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Punita L, Naik N, Prasad P, Kesari A, Shankar R, Kumar A, Kapoor V, Kumar S, Rastogi N, Agrawal S, Mishra S. Salivary gland tumors: an audit from a tertiary care centre in Northern India. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:2660-2674. [PMID: 38883502 PMCID: PMC11169334 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are relatively rare and can exhibit various clinical behaviors. The study aims to understand the natural history, pathology, diagnostic workup, and treatment strategies for these tumors to improve patient outcomes. The audit included patients with salivary gland tumors detected through radiology or cytology. Patients underwent surgery, with some receiving adjuvant treatment. Demographic information, treatment interventions, and survival outcomes were analyzed using SPSS software. A total 89 as malignant salivart gland tumours were audited Malignant tumors were predominantly found in the parotid gland, with fewer cases in the minor salivary gland and submandibular gland.The median age of presentation was 47 years, and the majority of patients were male. The study examined various pathological and clinical factors, including tumor stage, nodal status, and the presence of facial palsy. Surgical procedures and histological types of tumors were documented. Adverse histological features like positive margins, lymph node positivity, lympho-vascular invasion, extracapsular spread, and perineural invasion were noted. POSTOP RT was administered to high-risk patients. Most malignant salivary gland tumors were found in the parotid gland, while minor salivary gland tumors were underrepresented in the audit. Surgical practices were diverse. Radiotherapy protocols were relatively standardized. The study found that certain histological features, such as lymph node positivity, margin positivity, lympho-vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and extracapsular spread, were associated with adverse effects on DFS and OS. The findings suggest that specific histological features, including LVI and ECE have emerged as independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Punita
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Nagendra Naik
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Pallavi Prasad
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Amit Kesari
- Department of Neuro-Otology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Department of Neuro-Otology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Biostatics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Vishwas Kapoor
- Department of Biostatics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Shaleen Kumar
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Neeraj Rastogi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Sushma Agrawal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Shagun Mishra
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
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Aoki R, Tanaka T. Pathogenesis of Warthin's Tumor: Neoplastic or Non-Neoplastic? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:912. [PMID: 38473274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Warthin's tumor is the second most frequent neoplasm next to pleomorphic adenoma in the salivary gland, mostly in the parotid gland. The epithelial cells constituting a tumor are characterized by the presence of mitochondria that undergo structural and functional changes, resulting in the development of oncocytes. In addition to containing epithelial cells, Warthin's tumors contain abundant lymphocytes with lymph follicles (germinal centers) that are surrounded by epithelial cells. The pathogenesis of Warthin's tumor is not fully understood, and several hypotheses have been proposed. The risk factors for the development of Warthin's tumor, which predominantly occurs in males, include aging, smoking, and radiation exposure. Recently, it has been reported that chronic inflammation and aging cells promote the growth of Warthin's tumor. Several reports regarding the origin of the tumor have suggested that (1) Warthin's tumor is an IgG4-related disease, (2) epithelial cells that compose Warthin's tumor accumulate mitochondria, and (3) Warthin's tumor is a metaplastic lesion in the lymph nodes. It is possible that the pathogenesis of Warthin's tumor includes mitochondrial metabolic abnormalities, accumulation of aged cells, chronic inflammation, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this short review, we propose that DNA damage, metabolic dysfunction of mitochondria, senescent cells, SASP, human papillomavirus, and IgG4 may be involved in the development of Warthin's tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryogo Aoki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) & Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-l Kashima-Cho, Gifu City 500-8513, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) & Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-l Kashima-Cho, Gifu City 500-8513, Gifu, Japan
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Nielson KJ, Lorenzo G, Agarwal S. Salivary Duct Carcinoma Arising in a Warthin Tumor of the Parotid Gland: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature and PD-L1 Expression. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:1042-1051. [PMID: 37831429 PMCID: PMC10739639 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Warthin's tumor is the second most common neoplasm of the parotid gland and consists of 2 components, including lymphoid stroma and glandular epithelium. Malignant transformation in this tumor is mostly seen in the lymphoid component; however, the carcinomatous transformation of the epithelial component is extremely rare. Cases of latter reported in the literature include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, oncocytic carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. We describe an extremely rare case of salivary duct carcinoma arising in a Warthin tumor in a 64-year-old male. Patient presented with an enlarging left parotid mass, biopsy of which showed salivary duct carcinoma. He subsequently underwent left parotidectomy along with left level II-IV lymph node dissection. Histology revealed both in situ as well as invasive salivary duct carcinoma arising from Warthin tumor. Immunohistochemistry showed tumor cells positive for CK7, AR, and GATA3, while p63 highlighted the myoepithelial cell layer in the in situ component. Her2 was 2+ by immunohistochemistry. In addition, PD-L1 IHC revealed positive expression with a combined positive score of 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn J Nielson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4640, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Pathology, Mayo clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Gamaliel Lorenzo
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shweta Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4640, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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P. B, P. J, Rajagopal, Sarada. Huge Recurrent Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Parotid - a Rare Presentation. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:2267-2272. [PMID: 37636773 PMCID: PMC10447321 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the commonest primary malignant salivary gland tumor in both children and adults and constitutes around 2.8-16% of all salivary gland tumors. There is a wide age range of 3 to 95 years with a mean age of 47 years. We reported a case of 85 years old female patient, who presented to the department of Surgical Oncology, Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Trichy, with history of right parotid swelling for past 25 years, who had undergone Superficial parotidectomy 10 years back, followed by recurrence of tumor with huge increase in size, around 20 cm in greatest dimension. Right Completion Radical Parotidectomy with Modified Radical neck dissection type 1 with Cervical Rotation Flap cover was done and histopathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed as high grade Mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Following surgery, the patient's outcome is better, uneventful with periodic regular follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayakumar P.
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Trichy, India
| | - Rajagopal
- Department of General surgery, Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Trichy, India
| | - Sarada
- Department of Pathology, Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Trichy, India
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Solitary Scalp Metastases of Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e33723. [PMID: 36643081 PMCID: PMC9837458 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the parotid gland is considered one of the commonest benign salivary gland neoplasms in both adults and pediatrics. However, metastatic pleomorphic adenoma (MPA) is extremely rare. In the past three decades, multiple cases were reported in the literature of MPA, where the metastatic phase has been preceded by a local recurrence for the majority of the cases. Metastases to the lungs, liver, bone, head and neck were reported. This paper will discuss a rare case presentation of MPA that metastasised solely to the face and scalp subcutaneous tissue with no other sites of metastases in a male adult.
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Lauricella E, Manicone A, Cavallo F, Dagrada GP, Centonze G, Bertulli R, Quattrone P, Porta C, Cives M. Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma of the salivary glands: a case report and systematic literature review. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231165979. [PMID: 37113735 PMCID: PMC10126605 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231165979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma (ALES) of the salivary glands is an exceedingly rare malignancy defined by the t(11,22) EWSR1::FLI1 fusion, with complex epithelial differentiation. To identify features that can allow for better recognition of this disease entity, we reviewed all published reports of molecularly confirmed ALES of the salivary glands and explored epidemiological, clinical, radiological, pathological, and therapeutic characteristics of a population of 21 patients including a single newly reported patient from our group. We searched the English-language literature indexed in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science using the keyword 'Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma' published up to June 2022. The median age at diagnosis was 46 years, and a slight female sex predilection was observed. Most tumors originated in the parotid gland (86%) and presented as a painless palpable mass with a median diameter of 3.6 cm. Metastatic dissemination was reported only in one patient (5%), and after a median follow-up of 13 months the 1-year overall survival rate was 92%. Salivary gland ALES were frequently misdiagnosed at presentation (62% of cases) and were pathologically characterized by the presence of highly monomorphic small round blue cells with infiltrative pattern and positive immunostaining for CD99 and high- and low-molecular weight cytokeratins. Epidemiological and clinical features of salivary gland ALES raise questions on the incorporation of this malignancy in the Ewing sarcoma family tumor group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lauricella
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Manicone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Dagrada
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Centonze
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Bertulli
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Quattrone
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Sunguc C, Hawkins MM, Winter DL, Dudley IM, Heymer EJ, Teepen JC, Allodji RS, Belle FN, Bagnasco F, Byrne J, Bárdi E, Ronckers CM, Haddy N, Gudmundsdottir T, Garwicz S, Jankovic M, van der Pal HJH, Mazić MČ, Schindera C, Grabow D, Maule MM, Kaatsch P, Kaiser M, Fresneau B, Michel G, Skinner R, Wiebe T, Sacerdote C, Jakab Z, Gunnes MW, Terenziani M, Winther JF, Lähteenmäki PM, Zaletel LZ, Kuehni CE, Kremer LC, Haupt R, de Vathaire F, Hjorth L, Reulen RC. Risk of subsequent primary oral cancer in a cohort of 69,460 5-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer in Europe: the PanCareSurFup study. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:80-90. [PMID: 36319851 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk of subsequent primary malignant neoplasms (SPNs), but the risk for rarer types of SPNs, such as oral cancer, is uncertain. Previous studies included few oral SPNs, hence large-scale cohorts are required to identify groups at risks. METHODS The PanCareSurFup cohort includes 69,460 5-year survivors of childhood cancer across Europe. Risks of oral SPNs were defined by standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), absolute excess risks and cumulative incidence. RESULTS One hundred and forty-five oral SPNs (64 salivary gland, 38 tongue, 20 pharynx, 2 lip, and 21 other) were ascertained among 143 survivors. Survivors were at 5-fold risk of an oral SPN (95% CI: 4.4-5.6). Survivors of leukaemia were at greatest risk (SIR = 19.2; 95% CI: 14.6-25.2) followed by bone sarcoma (SIR = 6.4, 95% CI: 3.7-11.0), Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 6.2, 95% CI: 3.9-9.9) and soft-tissue sarcoma (SIR = 5.0, 95% CI: 3.0-8.5). Survivors treated with radiotherapy were at 33-fold risk of salivary gland SPNs (95% CI: 25.3-44.5), particularly Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 66.2, 95% CI: 43.6-100.5) and leukaemia (SIR = 50.5, 95% CI: 36.1-70.7) survivors. Survivors treated with chemotherapy had a substantially increased risk of a tongue SPN (SIR = 15.9, 95% CI: 10.6-23.7). CONCLUSIONS Previous radiotherapy increases the risk of salivary gland SPNs considerably, while chemotherapy increases the risk of tongue SPNs substantially. Awareness of these risks among both health-care professionals and survivors could play a crucial role in detecting oral SPNs early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Sunguc
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael M Hawkins
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David L Winter
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Isabelle M Dudley
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma J Heymer
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jop C Teepen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigue S Allodji
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabiën N Belle
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Julianne Byrne
- Boyne Research Institute, c/o no. 1, The Maples, Bettystown, Co Meath, A92 C635, Ireland
| | - Edit Bárdi
- St Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria and Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Cécile M Ronckers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Services Research, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nadia Haddy
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thorgerdur Gudmundsdottir
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Childhood Cancer Research Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Children's Hospital, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stanislaw Garwicz
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Momcilo Jankovic
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano-Bicocca, Hospital San Gerardo, Via Donizetti, 33, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Maja Česen Mazić
- University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christina Schindera
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Desiree Grabow
- German Childhood Cancer Registry, Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Milena M Maule
- Childhood Cancer Registry of Piedmont, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Peter Kaatsch
- German Childhood Cancer Registry, Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Melanie Kaiser
- German Childhood Cancer Registry, Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Brice Fresneau
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Gisela Michel
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Roderick Skinner
- Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas Wiebe
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Childhood Cancer Registry of Piedmont, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO-Piemonte, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Zsuzsanna Jakab
- Hungarian Childhood Cancer Registry, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Winther Gunnes
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Terenziani
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Jeanette F Winther
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Childhood Cancer Research Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University and University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Päivi M Lähteenmäki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Claudia E Kuehni
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leontien C Kremer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Haupt
- DOPO clinic, Division of Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, University Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lars Hjorth
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Raoul C Reulen
- Centre for Childhood Cancer Survivor Studies, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Sandhu S, Handa S. Pathology Mimicking Orofacial Pain. Dent Clin North Am 2023; 67:117-127. [PMID: 36404072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A case of a 64-year-old woman is reported, who developed new-onset pain over a preexisting area of right mandibular fullness. Clinical examination, MRI, and fine-needle aspiration cytology confirmed the diagnosis of a benign parotid gland tumor-pleomorphic adenoma, which was treated by total parotidectomy with complete removal of the tumor. When evaluating a patient with orofacial pain, oral health care providers should be cognizant of all potential differential diagnoses, especially in the setting of red flags such as persistent or enlarging facial swelling/fullness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaiba Sandhu
- Division of Orofacial Pain, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shruti Handa
- Division of Orofacial Pain, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Dzul S, Jaenisch H, Nagle C, Joiner M, Miller S. Radiation induced mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland following post-operative radiotherapy to the earlobe for keloid prophylaxis. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2022:1455613221099998. [PMID: 35503458 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221099998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced malignancies (RIMs) are rare but well-documented late toxicities associated with exposure to radiation or radiotherapy. A keloid scar is a common benign proliferation of scar tissue which commonly develops at the site of an injury, such as on the earlobe after ear-piercing. While typically reserved for management of malignancies, radiotherapy is often utilized in the management of some benign conditions, including keloids. Given the benign nature of keloids, any theoretical late toxicity from radiotherapy, particularly a life-threatening toxicity such as a RIM, is particularly concerning. Here, we report a case of a 34-year-old male who presented with a radiation induced mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland which developed in a previously irradiated field ten years after the patient received electron radiotherapy for a keloid of the earlobe. Using available literature, we estimate the risk of a RIM of the parotid gland from a typical course of radiotherapy to the earlobe as 0.007% per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Dzul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 2954Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Harriett Jaenisch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 2954Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chris Nagle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 2954Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Joiner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 2954Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Steven Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 2954Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Broski SM, Johnson DR, Packard AT, Hunt CH. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/Computed Tomography. PET Clin 2022; 17:249-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Kawakita D, Oze I, Iwasaki S, Matsuda T, Matsuo K, Ito H. Trends in the incidence of head and neck cancer by subsite between 1993 and 2015 in Japan. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1553-1560. [PMID: 35029329 PMCID: PMC8921930 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawakita
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Department of Preventive Medicine Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Nagoya Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Department of Preventive Medicine Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Nagoya Japan
| | - Shinichi Iwasaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuda
- Division of International Collaborative Research Center for Public Health Sciences National Cancer Center Tokyo Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Department of Preventive Medicine Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Nagoya Japan
- Department of Epidemiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control Department of Preventive Medicine Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Nagoya Japan
- Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
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12
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Mody MD, Rocco JW, Yom SS, Haddad RI, Saba NF. Head and neck cancer. Lancet 2021; 398:2289-2299. [PMID: 34562395 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common type of cancer worldwide and comprise of a diverse group of tumours affecting the upper aerodigestive tract. Although many different histologies exist, the most common is squamous cell carcinoma. Predominant risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and oncogenic viruses, including human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus. Head and neck malignancies remain challenging to treat, requiring a multidisciplinary approach, with surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy serving as key components of the treatment of locally advanced disease. Although many treatment principles overlap, treatment is generally site-specific and histology-specific. This Seminar outlines the current understanding of head and neck cancer and focuses on treatment principles, while also discussing future directions to improve the outcomes of patients with these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur D Mody
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James W Rocco
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sue S Yom
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert I Haddad
- Harvard Medical School and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Cantù G. Adenoid cystic carcinoma. An indolent but aggressive tumour. Part A: from aetiopathogenesis to diagnosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:206-214. [PMID: 34264913 PMCID: PMC8283400 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare tumour of the minor and major salivary glands. It is uncommon in the parotid gland while it is much more frequent in the submandibular gland and in minor salivary and mucinous glands (oral cavity, oropharynx, and paranasal sinuses). ACC may also arise in secretory glands located in other tissues, such as in the tracheobronchial tree, oesophagus, breast, lungs, prostate, uterine cervix, lachrymal and Bartholin’s glands, and skin. The natural history of ACC is characterised by an indolent growth rate, a relatively low probability of regional lymph node metastases and a high likelihood of haematogenous dissemination. ACC has been traditionally subdivided into three histological groups (cribriform, tubular, and solid) based on solid components of the tumour. Some studies have shown that tumours with a solid growth component have a rapid fatal course, compared to tumours without a solid growth component, but other studies have failed to correlate growth patterns with clinical course. The purpose of this review is to analyse the very large number of studies (sometimes contradictory) on ACC. In this first part, the aetiology, epidemiology, histopathology, clinical behaviour and diagnostic workup are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cantù
- Former Director of Otorhinolaryngology and Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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14
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Therapeutic challenges in radiation-induced salivary gland cancers. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 29:120-125. [PMID: 33394737 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To give an overview of recent advances in therapeutic approaches of radiation-induced salivary gland cancers (ri-SGCs). RECENT FINDINGS Reirradiation with protons and carbon ions demonstrated to be feasible, safe and to offer good local control rates, with the possibility of overcoming radioresistance and dosimetric issues in previously irradiated cancer patients. Chromosomal rearrangements, gene fusions and expression profiles are important to identify specific cancer subtypes and can guide tailored systemic therapy. SUMMARY Ri-SGCs are rare and heterogeneous. Patients are often heavily pretreated and at risk of toxicities, and their management remain challenging. A multidisciplinary approach in referral centers is mandatory. Knowledge about SGCs cellular and molecular mechanisms is constantly evolving. In the last years, novel advances in therapeutic approaches, such as carbon ion radiotherapy, are emerging as safe and effective options in active treatment, but further efforts are needed to offer tailored personalized treatments and to improve survival.
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15
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Multidisciplinary Management of Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Carcinomas in the Modern Radiotherapy Era. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123769. [PMID: 33327563 PMCID: PMC7765068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Etiopathogenesis of salivary gland cancers [SGCs] is largely unknown, even if exposition to ionizing radiation is a recognized risk factor for SGCs development. To date, exhaustive data to guide clinicians in managing patients with radiation-induced [ri] SGCs are scarce and their treatment remains challenging. The purpose of this work is to describe and to analyze clinical and histopathological features, delivered treatments, and outcome of a series of patients with ri-SGCs treated at two Italian cancer referral sites. Given the rarity of ri-SGCs, this retrospective analysis conducted on a case series of 13 patients adds further knowledge to the paucity of literature. The management of these malignancies is extremely complex requiring a multidisciplinary treatment approach. Abstract Clinical data of ri-SGCs patients treated between 2015 and 2019 at a tertiary cancer center and a national hadron therapy facility were reviewed. Latent time (LT) from first RT to ri-SGCs diagnosis, overall (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed. Thirteen patients developed 14 ri-SGCs (one patient had 2 synchronous ri-SCGs), after a median LT of 23 years (range 16–34). Parotid was the primary site in 8 cases (57%) and salivary duct carcinoma was the most frequent histotype (29%). Nine patients (69%) underwent surgery (Sx). Among them, 4 patients (31%) underwent Sx alone, 5 received post-operative treatments: 3 (23%) photon-based (X) reRT, one (8%) protons and carbon ions, one (8%) carbon ions only. One patient (8%) received definitive XRT. The remaining 3 patients (23%) received androgen deprivation therapy. With a median follow-up of 48 months (range 24–72), median OS and PFS were 74 and 24 months, respectively. In the subgroup of AR+ ri-SGCs, median PFS and OS were 12 and 74 months, respectively. Given the rarity of ri-SGCs, this work adds further knowledge to the paucity of literature. The management of these malignancies is extremely complex requiring a multidisciplinary treatment approach.
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Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: from pathogenesis to management: a literature review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:2673-2679. [PMID: 32367151 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acinic cell carcinoma (ACCs) is uncommon malignant epithelial neoplasm of the salivary glands; the most common presentation is a well-defined painless solid mass. Diagnosis of ACCs is frequently complicated, due to its similarity with benign tumors. METHODS A review of the literature available on ACCs was carried out. Studies were sourced from PubMed with searching of relevant headings and sub-headings and cross-referencing. RESULTS There are no clear characteristics of ACCs found on CT, MRI and ultrasound imaging. The management of the ACC, a rare malignancy of the parotid gland, is often difficult and controversial. Radical surgery is the best treatment option. The role of radiotherapy remains controversial: the precise indications and oncologic effects of adjuvant radiotherapy in ACC of the parotid gland are not well known. There is insufficient literature regarding the chemotherapy for metastatic ACC. CONCLUSION Knowledge about ACC, a rare malignancy of parotid gland, has changed over the past few decades. More clinical randomized works would be needed, both to assess the real effectiveness of radio and chemotherapy and to have an unanimous consensus about their indications.
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17
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Molecular chaperones in tumors of salivary glands. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:109-115. [PMID: 32300923 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The salivary glands are key components of the mouth and play a central role in its physiology. Their importance may be appreciated considering their number, occurrence in pairs, and distribution in the mouth: two parotids, two submandibular, two sublingual, and many other small ones scattered throughout the mouth. They produce saliva, without which ingestion of non-liquid nutrients and speech would be practically impossible. Nevertheless, the physiology and pathology of salivary glands are poorly understood. For instance, tumors of salivary glands occur, and their incidence is on the rise, but their etiology and pathogenesis are virtually unknown, although some risk factors have been identified. Likewise, the role of the chaperoning system in the development, normal functioning, and pathology, including carcinogenesis, remains to be determined. This scarcity of basic knowledge impedes progress in diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapeutics of salivary gland tumors. We are currently involved in examining the chaperoning system of human salivary glands and we performed a search of the literature to determine what has been reported relating to oncology. We found data pertaining to six components of the chaperone system, namely HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, HSP84, HSP86, and GRP78, and to another HSP, the heme-oxygenase H-O1, also named HSP32, which does not belong in the chaperoning system but seemed to have potential as a biomarker for diagnostic purposes as much as the HSP/chaperones mentioned above. The reported quantitative variations of the six chaperones were distinctive enough to distinguish malignant from benign tumors, suggesting that these molecules hold potential as biomarkers useful in differential diagnosis. Also, the quantitative variations described accompanying tumor development, as observed in cancers of other organs, encourages research to elucidate whether chaperones play a role in the initiation and/or progression of salivary gland tumors.
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18
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Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma in Warthin Tumor of the Parotis in Childhood: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 41:494-497. [PMID: 30198962 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in Warthin tumor of the parotid gland is an extremely rare entity. This is so far described only in the adult age group, and only one patient has been reported in the pediatric age group until today. Herein, we describe our patient and review the literature. This was a case of a 9-year-old girl admitted with a painless swelling in the left side of her face for at least 2 weeks. Histopathologic examination of total parotidectomy specimens revealed mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in the Warthin tumor. This case is the youngest patient reported to date.
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19
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Sentani K, Ogawa I, Ozasa K, Sadakane A, Utada M, Tsuya T, Kajihara H, Yonehara S, Takeshima Y, Yasui W. Characteristics of 5015 Salivary Gland Neoplasms Registered in the Hiroshima Tumor Tissue Registry over a Period of 39 Years. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050566. [PMID: 31027324 PMCID: PMC6571736 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland neoplasms are uncommon, and their epidemiology in Japan has not been well described. We conducted a retrospective review of salivary gland tumors registered in the Hiroshima Tumor Tissue Registry over a period of 39 years. The subjects were 5015 cases ranging in age from 6 to 97 (mean, 54.3) years old. The incidence of both benign tumors and malignant tumors increased with age until 60-69 years and then declined. Among the 5015 salivary gland neoplasms, 3998 (80%) were benign and 1017 (20%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most frequent benign tumor (68%), followed by Warthin tumor (26%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) (27%) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (26%) were the two most frequent malignant tumors. Characteristically, there was a very low incidence of polymorphous adenocarcinoma in Japan. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 population was 3.3 for benign tumors and 0.8 for malignant tumors. This is the large-scale multi-institutional analysis to describe the characteristics of salivary gland neoplasms, based on the pathological tissue registry data. We hope that the present data can contribute to early diagnosis and effective treatment of salivary gland tumors and to cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Sadakane
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan.
| | - Mai Utada
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Tsuya
- Hiroshima Prefecture Medical Association, Hiroshima 732-0057, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kajihara
- Hiroshima Prefecture Medical Association, Hiroshima 732-0057, Japan.
| | - Shuji Yonehara
- Department of Pathology and Research Laboratory, Welfare Association Onomichi General Hospital, Onomichi, Hiroshima 722-8508, Japan.
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
- Hiroshima Prefecture Medical Association, Hiroshima 732-0057, Japan.
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20
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Howard E, Gonzalez O, Gumber S, Anderson DC, Kumar S, Dick E. Salivary gland neoplasms in non-human primates: A case series and brief literature review. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:197-204. [PMID: 30941779 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary gland neoplasms are rare in non-human primates. METHODS Thirty-five years of pathology records were reviewed at the Southwest (SNPRC) and Yerkes (YNPRC) National Primate Research Centers. An in-depth literature search for salivary gland neoplasms in non-human primates was performed. RESULTS Seventeen salivary gland neoplasms (nine from SNPRC and YNPRC, eight from published literature) were identified. There were seven malignant, nine benign, and one of undetermined behavior identified in eight rhesus macaques, six baboons, a chimpanzee, a bonnet macaque, and a moustached tamarin. Parotid gland was the most frequent origin (n = 7), followed by mandibular (n = 4) or minor salivary glands (n = 2). Two animals with salivary gland adenoma had a history of prior radiation exposure. CONCLUSIONS Parotid glands are the most common origin for salivary gland neoplasms. Salivary gland neoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnoses of head and neck masses in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Howard
- Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel C Anderson
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shyamesh Kumar
- Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Edward Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center at the Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
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21
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Yorita K, Nakagawa H, Miyazaki K, Fukuda J, Ito S, Kosai M. Infarcted Warthin tumor with mucoepidermoid carcinoma-like metaplasia: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2019; 13:12. [PMID: 30636634 PMCID: PMC6330755 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Warthin tumor is a common, benign, painless salivary gland neoplasm. Rarely, Warthin tumors show large areas of squamous metaplasia; such Warthin tumors are called metaplastic or infarcted Warthin tumors because they are occasionally accompanied with tumor necrosis. The histological distinction between mucoepidermoid carcinomas and the metaplastic portions of Warthin tumors can be challenging; without a genetic study, mucoepidermoid carcinomas can be misdiagnosed as metaplastic Warthin tumors. We report a case of infarcted Warthin tumor partly showing mucoepidermoid carcinoma-like epithelial metaplasia. Only two cases of infarcted Warthin tumor similar to our case have been reported. Case presentation A 69-year-old Japanese man presented with a right parotid tumor. He had noticed the swelling on his right buccal region 1 year previously; the lesion had rapidly enlarged, with associated pain, 1 month previously. A radiological examination revealed a mass in the tail of the right parotid gland. Superficial parotidectomy was performed. On histological examination, the mass showed typical focal features of Warthin tumor; other areas showed coagulation necrosis of the tumor. These areas were surrounded by non-oncocytic epithelium comprising squamous and mucinous epithelial cells. Although cellular atypia of the non-oncocytic epithelium was not observed, a mixture of squamous and mucinous cells and lack of abundant lymphoid tissue mimicked low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Based on the results of fluorescence in situ hybridization, MAML2 gene rearrangement was not present in the typical portions of Warthin tumor and the mucoepidermoid carcinoma-like lesion. Therefore, a metaplastic or infarcted Warthin tumor was diagnosed. Our patient was disease-free 8 months after surgery. Conclusions Clinicians need to know that pain is a clinical symptom of infarcted/metaplastic Warthin tumor. Pathologists should be aware that a metaplastic Warthin tumor can mimic a low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Our case showed a mucoepidermoid carcinoma-like lesion that was confined near the area of tumor necrosis, and neither cytological atypia nor apparent invasive growth was present. These findings appeared to be histological clues of a metaplastic Warthin tumor rather than a mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Careful clinicopathological evaluation as well as genetic studies are needed to clarify the distinction between mucoepidermoid carcinoma and metaplastic portions of Warthin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yorita
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Kochi Hospital, 2-13-51, Shinhonmachi, Kochi-city, Kochi, 780-8562, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Kochi Hospital, 2-13-51, Shinhonmachi, Kochi-city, Kochi, 780-8562, Japan
| | - Katsushi Miyazaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Kochi Hospital, 2-13-51, Shinhonmachi, Kochi-city, Kochi, 780-8562, Japan
| | - Junya Fukuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 2-50-1, Kuramoto-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Kochi Hospital, 2-13-51, Shinhonmachi, Kochi-city, Kochi, 780-8562, Japan
| | - Makoto Kosai
- Kosai's Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, 2-169-1, Hitotsubashi-town, Kochi-city, Kochi, 780-0981, Japan
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Mantravadi AV, Moore MG, Rassekh CH. AHNS series: Do you know your guidelines? Diagnosis and management of salivary gland tumors. Head Neck 2018; 41:269-280. [PMID: 30548929 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is the next installment of the series "Do you know your guidelines" presented by the Education Committee of the American Head and Neck Society. Guidelines for the workup and management of tumors of the major and minor salivary glands are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V Mantravadi
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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23
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Andreasen S. Molecular features of adenoid cystic carcinoma with an emphasis on microRNA expression. APMIS 2018; 126 Suppl 140:7-57. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Andreasen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery; Zealand University Hospital; Køge Denmark
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24
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Mathew L, Janardhanan M, Suresh R, Savithri V. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the posterior-lateral border of tongue: a rare presentation. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-221521. [PMID: 29066652 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant tumour of the major and minor salivary glands. Minor salivary glands are scattered in different areas of the oral cavity such as palate, retromolar area, floor of the mouth, buccal mucosa, lips and tongue, but so far, only a few lingual MEC cases have been documented in the literature and most of the studies have shown a predilection for base and dorsum of the tongue. We report a rare case of MEC involving the posterior-lateral border of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Mathew
- Department of Oral Pathology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Institute Of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Mahija Janardhanan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Institute Of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Rakesh Suresh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Institute Of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Vindhya Savithri
- Department of Oral Pathology, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Institute Of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, India
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25
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Sawabe M, Ito H, Takahara T, Oze I, Kawakita D, Yatabe Y, Hasegawa Y, Murakami S, Matsuo K. Heterogeneous impact of smoking on major salivary gland cancer according to histopathological subtype: A case-control study. Cancer 2017; 124:118-124. [PMID: 28881386 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major salivary gland cancers (M-SGCs) are rare, and have distinct heterogeneous histopathological subtypes. To the authors' knowledge, no consistent evidence of an association between cigarette smoking and the risk of M-SGCs has appeared to date. Furthermore, evidence of potential heterogeneity in the impact of smoking on histopathological subtypes is scarce, despite the fact that the histopathological subtypes of M-SGC exhibit different genetic features. METHODS The authors conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between smoking and M-SGC by histopathological subtype. Cases were 81 patients with M-SGCs and the controls were 810 age-matched and sex-matched first-visit outpatients without cancer treated at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital from 1988 to 2005. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were assessed by conditional logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Smoking was found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of M-SGC overall, with an OR of 3.45 (95% CI, 1.58-7.51; P =.001) for heavy smokers compared with never-smokers. A significant dose-response relationship was observed (P for trend, .001). When stratified by histological subtype, no obvious impact of smoking was observed among patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). In contrast, smoking demonstrated a significantly increased risk of M-SGCs other than MEC, with an OR of 5.15 (95% CI, 2.06-12.87; P<.001) for heavy smokers compared with never-smokers. The authors observed possible heterogeneity with regard to the impact of smoking on risk between MEC and M-SGCs other than MEC (P for heterogeneity, .052). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrate a significant positive association between cigarette smoking and the risk of M-SGC overall. However, the impact of smoking appeared to be limited to M-SGCs other than MEC. Cancer 2018;124:118-24. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michi Sawabe
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City Univercity Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taishi Takahara
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawakita
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City Univercity Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Hasegawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Murakami
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City Univercity Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Sholl LM, Barletta JA, Hornick JL. Radiation-associated neoplasia: clinical, pathological and genomic correlates. Histopathology 2017; 70:70-80. [PMID: 27960236 DOI: 10.1111/his.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is an established risk factor for the development of benign and malignant tumours. The epidemiology of radiation-associated neoplasia has been studied over the decades in diverse populations, including Japanese atomic bomb survivors, exposed communities following the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster, and paediatric and adult populations receiving therapeutic irradiation. Radiation has been associated with an increased risk of neoplasia throughout the human body, with some sites showing a markedly increased relative risk of developing tumours (thyroid; soft tissues), depending on patient age and the context of exposure. Although the mechanisms of cellular injury and repair resulting from ionizing radiation are well described, the genomics of radiation-induced tumours are still relatively poorly understood, with some exceptions, such as RET rearrangement in thyroid carcinomas following iodine-131 exposure and MYC amplification in cutaneous angiosarcoma following chest wall irradiation for breast cancer. This review will provide a general overview of the epidemiology, molecular mechanism, pathology and genomics of radiation-associated neoplasia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justine A Barletta
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lewis AG, Tong T, Maghami E. Diagnosis and Management of Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors of the Parotid Gland. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2017; 49:343-80. [PMID: 27040585 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Malignant parotid tumors are heterogeneous and diverse. Accurate diagnosis requires a pathologist familiar with the various histologic subtypes, immunohistochemistry stains, and common translocations. Clinical course varies according to tumor subtype, ranging from indolent, slow-growing adenoid cystic carcinoma to rapidly progressive, possibly fatal, salivary ductal carcinoma. Histologic grade is important in prognosis and therapy. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment when negative margins can be achieved. Radiation improves locoregional control of tumors with high-risk features. Chemotherapy for parotid tumors can be disappointing. Studies of new targeted therapies have not offered significant benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron G Lewis
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tommy Tong
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ellie Maghami
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Tshering Vogel DW, Thoeny HC. Cross-sectional imaging in cancers of the head and neck: how we review and report. Cancer Imaging 2016; 16:20. [PMID: 27487932 PMCID: PMC4971750 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-016-0075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the head and neck is the sixth most frequent cancer worldwide and associated with significant morbidity. The head and neck area is complex and divided into various anatomical and functional subunits. Imaging is performed by cross-sectional modalities like computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and positron emission tomography-computed tomography, usually with fluorine-18-deoxy-D-glucose. Therefore, knowledge of the cross-sectional anatomy is very important. This article seeks to give an overview of the various cross-sectional imaging modalities used in the evaluation of head and neck cancers. It briefly describes the anatomy of the extracranial head and neck and the role of imaging as well as the imaging appearance of tumours and their extension to lymph nodes, bone and surrounding tissue. The advantages and disadvantages as well as basic requirements of the various modalities are described along with ways of optimizing imaging quality. A general guideline for prescription of the various modalities is given. Pitfalls are many and varied and can be due to anatomical variation, due to pathology which can be misinterpreted and technical due to peculiarities of the various imaging modalities. Knowledge of these pitfalls can help to avoid misinterpretation. The important points to be mentioned while reporting are also enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechen Wangmo Tshering Vogel
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland.
| | - Harriet C Thoeny
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland
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29
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Vander Poorten V, Triantafyllou A, Thompson LDR, Bishop J, Hauben E, Hunt J, Skalova A, Stenman G, Takes RP, Gnepp DR, Hellquist H, Wenig B, Bell D, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A. Salivary acinic cell carcinoma: reappraisal and update. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:3511-3531. [PMID: 26685679 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic and clinicopathologic features, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis for acinic cell carcinoma of the major and minor salivary glands are critically reviewed. We explore histopathologic, histochemical, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical aspects and discuss histologic grading, histogenesis, animal models, and genetic events. In the context of possible diagnostic difficulties, the relationship to mammary analog secretory carcinoma is probed and a classification is suggested. Areas of controversy or uncertainty, which may benefit from further investigations, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Leuven Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology-Section Head and Neck Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - A Triantafyllou
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Pathology Department, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool, UK
| | - L D R Thompson
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills, CA, USA
| | - J Bishop
- Department of Pathology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Hauben
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Hunt
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A Skalova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles, University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Stenman
- European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D R Gnepp
- University Pathologists, Fall River, MA, USA
| | - H Hellquist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - B Wenig
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Bell
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Rinaldo
- University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy
| | - A Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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30
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Xu L, Tang H, El-Naggar AK, Wei P, Sturgis EM. Genetic variants in DNA double-strand break repair genes and risk of salivary gland carcinoma: a case-control study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128753. [PMID: 26035306 PMCID: PMC4452711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand break (DSB) repair is the primary defense mechanism against ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. Ionizing radiation is the only established risk factor for salivary gland carcinoma (SGC). We hypothesized that genetic variants in DSB repair genes contribute to individual variation in susceptibility to SGC. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study in which we analyzed 415 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 45 DSB repair genes in 352 SGC cases and 598 controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Rs3748522 in RAD52 and rs13180356 in XRCC4 were significantly associated with SGC after Bonferroni adjustment; ORs (95% CIs) for the variant alleles of these SNPs were 1.71 (1.40-2.09, P=1.70 × 10-7) and 0.58 (0.45-0.74, P=2.00 × 10-5) respectively. The genetic effects were modulated by histological subtype. The association of RAD52-rs3748522 with SGC was strongest for mucoepidermoid carcinoma (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.55-3.15, P=1.25 × 10-5, n=74), and the association of XRCC4-rs13180356 with SGC was strongest for adenoid cystic carcinoma (OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.42-0.87, P=6.91 × 10-3, n=123). Gene-level association analysis revealed one gene, PRKDC, with a marginally significant association with SGC risk in non-Hispanic whites. To our knowledge, this study is the first to comprehensively evaluate the genetic effect of DSB repair genes on SGC risk. Our results indicate that genetic variants in the DSB repair pathways contribute to inter-individual differences in susceptibility to SGC and show that the impact of genetic variants differs by histological subtype. Independent studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peng Wei
- Division of Biostatistics and Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erich M. Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xu L, Tang H, Chen DW, El-Naggar AK, Wei P, Sturgis EM. Genome-wide association study identifies common genetic variants associated with salivary gland carcinoma and its subtypes. Cancer 2015; 121:2367-74. [PMID: 25823930 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are a rare malignancy with unknown etiology. The objective of the current study was to identify genetic variants modifying the risk of SGC and its major subtypes: adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. METHODS The authors conducted a genome-wide association study in 309 well-defined SGC cases and 535 cancer-free controls. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-level discovery study was performed in non-Hispanic white individuals followed by a replication study in Hispanic individuals. A logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A meta-analysis of the results was conducted. RESULTS A genome-wide significant association with SGC in non-Hispanic white individuals was detected at coding SNPs in CHRNA2 (cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 2 [neuronal]) (OR, 8.55; 95% CI, 4.53-16.13 [P = 3.6 × 10(-11)]), OR4F15 (olfactory receptor, family 4, subfamily F, member 15) (OR, 5.26; 95% CI, 3.13-8.83 [P = 3.5 × 10(-10)]), ZNF343 (zinc finger protein 343) (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 2.12-5.07 [P = 9.1 × 10(-8)]), and PARP4 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 4) (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.54-2.59 [P = 1.7 × 10(-7)]). Meta-analysis of the non-Hispanic white and Hispanic cohorts identified another genome-wide significant SNP in ELL2 (meta-OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.48-2.34 [P = 1.3 × 10(-7)]). Risk alleles were largely enriched in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, in which the SNPs in CHRNA2, OR4F15, and ZNF343 had ORs of 15.71 (95% CI, 6.59-37.47 [P = 5.2 × 10(-10)]), 15.60 (95% CI, 6.50-37.41 [P = 7.5 × 10(-10)]), and 6.49 (95% CI, 3.36-12.52 [P = 2.5 × 10(-8)]), respectively. None of these SNPs retained a significant association with adenoid cystic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS To the best of the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first to identify a panel of SNPs associated with the risk of SGC. Confirmation of these findings along with functional analysis of identified SNPs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hongwei Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Diane W Chen
- Clincal Research, Quality Improvement, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peng Wei
- Division of Biostatistics and Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Koyama T, Kobayashi T, Maruyama S, Abé T, Swelam WM, Kodama Y, Hoshina H, Takagi R, Hayashi T, Saku T. Radiation-induced undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma (malignant fibrous histiocytoma) of the mandible: Report of a case arising in the background of long-standing osteomyelitis with a review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:1123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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de Ridder M, Balm AJM, Smeele LE, Wouters MWJM, van Dijk BAC. An epidemiological evaluation of salivary gland cancer in the Netherlands (1989-2010). Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 39:14-20. [PMID: 25454260 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative 5-year survival rate of salivary gland cancer is moderate at best. This study was set up to evaluate whether the improvements in diagnosis and treatment in the last decades impacted the incidence, mortality and survival of salivary gland cancer. METHODS Data on patients with salivary gland cancer from 1989 through 2010 were extracted from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR); we examined incidence, mortality and relative survival. Furthermore, information on sex, age, tumor stage, histology, and treatment was taken into account. RESULTS A total of 2737 patients were included. Fifty-three percent (53%) were males and 47% were females with a significant higher proportion of early stages in women. In 2010, the incidence rate (European Standardized Rate (ESR)) of salivary gland cancer was 0.9 per 100,000 per year. The estimated annual percentage change in incidence rate since 1989 equaled 0.6% (95%CI: -0.2-1.4). Mortality rates (ESR) decreased in men until 1997 and increased thereafter. Mortality in women remained stable at 1.5 per 100,000. Over time more patients were treated by surgery and radiotherapy (p<0.001). The relative five-year survival rate equaled 69% and did not change in time. CONCLUSION We observed no relevant changes in incidence or mortality rates in the last two decades. Despite the increased combined treatment by surgery and radiotherapy, survival did not improve. This implies an urgent need for the development of new effective treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa de Ridder
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alfons J M Balm
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ludi E Smeele
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Maxillo-facial Surgery, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W J M Wouters
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boukje A C van Dijk
- Department of Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Chehal H, Rohrer JW, Kini JA, Palazzolo MJ. Clinicopathologic conference case 5: patient presenting with facial abscess and aggressive osteolysis with prominent periosteal reaction of the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 118:e98-9. [PMID: 25295346 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Cho YY, Lim J, Oh CM, Ryu J, Jung KW, Chung JH, Won YJ, Kim SW. Elevated risks of subsequent primary malignancies in patients with thyroid cancer: A nationwide, population-based study in Korea. Cancer 2014; 121:259-68. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch; Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance; National Cancer Center; Goyang Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Oh
- Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch; Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance; National Cancer Center; Goyang Korea
| | - Junsun Ryu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Head & Neck Oncology Clinic, Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center; Goyang Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch; Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance; National Cancer Center; Goyang Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Young-Joo Won
- Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch; Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance; National Cancer Center; Goyang Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Canas Marques R, Félix A. Invasive carcinoma arising from sclerosing polycystic adenosis of the salivary gland. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:621-5. [PMID: 24584973 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sclerosing polycystic adenosis is a rare salivary gland lesion. Recently, this entity has been regarded as a neoplastic lesion of low-grade malignant potential but, to date, no invasive carcinoma, metastases, or associated mortality have been reported. We report the first case of an invasive carcinoma component in a recurrent sclerosing polycystic adenosis lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Canas Marques
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, EPE, Rua Professor Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisboa, Portugal,
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Salivary gland malignancies in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:174-8. [PMID: 24332197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
With an annual incidence of less than 1 per million, salivary gland malignancies in children are rare, constituting less than 10% of pediatric head and neck cancer. Although over 20 histologic types of salivary gland cancer have been reported in adults, a smaller number have been observed in the pediatric population. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common histologic type, followed by acinic cell carcinoma. Since the majority of salivary gland carcinomas are diagnosed at an early stage, the overall prognosis is often favorable with complete surgical resection. To date, no prospective or retrospective data comparing outcomes of surgery alone versus multimodality therapy in the management of salivary gland malignancies in the pediatric population exists. Consequently, management decisions are made on a case-by-base basis, taking prognosis, treatment-related morbidity, and long-term sequelae into account.
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Sanghvi S, Patel NR, Patel CR, Kalyoussef E, Baredes S, Eloy JA. Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2013; 123:1592-7. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.24085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurin Sanghvi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Newark; New Jersey; U.S.A
| | - Neal R. Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Newark; New Jersey; U.S.A
| | - Chirag R. Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Newark; New Jersey; U.S.A
| | - Evelyne Kalyoussef
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Newark; New Jersey; U.S.A
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Jin L, Xu L, Song X, Wei Q, Sturgis EM, Li G. Genetic variation in MDM2 and p14ARF and susceptibility to salivary gland carcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49361. [PMID: 23145162 PMCID: PMC3492289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The p14ARF/MDM2/p53 pathway plays an important role in modulation of DNA damage and oxidative stress responses. The aim of this study was to determine whether genetic variants in MDM2 and p14ARF are associated with risk of salivary gland carcinoma (SGC). Methods Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MDM2 and p14ARF (MDM2-rs2279744, MDM2-rs937283, p14ARF-rs3731217, and p14ARF-rs3088440) were genotyped in 156 patients with SGC and 511 cancer-free controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results MDM2-rs2279744 was significantly associated with a moderately increased risk of SGC (OR, 1.5, 95% CI, 1.1–2.2). There was a trend toward significantly increased SGC risk with increasing number of risk genotypes of the four polymorphisms (Ptrend = 0.004). Individuals carrying 3–4 risk genotypes in MDM2 and p14ARF were at increased SGC risk (OR, 2.0, 95% CI, 1.1–2.7) compared with individuals carrying 0–2 risk genotypes. Moreover, the combined effect of risk genotypes of MDM2 and p14ARF was more pronounced among young subjects (≤45 years), female subjects, subjects with race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white, ever-smokers, and ever-drinkers. Conclusion Our results support the involvement of SNPs of MDM2 and p14ARF, either alone or more likely in combination, in susceptibility to SGC. Larger studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erich M. Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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An unusual localization of a pleomorphic adenoma in the rhinopharynx. Case Rep Med 2012; 2012:253186. [PMID: 22927861 PMCID: PMC3424738 DOI: 10.1155/2012/253186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the parotid glands. Rarely it may arise from minor salivary glands of the upper aerodigestive tract. A 57-year-old woman was admitted at our institution presenting with nasal obstruction. Endoscopic evaluation revealed a pedicled mass in the rhinopharynx. After radiological examination, we opted for a transnasal endoscopic-assisted excision of the mass under general anaesthesia. Histological evaluation deponed for pleomorphic adenoma with clear surgical margins. No endoscopic evidence of local recurrence has been shown after 48 months of followup. In the literature, few cases of pleomorphic adenoma arising in the rhinopharynx have been reported. The introduction of endoscopy, as shown by our experience, leads to important benefits in the identification, treatment, and followup of such rhinopharyngeal benign tumors.
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Fonseca FP, de Vasconcelos Carvalho M, de Almeida OP, Rangel ALCA, Takizawa MCH, Bueno AG, Vargas PA. Clinicopathologic analysis of 493 cases of salivary gland tumors in a Southern Brazilian population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:230-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Xu L, Doan PC, Wei Q, Li G, Sturgis EM. Functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the BRCA1 gene and risk of salivary gland carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:842-7. [PMID: 22503699 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymorphic BRCA1 is a vital tumor suppressor gene within the DNA double-strand break repair pathways, but its association with salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) has yet to be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a case-control study of 156 SGC patients and 511 controls, we used unconditional logistical regression analyses to investigate the association between SGC risk and seven common functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (A1988G, A31875G, C33420T, A33921G, A34356G, T43893C and A55298G) in BRCA1. RESULTS T43893C TC/CC genotype was associated with a reduction of SGC risk (adjusted odds ratio=0.55, 95% CI: 0.38-0.80, Bonferroni-adjusted p=0.011), which was more pronounced in women, non-Hispanic whites, and individuals with a family history of cancer in first-degree relatives. The interaction between T43893C and family history of cancer was significant (p=0.009). The GATGGCG and AACAACA haplotypes, both of which carry the T43893C minor allele, were also associated with reduced SGC risk. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that polymorphic BRCA1, particularly T43893C polymorphism, may protect against SGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Souza DLBD, Bernal MM, Curado MP. Evolución de la incidencia de los cánceres de glándulas salivales mayores en España (1978-2002). GACETA SANITARIA 2012; 26:65-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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THERKILDSEN MARIANNEHAMILTON. Epithelial salivary gland tumours. An immunohistological and prognostic investigation. APMIS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.1999.tb05379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ho K, Lin H, Ann DK, Chu PG, Yen Y. An overview of the rare parotid gland cancer. HEAD & NECK ONCOLOGY 2011; 3:40. [PMID: 21917153 PMCID: PMC3197557 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-3-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer of the parotid gland is relatively rare, but carries poor prognosis owing to its prevailing distant metastases. In addition to the disease's basic epidemiology and pathology, we review some current discoveries of its tumorigenesis molecular mechanism. Based on published salivary gland cancer clinical trial data, non-surgical antitumor efficacies amongst a range of chemotherapy, radiation, and concurrent therapy regimens are compared. We also present the current development status of novel radiation therapy and targeted therapeutics, focusing on intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockages, which are showing promise for improving parotid gland cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Helen Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Peiguo G Chu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Vera-Sirera B, Pérez-Rojas J, López-Valdivia C, Jiménez E, Collado-Martín D, Vera-Sempere F. SDHB Expression in Warthin's Tumour. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Vera-Sirera B, Pérez-Rojas J, López-Valdivia C, Jiménez E, Collado-Martín D, Vera-Sempere F. [SDHB expression in Warthin's tumour]. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2011; 62:355-62. [PMID: 21561594 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Succinic dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) is an enzyme belonging to the mitochondrial complex II. The aim of this study is to analyse SDHB expression in a series of Warthin's tumours, studying its relationship with oncocytic changes, constantly present in this form of tumour. MATERIAL AND METHODS In resection tumour specimens from a series of ten Warthin's tumours (all from the parotid gland), immunohistochemical expression of SDHB was analysed using a commercially-available monoclonal antibody. RESULTS The Warthin's tumours studied affected 10 men (mean age: 64.2 yrs, range 40-80), all with smoking habits, and 2 with metachronous bilateral involvement. Two patients presented associated urothelial carcinoma. Our SDHB study showed marked reactivity (++/+++) in all cases in the oncocytic epithelial component and also in striated duct cytoplasm (+) from non-tumorous parotid tissue. Expression was not influenced by age, smoking intensity or bilateral character. One of the tumours showed squamous metaplasia foci with SDHB-negativity at this level. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Due to the constant and intense SDHB reactivity in oncocytic cells in our observations, oncocytic changes are not considered to be associated with defective enzyme activity in the mitochondrial complex II. Strong SDHB reactivity is an additional marker of oncocytic changes in Warthin's tumour. Neither of these facts has been described previously.
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Hasegawa M, Cheng J, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Iida A, Takagi R, Tanaka R, Hayashi T, Saito C, Saku T. Complication of adenoid cystic carcinoma and sialolithiasis in the submandibular gland: report of a case and its etiological background. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 40:647-50. [PMID: 21159490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) complicated with sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland. The patient was a 43-year-old female with a history of papillotubular carcinoma of the breast almost at the same time. She had noticed a swelling in her sublingual area for 10 years, which was later diagnosed by her dentist to be due to a sialolith in the left submandibular gland. After several years of observation, the patient was referred to have her left submandibular gland, containing the stone, surgically removed with a diagnosis of atrophic sialadenitis. Histopathologically, the submandibular gland was extensively replaced with fibrous granulation tissue, in which there were small but invasive foci of ACC. The present case indicates that ACC could arise in the background of chronic sialadenitis. It is suggested that long-standing sialadenitis cases should be carefully examined to exclude suspicion of malignancy before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hasegawa
- Division of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Cederblad L, Johansson S, Enblad G, Engström M, Blomquist E. Cancer of the parotid gland; long-term follow-up. A single centre experience on recurrence and survival. Acta Oncol 2009; 48:549-55. [PMID: 19140053 DOI: 10.1080/02841860802680419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the results of treatment of malignant parotid gland tumours at a single centre during a 56 year period, focusing on tumour control and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS At Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, 144 patients (73 male and 71 female) with parotid cancer were treated between 1948 and 2004. The mean and median ages were 62 and 65 years, respectively (range 16-89 years). Surgery was the primary treatment in 113 (78%) patients followed by radiotherapy in 81. Postoperative radiotherapy in doses of 64-66 Gy, where the intention was curative and delivered with either split course or not, was administered to a majority of patients after 1970. The split-course mode was practised between 1970 and 1989. The median follow-up time was 8.3 years for patients still alive. There were 57 (40%) relapses, of which 40 were local recurrences with 26 inside the treatment volume. RESULTS The overall 5-year survival was 53%. The majority of tumour-related deaths appeared in the first 3-5 years after diagnosis. Age, co-morbidity, the presence of lymph node metastases, adenoid cystic carcinoma and extent of disease were important for outcome; gender, however, was not. We found no difference in the survival between patients following split course therapy versus continuous fractionation. No difference could be seen in the survival of patients treated in the 1970s versus the 1990s. CONCLUSIONS Age, nodal engagement, a higher T-stage, adenoid cystic carcinoma histopathology, facial palsy and intercurrent disease worsen the outcome of patients, whereas gender does not. Treatment principles at our hospital have been surgery followed by radiotherapy since the early 1970s even though a split course technique was practised during a part of this period. Survival has not improved markedly. Thus, there is scope for improvement for this group of patients.
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