NT) and nine IU-transmitting participants. Statistically significant compartmentalization between peripheral and placental HIV-1 env was detected in one of the eight NT cases and six of the nine IU MTCT cases. In addition, viral sequences isolated from IU MTCT placental tissue showed variation in env V1 loop lengths compared to matched maternal sequences, while NT placental env sequences did not. Finally, comparison of env sequences from NT and IU MTCT participants indicated statistically significant differences in Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy in the signal peptide, C2, V3, and C3 regions. Our working hypothesis is that the hydropathy differences in Env associated with IU MTCT alter viral cellular tropism or affinity, allowing HIV-1 to efficiently infect placentally localized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender B. Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Center for Retrovirus Research
| | | | | | - Victor Mwapasa
- Department of Community Health, Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Stephen J. Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven R. Meshnick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jesse J. Kwiek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Microbiology, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, and Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Lorenzi T, Turi A, Morroni M, Vitali A, Tranquilli AL, David G, Castellucci M, Marzioni D. Modulation of syndecans in the uterus throughout the menstrual cycle: comparison between endometrium and myometrium. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:2608-11.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Prakash GJ, Suman P, Gupta SK. Relevance of syndecan-1 in the trophoblastic BeWo cell syncytialization. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66:385-93. [PMID: 21623993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To investigate the role of syndecan-1 in the differentiation of the BeWo cells into syncytiotrophoblast. METHOD OF STUDY BeWo cells were stimulated with forskolin to form syncytia, and the expression of syndecan-1, desmoplakin I+II, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and angiogenesis-associated factors was analyzed. Syndecan-1 was silenced by siRNA to evaluate its involvement in the forskolin-mediated syncytia formation. RESULTS Treatment of the BeWo cells with forskolin led to a significant increase in the syncytia formation. It was associated with an increase in the expression of syndecan-1 with a concomitant decrease in the expression of desmoplakin I+II. Forskolin treatment of the BeWo cells also led to an increase in the secretion of soluble endoglin, whereas no change was observed in the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1. Silencing of the syndecan-1 expression in BeWo cells led to a significant decrease in cell fusion both in the presence and in the absence of forskolin. It was associated with a significant decrease in hCG level in the conditioned medium. CONCLUSION Syndecan-1 is up-regulated in BeWo cells during differentiation and its silencing inhibits syncytialization and thus could be a useful biomarker for syncytiotrophoblast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golla Jaya Prakash
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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24
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Schanz A, Baston-Bust D, Krussel JS, Heiss C, Janni W, Hess AP. CXCR7 and syndecan-4 are potential receptors for CXCL12 in human cytotrophoblasts. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 89:18-25. [PMID: 21470690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The placenta forms the interface between the mother and the fetus. During placental development cytotrophoblasts differentiate to form the syncytium or to invade the decidual wall to breach maternal vessels and establish the blood flow in the intervillous space. This process is still not well understood but it is proposed that chemokines and their receptors are involved in guiding cytotrophoblasts to the decidua and maternal vessels as well as attracting immunocompetent cells to the implantation site. CXCL12 is a chemokine expressed by cytotrophoblasts and is involved in cytotrophoblast invasion, differentiation and survival. One of its receptors, CXCR4, has been detected on cytotrophoblasts. Recent data show that CXCR7 and syndecan-4 might partially mediate CXCL12 function in other cell types. In this study, we examined CXCR7 and syndecan-4 expression at the maternal-fetal interface via immmunolocalization in placental tissue sections and in isolated cytotrophoblasts. We further used immunoblot analyses to confirm the data. We were able to show that cytotrophoblasts express both receptors and that upregulation occurs during the differentiation process of cytotrophoblasts towards the invasive phenotype. On a functional level CXCR7 seems not to be involved in JAR cell chemotaxis, suggesting a different function of this receptor. In conclusion, we propose that CXCL12 binds to CXCR4, but also to CXCR7 and syndecan-4. These three receptors could mediate different functions of CXCL12, such as cell migration, directed invasion, proliferation and survival. The latter molecules might also be involved in the development of placental pathologies, such as preeclampsia or choriocarcinoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schanz
- University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and REI (UniKiD), Heinrich-Heine-University Medical Center, Dusseldorf, Germany.
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25
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Lisboa FA, Warren J, Sulkowski G, Aparicio M, David G, Zudaire E, Dveksler GS. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 induces endothelial tubulogenesis through interaction with cell surface proteoglycans. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:7577-86. [PMID: 21193412 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.161810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific β1 glycoproteins (PSGs) are the most abundant fetal proteins in the maternal bloodstream in late pregnancy. They are secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast and are detected around day 14 postfertilization. There are 11 human PSG genes, which encode a family of proteins exhibiting significant conservation at the amino acid level. We and others have proposed that PSGs have an immune modulatory function. In addition, we recently postulated that they are proangiogenic due to their ability to induce the secretion of VEGF-A and the formation of tubes by endothelial cells. The cellular receptor(s) for human PSGs remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted these studies to identify the receptor for PSG1, the highest expressed member of the family. We show that removal of cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by enzymatic or chemical treatment of cells or competition with heparin completely inhibited binding of PSG1. In addition, PSG1 did not bind to cells lacking heparan or chondroitin sulfate on their surface, and binding was restored upon transfection with all four syndecans and glypican-1. Importantly, the presence of GAGs on the surface of endothelial cells was required for the ability of PSG1 to induce tube formation. This finding indicates that the PSG1-GAG interaction mediates at least some of the PSG1 proposed functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Lisboa
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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26
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Lorenzi T, Turi A, Crescimanno C, Morroni M, Castellucci M, David G, Tranquilli AL, Marzioni D. Syndecan expressions in the human amnion and chorionic plate. Eur J Histochem 2010; 54:e42. [PMID: 21263741 PMCID: PMC3167323 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2010.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The syndecan family consists of four distinct membrane glycoproteins in mammals. Syndecans control cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and migration through participation in cell-cell interactions, anchorage of cells to the extracellular environment, and modulation of multiple growth factors. Therefore, syndecans may play a pivotal role in the regulation of cell behaviour depending on the cellular microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate that syndecan-1, syndecan-2 and syndecan-4 are expressed in fetal membrane tissue with different immunolocalizations. Syndecan-1 is expressed in the amniotic epithelium, localizing at basolateral cell surfaces. Syndecan-2 and syndecan-4, in contrast, are mostly localized in intracellular compartments, in the extravillous cytotrophoblastic cells and in some fibroblasts of the chorionic plate as well as in the amniotic epithelial cells. In the latter, syndecan-4 is mainly localized in the apical part of the cells. Our results strongly suggest a key role of syndecan-1, syndecan-2 and syndecan-4 in the determination of structural and functional characteristics of human amnion and chorionic plate. Since the solute exchanges between fetus and mother take place in fetal membranes, our data suggest that syndecans are important players in the placenta for the establishment of the fetalmaternal inter-communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lorenzi
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Therapies, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.
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Marzioni D, Lorenzi T, Mazzucchelli R, Capparuccia L, Morroni M, Fiorini R, Bracalenti C, Catalano A, David G, Castellucci M, Muzzonigro G, Montironi R. Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor, its receptors and syndecans in bladder cancer. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:627-38. [PMID: 19822079 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a heparin-binding cationic protein involved in a variety of pathological conditions including angiogenesis and solid tumour growth. The basic fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family comprises at least 4 high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors that require syndecans for their function. Mounting evidence indicates that syndecans, that bind both bFGF and their FGFRs, will act as stimulators, whereas syndecans that only bind bFGF will act as inhibitors of signaling by sequestering the growth factor. Recent findings have highlighted the importance of syndecans in urological cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of bFGF, its receptors (R1 and R2) and syndecans (1-4) in invasive urothelial carcinoma and normal-looking urothelium by Western blotting, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry analyses. Interestingly, bFGF, FGFR1 and FGFR2 protein levels statistically increased in bladder cancer tissues. mRNA of FGFR1 and syndecans (1-4), showed a statistically significant increase while an mRNA increase in the other molecules analysed was not significant. bFGF, its receptors and syndecan immunostaining were mainly present in the urothelium both in normal-looking tissues and urothelial neoplastic cells. In conclusion, our data report that the bFGF, FGFR and syndecan expressions are altered in bladder tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marzioni
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Therapies, Marche Polytechnic University, School of Medicine, Ancona, Italy.
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28
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Terakawa J, Hondo E, Sugiyama M, Wakitani S, Stewart CL, Kiso Y. Agrin pathway is controlled by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in murine implantation. J Reprod Dev 2009; 55:293-8. [PMID: 19325217 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.20162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrin is the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) that is well known as the molecule that aggregates acetylcholine receptor (AChR) through muscle specific kinase (MuSK) and rapsyn at neuromuscular junctions. HSPGs are spatiotemporally expressed in embryonic and maternal tissues during implantation. The present study examined the role of agrin in the mouse embryo using leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-deficient mice, which show complete sterility. Agrin was detected widely in the cytoplasm of uterine luminal epithelial cells at the third day of pregnancy (Day 3) and Day 4. At Day 5, agrin moved to the apical surface of the luminal epithelium. This migration was not found in LIF-deficient mice. AChR was also found in the apical surface of the uterine epithelium at Day 4 and Day 5 in normal mice. LIF-deficient mice did not show this pattern of expression. Only nAChR b1 subunit mRNA was increased at Day 5 in normal mice. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase was active in the uterine stroma of normal mice throughout the implantation period and was exclusively active in the uterine epithelium at Day 4. Taken together, agrin signaling was activated in the uterus during embryo implantation in the mice. Here, we suggest that the agrin pathway is involved in closure of the uterine epithelium toward placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Terakawa
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University
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29
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Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Basement Membranes of the Human Placenta and Decidua. Placenta 2008; 29:309-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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30
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Kirn-Safran CB, D'Souza SS, Carson DD. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their binding proteins in embryo implantation and placentation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2007; 19:187-93. [PMID: 17766150 PMCID: PMC2275896 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Complex interactions occur among embryonic, placental and maternal tissues during embryo implantation. Many of these interactions are controlled by growth factors, extracellular matrix and cell surface components that share the ability to bind heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides. HS is carried by several classes of cell surface and secreted proteins called HS proteoglycan that are expressed in restricted patterns during implantation and placentation. This review will discuss the expression of HS proteoglycans and various HS binding growth factors as well as extracellular matrix components and HS-modifying enzymes that can release HS-bound proteins in the context of implantation and placentation.
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31
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Ogawa M, Yanoma S, Nagashima Y, Okamoto N, Ishikawa H, Haruki A, Miyagi E, Takahashi T, Hirahara F, Miyagi Y. Paradoxical Discrepancy Between the Serum Level and the Placental Intensity of PP5/TFPI-2 in Preeclampsia and/or Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Possible Interaction and Correlation with Glypican-3 Hold the Key. Placenta 2007; 28:224-32. [PMID: 16580726 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2005] [Revised: 01/29/2006] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There have been controversies whether maternal serum placental protein 5 (PP5)/tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-2 is increased in the patients with preeclampsia and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Here, we have estimated the serum PP5/TFPI-2 in these patients by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a newly developed monoclonal antibody, coupled with placental immunohistochemical studies of their placentae with semiquantitative scoring. Serum PP5/TFPI-2 level was significantly elevated only in the patients with preeclampsia alone (p=0.033), while PP5/TFPI-2 was detected significantly less intensely in the placentae of the same patients (p=0.035) in immunohistochemistry, as compared to Controls. A proteoglycan present on the placental villous surface, glypican-3, showed the same pattern of staining as PP5/TFPI-2, and there was a positive correlation (C.I.=0.506, p=0.004) between the immunohistochemical scores for these. Further experiments using HepG2 cells transfected with PP5/TFPI-2 suggested that glypican-3 could anchor PP5/TFPI-2 on the placental villi. A possibility that a decrease in glypican-3 in the placenta increases the outflow of PP5/TFPI-2, which in turn increases its serum level, was proposed. Preeclampsia and IUGR, often regarded to have the same pathological basis in common, showed distinct distributions of PP5/TFPI-2, which could be a clue to elucidate the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Bischof D, Elsawa SF, Mantchev G, Yoon J, Michels GE, Nilson A, Sutor SL, Platt JL, Ansell SM, von Bulow G, Bram RJ. Selective activation of TACI by syndecan-2. Blood 2005; 107:3235-42. [PMID: 16357320 PMCID: PMC1895754 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-01-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocyte homeostasis and function are regulated by complementary actions of the TNFR family members TACI, BCMA, and BAFF-R, which are expressed by mature B cells. How these receptors are differentially activated is not entirely understood, because the primary ligand BAFF binds to all three. We searched for alternative ligands for TACI using recombinant TACI-Fc fusion protein as a probe and identified syndecan-2 as a new binding partner. TACI binding appears to require heparan sulfate posttranslational modifications of syndecan-2, because free heparin or pretreatment with heparitinase blocked the interaction. Syndecan-2 bound TACI but bound neither BAFF-R nor BCMA. Transfected cells expressing syndecan-2 activated signaling through TACI, as indicated by an NFAT-specific reporter. Syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 were also able to induce TACI signaling in a similar manner. This is the first identification of ligands that selectively activate TACI without simultaneously triggering BCMA or BAFF-R. This finding may help explain the alternative outcomes of signaling from this family of receptors in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bischof
- Mayo Clinic, Mayo Medical School, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Beauvais DM, Rapraeger AC. Syndecans in tumor cell adhesion and signaling. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2004; 2:3. [PMID: 14711376 PMCID: PMC320497 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2003] [Accepted: 01/07/2004] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anchorage of cells to "heparin"--binding domains that are prevalent in extracellular matrix (ECM) components is thought to occur primarily through the syndecans, a four-member family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans that communicate environmental cues from the ECM to the cytoskeleton and the signaling apparatus of the cell. Known activities of the syndecans trace to their highly conserved cytoplasmic domains and to their heparan sulfate chains, which can serve to regulate the signaling of growth factors and morphogens. However, several emerging studies point to critical roles for the syndecans' extracellular protein domains in tumor cell behavior to include cell adhesion and invasion. Although the mechanisms of these activities remain largely unknown, one possibility involves "co-receptor" interactions with integrins that may regulate integrin function and the cell adhesion-signaling phenotype. Thus, alterations in syndecan expression, leading to either overexpression or loss of expression, both of which take place in tumor cells, may have dramatic effects on tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeannaLee M Beauvais
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1300 University Avenue, 6459 Medical Sciences Center (MSC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1510, USA
| | - Alan C Rapraeger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1300 University Avenue, 6459 Medical Sciences Center (MSC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1510, USA
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Durand S, Abadie P, Angeletti S, Genti-Raimondi S. Identification of multiple differentially expressed messenger RNAs in normal and pathological trophoblast. Placenta 2003; 24:209-18. [PMID: 12566248 DOI: 10.1053/plac.2002.0885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to assess the molecular basis of phenotypic alterations present in the gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) and to identify genes whose expression is specifically associated to these placental proliferative disorders we performed differential display techniques. Initially 19 candidate gene fragments were identified and differential expression was confirmed in eight of these fragments by Northern blot analysis. At the mRNA level ribosomal L26 (rL26), ribosomal L27 (rL27), a new Krüppel type zinc finger protein and TIS11d were preferentially expressed in normal early placenta (NEP) relative to complete hydatidiform mole (CHM), persistent gestational trophoblastic disease (PGTD) and choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cell line. In contrast, heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), the ferritin light chain mRNA, and the uncharacterized protein KIAA0992 were predominantly expressed in JEG-3 cell line. Finally, decorin, a prototype member of an expanding family of small leucine-rich proteoglycans, showed high expression in CHM. In addition we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry analysis that increased decorin mRNA in CHM reflected a genuine augmentation in average steady state mRNA levels within cells. Taken together, these findings provide several interesting candidates for regulation of tumorigenic expression as well as early placentation development, including those involved in protein synthesis (rL26 and rL27), metabolism (ferritin light chain), intercellular communication (decorin) and regulation of gene expression (Krüppel-like zinc finger, TIS11d and hnRNPA1). Information about such alterations in gene expression could be useful for elucidating the genetic events associated to gestational trophoblastic pathogenesis, developing new diagnostic markers, or determining novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Durand
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Pabellón Argentina, Ala Oeste, Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina
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Bass MD, Humphries MJ. Cytoplasmic interactions of syndecan-4 orchestrate adhesion receptor and growth factor receptor signalling. Biochem J 2002; 368:1-15. [PMID: 12241528 PMCID: PMC1222989 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2002] [Revised: 09/19/2002] [Accepted: 09/20/2002] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-4 is a ubiquitous transmembrane proteoglycan that localizes to the focal adhesions of adherent cells and binds to a range of extracellular ligands, including growth factors and extracellular-matrix proteins. Engagement of syndecan-4 is essential for adhesion formation in cells adhering via certain integrins, and for cell proliferation and migration in response to growth factors. The cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-4 interacts with a number of signalling and structural proteins, and both extracellular and cytoplasmic domains are necessary for regulated activation of associated transmembrane receptors. PDZ domain-containing scaffold proteins (syntenin and CASK) bind to the C-terminus of the syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain and co-ordinate clustering of receptors and connection to the actin cytoskeleton. Syndecan-4 also binds and activates protein kinase Calpha in the presence of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and regulates signalling by Rho-family GTPases and focal adhesion kinase. This review discusses the cytoplasmic interactions of syndecan-4 and how they affect cell behaviour as a consequence of the interaction with extracellular ligands. These conclusions also offer an insight into the role of syndecan-4 in vivo, and are consistent with phenotypes generated as a consequence of abnormal syndecan-4 expression in pathologies and gene disruption studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Bass
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
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Rioux V, Landry RY, Bensadoun A. Sandwich immunoassay for the measurement of murine syndecan-4. J Lipid Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)30200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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