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Abo-El Fetoh ME, Abdel-Fattah MM, Mohamed WR, Ramadan LAA, Afify H. Cyclooxygenase-2 activates EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway via PGE2-mediated ADAM-17 signaling in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:499-516. [PMID: 36586043 PMCID: PMC9958186 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Prostatic inflammation is the driving force in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This work investigated the potential modulatory effect of COX-2 inhibition on ADAM-17/EGFR/ERK1/2 axis. MATERIALS OR SUBJECTS Adult male Wistar rats were used. TREATMENT Celecoxib (10 and 20 mg/kg; i.p.) was injected i.p. daily for three weeks. Testosterone (TST) (3 mg/kg; s.c.) was used to induce BPH. METHODS Prostatic inflammation and hyperplasia were assessed by organ weight and histopathology. Inflammatory mediators were measured using ELISA technique. Protein analysis was performed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Gene expression analysis was performed using qRT-PCR. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Testosterone-treated rats had a marked increase in COX-2, prostate weight, and index. Moreover, TST-induced COX-2 was inferred from cytoskeletal changes and was attributable to the overexpression of PGE2, NF-κB (p65), and IL-6. COX-2-derived PGE2 increased the activity of ADAM-17, TGF-α, and TNF-α. Consequently, EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway was over-activated, disrupting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and pro-apoptotic Bax. Celecoxib reversed these effects. CONCLUSION COX-2 stimulates the ERK1/2 pathway via PGE2-ADAM-17-catalyzed shedding of TGF-α in testosterone-induced BPH. The results indicate a functional correlation between inflammation and hyperplasia in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E. Abo-El Fetoh
- grid.442695.80000 0004 6073 9704Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M. Abdel-Fattah
- grid.411662.60000 0004 0412 4932Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514 Egypt
| | - Wafaa R. Mohamed
- grid.411662.60000 0004 0412 4932Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514 Egypt
| | - Laila A. A. Ramadan
- grid.442695.80000 0004 6073 9704Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Saylam B, Efesoy O, Bozdoğan Arpacı R, Tiftik RN, Tek M, Büyükafşar K, Bozlu M, Çayan S. The effect of testosterone replacement therapy on bladder functions, histology, apoptosis, and Rho-kinase expression in bladder outlet obstruction and hypogonadism rat model. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1491-1499. [PMID: 33387987 PMCID: PMC8326749 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The effect of testosterone replacement therapy was investigated on bladder functions, histology, apoptosis as well as Rho-kinase expression in the rat bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and hypogonadism models. Materials and methods 30 mature male rats divided into 4 groups: sham group (n = 8), BOO group (n = 8), BOO + orchiectomy group (n = 7), BOO + orchiectomy + testosterone (T) treatment group (n = 7). Cystometric findings, apoptosis index, Rho-kinase (ROCK-2) expression, and smooth muscle/collagen ratio were compared. Results BOO did not change ROCK-2 expression level, compared to sham group (P > 0.05). However, when compared to BOO group (P < 0.01), BOO + orchiectomy led ROCK-2 increase. The testosterone treatment failed to reverse the up-regulation of ROCK-2 induced by orchiectomy although it tended to lower ROCK-2 level. Compared to sham group (P = 0.002), changes in maximal bladder capacity and leak point pressure were higher (P = 0.026, P = 0.001), and bladder compliance was lower in BOO group. Also, the apoptosis index was different between the two groups (P = 0.380). Smooth muscle/collagen ratio was higher in BOO + orchiectomy + T group than in BOO + orchiectomy group (P = 0.010). Conclusions The research draws attention to alternating treatment approaches in case of the presence of hypogonadism and BOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Saylam
- Department of Urology, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ozan Efesoy
- Department of Urology, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Rukiye Nalan Tiftik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mesut Tek
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kansu Büyükafşar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Murat Bozlu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Selahittin Çayan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Miao L, Yun X, Yang X, Jia S, Jiao C, Shao R, Hao J, Chang Y, Fan G, Zhang J, Geng Q, Wichai N, Gao X. An inhibitory effect of Berberine from herbal Coptis chinensis Franch on rat detrusor contraction in benign prostatic hyperplasia associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113666. [PMID: 33301912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coptis chinensis Franch (CCF), also known as Huang Lian in China, is a traditional Chinese medicine that commonly used for more than 2000 years. Clinically, CCF often used as anti-inflammatory, immune regulation and other effects. It has been reported that the decoction containing CCF can be used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). AIM OF THE STUDY This research aims to investigate the effect of CCF on inhibition of BPH development in vivo and in vitro, and further identify the active compound (s) and the possible mechanism involved in BPH-related bladder dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oestrodial/testosterone-induced BPH rat model was established as the in vivo model. The prostate index (PI) was calculated, the pathogenesis was analyzed and the micturition parameters were determined in the shamed-operated, BPH model and BPH + CCF groups after 4-week administration. The tension in detrusor strips was then assessed upon KCl or ACh stimulation with or without incubation of CCF or active compounds. To further investigate the signaling involved, rat detrusor cells were cultured as the in vitro models, the instantaneous calcium influx was measured and the ROCK-1 expression was detected. RESULTS Increased PI value and the aggravated prostatic pathology were observed with voiding dysfunction in BPH rats, which were significantly blocked by oral CCF taken. ACh or KCl-induced contractile responses in detrusor strips were significantly inhibited and the micturition parameters were improved when incubation with CCF or its active compounds such as berberine. Both CCF and berberine suppressed the cellular calcium influx and ROCK-1 expression upon ACh stimulation, demonstrating that berberine was one of the active compounds that contributed to CCF-improved micturition symptoms and function. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings give evidence that CCF and its active compound berberine inhibited BPH and bladder dysfunction via Ca2+ and ROCK signaling, supporting their clinical use for BPH and BPH-related LUTS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Miao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xiaoting Yun
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sitong Jia
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chanyuan Jiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Rui Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jia Hao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yanxu Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, And Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education (J.Z.), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiang Geng
- Department of Andrology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Nuttapong Wichai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formula, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Jin BR, Kim HJ, Park SK, Kim MS, Lee KH, Yoon IJ, An HJ. Anti-Proliferative Effects of HBX-5 on Progression of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102638. [PMID: 30322186 PMCID: PMC6222778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an age-dependent disorder with a prevalence percentage of 60% in the 60s, has been found to involve an androgenic hormone imbalance that causes confusion between cell apoptosis and proliferation. Because general medications for BPH treatment have undesirable side effects, the development of effective alternative medicines has been considered. HBX-5 is a newly developed formula with the aim of improving BPH, and is composed of nine medicinal herbs. BPH was induced in the rats by intramuscular injection of testosterone propionate after castration. Rats were divided into six groups, and the efficacy of HBX-5 on testosterone-induced BPH in rats was estimated. In addition, RWPE-1 and WPMY-1 cells were used to demonstrate the effect of HBX-5 on BPH in vitro model. Compared with the control group, HBX-5 administration group suppressed BPH manifestations, such as excessive development of prostate, and increase of serum dihydrotestosterone and 5α-reductase concentrations. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that HBX-5 significantly decreased the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In addition, results of RWPE-1 and WPMY-1 cells showed that HBX-5 inhibited the over-expression of AR and PSA in DHT-induced prostate hyperplastic microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea.
| | - Sang-Kyun Park
- Department of Meridian & Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea.
| | - Myoung-Seok Kim
- Central Research Institue of Hawon Pharmaceutical, Jangheung 59338, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Ho Lee
- Central Research Institue of Hawon Pharmaceutical, Jangheung 59338, Korea.
| | - Il-Joo Yoon
- Central Research Institue of Hawon Pharmaceutical, Jangheung 59338, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea.
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Traish AM, Johansen V. Impact of Testosterone Deficiency and Testosterone Therapy on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men with Metabolic Syndrome. World J Mens Health 2018; 36:199-222. [PMID: 30079638 PMCID: PMC6119850 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract function is modulated by neural, vascular and urethral and bladder structural elements. The pathophysiological mechanisms of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) encompass prostate enlargement, alterations in urethra histological structure bladder fibrosis and alterations in pelvic neuronal and vascular networks, The complex pathophysiological relationship between testosterone (T) deficiency (TD) and the constellations LUTS, and metabolic dysfunction manifested in the metabolic syndrome (Met S) remains poorly understood. TD has emerged as one the potential targets by which Met S may contribute to the onset and development as well as worsening of LUTS. Because it has been recognized that treatment of men with Met S with T therapy ameliorates Met S components, it is postulated that T therapy may represent a therapeutic target in improving LUTS. Furthermore, the effect of TD on the prostate remains unclear, and often debatable. It is believed that T exclusively promotes prostate growth, however recent evidence has strongly contradicted this belief. The true relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia, TD, and LUTS remains elusive and further research will be required to clarify the role of T in both benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and LUTS as a whole. Although there is conflicting evidence about the benefits of T therapy in men with BPH and LUTS, the current body of literature supports the safety of using this therapy in men with enlarged prostate. As the population afflicted with obesity epidemic continues to age, the number of men suffering from Met S and LUTS together is expected to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmaged M Traish
- Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vanessa Johansen
- Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Jeh SU, Yoon S, Seo DH, Lee SW, Lee C, Choi SM, Kam SC, Hwa JS, Chung KH, Hyun JS. Relationship between serum testosterone and nocturia in men without benign prostate enlargement. Andrology 2016; 5:58-62. [PMID: 27636882 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on the relationship between nocturia and serum testosterone because testosterone is thought to be an important factor of prostate growth. However, it remains unclear whether altered serum concentrations of testosterone is associated with an increased risk of nocturia because patients who were taking diuretics or who had a large prostate, which may precipitate nocturia, were not excluded from most previous studies. We analyzed the clinical records of 596 non-benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) male patients to explore the relationship between serum total testosterone and nocturia. All patients were evaluated using a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay, measurement of serum total testosterone, transrectal ultrasonography, uroflowmetry, and a compilation of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaires. Nocturia was defined as ≥2 nocturnal voiding episodes. The number of nocturia episodes was assessed using IPSS question 7. To evaluate the effect of serum testosterone on nocturia, multivariate regression analysis was performed including the covariates of age, IPSS, IIEF score, body mass index, PSA, prostate volume, and maximal urine flow rate. Based on multivariate linear analysis, serum testosterone level was not significantly associated with the severity of nocturia. However, with regard to the relationship between prevalence of nocturia and serum testosterone, prevalence of nocturia was significantly positively associated with age (OR = 1.048, p = 0.005), total IPSS (OR = 1.217, p < 0.001), and testosterone level (OR = 1.150, p = 0.041). Therefore, in men without an enlarged prostate, testosterone may play an opposing role in the etiology of nocturia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Jeh
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - S Yoon
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - D H Seo
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - C Lee
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - S M Choi
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - S C Kam
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - J S Hwa
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - K H Chung
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - J S Hyun
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Cheng CL, de Groat WC. Effect of orchiectomy and testosterone replacement on lower urinary tract function in anesthetized rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F864-F870. [PMID: 27534993 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00016.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms (LUTS), including frequency, urgency, incomplete voiding, and slow stream, are common in both men and women with advancing age. The most common cause for LUTS in aging men is benign prostatic hyperplasia. Some studies have also revealed an inverse association of serum testosterone levels with LUTS; however, the underlying mechanisms by which gonadal hormones affect the LUT have not been clarified. In the present study, we examined the effect of orchiectomy and testosterone replacement on LUT function in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Six weeks after bilateral orchiectomy or sham operations and 3 wk after injection of long-acting testosterone undecanoate (100 mg/kg im), transvesical cystometry and external urethral sphincter electromyogram (EUS EMG) recordings were performed under urethane anesthesia. The micturition reflex was elicited in both sham and orchiectomized animals. In orchiectomized rats, volume threshold for inducing micturition decreased by 47.6%; however, contraction amplitude, duration, and voiding efficiency were similar in sham and orchiectomized rats. The active period during EUS EMG bursting was lengthened during micturition in orchiectomized animals. Testosterone treatment, which normalized plasma testosterone levels, reversed these changes but also increased the duration of EUS EMG bursting. Orchiectomy also reduced mean voiding flow rate estimated from the duration of EUS EMG bursting, an effect that was not reversed by testosterone. The results indicate that orchiectomy affects both the active and passive properties of the bladder and urethra, and that many, but not all, of the changes can be reversed by testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Li Cheng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; and
| | - William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Silodosin and tadalafil have synergistic inhibitory effects on nerve-mediated contractions of human and rat isolated prostates. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Carbajal D, Arruzazabala MDL, Rosa M, Molina V, Rodríguez E, González V. Effects of D-004, a lipid extract from Cuban royal palm fruit, on inhibiting prostatic hypertrophy induced with testosterone or dihydrotestosterone in a rat model: A randomized, controlled study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2014; 65:505-14. [PMID: 24672102 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2005.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hypertrophy is the nonmalignant, uncontrolled growth of prostatic epithelial cells and stroma that, left untreated, may lead to difficult urination and other complications. A common treatment of BPH is lipid extract from saw palmetto fruit, and lipid extract from Cuban Royal palm (a palm of the same family) fruit is being studied for this use. One study found that the latter, D-004, at 100 to 400 mg/kg daily prevented prostatic hypertrophy (PH) induced with testosterone (T) in a rat model. OBJECTIVES This study comprised 2 experiments in a rat model. The first assessed the effects of different doses of D-004 on T-induced PH; the second investigated the effects of D-004 on PH induced with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). METHODS In experiment 1, rats were distributed in 6 groups of 10 rats each. One group received an SC injection of soy oil and oral treatment with Tween 65/water vehicle (negative control). The other 5 groups received an SC injection of T 3 mg/kg daily and oral treatment with vehicle (positive control) or D-004 at 50, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg daily suspended in vehicle. In experiment 2, rats were distributed in 3 groups of 10 rats each. A negative control group received treatment as in experiment 1. Positive controls received an SC injection of DHT 1.5 mg/kg and vehicle orally. The third group received an SC injection of DHT and oral treatment with D-004 at 800 mg/kg suspended in vehicle. All treatments were given for 14 days. At sacrifice, prostates were removed and weighed. Mean prostatic weights and prostatic/body weight ratios were calculated. RESULTS In experiment 1, in the groups receiving D-004 at 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg daily, prostatic weight was significantly lower compared with the positive control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively); this effect was not seen in the group receiving 50 mg/kg daily. In the groups receiving D-004 at 400 and 800 mg/kg daily, prostatic/body weight ratio was significantly lower compared with positive controls (both, P < 0.05); this effect was not seen in the groups receiving 50 or 200 mg/kg daily. In experiment 2, prostatic weight and prostatic/body weight ratio in the group receiving D-004 were similar to those of positive controls. Body weight was not affected in any of the groups receiving D-004. CONCLUSIONS This study of rats with T- or DHT-induced PH suggests that D-004 at 200 to 800 mg/kg daily administered orally prevents T-induced PH, and that D-004 at 800 mg/kg daily does not prevent DHT-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Carbajal
- Centre of Natural Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Más Rosa
- Centre of Natural Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Vivian Molina
- Centre of Natural Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez
- Centre of Natural Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
| | - Victor González
- Centre of Natural Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba
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Minutoli L, Altavilla D, Marini H, Rinaldi M, Irrera N, Pizzino G, Bitto A, Arena S, Cimino S, Squadrito F, Russo GI, Morgia G. Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins in experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia: effects of serenoa repens, selenium and lycopene. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:19. [PMID: 24606563 PMCID: PMC3995880 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The apoptosis machinery is a promising target against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) modulate apoptosis by direct inhibition of caspases. Serenoa Repens (SeR) may be combined with other natural compounds such as Lycopene (Ly) and Selenium (Se) to maximize its therapeutic activity in BPH. We investigated the effects of SeR, Se and Ly, alone or in association, on the expression of four IAPs, cIAP-1, cIAP-2, NAIP and survivin in rats with experimental testosterone-dependent BPH. Moreover, caspase-3, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been evaluated. Rats were administered, daily, with testosterone propionate (3 mg/kg/sc) or its vehicle for 14 days. Testosterone injected animals (BPH) were randomized to receive vehicle, SeR (25 mg/kg/sc), Se (3 mg/kg/sc), Ly (1 mg/kg/sc) or the SeR-Se-Ly association for 14 days. Animals were sacrificed and prostate removed for analysis. Results BPH animals treated with vehicle showed unchanged expression of cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 and increased expression of NAIP, survivin, caspase-3, IL-6 and PSMA levels when compared with sham animals. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the enhanced expression of NAIP and survivin with a characteristic pattern of cellular localization. SeR-Se-Ly association showed the highest efficacy in reawakening apoptosis; additionally, this therapeutic cocktail significantly reduced IL-6 and PSMA levels. The administration of SeR, Se and Ly significantly blunted prostate overweight and growth; moreover, the SeR-Se-Ly association was most effective in reducing prostate enlargement and growth by 43.3% in treated animals. Conclusions The results indicate that IAPs may represent interesting targets for drug therapy of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giorgio Ivan Russo
- Department of Urology, Polyclinic Hospital, University of Catania, Catania 95100, Italy.
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Altavilla D, Minutoli L, Polito F, Irrera N, Arena S, Magno C, Rinaldi M, Burnett BP, Squadrito F, Bitto A. Effects of flavocoxid, a dual inhibitor of COX and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes, on benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:95-108. [PMID: 22471974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammation plays a key role in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Eicosanoids derived from the COX and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathways are elevated in the enlarging prostate. Flavocoxid is a novel flavonoid-based 'dual inhibitor' of the COX and 5-LOX enzymes. This study evaluated the effects of flavocoxid in experimental BPH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were treated daily with testosterone propionate (3 mg·kg(-1) s.c.) or its vehicle for 14 days to induce BPH. Animals receiving testosterone were randomized to receive vehicle (1 mL·kg(-1) , i.p.) or flavocoxid (20 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) for 14 days. Histological changes, eicosanoid content and mRNA and protein levels for apoptosis-related proteins and growth factors were assayed in prostate tissue. The effects of flavocoxid were also tested on human prostate carcinoma PC3 cells. KEY RESULTS Flavocoxid reduced prostate weight and hyperplasia, blunted inducible expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX as well as the increased production of PGE(2) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4) ), enhanced pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-9 and decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA. Flavocoxid also reduced EGF and VEGF expression. In PC3 cells, flavocoxid stimulated apoptosis and inhibited growth factor expression. Flavocoxid-mediated induction of apoptosis was inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, in PC3 cells, suggesting an essential role of caspases in flavocoxid-mediated apoptosis during prostatic growth. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results show that a 'dual inhibitor' of the COX and 5-LOX enzymes, such as flavocoxid, might represent a rational approach to reduce BPH through modulation of eicosanoid production and a caspase-induced apoptotic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Altavilla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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12
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Oudot A, Oger S, Behr-Roussel D, Caisey S, Bernabé J, Alexandre L, Giuliano F. A new experimental rat model of erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: the testosterone-supplemented spontaneously hypertensive rat. BJU Int 2012; 110:1352-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Rick FG, Schally AV, Block NL, Halmos G, Perez R, Fernandez JB, Vidaurre I, Szalontay L. LHRH antagonist Cetrorelix reduces prostate size and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 2011; 71:736-47. [PMID: 20945403 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings suggest that BPH has an inflammatory component. Clinical trials have documented that therapy with LHRH antagonist Cetrorelix causes a marked and prolonged improvement in LUTS in men with symptomatic BPH. We investigated the mechanism of action and effect of Cetrorelix in a rat model of BPH. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were used. BPH was induced in rats by subcutaneous injections of TE 2 mg/day for 4 weeks. Control animals received injections of corn oil. After induction of BPH, rats received depot Cetrorelix pamoate at the doses of 0.625, 1.25, and 12.5 mg/kg on days 1 and 22 and TE-control rats received vehicle injections. Whole prostates were weighed and processed for RNA and protein. Real-time RT-PCR assays for numerous inflammatory cytokines and growth factors were performed. Quantitative analyses of prostatic LHRH receptor, LHRH, androgen receptor (AR) and 5α-reductase 2 were done by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting; serum DHT, LH, PSA, and IGF-1 by immunoassays. RESULTS mRNA levels for inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-15, and IL-17 and for growth factors EGF, FGF-2, FGF-7, FGF-8, FGF-14, TGF-β1, and VEGF-A were significantly reduced by Cetrorelix 0.625 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Prostate weights were also significantly lowered by any dose of Cetrorelix. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that Cetrorelix reduces various inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in rat prostate and, at doses which do not induce castration levels of testosterone, can lower prostate weights. Our findings shed light on the mechanism of action of LHRH antagonists in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc G Rick
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, Florida 33125, USA
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14
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Tek M, Ballı E, Çimen B, Efesoy O, Oğuz İ, Çayan S. The Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Bladder Functions and Histology in Orchiectomized Mature Male Rats. Urology 2010; 75:886-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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de Lourdes Arruzazabala M, Molina V, Más R, Carbajal D, Marrero D, González V, Rodríguez E. Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:995-9. [PMID: 17637195 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.7.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the benign uncontrolled growth of the prostate gland, leading to difficulty with urination. Saw palmetto lipid extracts (SPLE), used to treat BPH, have been shown to inhibit prostate 5α-reductase, and some major components, such as lauric, myristic and oleic acids also inhibit this enzyme. Coconut oil (CO) is also rich in fatty acids, mainly lauric and myristic acids. We investigated whether CO prevents testosterone-induced prostate hyperplasia (PH) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were distributed into seven groups (10 rats each). A negative control group were injected with soya oil; six groups were injected with testosterone (3 mg kg−1) to induce PH: a positive control group, and five groups treated orally with SPLE (400 mg kg−1), CO or sunflower oil (SO) (400 and 800 mg kg−1). Treatments were given for 14 days. Rats were weighed before treatment and weekly thereafter. Rats were then killed and the prostates were removed and weighed. CO (400 and 800 mg kg−1), SPLE (400 mg kg−1) and SO at 800 mg kg−1, but not at 400 mg kg−1, significantly reduced the increase in prostate weight (PW) and PW:body weight (BW) ratio induced by testosterone (% inhibition 61.5%, 82.0%, 43.8% and 28.2%, respectively). Since CO and SPLE, but not SO, contain appreciable concentrations of lauric and myristic acids, these results could be attributed to this fact. In conclusion, this study shows that CO reduced the increase of both PW and PW:BW ratio, markers of testosterone-induced PH in rats.
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Liu HP, Chen GL, Liu P, Xu XP. Amlodipine alone or combined with terazosin improves lower urinary tract disorder in rat models of benign prostatic hyperplasia or detrusor instability: focus on detrusor overactivity. BJU Int 2009; 104:1752-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Takao T, Tsujimura A, Nakayama J, Matsuoka Y, Miyagawa Y, Takada S, Nonomura N, Okuyama A. Lower urinary tract symptoms after hormone replacement therapy in Japanese patients with late-onset hypogonadism: a preliminary report. Int J Urol 2009; 16:212-4. [PMID: 19228226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2008.02202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is performed for the treatment for patients with late onset hypogonadism (LOH). One of the main concerns about HRT is the influence of lower urinary tract including prostate. This study examined whether HRT for Japanese patients of LOH affected lower urinary tract symptoms. A total of 21 patients with LOH were included in this study. Changes of International prostate symptom score (IPSS), IPSS quality of life (QOL) index and King's health questionnaire (KHQ), before HRT and 3 months after HRT, were evaluated. Statistical comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Total IPSS and QOL index were not significantly different from 7.43 +/- 6.56, 2.71 +/- 1.74 at baseline to 8.29 +/- 6.24, 2.91 +/- 1.13 after 3 months. There were no significant differences in any of the nine categories of KHQ. In this preliminary study, the results suggested that HRT for LOH had no short-term effects on patients with lower urinary symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Takao
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Juan YS, Onal B, Broadaway S, Cosgrove J, Leggett RE, Whitbeck C, De E, Sokol R, Levin RM. Effect of castration on male rabbit lower urinary tract tissue enzymes. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 301:227-33. [PMID: 17294138 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The influence of testosterone on the prostate and corpus cavernosum have been studied extensively. However, the influence of testosterone on the lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) have not been investigated to any great extent. The aim of this study was to determine whether androgen deprivation alters lower urinary tract metabolism. METHODS A total of 16 rabbits were divided into four groups of four rabbits each. Each rabbit in groups 1-3 underwent surgical bilateral castration for duration of 1, 2 , and 4 weeks, and group 4 underwent sham operations. Sections of bladder body and base wall and mucosa, urethra and corpora were isolated, frozen, and stored under liquid nitrogen. The activities of citrate synthase-thapsigargin sensitive Ca(2+) ATPase (Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca(2+ )ATPase [SERCA]), and choline acetyl-transferase were examined as markers for mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic reticular calcium storage and release, and cholinergic nerve function, respectively. RESULTS The activity of SR function indicator, Ca(2+) ATPase was significantly higher in the control corpora than in the control bladder or urethra. Castration resulted in decreased activity in the mitochondria specific enzyme, citrate synthase, the activity of which was greatest in the urethra and lowest in the corpora. Cholinergic nerve density indicator, choline acetyl-transferase activity was greatest in the bladder body and lowest in the urethra. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that (1) significant differences exist in the activities of all three enzymes in the various organs associated with the lower urinary tract; and (2) that castration results in significant alterations in the activities of all three enzymes in the bladder body, base, urethra, and corpora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Shun Juan
- Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Tatemichi S, Akiyama K, Kobayashi M, Yamazaki Y, Yokoyama O, Uruno T. A Selective α1A-Adrenoceptor Antagonist Inhibits Detrusor Overactivity in a Rat Model of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. J Urol 2006; 176:1236-41. [PMID: 16890732 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists relax the obstructed prostatic urethra and suppress the irritative symptoms frequently observed in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. We investigated the effects of 3 alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists on urodynamics in rats with hormone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia to determine which alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtype selective antagonists would suppress irritative symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were treated with testosterone and 17beta-estradiol by weekly intramuscular injections. After 4 weeks a pressure flow study was done and the effects of the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists KMD-3213 silodosin, tamsulosin and prazosin on urodynamics were compared. We especially investigated the involvement of the bladder and prostatic urethra to clarify the mechanism of detrusor overactivity expression. RESULTS Hormone treatment induced benign prostatic hyperplasia and resulted in detrusor overactivity, as determined by cystometry. Baseline perfusion urethral pressure and the phenylephrine induced increase in it were significantly higher in rats with vs without benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cystometry in hormone treated female rats did not show detrusor overactivity. KMD-3213 decreased detrusor overactivity, similar to other alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that an excessive response to sympathetic nerve stimulation, which is mainly mediated via alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor, in the hypertrophied prostate gives rise to detrusor overactivity. Furthermore, the alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor selective antagonist KMD-3213 would be suitable for improving irritative symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tatemichi
- Pharmacology Research R & D, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 4365-1 Kashiwabara, Hotaka, Azumino-City, Nagano Prefecture 399-8304, Japan.
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Streng TK, Talo A, Andersson KE, Santti R. A dose-dependent dual effect of oestrogen on voiding in the male mouse? BJU Int 2005; 96:1126-30. [PMID: 16225541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2005.05811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of different degrees of oestrogenization on male voiding, by treating adult castrated and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-maintained male mice with different doses of oestrogens, as exposure of male mice to excessive amounts of oestrogens can cause bladder outlet obstruction (BOO); in addition, male mice lacking oestrogen receptor (ER)alpha (ERKO) or ERbeta (BERKO) were studied to assess the importance of ER subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Castrated, DHT-maintained adult mice were treated with 17beta-oestradiol (E(2); 50 and 250 microg/kg) or oestrone (E(1); 5, 50 and 500 microg/kg) daily for 10 days. Control mice were treated only with the vehicle. BERKO and ERKO mice, and their wild-type littermates used as their controls, remained untreated. Under anaesthesia, the bladder and distal urethra were exposed to record simultaneously the bladder pressure and urinary flow rate from the distal urethra. RESULTS E(2)-treated mice showed obstructive voiding, seen as increased bladder pressure, decreased average flow rate and prolonged micturition time. This was also evident when a high dose (500 microg/kg) of E(1) was used. After treatment with a dose of 50 microg/kg, the urodynamic variables were similar to those in the control mice. Surprisingly, after treatment with a low dose (5 microg/kg) all urodynamic variables improved. There was a minor increase in the bladder pressure in BERKO mice; ERKO mice had a significantly lower urinary flow rate. CONCLUSIONS High doses of oestrogens caused BOO in castrated, DHT-maintained male mice. A small dose of E(1) had a positive effect on voiding, suggesting that oestrogens are needed for normal male voiding. Reduced urinary flow rates in ERKO mice suggest that oestrogen effects on voiding are mediated at least partly via ERalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi K Streng
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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21
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Yokota T, Honda K, Tsuruya Y, Nomiya M, Yamaguchi O, Gotanda K, Constantinou CE. Functional and anatomical effects of hormonally induced experimental prostate growth: a urodynamic model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the beagle. Prostate 2004; 58:156-63. [PMID: 14716740 DOI: 10.1002/pros.10318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) produces a variety of changes in the urodynamic pattern of micturition and is usually associated with high detrusor voiding pressure and poor urine flow-rate. In most previous experimental models, designed to simulate this condition, some degree of obstruction is immediately imposed by the technique employed to produce urethral occlusion. Consequently these models cannot reproduce the gradual onset of obstruction. In the present study a canine prostatic enlargement model, using 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) + 17beta-estradiol (E) was adapted in order to produce a more gradual onset of partial obstruction and impaired voiding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hormonally induced prostatic enlargement was produced using seven beagles, given DHT 75 mg/day together with E 0.75 mg/day for 28 days via an implantable pump. The functional effects of DHT + E treatment on micturition pressure/flow were measured in the conscious animal. Identical measurements were also made using a separate older group of five beagles with symptoms of BPH. In addition seven beagles similarly instrumented were used as controls. RESULTS Pressure/flow studies show that DHT + E produced obstructive micturition, characterized by a significantly increased micturition detrusor pressure, from 33.3 +/- 10.5 to 50.8 +/- 10.7 cmH(2)O and significantly decreased low urine flow-rate from 8.6 +/- 2.1 to 6.9 +/- 0.9 ml/sec. Associated with the obstructive micturition, this treatment increased wet prostate weight from 11.9 +/- 2.5 to 31.6 +/- 10.0 g. Prostate volume of the BPH beagles was 29.3 +/- 8.9 g. Morphologic studies show that DHT + E produced epithelial hyperplasia extending focally into the lumen. CONCLUSIONS Hormonally induced prostate growth produced bladder obstruction, in terms of pressure/flow characteristics, that are analogous to BPH. It is suggested that this type of hormonal treatment can be used to create a model for the study of the effects of controlled increased in prostate growth and the development of BPH on micturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yokota
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical School, Fukushima, Japan
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Yoshimura Y, Yamaguchi O, Bellamy F, Constantinou CE. Effect of Pygeum africanum tadenan on micturition and prostate growth of the rat secondary to coadministered treatment and post-treatment with dihydrotestosterone. Urology 2003; 61:474-8. [PMID: 12597984 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pretreatment with oral tadenan (TAD) has been shown to possess a protective effect on bladder dysfunction-induced obstruction. We evaluated the functional influence of cotreatment and post-treatment with oral TAD on the frequency/volume characteristics of micturition of conscious rats stimulated with exogenous dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to induce experimental prostate growth. METHODS Studies were done on 36 adult Sprague-Dawley male rats, treated daily for 6 weeks and grouped as follows: group 1, sesame oil during weeks 1 and 2, peanut oil during weeks 3 to 6; group 2, DHT (1.25 mg/kg subcutaneously) dissolved in sesame oil as vehicle during weeks 1 and 2 and peanut oil during weeks 3 to 6; group 3, DHT (1.25 mg/kg subcutaneously) dissolved in sesame oil as vehicle and TAD (100 mg/kg orally) in peanut oil during weeks 1 and 2 and TAD during weeks 3 to 6; and group 4, DHT in sesame oil during weeks 1 and 2 and TAD in peanut oil during weeks 3 to 6. The characteristics of frequency/volume were monitored biweekly and at the sixth week. RESULTS Controls showed no significant changes from baseline values in volume or frequency during the entire study period. DHT treatment produced a significant increase in frequency (1.9 +/- 0.3 to 3.0 +/- 0.4/hr) and a significant decrease in volume (1.8 +/- 0.3 to 1.2 +/- 0.1 mL). In groups 3 and 4, no significant changes occurred in frequency or volume. By the sixth week of observation, the effects of DHT treatment decreased to control values in all groups. A significant increase in prostatic weight (1191 +/- 11 to 1434 +/- 17 mg/kg) was produced by DHT treatment and TAD cotreatment suppressed growth to 1390 +/- 8.4 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS TAD cotreatment or post-treatment suppressed the effects of DHT on micturition, and TAD cotreatment regressed a developing increase in prostatic weight. Post-treatment TAD administration did not reduce already established growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosh Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Gauthaman K, Adaikan PG, Prasad RNV. Aphrodisiac properties of Tribulus Terrestris extract (Protodioscin) in normal and castrated rats. Life Sci 2002; 71:1385-96. [PMID: 12127159 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris (TT) has long been used in the traditional Chinese and Indian systems of medicine for the treatment of various ailments and is popularly claimed to improve sexual functions in man. Sexual behaviour and intracavernous pressure (ICP) were studied in both normal and castrated rats to further understand the role of TT containing protodioscin (PTN) as an aphrodisiac. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of 8 each that included distilled water treated (normal and castrated), testosterone treated (normal and castrated, 10 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously, bi-weekly) and TT treated (castrated, 5 mg/kg body weight, orally once daily). Decreases in body weight, prostate weight and ICP were observed among the castrated groups of rats compared to the intact group. There was an overall reduction in the sexual behaviour parameters in the castrated groups of rats as reflected by decrease in mount and intromission frequencies (MF and IF) and increase in mount, intromission, ejaculation latencies (ML, IL, EL) as well as post-ejaculatory interval (PEI). Compared to the castrated control, treatment of castrated rats (with either testosterone or TT extract) showed increase in prostate weight and ICP that were statistically significant. There was also a mild to moderate improvement of the sexual behaviour parameters as evidenced by increase in MF and IF; decrease in ML, IL and PEI. These results were statistically significant. It is concluded that TT extract appears to possess aphrodisiac activity probably due to androgen increasing property of TT (observed in our earlier study on primates).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gauthaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119704, Singapore
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Choo MS, Bellamy F, Constantinou CE. Functional evaluation of Tadenan on micturition and experimental prostate growth induced with exogenous dihydrotestosterone. Urology 2000; 55:292-8. [PMID: 10688098 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of Tadenan (TAD; Pygeum africanum extract) pretreatment on the micturition characteristics of conscious and anesthetized rats consequent to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) administration and to examine the influence of such treatment on the growth of the prostate. METHODS Studies using 40 adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were performed during a 7-week period. These animals were treated with DHT 1.25 mg/kg subcutaneously dissolved in peanut oil and/or TAD 100 mg/kg orally dissolved in sesame oil, except for the controls, which received vehicle only. Rats were divided into four groups: group 1 (control), vehicle only; group 2, DHT administered during weeks 3 and 4; group 3, TAD pretreatment, administered during weeks 1 and 2, followed by the combined administration of DHT and TAD during weeks 3 and 4 and TAD only during weeks 5 to 7; and group 4, continuous TAD treatment for 7 weeks. Micturition of conscious rats was evaluated in metabolic chambers, and in anesthetized rats, cystometrograms were done at the end of 7 weeks. RESULTS DHT or DHT plus TAD did not produce significant changes in the volume but did reduce the frequency of micturition. TAD given alone significantly increased the volume of micturition and the rate of urine production. Cystometrographic studies in anesthetized rats revealed that DHT produced micturition characteristics similar to obstruction. The DHT plus TAD and TAD pretreatment data showed no significant difference from controls, suggesting that in the presence of TAD, the effects of DHT were negated. The total prostate weight of DHT and DHT plus TAD pretreated rats increased, and in the TAD group, these values decreased to lower than controls; growth of the ventral lobes was suppressed in the presence of TAD. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that TAD pretreatment significantly reduces the "obstructive" effects of DHT on micturition, counteracts the hormone-induced enlargement of the prostate, and reduces prostate weight in the ventral but not the dorsal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Choo
- Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Detrusor overactivity poses a major challenge to physicians from many specialities. Progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of detrusor overactivity is slow but steady. Advances in treatment continue to be made, both with new agents and new methods of delivering older drugs. Neuromodulation is showing great promise as experience increases, and developments in bladder augmentation offer hope for lower morbidity treatments in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sullivan
- Department of Urology, Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, UK.
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