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Wang H, Zhang X, Li P, Huang F, Xiu T, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhang W, Tang B. Prediction of Early Atherosclerotic Plaques Using a Sequence-Activated Fluorescence Probe for the Simultaneous Detection of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase and Hypobromous Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315861. [PMID: 37985247 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven disease, and there is no effective therapy to reverse atherosclerosis or existing plaques. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to create a noninvasive and reliable approach for early atherosclerosis detection to prevent initial plaque formation. Atherosclerosis is intimately associated with inflammation, which is accompanied by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cells requiring more glutathione (GSH) to resist severe oxidative stress. Therefore, the GSH-hydrolyzed protein γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and the ROS-hypobromous acid (HBrO) are potential biomarkers for predicting atherogenesis. Hence, to avoid false-positive diagnoses caused by a single biomarker, we constructed an ingenious sequence-activated double-locked TP fluorescent probe, C-HBrO-GGT, in which two sequential triggers of GGT and HBrO are meticulously designed to ensure that the probe fluoresces in response to HBrO only after GGT hydrolyzes the probe. By utilization of C-HBrO-GGT, the voltage-gated chloride channel (CLC-1)-HBrO-catalase (CAT)-GGT signaling pathway was confirmed in cellular level. Notably, the forthcoming atherosclerotic plaques were successfully predicted before the plaques could be observed via the naked eye or classical immunofluorescent staining. Collectively, this research proposed a powerful tool to indicate the precise position of mature plaques and provide early warning of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tiancong Xiu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - HongTong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P. R. China
- People's Republic of China; Laoshan Laboratory, 168 Wenhai Middle Rd, Aoshanwei Jimo, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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Mahdinia E, Shokri N, Taheri AT, Asgharzadeh S, Elahimanesh M, Najafi M. Cellular crosstalk in atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:125. [PMID: 37254185 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an underlying pathology of many vascular diseases as a result of cellular, structural and molecular dysfunctions within the sub-endothelial space. This review deals with the events involved in the formation, growth and remodeling of plaque, including the cell recruitment, cell polarization, and cell fat droplets. It also describes cross talking between endothelial cells, macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as the cellular pathways involved in plaque development in the plaque microenvironment. Finally, it describes the plaque structural components and the role of factors involved in the rupture and erosion of plaques in the vessel. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Mahdinia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Talebi Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Asgharzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ghazvin University of Medical Sciences, Ghazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Elahimanesh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbial Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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He J, Liu Y, Ouyang Q, Li R, Li J, Chen W, Hu W, He L, Bao Q, Li P, Hu C. Helicobacter pylori and unignorable extragastric diseases: Mechanism and implications. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:972777. [PMID: 35992650 PMCID: PMC9386483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.972777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Considered as the most popular pathogen worldwide, Helicobacter pylori is intensively associated with diverse gastric diseases, including gastric ulcers, chronic progressive gastritis, and gastric cancer. Aside from its pathogenic effect on gastric diseases, growing evidences reveal that H. pylori may be related to numerous extragastric diseases. In this article, we reviewed recent studies and systematically elucidated that H. pylori may interfere with many biological processes outside the stomach and influence the occurrence of various extragastric diseases. Many epidemiological studies have indicated that H. pylori plays a pathogenic role in COVID-19, atherosclerosis, hyperemesis gravidarum and several other extragastric diseases, while the effect of H. pylori is currently under investigation in gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, we also summarized the possible pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori that may be related to chronic systemic inflammation and molecular mimicker. Taken together, this review provides a new perspective on the role of H. pylori in extragastric diseases and explores the possible mechanisms, which may help guide clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunyi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxing Li
- Department of Foreign Languages, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weichao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijiao He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiyu Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Li,
| | - Changjiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Changjiang Hu,
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Chen XH, Tan Y, Yu S, Lu L, Deng Y. Pinitol Protects Against Ox-Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Endothelial Inflammation and Monocytes Attachment. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:368-374. [PMID: 34861664 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that affects a majority of people around the world at old age. Atherosclerosis is slow to develop and challenging to treat. Endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and other pathological factors drives the process of atherogenesis. LOX-1 is one of the main scavenging receptors for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and contributes to atherogenesis by inducing overproduction of reactive oxygen species, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and secretion of cellular adhesion molecules. In addition, activation of LOX-1 inhibits the expression of KLF2, a key protective factor against atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of pinitol, and naturally occurring cyclic polyol, on endothelial dysfunction induced by ox-LDL. Our findings show that pinitol revealed a good safety profile, as evidenced by reducing lactate dehydrogenase release in human aortic endothelial cells. In our experiments, pinitol reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and expression of IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced by ox-LDL. Pinitol also significantly reduced the attachment of THP-1 monocytes to endothelial cells via downregulation of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin. Importantly, we found that pinitol reduced the expression of LOX-1 induced by ox-LDL and rescued the expression of KLF2, which is dependent on ERK5 expression. Together, our findings provide notable evidence that pinitol may have potential implication in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanchang First Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Fratianni F, d'Acierno A, Ombra MN, Amato G, De Feo V, Ayala-Zavala JF, Coppola R, Nazzaro F. Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant, and in vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Five Cold-Pressed Prunus Seed Oils, and Their Anti-biofilm Effect Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Front Nutr 2021; 8:775751. [PMID: 34869542 PMCID: PMC8636901 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.775751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus dulcis) oil is one of the most famous cold-pressed seed oils. However, other species of Prunus can provide oils with healthy properties. We analyzed the fatty acid (FA) composition, as well as the antioxidant, the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties, and the antibiofilm activity of five commercial vegetable cold-pressed seed oils of apricot, peach, plum, cherry, and black cherry. Methods: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was performed for the analysis of FAs The antioxidant property of the oils was carried using different tests [2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assay)], Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and the 2, 20 -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS·+). The denaturation assay performed on bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-biofilm activity was assessed using five pathogenic strains, namely, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, through the crystal violet test and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), used to evaluate the metabolism of the microbial cells present within the biofilm. Results: Oleic acid and linoleic acids were the most abundant FAs. Black cherry seed oil exhibited the best antioxidant activity, but in general, the amount of oil needed to inhibit the activity of 1 ml of DPPH assay at 50% did not exceed 10 μg. The extract concentration for the 50% inhibition of the denaturation of the protein (IC50) did not exceed 4.4 μg. Linoleic and stearic acids affected the antioxidant activity of the oils; oleic acid, linolenic, and palmitoleic acids exhibited beneficial effects in preserving the BSA denaturation, as shown by the correlation data. The oils were able to inhibit the biofilm formation of the pathogens (up to 71.40% of inhibition) as well as act against their mature biofilm, although with different strengths, with values up to 61.54%. Concurrently, they also acted on the pathogen metabolism. Conclusion: The oils represent a valuable source of some healthy FAs. They showed potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in vitro activity, in addition, their potential effect on the biofilm can offer important ideas for research and reflection on their use as functional foods and/or ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Antonio d'Acierno
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Neve Ombra
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Avellino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Coppola
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Avellino, Italy
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Wang G, Ji C, Wang C, Liu Z, Qu A, Wang H. Matrine ameliorates the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells through the NF-κB pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1309. [PMID: 34630663 PMCID: PMC8461614 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with inflammatory responses and the uncontrolled proliferation and excessive apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the effects of matrine on the inflammatory response, abnormal lipid metabolism and cell proliferation and apoptosis marker proteins in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) have not been elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of matrine on an in vitro model of atherosclerosis using HAVSMCs. The HAVSMCs were divided into normal, model and matrine groups. The model group was treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), the matrine group was treated with oxLDL and matrine and the normal group was treated with physiological saline. Total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC) and cholesterol ester (CE) levels were measured in the cell supernatant. In addition, the relative mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were quantified using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the cell proliferation and apoptosis rates were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The expression levels of proteins associated with proliferation and apoptosis were also determined using western blotting. The levels of TC, FC and CE and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the matrine group were lower than those in the model group, but higher than those in the normal group. After 48 and 96 h of treatment, the cell proliferation and apoptotic rates were lower in the matrine group compared with the model group. The relative expression levels of Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Bax were decreased, while that of Bcl-2 was increased in the matrine group compared with the model group. In addition, the relative protein expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in the matrine group was lower than that in the model group, but higher than that in the normal group. In summary, matrine inhibited activation of the NF-κB pathway and reduced cell proliferation and apoptosis in the oxLDL-induced atherosclerosis model, and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggest that matrine attenuated abnormal biological reactions in HAVSMCs through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Chengyu Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Linqu People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262600, P.R. China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Linqu People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262600, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Aizhong Qu
- Hematology Department, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Huaixin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
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Béland K, Ferrell ST, Beaufrère H, Lair S, Desmarchelier M. Impact of Dietary Fructose on the Lipid Profile in Six Macaws. J Avian Med Surg 2021; 35:196-203. [PMID: 34256550 DOI: 10.1647/19-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is frequently diagnosed in captive parrots. Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of high fructose intake in the development of human cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fructose on the lipid profile in psittacine birds. Six macaws, composed of 3 green-winged macaws (Ara chloropterus, 2 females, 1 male), and 3 blue-and-gold macaws (Ara ararauna, 1 female, 2 males), ranging from 15 to 26 years of age, were used as subject animals for this dietary investigation. Initially, fruits were removed from the diet and replaced with vegetables lower in fructose for a month. Then, with a crossover study design, each bird was randomly selected to receive either 34 kcal of a fructose solution daily for 5 days then an equivalent volume of water for 5 days, or water in the first 5 days followed by the 34 kcal fructose solution. Lipid profiles were repeatedly performed over the course of the study at specific intervals. Serum cholesterol (3.01-5.55 mmol/L), triglycerides (0.27-2.70 mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (1.43-4.79 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (0.02-0.85 mmol/L), and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (0.12-1.22 mmol/L) levels were not statistically significantly different over time and treatment. Although no significant effect could be demonstrated in this study, further studies are needed to investigate the effect of a high fructose intake in psittacine birds, because it could have a deleterious influence on their cardiovascular health if proven to be linked with dyslipidemia as reported in humans. Higher amounts of fructose and longer periods of administration should be considered for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Béland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada
| | | | - Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stéphane Lair
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marion Desmarchelier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada,
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Riad M. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with coronary artery disease: is it an independent risk factor? Egypt Heart J 2021; 73:61. [PMID: 34216301 PMCID: PMC8254686 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-021-00185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a dilemma and a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since CAD has been seen in people without the conventional risk factors like smoking, diabetes, and hypertension, the infectious theory being a risk factor has arisen. MAIN BODY Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is the most common infection affecting the vast majority of the population worldwide. HP grows in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and responsible for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. A review of medical literature mainly PubMed has revealed several studies reporting that HP pathogenesis extends beyond the GIT to be a predisposing factor for atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, thrombosis, and CAD. However, it remains a controversial issue that warrants extensive research. CONCLUSION This article gives insight into the diversity of opinions, evidence, and theories regarding the association between HP infection and CAD. The idea that CAD may be managed with antibiotics in certain patients seems to be creative and inspiring. More research is mandatory to either verify or reject this proposed correlation with strong scientific evidence and also to demonstrate the implications of the results on CAD management and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Riad
- Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Elgomhouria street, Mansoura city, Dakahlia, Egypt.
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Chung SH, Stenvinkel P, Bergström J, Lindholm B. Biocompatibility of New Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions: What Can We Hope to Achieve? Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080002005s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the bioincompatibility of the “old”, standard, high glucose, lactate-buffered peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions, PD is itself a highly successful dialysis modality with patient survival equivalent to that of hemodialysis (HD) during the initial 3 – 5 years of dialysis therapy. Nevertheless, PD technique survival is often limited by infectious complications and alterations in the structure and function of the peritoneal membrane. These local changes also have a negative impact on patient survival owing to systemic effects such as those often seen in patients with high peritoneal transport rate and loss of ultrafiltration (UF) capacity.Patient mortality remains unacceptably high in both HD and PD patients, with most premature deaths being associated with signs of malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (MIA syndrome). These systemic signs are likely to be influenced by PD solutions both directly and indirectly (via changes in the peritoneal membrane). New, biocompatible PD solutions may have favorable local effects (viability and function of the peritoneal membrane) and systemic effects (for example, on MIA syndrome). Amino acid–based solution [Nutrineal (N): Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, U.S.A.] may improve nutritional status as well as peritoneal membrane viability. Bicarbonate/lactate–buffered solution [Physioneal (P): Baxter Healthcare Corporation] may ameliorate local and systemic effects of low pH, high lactate, and high glucose degradation products. Icodextrin-based solution [Extraneal (E): Baxter Healthcare SA, Castlebar, Ireland] may improve hypertension and cardiovascular problems associated with fluid overload and may extend time on therapy in patients with loss of UF capacity.The positive effects of each of these new, biocompatible solutions have been demonstrated in several studies. It is likely that the combined use of N, P, and E solutions will produce favorable synergies in regard to both local effects (peritoneal viability) and systemic effects (less malnutrition, inflammation, and fluid overload). Solution combination is an exciting area for clinical study in the coming years. Furthermore, dialysis fluid additives such as hyaluronan, which protects and improves the function of the peritoneal membrane, may further improve PD solutions. The new, biocompatible PD solutions represent an entirely new era in the evolution of the PD therapy; they are likely to have markedly positive effects on both PD technique and PD patient survival in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Chung
- Divisions of Baxter Novum and Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Divisions of Baxter Novum and Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergström
- Divisions of Baxter Novum and Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Divisions of Baxter Novum and Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Zhai J, Song Z, Wang Y, Han M, Ren Z, Han N, Liu Z, Yin J. Zhixiong Capsule (ZXC), a traditional Chinese patent medicine, prevents atherosclerotic plaque formation in rabbit carotid artery and the related mechanism investigation based on network pharmacology and biological research. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 59:152776. [PMID: 31004886 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chinese patent medicine Zhixiong Capsule (ZXC) has been used in clinical treatment against blood stasis-induced dizziness and headache for many years in China. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Recent clinical observations demonstrated a good efficacy of ZXC against atherosclerotic plaque formation in carotid arteries. The aims of this study were to verify the plaque-preventing efficacy of ZXC in animals and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS ZXC (185 mg/kg and 370 mg/kg) was administrated to rabbits which received collar implantation accompanied with high fat diet administration (12 days). The blood-dissolved components of ZXC were identified by an UPLC-QTOF-MS method. The key components and targets of ZXC were then predicted based on network pharmacology analysis and biological investigations. RESULTS Compared with vehicle control group, ZXC administration (185 mg/kg) significantly prevented plaque formation and attenuated intima thickening in the collar-implanted carotid arteries, markedly decreased blood lipid level, and increased plasma IL-4 level in rabbits. A total of 23 blood-dissolved components were identified. Four ingredients (namely, kaempferol, daidzein, puerarin, miltirone) along with leech, and three targets (namely, JUN, FOS and TP53) were recognized to play important roles for ZXC bioactivity. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that ZXC could be applied to prevent atherosclerotic plaque formation and intimal thickening in carotid arteries at the current clinical dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Zhai
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zehai Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingshu Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhaohui Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Na Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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11
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Strohmaier S, Devore EE, Zhang Y, Schernhammer ES. A Review of Data of Findings on Night Shift Work and the Development of DM and CVD Events: a Synthesis of the Proposed Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Diab Rep 2018; 18:132. [PMID: 30343445 PMCID: PMC6209035 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-018-1102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Night shift work has become highly prevalent in our 24/7 societies, with up to 18% of the US work force working alternate shift schedules. However, studies indicate that there may be adverse health effects of chronic night work across diverse populations. These effects are likely due to misalignment of the circadian system with work schedules, mediated by the system's primary marker melatonin as well as other downstream molecules. RECENT FINDINGS Melatonin has multiple biologic actions that are relevant to cardiometabolic disease, including modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and (via the melatonin receptor) vasoconstriction. Behavioral traits, such as chronotype and meal timing, have recently been shown to interact with the effects of night work on cardiometabolic health. Together with recent findings suggesting a role for circadian genes in cardiometabolic risk, the interactions of night shift work and behavioral traits are likely to facilitate novel treatment and prevention approaches for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, incorporating aspects of clock and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Strohmaier
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cChanning Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - E. E. Devore
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cChanning Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Y. Zhang
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cChanning Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - E. S. Schernhammer
- 0000 0000 9259 8492grid.22937.3dDepartment of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cChanning Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
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12
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Xu Y, Wang Q, Liu Y, Cui R, Lu K, Zhao Y. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with vascular dementia. J Neurol Sci 2016; 362:73-7. [PMID: 26944122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Accumulating evidence indicates that various infections contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) has been implicated as a risk factor of atherosclerosis for stroke and other cardiovascular disease, but limited data exist regarding vascular dementia (VD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Hp infection and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with VD. METHODS A total of 354 patients who were diagnosed with VD were enrolled. Patients were divided into Hp positive VD group (n=208) and Hp negative VD group (n=156) using the (13)C-urea breath test ((13)C-UBT). Serum YKL-40, a marker for inflammation, were analyzed by ELISA. Traditional atherosclerotic risk factors including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were collected or detected. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was determined by color Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS CIMT values and serum YKL-40 significantly increased in Hp positive VD group in comparison with Hp negative VD group (p<0.05). In Hp positive VD group, serum YKL-40 was positively correlated with CIMT (r=0.412, p<0.05), and the association was independent of traditional atherosclerotic risk factors (β=0.381, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS CIMT and serum YKL-4 were significantly higher in Hp positive patients than Hp negative patients. Hp-induced inflammation may be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunlin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ruiting Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Tai'an, Taishan Medical College, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kaili Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Izadpanah R, Schächtele DJ, Pfnür AB, Lin D, Slakey DP, Kadowitz PJ, Alt EU. The impact of statins on biological characteristics of stem cells provides a novel explanation for their pleiotropic beneficial and adverse clinical effects. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00406.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Statins reduce atherosclerotic events and cardiovascular mortality. Their side effects include memory loss, myopathy, cataract formation, and increased risk of diabetes. As cardiovascular mortality relates to plaque instability, which depends on the integrity of the fibrous cap, we hypothesize that the inhibition of the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into macrophages would help to explain the long known, but less understood “non-lipid-associated” or pleiotropic benefit of statins on cardiovascular mortality. In the present investigation, MSCs were treated with atorvastatin or pravastatin at clinically relevant concentrations and their proliferation, differentiation potential, and gene expression profile were assessed. Both types of statins reduced the overall growth rate of MSCs. Especially, statins reduced the potential of MSCs to differentiate into macrophages while they exhibited no direct effect on macrophage function. These findings suggest that the limited capacity of MSCs to differentiate into macrophages could possibly result in decreased macrophage density within the arterial plaque, reduced inflammation, and subsequently enhance plaque stability. This would explain the non-lipid-associated reduction in cardiovascular events. On a negative side, statins impaired the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential of MSCs and increased cell senescence and apoptosis, as indicated by upregulation of p16, p53 and Caspase 3, 8, and 9. Statins also impaired the expression of DNA repair genes, including XRCC4, XRCC6, and Apex1. While the effect on macrophage differentiation explains the beneficial side of statins, their impact on other biologic properties of stem cells provides a novel explanation for their adverse clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Izadpanah
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Deborah J. Schächtele
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Andreas B. Pfnür
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Dong Lin
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Douglas P. Slakey
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Philip J. Kadowitz
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eckhard U. Alt
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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14
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Chung WS, Hsu WH, Lin CL, Kao CH. Mycoplasma pneumonia increases the risk of acute coronary syndrome: a nationwide population-based cohort study. QJM 2015; 108:697-703. [PMID: 25614614 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcv015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating the epidemiological relationship between Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) and the subsequent development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are scant. We conducted a nationwide longitudinal cohort study in Taiwan to explore whether MP patients are at an increased risk of developing ACS. METHODS This study investigated the incidence and risk factors for ACS in 12 152 newly diagnosed MP patients from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2004 and 2011. The control group consisted of 48 600 individuals without MP. The follow-up period ran from the time of initial MP diagnosis to the date of an ACS event, censoring, or 31 December 2011. We analyzed the risk of ACS by using Cox proportional hazard regression models, including variables for sex, age and comorbidities. RESULTS The incidence of ACS was higher in MP patients than in comparison cohort (3.08 vs. 2.42 per 1000 person-years). The hazard ratio of developing ACS increased 37% in MP patients compared with that in the comparison cohort after adjustment for covariates. The effect of MP on subsequent ACS development appeared to 12 months after infection. CONCLUSION This nationwide study determined that compared with the general population, MP patients exhibited a 37% increase in the risk of subsequently developing ACS. Clinicians should be aware of this risk in MP patients and provide appropriate cardiovascular management in addition to MP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-S Chung
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
| | - W-H Hsu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, China Medical University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University
| | - C-L Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, China Medical University and
| | - C-H Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Lim S, Barter P. Antioxidant effects of statins in the management of cardiometabolic disorders. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:997-1010. [PMID: 25132378 DOI: 10.5551/jat.24398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox systems are key players in vascular health. A shift in redox homeostasis-that results in an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and endogenous antioxidant defenses has the potential to create a state of oxidative stress that subsequently plays a role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including those of the cardiovascular and metabolic system. Statins, which are primarily used to reduce the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, have also been shown to reduce oxidative stress by modulating redox systems. Studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo support the role of oxidative stress in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress may also be responsible for various diabetic complications and the development of fatty liver. Statins reduce oxidative stress by blocking the generation of ROS and reducing the NAD+/NADH ratio. These drugs also have effects on nitric oxide synthase, lipid peroxidation and the adiponectin levels. It is possible that the antioxidant properties of statins contribute to their protective cardiovascular effects, independent of the lipid-lowering actions of these agents. However, possible adverse effects of statins on glucose homeostasis may be related to the redox system. Therefore, studies investigating the modulation of redox signaling by statins are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
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16
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Sun S, Cheng B, Wu X, Wu Q, Qi B, Wu J, He P. Chlamydia pneumoniae disrupts lipid metabolism in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1150-6. [PMID: 24898283 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is well established as a chronic inflammatory disorder, and Chlamydia pneumoniae is considered to be a risk factor for atherosclerotic development. Endothelial dysfunction, caused by oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL) is an early atherosclerotic marker. However, the effect of C. pneumoniae on lipid metabolism in vascular endothelial cells is yet to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of C. pneumoniae on lipid metabolism in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In the present study, LDL oxidation was found to be significantly induced in the supernatant, but not the cell lysates, of C. pneumoniae‑infected HUVECs. Furthermore, C. pneumoniae infection was observed to increase the levels of total cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in LDL‑treated HUVECs. In addition, C. pneumoniae was found to upregulate the expression of scavenger receptor A, cluster of differentiation 36 and acyl‑coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 mRNA and protein. C. pneumoniae was also observed to downregulate the mRNA and protein expression of ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and ABCGl in LDL‑treated HUVECs. These results show that C. pneumoniae disrupts lipid metabolism in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Sun
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Bei Cheng
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qinqin Wu
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Benling Qi
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Zhou J, Song B, Duan X, Long Y, Lu J, Li Z, Zeng S, Zhan Q, Yuan M, Yang Q, Xia J. Association of BSG genetic polymorphisms with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in the Han Chinese population. Int J Neurosci 2014; 124:734-40. [PMID: 24392813 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.877461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Basigin (BSG, also known as CD147/extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). It is a cellular receptor for cyclophilin A (CypA), and is originally known as tumor cell collagenase stimulatory factor (TCSF), which could abundantly expressed on the surface of tumor cells, haematopoietic, monocytes, epithelial endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Accumulating evidence showed that BSG played an important role in stimulating the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which has been reported to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Since atherosclerosis is an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI), we speculate that BSG genetic polymorphisms may influence formation of atherosclerosis and then development of ACI. This study aimed to detect the potential association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP, -631 G > T, -318 G > C, 10141 G > A and 10826 G > A) of BSG gene in Hunan Han Chinese population with ACI. We genotyped 199 ACI patients and 188 matched healthy controls for the four BSG SNP by method of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-offlight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Our results suggested that all the polymorphisms were observed in the subjects from Changsha area of Hunan Province. However, no significant difference was observed between the distribution of these SNP in cases and controls. Therefore, we speculate that BSG genetic polymorphisms might not be an important factor in the development of ACI in our Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Institute of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
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18
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Izadi M, Fazel M, Sharubandi SH, Saadat SH, Farahani MM, Nasseri MH, Dabiri H, SafiAryan R, Esfahani AA, Ahmadi A, Jafari NJ, Ranjbar R, Jamali-Moghaddam SR, Kazemi-Saleh D, Kalantar-Motamed MH, Taheri S. Helicobacter species in the atherosclerotic plaques of patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Pathol 2012; 21:307-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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19
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Zhan Q, Yuan M, Wang XH, Duan XM, Yang QD, Xia J. Association of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein gene polymorphisms with cerebral infarction in a Chinese population. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 34:260-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Romo N, Fitó M, Gumá M, Sala J, García C, Ramos R, Muntasell A, Masiá R, Bruguera J, Subirana I, Vila J, de Groot E, Elosua R, Marrugat J, López-Botet M. Association of Atherosclerosis With Expression of the LILRB1 Receptor By Human NK and T-Cells Supports the Infectious Burden Hypothesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2314-21. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.233288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
The contribution of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to vascular disease may depend on features of the immune response not reflected by the detection of specific antibodies. Persistent HCMV infection in healthy blood donors has been associated with changes in the distribution of NK cell receptors (NKR). The putative relationship among HCMV infection, NKR distribution, subclinical atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease was assessed.
Methods and Results—
NKR expression was compared in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients (
n
=70) and a population-based control sample (
n
=209). The relationship between NKR expression and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in controls (
n
=149) was also studied. HCMV infection was associated with higher proportions of NKG2C+ and LILRB1+ NK and T-cells. In contrast, only LILRB1+ NK and CD56+ T-cells were found to be increased in AMI patients, independent of age, sex, conventional vascular risk factors, and HCMV seropositivity. Remarkably, LILRB1 expression in NK and T-cells significantly correlated with CIMT in controls.
Conclusion—
The association of overt and subclinical atherosclerotic disease with LILRB1+ NK and T-cells likely reflects a relationship between the immune challenge by infections and cardiovascular disease risk, without attributing a dominant role for HCMV. Our findings may lead to the identification of novel biomarkers of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Romo
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Mónica Gumá
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Joan Sala
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Cosme García
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Rafel Ramos
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Aura Muntasell
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Rafel Masiá
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Jordi Bruguera
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Isaac Subirana
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Joan Vila
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Eric de Groot
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Roberto Elosua
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
| | - Miguel López-Botet
- From the Immunology Unit (N.R., M.G., M.L.-B.), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) (M.F., A.M., I.S., J.V., R.E., J.M., M.L.-B.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (J.S., R.M.), Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Cardiology (C.G., J.B.), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Vascular Medicine (E.G.), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIBER Epidemiology and
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Lee HI, Guo JH, Wu CC, Ti MC, Lan KP, Hu CY, Lo CY, Yang CC, Lin YF, Wang TC. Anti-inflammatory effects of Cynanchum taiwanianum rhizome aqueous extract in IL-1β-induced NRK-52E cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:437-444. [PMID: 21388234 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.517538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cynanchum taiwanianum T. Yamaza (Asclepiadaceae) is a medicinal herb used in folk medicine for the treatment of several inflammation-related diseases such as hepatitis and dermatitis in Taiwan. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of C. taiwanianum T. Yamaza rhizome aqueous extract (CTAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of CTAE using IL-1β-induced NRK-52E cells. Production of NO and PGE(2) by ELISA, the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2, phosphorylation of IκBα, and activation of NF-κB by RT-PCR and western blotting were determined. RESULTS The CTAE significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited NO and PGE(2) production (decreased by 46.1% and 51%, respectively), and also significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated protein and mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 (decreased by 90% and 55% for iNOS and by 72% and 74%% for COX-2, respectively) in IL-1β-induced NRK-52E cells, in a dose-dependent manner, without obvious cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the CTAE suppressed the NF-κB nuclear translocation, in terms of inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results provided evidence for its folkloric uses and suggest that the anti-inflammatory activities of CTAE may result from the inhibition of inflammatory mediators, such as NO and PGE(2), and an upstream suppression of a NF-κB-dependent mechanism, might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-I Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County, Taiwan, ROC
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Lakota K, Thallinger GG, Cucnik S, Bozic B, Mrak-Poljsak K, Ambrozic A, Rozman B, Blinc A, Tomsic M, Sodin-Semrl S. Could antibodies against Serum Amyloid A function as physiological regulators in humans? Autoimmunity 2010; 44:149-58. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2010.487504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Libby RT, Gould DB. Endoplasmic reticulum stress as a primary pathogenic mechanism leading to age-related macular degeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 664:403-9. [PMID: 20238041 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1399-9_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multi-factorial disease and a leading cause of blindness. Proteomic and genetic data suggest that activation or de-repression of the alternate complement cascade of innate immunity is involved in end-stage disease. Several lines of evidence suggest that production of reactive oxygen species and chronic oxidative stress lead to protein and lipid modifications that initiate the complement cascade. Understanding the triggers of these pathogenic pathways and the site of the primary insult will be important for development of targeted therapeutics. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress from misfolded mutant proteins and other sources are an important potential tributary mechanism. We propose that misfolded-protein-induced ER stress in the retinal-pigmented epithelium and/or choroid could lead to chronic oxidative stress, complement deregulation and AMD. Small molecules targeted to ER stress and oxidative stress could allow for a shift from disease treatment to disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Libby
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Zhang D, Bi Z, Li Y, Zheng H, Li L, Ouyang J, Wang B, Bi Y. Sodium Ferulate Modified Gene Expression Profile of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2009; 14:302-13. [PMID: 19837969 DOI: 10.1177/1074248409347986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is known to trigger vascular injury in atherosclerosis development. Sodium ferulate is an effective component from Chinese medicines with various beneficial cardiovascular pharmacological activities. Here, we investigated the effects of sodium ferulate on the gene expression profile of ox-LDL-stimulated endothelial cells. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with ox-LDL (50 μg/mL) in the absence or presence of sodium ferulate (5 μmol/L). Sodium ferulate significantly reduced ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell death as evaluated by cell viability assay. Human oligonucleotide microarray analysis demonstrated that a total of 32 ox-LDL-induced genes were significantly downregulated to control levels by sodium ferulate. These genes included members from families of chemokine, inflammatory factor, growth factor, and nuclear receptor. These data provided an overview of the gene expression profile of endothelial cells in response to ox-LDL and sodium ferulate, and demonstrated that sodium ferulate could regulate the expression of inflammation-related genes in endothelial cells and has the potential to benefit endothelial function in the setting of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China, Nanyang Medical College, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhuoyue Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunyang Medical College, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jingping Ouyang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yongyi Bi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Lack of Evidence for Bacterial Infections in Skin in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. Am J Med Sci 2009; 337:233-5. [DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3181891612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lii CK, Chen HW, Yun WT, Liu KL. Suppressive effects of wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata ser.) fruit extracts on inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:227-233. [PMID: 19330915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is used to treat various diseases including inflammation. A wild species of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata ser. (WBG), is considered to be more potent in disease prevention than is bitter gourd; however, little is known about the biological and physiological characteristics of WBG. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of WBG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. RESULTS Among the hot water, 95% ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of WBG, the ethanol extract showed the greatest reduction of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-interleukin-1beta expression. LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression was not affected byWBGextracts. Compared with WBG, extracts from bitter gourd showed a lesser inhibition of LPS-induced events. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay further showed that both the hot water and the ethanol extracts of WBG inhibited NF-kappaB activation. Although information is lacking on the bioactive components of WBG, the phenolic compound contents of each extract significantly paralleled its anti-inflammatory ability (r = 0.74, 0.88 and 0.65 for NO, PGE2 and iNOS expression, respectively, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that WBG is beneficial for reducing LPS-induced inflammatory responses by modulating NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
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Chlamydia pneumoniae induces macrophage-derived foam cell formation by up-regulating acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1. Microbes Infect 2009; 11:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fukahori S, Matsuse H, Takamura N, Hirose H, Tsuchida T, Kawano T, Fukushima C, Mizuta Y, Kohno S. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in general clinics in terms of FEV1/FVC. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:269-74. [PMID: 19196365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to increase all over the world. Nonetheless, COPD is often misdiagnosed in general clinics because of insufficient use of spirometry. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of COPD in general clinics in Japan, we performed spirometry to screen patients who consulted general clinics. METHODS Patients 40 years of age and older who consulted clinics in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, for non-respiratory diseases and who met certain inclusion criteria had their airflow limitation measured by spirometry. We defined COPD as forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)) over forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV(1)/FVC) of < 70% in patients without active pulmonary disease, including physician-diagnosed asthma. RESULTS Of the 1424 patients included in the study, 193 (13.6%) showed airflow limitation. Airflow limitation was significantly related to older age, male gender and cumulative pack-years. FEV(1)/FVC in patients with hypertension and chronic hepatitis were significantly lower than in patients without these diseases when adjusted for age, gender and pack-years. CONCLUSIONS We showed that there are potentially a number of cases with COPD that are undiagnosed by general physicians in Japan. Measuring airflow limitation by spirometry in smokers with coexisting diseases, such as hypertension and chronic hepatitis, may be very beneficial because COPD is thought to be a systemic disease. The distribution of spirometers to general clinics is definitely needed to detect undiagnosed COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukahori
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Abstract
Morphological and immunocytochemical studies have elucidated the complex processes involved in atherogenesis. The notion of plaque instability has emerged from this work and underscored the importance of inflammation in determining clinical complications associated with atherosclerosis, such as acute coronary syndrome. Cells of the immune system have been detected within atherosclerotic lesions and auto-antibodies directed against modified LDL and heat-shock proteins have been identified in the blood of individuals with atherosclerosis. The use of risk 'engines', e.g. the Framingham coronary risk score, has facilitated the identification of individuals at high risk, but the constituent classical risk factors used in these algorithms do not adequately differentiate individuals at moderate risk. As age is a major component of the equations used in these algorithms they are not particularly useful in young adults, and their applicability to non-Caucasian populations has been questioned. Biomarkers of early disease and plaque instability have therefore both been sought. Although some of these markers have been shown individually to be associated with a significant hazard ratio, no substantial improvement in discrimination has been demonstrated when they are incorporated into a risk 'engine'. The latter has generally been assessed by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, although this approach has been criticised. Other modalities, including imaging and functional assessments of vascular function, are now being developed for clinical use.
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De Bastiani R, Gabrielli M, Ubaldi E, Benedetto E, Sanna G, Cottone C, Candelli M, Zocco MA, Saulnier N, Santoliquido A, Papaleo P, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. High prevalence of Cag-A positive H. pylori strains in ischemic stroke: a primary care multicenter study. Helicobacter 2008; 13:274-7. [PMID: 18665936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested an association between CagA-positive H. pylori strains and ischemic stroke. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and CagA status in patients with atherosclerotic stroke in the primary care setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 106 consecutive patients (age 76.6 +/- 8 years; males 52%) with well-documented history of atherosclerotic stroke and 106 sex-age- (age 76.5 +/- 9 years; males 52%) and social background-matched controls without relevant vascular diseases. Risk factors for ischemic stroke were recorded in all subjects. H. pylori infection was assessed by[13]C-urea breath test. A serologic assay for specific IgG against CagA was performed in infected subjects. RESULTS A trend toward a higher prevalence of H. pylori was observed in cases (63%) with respect to controls (54%) without reaching a statistical significance. CagA positivity was associated to a higher risk of atherosclerotic stroke (adjusted odds ratio 2.69, 95% confidence interval 1.37-5.30). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CagA-positive strains of H. pylori are significantly associated to atherosclerotic stroke. This is not a merely confirmative study since it has been performed for the first time in the primary care setting and included only subjects with an active infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy De Bastiani
- GIGA-CP (Italian Group for Primary Care Gastroenterology), Feltre (BL) Italy
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Voorend M, van der Ven AJAM, Kubat B, Lodder J, Bruggeman CA. Limited role for C. pneumoniae, CMV and HSV-1 in cerebral large and small vessel atherosclerosis. Open Neurol J 2008; 2:39-44. [PMID: 19018307 PMCID: PMC2577934 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x00802010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 05/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To explore whether Chlamydia pneumoniae, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 could be detected in large and small cerebral arteries, as well as in an area of brain parenchyma where white matter lesions (leukoaraiosis) can be found, in patients with clinically unmanifested cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. Methods and results( Arterial specimens from the basilar artery and middle cerebral artery, and brain samples from the basal ganglia and periventricular white matter were obtained. Neuropathological changes were assessed in Haematoxylin-Eosin stained sections. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on paraffin embedded sections. Subsequently, we performed immunohistochemical staining on samples, which were found positive in PCR. We failed to detect C. pneumoniae, CMV, or HSV-1, in any of the cerebral large vessels. In the brain tissue, we found only one case positive for CMV, and one for C. pneumoniae. Conclusions (our findings suggest a limited role for C. pneumoniae, CMV and HSV-1 in cerebral large and small vessel atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Voorend
- Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular research institute Maastricht (CARIM) University Hospital Maastricht.
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Abdalla Abbas M, Guenther A, Galantucci S, Fawi G, Comi G, Kwan J, Corea F. Microbial risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: potential therapeutical options. Open Neurol J 2008; 2:20-4. [PMID: 19018303 PMCID: PMC2577933 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x00802010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation may have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This hypothesis is supported by an increasing number of reports on the interaction between chronic infection, inflammation, and atherogenesis. Assessment of serological and inflammatory markers of infection may be useful adjuncts in identifying those patients who are at a higher risk of developing vascular events, and in whom more aggressive treatments might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdalla Abbas
- Neurology Department, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- Istituto di Neurologia Sperimentale (INSPE), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Milano, Neurologia, Dimer, Via Olgettina, 48, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Albrecht Guenther
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gharib Fawi
- Neurology Department, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Istituto di Neurologia Sperimentale (INSPE), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Milano, Neurologia, Dimer, Via Olgettina, 48, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Joseph Kwan
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Castle Lane East, Bournemouth, BH7 7DW, UK
| | - Francesco Corea
- Istituto di Neurologia Sperimentale (INSPE), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Milano, Neurologia, Dimer, Via Olgettina, 48, 20132, Milano, Italy
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Cytotoxin-associated gene-A-seropositive virulent strains of Helicobacter pylori and atherosclerotic diseases: a systematic review. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200805020-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Zhang S, Guo Y, Ma Y, Teng Y. Relationship between the cytotoxin-associated gene-A status of H pylori strains and cerebral infarction in European Caucasians and Chinese Han: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:1286-92. [PMID: 18300359 PMCID: PMC2690681 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the relationship between the cytotoxin-associated gene-A (CagA) status of H pylori strains and cerebral infarction among European Caucasians and Chinese Han by conducting a meta-analysis.
METHODS: Ten case-control studies, with data on a total of 907 cases and 966 controls, were retrieved and considered; disqualified studies were excluded. The included studies were then tested for heterogeneity, and a meta-analysis was performed.
RESULTS: The combined data revealed CagA-bearing strains of H pylori which cause chronic infection are associated with an increased risk of cerebral infarction (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.17-3.26), but no such relationship was found with CagA-negative strains (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.49-1.10) in the overall population. We performed subgroup analyses, dividing the overall population into European Caucasians and Chinese Han subgroups, and analyzed the studies according to their subgroup classification. Through the subgroup analysis, an association between cerebral infarction and CagA-bearing strains was found in both subgroups (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.93-3.49 in Chinese Han; OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 2.05-3.59 in European Caucasians), but no significant association was found between cerebral infarction and CagA-negative strains (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.45-1.48 in Chinese Han; OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.37-1.09 in European Caucasians).
CONCLUSION: These results suggest CagA-bearing strains of H pylori are significantly associated with susceptibility to cerebral infarction in Chinese Han and European Caucasians, but that CagA-negative strains are not a definite predisposing factor in either subgroup. The magnitude of this association with cerebral infarction needs to be confirmed by prospective studies and combined studies of H pylori eradication.
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Magyar MT, Szikszai Z, Kertész Z, Molnár S, Uzonyi I, Szíki GA, Csiba L. Calcium distribution in the vessel wall and intima-media thickness of the human carotid arteries. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2007; 33:1171-8. [PMID: 17466442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) measured by B-mode ultrasound is an early marker of the atherosclerotic process. Arterial calcification is not clearly understood. Using the particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method, we have looked for the location in the artery wall where calcium accumulated in the early phase of atherosclerosis. Twelve segments of CCAs of deceased stroke patients were investigated. In-vivo, carotid duplex ultrasound was performed with bilateral CCA IMT measurement at plaque-free sections. During autopsy, segments of carotid arteries were collected and filled under pressure with a stained histologic embedding material. The frozen arteries were cut into 60-microm-thick slices. Calcium distribution maps from the segments of arteries were determined by PIXE method. IMT measured by ultrasound and calcium distribution maps measured by PIXE were compared. In our cross-sectional study, using the PIXE analysis and ultrasound images, we could demonstrate early calcium accumulation in the media layer. Our results have also shown a significant relationship between calcium content of distributional maps measured by PIXE analysis and corresponding IMT on B-mode ultrasound images of human CCAs.
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Jiang Y, Zhang J, Xiong J, Cao J, Li G, Wang S. Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor inhibit homocysteine-induced DNA methylation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007; 39:366-76. [PMID: 17492134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. It is generally accepted that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a key enzyme in the regulation of vascular disease. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands on iNOS in the presence of Hcy in human monocytes. Foam cells, induced by oxidize low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in the presence of different concentrations of Hcy, clofibrate and pioglitazone in human monocytes for 4 d, were examined by oil red O staining. The activity of iNOS was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The capability of DNA methylation was measured by assaying endogenous C5 DNA methyltransferase (C5MTase) activity, and the iNOS promoter methylation level was determined by quantitative MethyLight assays. The results indicated that Hcy increased the activity of C5MTase and the level of iNOS gene DNA methylation, resulting in a decrease of iNOS expression. Clofibrate and pioglitazone could antagonize the hcy effect on iNOS expression through DNA methylation, resulting in attenuation of iNOS transcription. These findings suggested that Hcy decreased the expression of iNOS by elevating iNOS DNA methylation levels, which can repress the transcription of some genes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/gamma ligands can down-regulate iNOS DNA methylation, and could be useful for preventing Hcy-induced atherosclerosis by repressing iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yideng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical College, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Spagnoli LG, Pucci S, Bonanno E, Cassone A, Sesti F, Ciervo A, Mauriello A. Persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of cardiomyocytes is correlated with fatal myocardial infarction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:33-42. [PMID: 17200180 PMCID: PMC1762683 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.051353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) associated with unfavorable prognosis is likely to be the consequence of a diffuse active chronic inflammatory process that destabilizes the whole coronary tree and myocardium, suggesting a possible common causal agent underlying both conditions. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) infection occurred beyond the coronary plaques, namely in the myocardium of individuals who died of AMI. The presence of CP cell wall antigen (OMP-2) and CP-HSP60 was investigated in the myocardium and coronary plaques of 10 AMI and 10 age-matched control patients by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular biology. OMP-2 antigens were found in the unaffected myocardium of 9 of 10 AMI patients. Conversely, only 1 of 10 control patients exhibited a positive staining for CP. Moreover, OMP-2 and CP-HSP60 were detected in the whole coronary tree. CP presence was strongly associated with a T-cell inflammatory infiltrate. Our results suggest that CP may underlie both coronary and myocardial vulnerabilities in patients who died of AMI and corroborate the notion that CP may act by reducing cardiac reserves, thus worsening the ischemic burden of myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Giusto Spagnoli
- Cattedra di Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Diagnostica per Immagini, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy.
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Serrano CV, Santos ES, Mangione JA, Scheinberg M, Souza JS, Martinez EE, Ramires JA, Nicolau JC. Enhanced inflammatory response following coronary stent implantation in stable angina patients. Int J Cardiol 2006; 118:69-75. [PMID: 16945437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2005] [Revised: 06/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with an increase in inflammatory activity. However, little is known about the association between the inflammatory response post-PCI and plaque morphology. The objective of this study was to characterize the inflammatory response following coronary stent implantation (CSI) of stable atherosclerotic plaques, according to plaque morphology. METHODS The study population consisted of 62 patients with stable angina that had an elective indication of CSI. Immediately before CSI, the patients underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for determination of the predominant plaque morphology of the target lesion: calcified (C, n=15), fibrocalcified (FC, n=16), fibrolipidic (FL, n=16), or lipidic (L, n=15). Angiographic lesion types were also determined. Coronary sinus samples were collected at baseline (BL) and 15 min after CSI for measuring inflammatory mediators (IM): interleukin-6 (IL-6, in pg/ml), tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF, in pg/ml), interferon-gamma (IFN, in IU/ml), and neopterin (N, in ng/ml). RESULTS BL IL-6, TNF, IFN, and N were, respectively, for C plaques (mean+/-S.D.): 1.3+/-3.0, 8.0+/-3.5, 0.1+/-0.2, and 3.2+/-0.8; for FC plaques: 6.7+/-3.3, 1.9+/-2.0, 0.1+/-0.1, and 3.8+/-2.0; for FL plaques: 0.7+/-0.9, 8.7+/-4.3, 0.1+/-0.2, and 4.0+/-2.4; and, for L plaques: 1.9+/-2.8, 0.9+/-1.4, 0.0+/-0.1, and 5.2+/-3.3. After 15 min of CSI, percentual changes of IL-6, TNF, IFN, and N, respectively, were for C plaques: 43.8+/-19.6%, 7.7+/-5.5%, -7.5+/-5.3%, and -20.0+/-11.2%; for FC plaques: 7.7+/-5.5%, 168.4+/-56.9%, 311.1+/-159.9%, and 0%; for FL plaques: 147.5+/-16.1%*, 714.3+/-34.4%*, 116.1+/-9.9%*, and 3000.0+/-230.0%*; and, for L plaques: 147.7+/-14.4%*, 140.3+/-15.0%*, 131.6+/-11.9%*, and 2300.0+/-25.9%*. Moreover, B1 (n=28) and B2 (n=32) predominated and resulted in significant changes only for IL-6 and IFN, respectively. *P<0.05: 15 min vs BL. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that stable angina patients with predominant lipidic (L and FL) plaques present a greater inflammatory response after CSI in than those with predominant calcified (C and FC) plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos V Serrano
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, Medical School, Brazil.
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Kalani R, Judge S, Carter C, Pahor M, Leeuwenburgh C. Effects of Caloric Restriction and Exercise on Age-Related, Chronic Inflammation Assessed by C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61:211-7. [PMID: 16567369 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/61.3.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with the aging process and numerous age-related pathologies. We evaluated the effects of age, caloric restriction (CR), and exercise on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6, and total antioxidant capacity in Fisher 344 rats. The inflammatory markers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), while total antioxidant potential was determined by a spectrophotometric method. An increase in circulating levels of CRP with age was attenuated with long-term 40% CR; short-term 40% CR in young animals also reduced CRP concentration compared to age-matched controls. Lifelong exercise with 8% CR showed a marked decrease in CRP levels compared to 8% CR controls and an even greater reduction compared to ad libitum-fed rats. Plasma interleukin-6 levels remained unchanged with age, CR, and exercise, whereas inflammation levels showed an inverse association with plasma antioxidant status. These studies highlight the anti-inflammatory effects of CR and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Kalani
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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de Boer OJ, Teeling P, Idu MM, Becker AE, van der Wal AC. Epstein Barr virus specific T-cells generated from unstable human atherosclerotic lesions: Implications for plaque inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2006; 184:322-9. [PMID: 15941569 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2004] [Revised: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T-cell activation is an essential feature of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, which eventually may lead to plaque rupture. In this study, we investigated if EBV, a common herpes virus, is capable of stimulating atherosclerotic plaque derived T-cells and thus could contribute to atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. METHODS Plaque derived T-cell cultures were established from symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques of 19 patients. B-cells from the same patients were transformed with EBV to form lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL) that served as antigen presenting cells. The proliferation of T-cells in the presence of autologous B-LCL was analyzed using 3H-thymidine incorporation. The presence of EBV in atherosclerotic material was analyzed by PCR. RESULTS Of the 19 cell obtained T-cell cultures, 11 responded to EBV (58%, mean stimulation index: 10.1+/-3.1). PCR analysis showed that EBV DNA was present in 15 of the tissue samples (79%). All the specimens that contained EBV responding T-cells also contained EBV. EBV specific T-cells secreted granzymes, as indication of functional cytotoxic potential. CONCLUSIONS EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cells and EBV DNA can be frequently observed in human atherosclerotic plaques. This suggests that a T-cell response against EBV could contribute to plaque inflammation, and thus to the onset of acute clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bobryshev YV, Lord RSA, Tran D. Chlamydia pneumoniae in foci of "early" calcification of the tunica media in arteriosclerotic arteries: an incidental presence? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 290:H1510-9. [PMID: 16272196 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01055.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Only a few previous works investigated the involvement of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Chlamydophila pneumoniae) in arterial calcification. The present study investigated a possible association between C. pneumoniae and medial calcification. Carotid artery segments obtained by endarterectomy from 60 patients were examined by PCR and immunohistochemistry to identify the presence of C. pneumoniae. Arterial specimens showing double-positive (n = 17), double-negative (n = 22), and single-positive results (n = 21) were further analyzed by a combination of histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Medial calcification occurred in 10 of 17 (58.8%) C. pneumoniae double-positive arterial specimens, but no medial calcification was observed in any of 22 C. pneumoniae double-negative arterial specimens. Electron microscopy indicated C. pneumoniae in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in foci of medial calcification. Medial SMCs showing damage to the cytoplasm and basement membrane contained the structures with the appearance of elementary, reticulate, and aberrant bodies of C. pneumoniae. The presence of C. pneumoniae in SMCs was confirmed by electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry. In the extracellular matrix, calcification was observed in C. pneumoniae aberrant bodies that exited the SMCs. The findings offer a new hypothesis of arterial calcification: they suggest that C. pneumoniae infection of medial SMCs may be associated with the pathophysiological events of arteriosclerotic calcification of the tunica media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Bobryshev
- Surgical Professorial Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Although clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease occur in adult life, the initial stages of its development commence in childhood. Therefore, elucidating the pathogenesis of early atherosclerosis and identifying the network of risk factors have become fundamental priorities for both cardiovascular healthcare providers and scientists. There is mounting evidence from both human studies and animal experiments that infectious pathogens could be implicated in atherosclerosis development. The vulnerability of the arterial wall to the adverse effects of infection is probably augmented when additional risk factors and/or certain proatherogenic genetic profiles are also present. The precise mechanisms whereby infection, alone or in synergy with conventional cardiovascular risk factors, could contribute to atherosclerosis are not fully understood. CONCLUSION Injury to the vascular endothelium, which could be elicited by infection through inflammatory, metabolic, autoimmune, and pathogen-related mechanisms, might be a central link between infection and early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru Liuba
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden.
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Yamamoto H, Watanabe T, Miyazaki A, Katagiri T, Idei T, Iguchi T, Mimura M, Kamijima K. High prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and increased high-sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with vascular dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53:583-9. [PMID: 15817002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relationships between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, carotid atherosclerosis, and dyslipidemia in patients with vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). DESIGN Case control study. SETTING Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. PARTICIPANTS One hundred twenty-four elderly subjects: 31 with VaD, 61 with AD, and 32 age-matched controls without dementia. MEASUREMENTS Presence of antibodies to C. pneumoniae (immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA), the serum concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and atherogenic lipoproteins, and the carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques were determined. RESULTS Age; body mass index; systolic and diastolic blood pressures; and fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A(1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I, B, and E concentrations did not differ significantly between the three groups, but the mean IMT and frequency of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries, as well as the serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a), and lipid peroxides were significantly greater in VaD patients than in AD patients or nondemented controls. Hs-CRP concentrations and prevalence of C. pneumoniae IgG and IgA antibodies also were significantly higher in VaD patients than in AD patients and nondemented controls. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that carotid IMT and plaques, LDL-C, lipid peroxides, hs-CRP, and IgG and IgA C. pneumoniae seropositivity were independent risk factors for VaD. CONCLUSION These results suggest that carotid atherosclerosis, atherogenic lipoproteins, and C. pneumoniae infection (as documented by the IgG and IgA seropositivity together with increased hs-CRP) may be VaD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Tsukamoto H, Hishinuma T, Tayama R, Narahara K, Suzuki N, Tomioka Y, Goto J. The induction of prostaglandin E synthase and upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by 9-cis retinoic acid. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2005; 74:61-74. [PMID: 15560116 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
9-cis Retinoic acid (9cRA) is a promising lead compound to design the retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligands with the ability to simultaneously activate RXR heterodimers with the selectivity to their nuclear receptor partners. In this study, we investigated the effects of 9cRA on the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production. 9cRA increased the PGE2 and TXA2 productions in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All-trans retinoic acid, the retinoic acid receptor ligand, also increased their production. We revealed that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 was clearly induced by 9cRA in the presence of LPS. The induction was not suppressed by indomethacin, which completely inhibited the increase in the LPS-stimulated prostanoid production by 9cRA. The expression levels of the toll-like receptor 4 and CD14, which were components of the LPS receptor complex, were increased by 9cRA in the presence and absence of LPS. PGE synthase was also clearly increased by 9cRA in the presence and absence of LPS. In this study, we noted that 9cRA increased the production of PGE2 and TXA2 by the induction of COX-2 and PGE synthase in the presence of LPS. The induction of the LPS receptor complex by 9cRA is able to upregulate the induction of COX-2 by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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Mauriello A, Sangiorgi G, Fratoni S, Palmieri G, Bonanno E, Anemona L, Schwartz RS, Spagnoli LG. Diffuse and Active Inflammation Occurs in Both Vulnerable and Stable Plaques of the Entire Coronary Tree. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45:1585-93. [PMID: 15893171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to define and compare geographic coronary artery inflammation in patients who were dying of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), chronic stable angina (SA), and noncardiac causes (CTRL). BACKGROUND Biochemical markers and flow cytometry provide indirect evidence of diffuse coronary inflammation in patients dying of acute coronary syndromes. Yet no histopathologic studies have corroborated these findings. A key unanswered question is whether the inflammatory burden involves the entire coronary tree or is limited to a few plaques. METHODS We examined 544 coronary artery segments from 16 patients with AMI, 109 segments from 5 patients with SA, and 304 coronary segments from 9 patients with CTRL. RESULTS An average of 6.8 +/- 0.5 vulnerable segments per patient were found in the AMI group (in addition to culprit lesions) compared with an average of 0.8 +/- 0.3 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 vulnerable lesions/patient in the SA and CTRL groups, respectively. The AMI group, independent of the type of plaque observed, showed significantly more inflammatory infiltrates compared with the SA and CTRL groups (121.6 +/- 12.4 cell x mm2 vs. 37.3 +/- 11.9 cell x mm2 vs. 26.6 +/- 6.8 cell x mm2, p = 0.0001). In AMI patients, active inflammation was not only evident within the culprit lesion and vulnerable plaques but also involved stable plaques. These showed a three- to four-fold higher inflammation than vulnerable and stable plaques from the SA and CTRL groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This histopathologic study found that both vulnerable and stable coronary plaques of patients dying of AMI are diffusely infiltrated by inflammatory cells.
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Abstract
Worldwide, more people die of the complications of atherosclerosis than of any other cause. It is not surprising, therefore, that enormous resources have been devoted to studying the pathogenesis of this condition. This article attempts to summarize present knowledge on the events that take place within the arterial wall during atherogenesis. Classical risk factors are not dealt with as they are the subjects of other parts of this book. First, we deal with the role of endothelial dysfunction and infection in initiating the atherosclerotic lesion. Then we describe the development of the lesion itself, with particular emphasis on the cell types involved and the interactions between them. The next section of the chapter deals with the events leading to thrombotic occlusion of the atherosclerotic vessel, the cause of heart attack and stroke. Finally, we describe the advantages--and limitations--of current animal models as they contribute to our understanding of atherosclerosis and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cullen
- Institute of Arteriosclerosis Research, Münster, Germany.
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Stoll LL, Denning GM, Weintraub NL. Potential Role of Endotoxin as a Proinflammatory Mediator of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:2227-36. [PMID: 15472123 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000147534.69062.dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is increasingly recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease. Although a variety of inflammatory markers (ie, C-reactive protein) have been associated with atherosclerosis and its consequences, it is important to identify principal mediators of the inflammatory responses. One potentially important source of vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis is bacterial endotoxin. Mutations in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), an integral component of the endotoxin signaling complex, are fairly common in the Caucasian population and have recently been associated with reduced incidence of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases in some studies. Moreover, epidemiological studies suggest that endotoxemia at levels as low as 50 pg/mL constitutes a strong risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Endotoxin concentrations in this range may be produced by a variety of common subclinical Gram-negative infections. In this article, we outline the main elements of the endotoxin signaling receptor complex that initiates proinflammatory signaling (lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP], CD14, TLR-4, and MD-2) and discuss how changes in expression of these molecules may affect proatherogenic responses in the vessel wall. We also describe some of the proinflammatory effects of endotoxin that may be relevant to atherosclerosis, and discuss how serum lipoproteins, especially high-density lipoprotein, may modulate endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses. Further, we discuss recent findings suggesting that the lipid-lowering statins may have an additional protective role in blocking at least some of these proinflammatory signaling pathways. Finally, we discuss species diversity with regard to endotoxin signaling that should be considered when extrapolating experimental data from animal models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn L Stoll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Iowa, Iowa City and The VA Medical Center, IA 52242, USA.
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Bobryshev YV, Cao W, Phoon MC, Tran D, Chow VTK, Lord RSA, Lu J. Detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in dendritic cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 2004; 173:185-95. [PMID: 15064091 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Revised: 11/27/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) populate atherosclerotic lesions and might be involved in the regulation of immune reactions in atherosclerosis. The present work was undertaken to examine a possible association of DCs with Chlamydophila pneumoniae in human atherosclerotic plaques obtained by endarterectomy. C. pneumoniae was identified in 17 of 60 (28%) atherosclerotic plaques by a combination of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Double immunohistochemistry identified the presence of C. pneumoniae within S100(+) DCs that were localised predominantly in the deep layer of the intima under the necrotic core. Quantitative analysis showed that there were no differences in the numbers of DCs between C. pneumoniae(+) and C. pneumoniae(-) groups of atherosclerotic specimens. There were also no differences in the expression of Lag-antigen and HLA-DR by DCs between the groups of specimens. Markers of DC activation CD80 and CD86 were absent from both groups of specimens. Flow cytometry analysis of the effects of C. pneumoniae infection on immature monocyte-derived DCs in vitro showed no changes in the expression of CD1a, MHC class II, CD80 and CD86. The results of this study demonstrate that C. pneumoniae might infect DCs within the atherosclerotic intima but whether the presence of C. pneumoniae in DCs affects the intensity of immune reactions in atherosclerosis needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Bobryshev
- Surgical Professional Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Kinoshita J. Pathogens as a cause of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 2004; 25:639-40. [PMID: 15172742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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