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Yoshiba N, Edanami N, Ohkura N, Maekawa T, Takahashi N, Tsuzuno T, Maeda T, Tabeta K, Izumi K, Noiri Y, Yoshiba K. Laminin Isoforms in Human Dental Pulp: Lymphatic Vessels Express Laminin-332, and Schwann Cell-Associated Laminin-211 Modulates CD163 Expression of M2-like Macrophages. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:1008-1020. [PMID: 34965967 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin, a basement membrane heterotrimeric glycoprotein composed of α/β/γ subunits, has important tissue-specific functions in the control of cellular behavior. Our recent study showed the colocalization of CD163+ M2-like macrophages with Schwann cells in human dental pulp, leading us to hypothesize that the laminin isoform of Schwann cells is associated with CD163 expression. The present study investigated the distribution of laminin isoforms in human dental pulp and the underlying mechanisms that affect macrophage phenotypes. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that blood vessels were exclusively positive for laminin α4 and α5, whereas laminin α2 was associated with Schwann cells. Unexpectedly, laminin α3/laminin-332 (α3β3γ2) was detected on lymphatic vessels. In intact and carious teeth, CD163+ cells were associated with laminin α2, whereas CD206 single-positive cells were present inside, outside, and along blood vessels. In vitro incubation of THP-1 macrophages in plates coated with laminin-211/511 or its functionally analogous E8 fragments of α-chain (E8-α) indicated that cell shapes differed between macrophages grown on laminin-211/E8-α2 and macrophages grown on laminin-511/E8-α5. Laminin-211/E8-α2-coated plates upregulated CD163 expression, compared with laminin-511/E8-α5-coated plates. Integrin α3- and integrin α6-neutralizing Abs altered the shape of THP-1 macrophages and upregulated mRNA levels of CD206 and CD163 in macrophages grown on laminin-511; the neutralizing Abs did not affect macrophages grown on laminin-211. These findings suggest that laminin isoforms differentially regulate macrophage behavior via distinct integrin-laminin affinities. Of note, laminin-332 is expressed by pulpal lymphatic vessels, the existence of which has been debated; laminin-211 might have a role in maintaining CD163 expression on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Edanami
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Ohkura
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuzuno
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Izumi
- Division of Biomimetics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; and
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yoshiba
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Urzúa B, Krämer S, Morales-Bozo I, Camacho C, Yubero MJ, Palisson F, Fuentes I, Ortega-Pinto A. Case Report: Crown Resorption in a Patient With Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa and Amelogenesis Imperfecta With LAMB3 Gene Mutations. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.704423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) corresponds to a series of conditions characterized by extreme fragility of the skin and/or mucous membranes. Of the four main types of EB, junctional EB (JEB) is the most associated with alterations in the teeth. The purposes of this study were to determine the clinical, histopathological, and ultrastructural characteristics of teeth with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) in a patient with JEB, and compare them with control teeth, and correlate the findings with the mutations present in the patient.Case Report: The study was conducted on a 10-year-old patient with JEB carrier of two recessive mutations in the LAMB3 gene and absence of the laminin-332 protein (LM-332), determined by immunofluorescence on a skin biopsy. The patient presents hypoplastic AI with very thin and yellow-brown colored enamel. Extraction of two permanent molars was performed due to pain and soft tissue covering the crown, resembling pulp polyp or hyperplastic gingiva. Light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed very thin enamel varying from complete absence to 60 μm, absence of normal prismatic structure, and presence of a cross-banding with a laminated appearance. The histopathological study revealed granulation tissue causing external crown resorption.Conclusion: Although coronary resorption has been reported in patients with syndromic and non-syndromic AI, this is the first clinicopathological report of coronary resorption in partially erupted teeth in patients with JEB with mutations in the LAMB3 gene and hypoplastic AI. In patients with this condition, the presence of partially erupted teeth with soft tissue covering part of the crown, without a periodontal pocket, and with a radiographic image of partial coronal radiolucency should lead to suspicion of external coronary resorption.
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3
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Nakayama Y, Inoue E, Kato A, Iwai Y, Takai-Yamazaki M, Tsuruya Y, Yamaguchi A, Noda K, Nomoto T, Ganss B, Ogata Y. Follicular dendritic cell-secreted protein gene expression is upregulated and spread in nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. Odontology 2020; 108:532-544. [PMID: 31955298 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell-secreted protein (FDC-SP) is secreted protein expressed in follicular dendritic cells, periodontal ligament and junctional epithelium (JE). Its expression could be controlled during inflammatory process of gingiva; however, responsible mechanism for gingival overgrowth and involvement of FDC-SP in clinical condition is still unclear. We hypothesized that JE-specific genes are associated with the initiation of drug-induced gingival enlargement (DIGE) called gingival overgrowth, and investigated the changes of JE-specific gene's expression and their localization in overgrown gingiva from the patients. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the FDC-SP localization was spread in overgrown gingival tissues. FDC-SP mRNA levels in GE1 and Ca9-22 cells were increased by time-dependent nifedipine treatments, similar to other JE-specific genes, such as Amelotin (Amtn) and Lamininβ3 subunit (Lamβ3), whereas type 4 collagen (Col4) mRNA levels were decreased. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that FDC-SP, AMTN, and Lamβ3 protein levels were increased in GE1 and Ca9-22 cells. Transient transfection analyses were performed using luciferase constructs including various lengths of human FDC-SP gene promoter, nifedipine increased luciferase activities of -345 and -948FDC-SP constructs. These results raise the possibility that the nifedipine-induced FDC-SP may be related to the mechanism responsible for gingival overgrowth does not occur at edentulous jaw ridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
| | - Eiko Inoue
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Ayako Kato
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Iwai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Mizuho Takai-Yamazaki
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Yuto Tsuruya
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Keisuke Noda
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Takato Nomoto
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
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4
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Smith C, Poulter J, Brookes S, Murillo G, Silva S, Brown C, Patel A, Hussain H, Kirkham J, Inglehearn C, Mighell A. Phenotype and Variant Spectrum in the LAMB3 Form of Amelogenesis Imperfecta. J Dent Res 2019; 98:698-704. [PMID: 30905256 PMCID: PMC6535922 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519835205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by abnormal formation of dental enamel, either in isolation or as part of a syndrome. Heterozygous variants in laminin subunit beta 3 ( LAMB3) cause AI with dominant inheritance in the absence of other cosegregating clinical features. In contrast, biallelic loss-of-function variants in LAMB3 cause recessive junctional epidermolysis bullosa, characterized by life-threatening skin fragility. We identified 2 families segregating autosomal dominant AI with variable degrees of a distinctive hypoplastic phenotype due to pathogenic variants in LAMB3. Whole exome sequencing revealed a nonsense variant (c.3340G>T, p.E1114*) within the final exon in family 1, while Sanger sequencing in family 2 revealed a variant (c.3383-1G>A) in the canonical splice acceptor site of the final exon. Analysis of cDNA from family 2 revealed retention of the final intron leading to a premature termination codon. Two unerupted third molar teeth from individual IV:5 in family 2 were subject to computerized tomography and scanning electron microscopy. LAMB3 molar teeth have a multitude of cusps versus matched controls. LAMB3 enamel was well mineralized but pitted. The architecture of the initially secreted enamel was abnormal, with cervical enamel appearing much less severely affected than coronal enamel. This study further defines the variations in phenotype-genotype correlation for AI due to variants in LAMB3, underlines the clustering of nonsense and frameshift variants causing AI in the absence of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, and highlights the shared AI phenotype arising from variants in genes coding for hemidesmosome proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.E.L. Smith
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds
Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Oral Biology, School of
Dentistry, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J.A. Poulter
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds
Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S.J. Brookes
- Department of Oral Biology, School of
Dentistry, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G. Murillo
- School of Dentistry, Universidad de
Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro Montes De Oca, Costa
Rica
| | - S. Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Centre,
Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro Montes de
Oca, Costa Rica
| | - C.J. Brown
- Birmingham Dental Hospital and School of
Dentistry, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. Patel
- Birmingham Dental Hospital and School of
Dentistry, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - H. Hussain
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds,
Leeds, UK
| | - J. Kirkham
- Department of Oral Biology, School of
Dentistry, St James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C.F. Inglehearn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds
Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A.J. Mighell
- School of Dentistry, University of
Leeds, Leeds, UK
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5
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Yamamoto H, Cho SW, Kim EJ, Kim JY, Fujiwara N, Jung HS. Developmental Properties of the Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath in Mice. J Dent Res 2016; 83:688-92. [PMID: 15329373 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) plays an important role in tooth root formation. In this study, we examined root formation of the first molar in mice, focusing on cell proliferation, cell death, cell migration, and the expression patterns of the signaling molecules, including glycoproteins and proteoglycans between PN8 and PN26. The number of HERS cells decreased during root formation, although HERS retained total length until PN15. The migration of HERS cells did not occur during root formation. Moreover, the immunopositive reaction of laminin beta-3 and syndecan-1 in HERS indicates that both cell adhesion and cell proliferation are essential for HERS development. Bmp-2, Bmp-4, and Msx-2 were expressed in HERS cells during root formation. We also developed an in vitro culture system for investigating the periodontium and suggest that this system provides an excellent vehicle for full exploration, and hence improved understanding, of the development and regeneration of the periodontium. Together, our results provide a comprehensive model describing the morphogenesis of early root development in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamamoto
- Department of Oral Biology, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Brain Korea 21 project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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6
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Gostyńska KB, Yan Yuen W, Pasmooij AMG, Stellingsma C, Pas HH, Lemmink H, Jonkman MF. Carriers with functional null mutations in LAMA3 have localized enamel abnormalities due to haploinsufficiency. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 25:94-99. [PMID: 27827380 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary blistering disease junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is always accompanied by structural enamel abnormalities of primary and secondary dentition, characterized as amelogenesis imperfecta. Autosomal recessive mutations in LAMA3, LAMB3 and LAMC2 encoding the heterotrimer laminin 332 (LM-332) are among the genes causing JEB. While examining pedigrees of JEB patients with LAMA3 mutations, we observed that heterozygous carriers of functional null mutations displayed subtle enamel pitting in the absence of skin fragility or other JEB symptoms. Here, we report two new LAMA3 functional null mutations: nonsense c.2377C>T p.(Arg793Ter) and splice-site c.4684+1G>A mutation in heterozygous carriers exhibiting enamel pitting. Both parents had offspring affected with JEB and displayed subtle enamel pitting of secondary dentition without any sign of skin blistering. The reported enamel abnormality in LAMA3 mutation carriers could be attributed to a half dose effect of the laminin α3 chain (haploinsufficiency).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B Gostyńska
- Departments of Dermatology, Center for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wing Yan Yuen
- Departments of Dermatology, Center for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelius Stellingsma
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Maxillofacial Prosthetics Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendri H Pas
- Departments of Dermatology, Center for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny Lemmink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel F Jonkman
- Departments of Dermatology, Center for Blistering Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Liu H, Yan X, Pandya M, Luan X, Diekwisch TGH. Daughters of the Enamel Organ: Development, Fate, and Function of the Stratum Intermedium, Stellate Reticulum, and Outer Enamel Epithelium. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1580-1590. [PMID: 27611344 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tooth enamel organ (EO) is a complex epithelial cell assembly involved in multiple aspects of tooth development, including amelogenesis. The present study focuses on the role of the nonameloblast layers of the EO, the stratum intermedium, the stellate reticulum, and the outer enamel epithelium (OEE). The secretory stage stratum intermedium was distinguished by p63-positive epithelial stem cell marks, highly specific alkaline phosphatase labeling, as well as multiple desmosomes and gap junctions. At the location of the presecretory stage stellate reticulum, the pre-eruption EO prominently featured the papillary layer (PL) as a keratin immunopositive network of epithelial strands between tooth crowns and oral epithelium. PL cell strands contained numerous p63-positive epithelial stem cells, while BrdU proliferative cells were detected at the outer boundaries of the PL, suggesting that the stellate reticulum/PL epithelial cell sheath proliferated to facilitate an epithelial seal during tooth eruption. Comparative histology studies demonstrated continuity between the OEE and the general lamina of continuous tooth replacement in reptiles, and the outer layer of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath in humans, implicating the OEE as the formative layer for continuous tooth replacement and tooth root extension. Cell fate studies in organ culture verified that the cervical portion of the mouse molar EO gave rise to Malassez rest-like cell islands. Together, these studies indicate that the nonameloblast layers of the EO play multiple roles during odontogenesis, including the maintenance of several p63-positive stem cell reservoirs, a role during tooth root morphogenesis and tooth succession, a stabilizing function for the ameloblast layer, the facilitation of ion transport from the EO capillaries to the enamel layer, as well as safe and seamless tooth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- 1 Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, UIC Departments of Oral Biology and Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,2 Department of Anatomy, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Xiulin Yan
- 1 Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, UIC Departments of Oral Biology and Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,3 Department of Orthodontics, China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Mirali Pandya
- 4 Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis , Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xianghong Luan
- 1 Brodie Laboratory for Craniofacial Genetics, UIC Departments of Oral Biology and Orthodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas G H Diekwisch
- 4 Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis , Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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8
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Ida-Yonemochi H, Ohshiro K, Swelam W, Metwaly H, Saku T. Perlecan, a Basement Membrane-type Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan, in the Enamel Organ: Its Intraepithelial Localization in the Stellate Reticulum. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 53:763-72. [PMID: 15928325 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6479.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The localization and biosynthesis of perlecan, a basement membrane-type heparan sulfate proteoglycan, were studied in developing tooth germs by using murine molars in neonatal and postnatal stages and primary cultured cells of the enamel organ and dental papilla to demonstrate the role of perlecan in normal odontogenesis. Perlecan was immunolocalized mainly in the intercellular spaces of the enamel organ as well as in the dental papilla/pulp or in the dental follicle. By in situ hybridization, mRNA signals for perlecan core protein were intensely demonstrated in the cytoplasm of stellate reticulum cells and in dental papilla/pulp cells, including odontoblasts and fibroblastic cells in the dental follicle. Furthermore, the in vitro biosyntheses of perlecan core protein by the enamel organ and dental papilla/pulp cells were confirmed by immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The results indicate that perlecan is synthesized by the dental epithelial cells and is accumulated in their intercellular spaces to form the characteristic stellate reticulum, whose function is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata 951-8126, Japan
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9
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Kim SH, Kim S, Shin Y, Lee HS, Jeon M, Kim SO, Cho SW, Ruparel NB, Song JS. Comparative Gene Expression Analysis of the Coronal Pulp and Apical Pulp Complex in Human Immature Teeth. J Endod 2016; 42:752-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Lesot H, Hovorakova M, Peterka M, Peterkova R. Three-dimensional analysis of molar development in the mouse from the cap to bell stage. Aust Dent J 2014; 59 Suppl 1:81-100. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Lesot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; UMR 1109, Team ‘Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine’; Strasbourg France
- Université de Strasbourg; Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire; Strasbourg France
| | - M Hovorakova
- Department of Teratology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M Peterka
- Department of Teratology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - R Peterkova
- Department of Teratology; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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11
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Poulter JA, El-Sayed W, Shore RC, Kirkham J, Inglehearn CF, Mighell AJ. Whole-exome sequencing, without prior linkage, identifies a mutation in LAMB3 as a cause of dominant hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:132-5. [PMID: 23632796 PMCID: PMC3865405 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional approach to identifying the defective gene in a family with an inherited disease is to find the disease locus through family studies. However, the rapid development and decreasing cost of next generation sequencing facilitates a more direct approach. Here, we report the identification of a frameshift mutation in LAMB3 as a cause of dominant hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). Whole-exome sequencing of three affected family members and subsequent filtering of shared variants, without prior genetic linkage, sufficed to identify the pathogenic variant. Simultaneous analysis of multiple family members confirms segregation, enhancing the power to filter the genetic variation found and leading to rapid identification of the pathogenic variant. LAMB3 encodes a subunit of Laminin-5, one of a family of basement membrane proteins with essential functions in cell growth, movement and adhesion. Homozygous LAMB3 mutations cause junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) and enamel defects are seen in JEB cases. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of dominant AI due to a LAMB3 mutation in the absence of JEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Poulter
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Walid El-Sayed
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Oral Medicine, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Roger C Shore
- Department of Oral Biology, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jennifer Kirkham
- Department of Oral Biology, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan J Mighell
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Oral Medicine, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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12
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Lymperi S, Ligoudistianou C, Taraslia V, Kontakiotis E, Anastasiadou E. Dental Stem Cells and their Applications in Dental Tissue Engineering. Open Dent J 2013; 7:76-81. [PMID: 24009647 PMCID: PMC3750972 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601307010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss or absence is a common condition that can be caused by various pathological circumstances. The replacement of the missing tooth is important for medical and aesthetic reasons. Recently, scientists focus on tooth tissue engineering, as a potential treatment, beyond the existing prosthetic methods. Tooth engineering is a promising new therapeutic approach that seeks to replace the missing tooth with a bioengineered one or to restore the damaged dental tissue. Its main tool is the stem cells that are seeded on the surface of biomaterials (scaffolds), in order to create a biocomplex. Several populations of mesenchymal stem cells are found in the tooth. These different cell types are categorized according to their location in the tooth and they demonstrate slightly different features. It appears that the dental stem cells isolated from the dental pulp and the periodontal ligament are the most powerful cells for tooth engineering. Additional research needs to be performed in order to address the problem of finding a suitable source of epithelial stem cells, which are important for the regeneration of the enamel. Nevertheless, the results of the existing studies are encouraging and strongly support the belief that tooth engineering can offer hope to people suffering from dental problems or tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lymperi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, University of Athens, Greece ; Department of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, Greece
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13
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Kawasaki K. Odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein (ODAM) and amelotin: Major players in hypermineralization of enamel and enameloid. J Oral Biosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Sujesh M, Rangarajan V, Ravi Kumar C, Sunil Kumar G. Stem cell mediated tooth regeneration: new vistas in dentistry. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2011; 12:1-7. [PMID: 23450066 DOI: 10.1007/s13191-011-0110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of dental structures and/or entire teeth in the laboratory depends upon the manipulation of stem cells and requires a synergy of all cellular and molecular events that finally lead to the formation of tooth-specific hard tissues, dentin and enamel. This review focuses on the different sources of stem cells that have been used for making teeth in vitro and their relative efficiency. Embryonic, post-natal and adult stem cells were assessed and proved to possess an enormous regenerative potential, but their application in dental practice is still limited due to various parameters that are not yet under control such as the high risk of rejection, cell behaviour, long tooth eruption period, appropriate crown morphology and suitable colour. Nevertheless, the development of biological approaches for dental reconstruction using stem cells is promising and remains one of the greatest challenges in the dental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sujesh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Mamata Dental College and Hospitals, Giriprasad Nagar, Khammam, Andhra Pradesh 507002 India
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15
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Molla M, Descroix V, Aïoub M, Simon S, Castañeda B, Hotton D, Bolaños A, Simon Y, Lezot F, Goubin G, Berdal A. Enamel protein regulation and dental and periodontal physiopathology in MSX2 mutant mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:2516-26. [PMID: 20934968 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways that underlie postnatal dental and periodontal physiopathology are less studied than those of early tooth development. Members of the muscle segment homeobox gene (Msx) family encode homeoproteins that show functional redundancy during development and are known to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that lead to crown morphogenesis and ameloblast cell differentiation. This study analyzed the MSX2 protein during mouse postnatal growth as well as in the adult. The analysis focused on enamel and periodontal defects and enamel proteins in Msx2-null mutant mice. In the epithelial lifecycle, the levels of MSX2 expression and enamel protein secretion were inversely related. Msx2+/- mice showed increased amelogenin expression, enamel thickness, and rod size. Msx2-/- mice displayed compound phenotypic characteristics of enamel defects, related to both enamel-specific gene mutations (amelogenin and enamelin) in isolated amelogenesis imperfecta, and cell-cell junction elements (laminin 5 and cytokeratin 5) in other syndromes. These effects were also related to ameloblast disappearance, which differed between incisors and molars. In Msx2-/- roots, Malassez cells formed giant islands that overexpressed amelogenin and ameloblastin that grew over months. Aberrant expression of enamel proteins is proposed to underlie the regional osteopetrosis and hyperproduction of cellular cementum. These enamel and periodontal phenotypes of Msx2 mutants constitute the first case report of structural and signaling defects associated with enamel protein overexpression in a postnatal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Molla
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, University of Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, INSERM, UMRS 872, Paris Cedex 06, France.
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16
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Bei M. Molecular genetics of ameloblast cell lineage. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2009; 312B:437-44. [PMID: 19090561 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Late tooth morphogenesis is characterized by a series of events that determine crown morphogenesis and the histodifferentiation of epithelial cells into enamel-secreting ameloblasts and of mesenchymal cells into dentin-secreting odontoblasts. Functional ameloblasts are tall, columnar, polarized cells that synthesize and secrete a number of enamel-specific proteins. After depositing the full thickness of enamel matrix, ameloblasts shrink in size and regulate enamel maturation. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited defects in enamel formation. Clinically, AI presents as a spectrum of enamel malformations that are categorized as hypoplastic, hypocalcified, or hypomaturation types, based upon the thickness and hardness of the enamel. The different types of AI are inherited, either as X-linked, autosomal-dominant, or autosomal-recessive traits. Recently, several gene mutations have been identified to cause the subtypes of AI. How these genes, however, coordinate their function to control amelogenesis is not understood. In this review, we discuss the role of genes that play definitive role on the determination of ameloblast cell fate and life cycle based on studies in transgenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Bei
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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17
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Asaka T, Akiyama M, Domon T, Nishie W, Natsuga K, Fujita Y, Abe R, Kitagawa Y, Shimizu H. Type XVII collagen is a key player in tooth enamel formation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:91-100. [PMID: 19036806 PMCID: PMC2631322 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inherited tooth enamel hypoplasia occurs due to mutations in genes that encode major enamel components. Enamel hypoplasia also has been reported in junctional epidermolysis bullosa, caused by mutations in the genes that encode type XVII collagen (COL17), a component of the epithelial-mesenchymal junction. To elucidate the pathological mechanisms of the enamel hypoplasia that arise from the deficiency of epithelial-mesenchymal junction molecules, such as COL17, we investigated tooth formation in our recently established Col17(-/-) and Col17 rescued mice. Compared with wild-type mice, the incisors of the Col17(-/-) mice exhibited reduced yellow pigmentation, diminished iron deposition, delayed calcification, and markedly irregular enamel prisms, indicating the presence of enamel hypoplasia. The molars of the Col17(-/-) mice demonstrated advanced occlusal wear. These abnormalities were corrected in the Col17 rescued humanized mice. Thus, the Col17(-/-) mice clearly reproduced the enamel hypoplasia in human patients with junctional epidermolysis bullosa. We were able to investigate tooth formation in the Col17(-/-) mice because the Col17(-/-) genotype is not lethal. Col17(-/-) mouse incisors had poorly differentiated ameloblasts that lacked enamel protein-secreting Tomes' processes and reduced mRNA expression of amelogenin, ameloblastin, and of other enamel genes. These findings indicated that COL17 regulates ameloblast differentiation and is essential for normal formation of Tomes' processes. In conclusion, COL17 deficiency disrupts the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, leading to both defective ameloblast differentiation and enamel malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Asaka
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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Epithelial histogenesis during tooth development. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 54 Suppl 1:S25-33. [PMID: 18656852 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the current understanding of the progressive changes mediating dental epithelial histogenesis as a basis for future collaborative studies. Tooth development involves morphogenesis, epithelial histogenesis and cell differentiation. The consecutive morphological stages of lamina, bud, cap and bell are also characterized by changes in epithelial histogenesis. Differential cell proliferation rates, apoptosis, and alterations in adhesion and shape lead to the positioning of groups of cells with different functions. During tooth histo-morphogenesis changes occur in basement membrane composition, expression of signalling molecules and the localization of cell surface components. Cell positional identity may be related to cell history. Another important parameter is cell plasticity. Independently of signalling molecules, which play a major role in inducing or modulating specific steps, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions regulate the plasticity/rigidity of particular domains of the enamel organ. This involves specifying in space the differential growth and influences the progressive tooth morphogenesis by shaping the epithelial-mesenchymal junction. Deposition of a mineralized matrix determines the final shape of the crown. All data reviewed in this paper were investigated in the mouse.
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Yoshiba N, Yoshiba K, Hosoya A, Saito M, Yokoi T, Okiji T, Amizuka N, Ozawa H. Association of TIMP-2 with extracellular matrix exposed to mechanical stress and its co-distribution with periostin during mouse mandible development. Cell Tissue Res 2007; 330:133-45. [PMID: 17602244 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-007-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Matrix remodeling is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Periostin, originally identified in a mouse osteoblastic library, plays a role in cell adhesion and migration and in mechanical stress-induced matrix remodeling. In this study, we analyzed and compared the distribution patterns of TIMP-2 and periostin during mouse mandible development. Immunohistochemical staining for TIMP-2 and periostin was carried out on serial cryosections obtained from mice at embryonic days 13-16, postnatal day 2 (P2), P35, and 12 weeks of age. TIMP-2 and periostin exhibited a strikingly similar protein distribution during mandible development. From bud to early bell stages of molars, TIMP-2 and periostin were highly expressed on the lingual and anterior sides of the basement membrane and on the adjacent jaw mesenchyme. In pre- and postnatal incisors, the basement membrane of the apical loop and dental follicle was immunostained for TIMP-2 and periostin. At postnatal stages, TIMP-2 and periostin were prominently confined to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of gingival tissues, periodontal ligaments, and tendons (all recipients of mechanical strain). However, periostin was solely detected in the lower portion of the inner root sheath of hair follicles. Gingiva of P2 cultured in anti-TIMP-2 antibody-conditioned medium showed markedly reduced staining of periostin. We suggest that TIMP-2 and periostin are co-distributed on ECM exposed to mechanical forces and coordinately function as ECM modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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20
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Yoshiba N, Yoshiba K, Stoetzel C, Perrin-Schmitt F, Cam Y, Ruch JV, Hosoya A, Ozawa H, Lesot H. Differential regulation of TIMP-1, -2, and -3 mRNA and protein expressions during mouse incisor development. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 324:97-104. [PMID: 16418837 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-0123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) possess multiple functions, in addition to their matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitory activity. The continuously growing incisor of mouse possesses a stem cell compartment at the apical end of the epithelium (the apical loop) and thus provides an excellent tool to analyze the mechanisms of organogenesis and cytodifferentiation. To understand the functions of TIMPs in tooth development, we have analyzed the gene expression and protein localization of TIMP-1, -2, and -3 during mouse incisor development, from embryonic day 13 (E13) to postnatal day 3 (P3). TIMP-1 was present on the basement membrane during early developmental stages. At P2, TIMP-1 was strongly detected along the apical loop, transiently disappeared from the basement membrane in the cytodifferentiation zone, and later reappeared at the distal end of functional ameloblasts. Expression of TIMP-2 protein was restricted to the outer part of the apical loop throughout the examined stages. At P2, TIMP-2 was present on the basement membrane at the outer part of the apical loop. The dental follicle also expressed Timp-2, and the corresponding protein was abundant within the extracellular matrix. Timp-3 mRNA was highly expressed in the mesenchyme surrounding the apical loop. During matrix formation, Timp-3 was expressed by subodontoblasts, and the protein was detected in this layer and between odontoblasts. Distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns of TIMPs suggest divergent functions of these factors in incisor organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 5274, Niigata, Japan.
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21
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Hu B, Nadiri A, Bopp-Küchler S, Perrin-Schmitt F, Lesot H. Dental Epithelial Histomorphogenesis in vitro. J Dent Res 2005; 84:521-5. [PMID: 15914588 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in tooth-tissue engineering require that we understand the regulatory processes to be preserved to achieve histomorphogenesis and cell differentiation, especially for enamel tissue engineering. Using mouse first lower molars, our objectives were: (1) to determine whether the cap-stage dental mesenchyme can control dental epithelial histogenesis, (2) to test the role of the primary enamel knot (PEK) in specifying the potentialities of the dental mesenchyme, and (3) to evaluate the importance of positional information in epithelial cells. After tissue dissociation, the dental epithelium was further dissociated into individual cells, re-associated with dental mesenchyme, and cultured. Epithelial cells showed a high plasticity: Despite a complete loss of positional information, they rapidly underwent typical dental epithelial histogenesis. This was stimulated by the mesenchyme. Experiments performed at E13 demonstrated that the initial potentialities of the mesenchyme are not specified by the PEK. Positional information of dental epithelial cells does not require the memorization of their history.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hu
- UMR INSERM 595, Faculté de Médecine, Université Louis Pasteur, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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22
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Abstract
Late tooth morphogenesis is characterized by a series of events that determine cusp morphogenesis and the histodifferentiation of epithelial cells into enamel-secreting ameloblasts. Mice lacking the homeobox gene Msx2 exhibit defects in cusp morphogenesis and in the process of amelogenesis. To better understand the basis of the Msx2 mutant tooth defects, we have investigated the function of Msx2 during late stages of tooth morphogenesis. Cusp formation is thought to be under the control of the enamel knot, which has been proposed to act as an organizing center during this process (Vaahtokari et al. [ 1996] Mech. Dev. 54:39-43). Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) has been suggested to mediate termination of enamel knot signaling by means of regulation of programmed cell death (Jernvall et al. [ 1998] Development 125:161-169). Here, we show that Bmp4 expression in the enamel knot is Msx2-dependent. We further show that during amelogenesis Msx2 is required for the expression of the extracellular matrix gene Laminin 5 alpha 3, which is known to play an essential role during ameloblast differentiation. This result thus provides a paradigm for understanding how transcription factors and extracellular matrix can be integrated into a developmental pathway controlling cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Bei
- Genetics Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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23
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Hu B, Nadiri A, Bopp-Kuchler S, Perrin-Schmitt F, Wang S, Lesot H. Dental epithelial histo-morphogenesis in the mouse: positional information versus cell history. Arch Oral Biol 2005; 50:131-6. [PMID: 15721139 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2004.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions control odontogenesis and the cap stage tooth germ mesenchyme specifies crown morphogenesis. The aim of this work was to determine whether this mesenchyme could also control epithelial histogenesis. Dental mesenchyme and enamel organ were dissociated from mouse first lower molars at E14. At this early cap stage, the enamel organ consists of four cell types forming the inner dental epithelium (IDE), primary enamel knot (PEK), outer dental epithelium (ODE) and the stellate reticulum (SR). Pelleted trypsin-dissociated single dental epithelial cells, which had lost all positional information, were reassociated to either dental mesenchyme or dissociated mesenchymal cells and cultured in vitro. Although with different timings, teeth developed in both types of experiments showing a characteristic dental epithelial histogenesis, cusp formation, and the differentiation of functional odontoblasts and ameloblasts. The rapid progression of the initial steps of histogenesis suggested that the cell history was not memorized. The dental mesenchyme, as well as dissociated mesenchymal cells, induced the formation of a PEK indicating that no specific organisation in the mesenchyme is required for this step. However, the proportion of well-formed multicusped teeth was much higher when intact mesenchyme was used instead of dissociated mesenchymal cells. The mesenchymal cell dissociation had consequences for the functionality of the newly-formed PEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- INSERM U595, Faculty of Medicine, 11, rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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24
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Abstract
Mineralized tissues are unique in that they use proteins to attract and organize calcium and phosphate ions into a structured mineral phase, thus precise knowledge of the expression and extracellular distribution of matrix proteins is very important to understand their function. Tooth development is regulated by sequential and reciprocal interactions between neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells and the oral environment. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that mediate interactions between epithelium and mesenchymal cells are not clear, although basement membrane (BM) components have been shown to play important roles in these regulatory events. In addition, the extracellular matrix layer, whose main components are laminin, collagen IV, nidogen, and sulfated proteoglycan, and the BM layer are both considered to be involved with cell proliferation and differentiation. During tooth morphogenesis, extracellular matrices are dramatically changed. Further, the BM components, laminin and collagen IV support dental epithelium; however, in the late stage, they begin the processes of enamel matrix secretion and calcification, after which the BM structure between the dental epithelium and mesenchyme disappears. In addition, tooth abnormalities associated with several kinds of human diseases that cause mutations in the extracellular matrix, as well as the molecular mechanisms of the basement membrane and enamel matrix during tooth morphogenesis, are not clearly understood. In our review, we discuss the role of the extracellular matrix, with focus on the BM and enamel matrix during tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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25
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Swerczek TW, Lieto LD, Cothran E. Developmental defects of enamel in American Saddlebred foals with epitheliogenesis imperfecta. J Equine Vet Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yoshiba N, Yoshiba K, Stoetzel C, Perrin-Schmitt F, Cam Y, Ruch JV, Lesot H. Temporospatial gene expression and protein localization of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors during mouse molar tooth development. Dev Dyn 2003; 228:105-12. [PMID: 12950084 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.10352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene expression and protein distribution of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2, -9, membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP), as well as of TIMP-1, -2, and -3 were analyzed during mouse molar development. Immunohistochemical data demonstrated that all the MMPs investigated were expressed in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme. In contrast, gene and protein expression analysis for TIMPs showed that they were differentially expressed. TIMP-1 was expressed in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme between E13 and E16 and was transiently up-regulated at E14, the cap stage. TIMP-1 expression was also detected in differentiating odontoblasts. TIMP-2 RNA transcripts were found in the peridental and dental mesenchyme, odontoblasts, and ameloblasts. Protein analysis revealed high expression on the lingual side of the dental epithelium and underlying mesenchyme together with transient expression in the enamel knot at E14 and expression in the gingival tissue and enamel matrix postnatally. TIMP-3 RNA transcripts were found in discrete regions of the dental epithelium, including at high levels in the cervical loop at E16. Expression was also detected in preodontoblasts at E16 and transiently during ameloblast differentiation. Analysis of the protein distribution revealed a lower level of TIMP-3 on the lingual side of the dental epithelium at E14. MT1-MMP was expressed in the dental mesenchyme between E13 and E16, at relatively high levels in the cervical loop at E14, and in the odontoblasts and ameloblasts. The distinct temporospatial distribution patterns of the TIMPs suggest that these inhibitors play several intrinsic roles during tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagako Yoshiba
- Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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27
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Lesot H, Kieffer-Combeau S, Fausser JL, Meyer JM, Perrin-Schmitt F, Peterková R, Peterka M, Ruch JV. Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during initial enamel organ histomorphogenesis in the mouse. Connect Tissue Res 2003; 43:191-200. [PMID: 12489158 DOI: 10.1080/03008200290000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions and enamel organ histomorphogenesis were examined by immunostaining and electron microscopy. During the cap-bell transition in the mouse molar, laminin-5 (LN5) disappeared from the basement membrane (BM) associated with the inner dental epithelium (IDE), and nondividing IDE cells from the enamel knot (EK) underwent a tooth-specific segregation in as many subpopulations as cusps develop. In the incisor, the basement membrane (BM) in contact with EK cells showed strong staining for LN5 and integrin alpha 6 beta 4. LN5 seems to provide stable adhesion, while its proteolytic processing might facilitate cell segregation. In both teeth, immunostaining for antigens associated with desmosomes or adherens junctions was similar for EK cells and neighboring IDE cells. Outside the EK, IDE cell-BM interactions changed locally during the initial molar cusp delimitation and on the labial part of the incisor cervical loop. Conversely, cell-cell junctions stabilized the anterior part of the incisor during completion of morphogenesis. Time and space regulation of cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions might thus play complementary roles in allowing plasticity during tooth morphogenesis and stabilization at later stages of epithelial histogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lesot
- INSERM U424, Institut de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, 11, rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg, France.
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28
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Cam Y, Fausser JL, Vonesch JL, Peterkova R, Peterka M, Halaskova M, Lesot H. Asymmetrical morphogenesis and medio-lateral positioning of molars during mouse development. Eur J Oral Sci 2002; 110:35-43. [PMID: 11878758 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2002.00140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The functionality of the dentition depends on occlusal relationships between opposing crown surfaces. To investigate the relative changes in positioning of upper and lower molar germs during mouse development, we used serial histological sections of late day 13 (embryonic day (ED)13.5) to early day 18 (ED18) foetus heads and performed computer-aided 3D reconstructions. From ED13.5 to ED15.5. the first lower molar (M1) got a less medial position relative to its upper counterpart (M1); superimposition progressed postero-anteriorly. From ED14.5, the apparent medial displacement of M(1) vs. M1 was partly due to the asymmetrical growth of the M(1) to give rise to the lingual row of cusps, conspicuous at ED17. The superimposition of M(2)/M2 along the medio-lateral axis was observed from their bud stage (ED14.5), and the one of M(1)/M1 was almost complete at ED15.5. However, this was not the final position. as at ED 18, M1 and M2 had a more lateral location than their upper counterparts. Immunostaining showed that differential expression of antigens associated to desmosomes but not to adherens junctions might be involved in the asymmetrical development of M(1) thus contributing to the relative medio-lateral positioning of the first molars at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Cam
- INSERM Unit 424, Institut de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.
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29
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Felszeghy S, Módis L, Tammi M, Tammi R. The distribution pattern of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 during human tooth development. Arch Oral Biol 2001; 46:939-45. [PMID: 11451408 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(01)00053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the expression pattern of the major cell-surface hyaluronan receptor CD44, as there are no existing data on its presence or absence in human dental structures at different developmental stages. Immunohistochemical localization of CD44 was studied using a monoclonal antibody, H3, that specifically recognizes an epitope in the common backbone of all CD44 isoforms. The dental lamina displayed a strong CD44 signal; the external enamel epithelium was negative. In the coronal region of the tooth germ the presecretory ameloblasts showed an intense reaction whereas the less differentiated inner enamel epithelial cells showed no signal at the cervical loop where they meet the external enamel epithelium. In the stellate reticulum a moderate reaction was detected. The secretory ameloblasts and the stratum intermedium showed a strong cell-surface CD44 signal. A strong signal was also observed on the odontoblasts and their processes. In the pulp, close to the odontoblastic layer, weak labelling was seen in the walls of capillary vessels. The distribution of CD44 in the human tooth germ corresponds to that of hyaluronan in most locations, suggesting that during tooth development this transmembrane protein plays an important part in hyaluronan-mediated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Felszeghy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary.
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30
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Lesot H, Lisi S, Peterkova R, Peterka M, Mitolo V, Ruch JV. Epigenetic signals during odontoblast differentiation. Adv Dent Res 2001; 15:8-13. [PMID: 12640731 DOI: 10.1177/08959374010150012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Odontoblast terminal differentiation occurs according to a tooth-specific pattern and implies both temporospatially regulated epigenetic signaling and the expression of specific competence. Differentiation of odontoblasts (withdrawal from the cell cycle, cytological polarization, and secretion of predentin/dentin) is controlled by the inner dental epithelium, and the basement membrane (BM) plays a major role both as a substrate and as a reservoir of paracrine molecules. Cytological differentiation implies changes in the organization of the cytoskeleton and is controlled by cytoskeleton-plasma membrane-extracellular matrix interactions. Fibronectin is re-distributed during odontoblast polarization and interacts with cell-surface molecules. A non-integrin 165-kDa fibronectin-binding protein, transiently expressed by odontoblasts, is involved in microfilament reorganization. Growth factors (TGF beta 1, 2, 3/BMP2, 4, and 6), expressed in tooth germs, signal differentiation. Systemically derived molecules (IGF1) may also intervene. IGF1 stimulates cytological but not functional differentiation of odontoblasts: The two events can thus be separated. Immobilized TGF beta 1 (combined with heparin) induced odontoblast differentiation. Only immobilized TGF beta 1 and 3 or a combination of FGF1 and TGF beta 1 stimulated the differentiation of functional odontoblasts over extended areas and allowed for maintenance of gradients of differentiation. Presentation of active molecules in vitro appeared to be of major importance; the BM should fulfill this role in vivo by immobilizing and spatially presenting TGF beta s. Attempts are being made to investigate the mechanisms which spatially control the initiation of odontoblast differentiation and those which regulate its propagation. Analysis of molar development suggested that odontoblast differentiation and crown morphogenesis are interdependent, although the possibility of co-regulation requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lesot
- INSERM U424, Institut de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, II, rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg, France.
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Rodgers KD, Barritt L, Miner JH, Cosgrove D. The laminins in the murine inner ear: developmental transitions and expression in cochlear basement membranes. Hear Res 2001; 158:39-50. [PMID: 11506935 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(01)00283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The laminins are a family of heterotrimeric extracellular matrix molecules that form suprastructural networks in basement membranes and elsewhere. They interact with integrin receptors, playing key roles in modulating programs of cytodifferentiation and maintaining tissue homeostasis in animals. Earlier studies have demonstrated an extensive laminin network in both the developing and adult cochlea, primarily associated with the basement membranes. These studies, however, did not address the laminin chain composition of these networks. In this study, we used antibodies specific for the known laminin chains to examine the composition of laminins in both the developing and adult murine cochlea. The results illustrate a complex and dynamic postnatal developmental regulation pattern for most of these chains, and suggest that an unusually large number of laminin heterotrimers are present in both the developing and adult cochlea. The laminin composition at postnatal day 2 is relatively simple. By postnatal day 7, however, activation of several laminin chains results in a very complex laminin composition. In the basement membrane underlying the region of the basilar membrane under the developing organ of Corti, eight of the 11 known basement membrane laminins are possible by co-localization inference. Dynamic changes in expression continue through day 14, but simplify by adulthood. Thus, the most dynamic period for laminin expression in the mouse cochlea coincides with terminal cytodifferentiation of the cochlear epithelial structures. Considering the well established role of laminins in regulating both embryonic and organ development in other systems, these data suggest a closer look at the role of the laminins in cochlear development and function may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Rodgers
- Department of Genetics, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lesot
- INSERM U424, Institut de Biologie Medicale, Strasbourg, France.
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Olague-Marchan M, Twining SS, Hacker MK, McGrath JA, Diaz LA, Giudice GJ. A disease-associated glycine substitution in BP180 (type XVII collagen) leads to a local destabilization of the major collagen triple helix. Matrix Biol 2000; 19:223-33. [PMID: 10936447 DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(00)00070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BP180 is a homotrimeric transmembrane protein with a carboxy-terminal ectodomain that forms an interrupted collagen triple helix. Null type mutations in the BP180 gene produce a recessive subepidermal blistering disease, non-Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Like the null mutations, a glycine substitution (G627V) within the longest BP180 collagenous domain (COL15) is also associated with the recessive skin disease; however, unlike the null mutations, this glycine substitution appears to act in a dominant fashion to give rise to a novel form of random pitting dental enamel hypoplasia. The dominant effects of this mutation were thought to be due to alterations in the assembly and/or stability of this BP180 collagenous region. To further investigate this issue, a structural analysis was performed on recombinant forms of the wild type and G627V mutant BP180 ectodomain. Both proteins were found to form collagen-like triple helices with very similar Stokes radii and melting temperatures and exhibited very similar rates of synthesis, secretion and turn-over. Tryptic digestion analysis revealed that the mutant G627V-sec180e contains an additional highly sensitive proteolytic site that maps within the region of the mutation. Thus, the disease-associated G627V mutation in BP180 does not grossly alter protein structure, but causes a local destabilization of the triple-helix that exposes sensitive residues to the in vitro effects of trypsin and possibly affects its structure-function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olague-Marchan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226, USA
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Salo T, Kainulainen T, Parikka M, Heikinheimo K. Expression of laminin-5 in ameloblastomas and human fetal teeth. J Oral Pathol Med 1999; 28:337-42. [PMID: 10478957 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1999.tb02050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins have been shown to play important roles in the cell migration and differentiation in both normal and pathological conditions. In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to determine the distribution of laminin-5 in ameloblastomas and developing human teeth. In ameloblastomas, the immunoreaction for the laminin-5 gamma2 chain was confined to the tumor cells of the peripheral area. The staining reaction was variable, being mostly weak and fragmented in the basement membrane structures surrounding the neoplastic islands. Some peripheral epithelial cells and some invading small ameloblastoma cell islands showed intense intracellular staining for the gamma2 chain. Tumor cells in the proliferating areas of ameloblastomas expressed gamma2 chain mRNA. The laminin-5 gamma2 chain was located beneath the dental lamina and in the outer, but not in the inner, enamel epithelium of the developing teeth. During the early hard tissue apposition stage, intense staining for the gamma2 chain was confined to ameloblasts, which also gave a strong signal for gamma2 chain mRNA. These results suggest that laminin-5 may contribute to the infiltrative and progressive growing potential of ameloblastomas. During human tooth development, however, laminin-5 may participate in the terminal differentiation of ameloblasts and in enamel matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Salo
- Department of Diagnostic and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland
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Ryan MC, Lee K, Miyashita Y, Carter WG. Targeted disruption of the LAMA3 gene in mice reveals abnormalities in survival and late stage differentiation of epithelial cells. J Cell Biol 1999; 145:1309-23. [PMID: 10366601 PMCID: PMC2133157 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.145.6.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/1999] [Revised: 04/23/1999] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin 5 regulates anchorage and motility of epithelial cells through integrins alpha6beta4 and alpha3beta1, respectively. We used targeted disruption of the LAMA3 gene, which encodes the alpha3 subunit of laminin 5 and other isoforms, to examine developmental functions that are regulated by adhesion to the basement membrane (BM). In homozygous null animals, profound epithelial abnormalities were detected that resulted in neonatal lethality, consistent with removal of all alpha3-laminin isoforms from epithelial BMs. Alterations in three different cellular functions were identified. First, using a novel tissue adhesion assay, we found that the mutant BM could not induce stable adhesion by integrin alpha6beta4, consistent with the presence of junctional blisters and abnormal hemidesmosomes. In the absence of laminin 5 function, we were able to detect a new ligand for integrin alpha3beta1 in the epidermal BM, suggesting that basal keratinocytes can utilize integrin alpha3beta1 to interact with an alternative ligand. Second, we identified a survival defect in mutant epithelial cells that could be rescued by exogenous laminin 5, collagen, or an antibody against integrin alpha6beta4, suggesting that signaling through beta1 or beta4 integrins is sufficient for survival. Third, we detected abnormalities in ameloblast differentiation in developing mutant incisors indicating that events downstream of adhesion are affected in mutant animals. These results indicate that laminin 5 has an important role in regulating tissue organization, gene expression, and survival of epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Ryan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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Zhou HM, Nichols A, Wohlwend A, Bolon I, Vassalli JD. Extracellular proteolysis alters tooth development in transgenic mice expressing urokinase-type plasminogen activator in the enamel organ. Development 1999; 126:903-12. [PMID: 9927592 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.5.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
By catalyzing plasmin formation, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) can generate widespread extracellular proteolysis and thereby play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulated expression of uPA during organogenesis may be a cause of developmental defects. Targeted epithelial expression of a uPA-encoding transgene under the control of the keratin type-5 promoter resulted in enzyme production by the enamel epithelium, which does not normally express uPA, and altered tooth development. The incisors of transgenic mice were fragile, chalky-white and, by scanning electron microscopy, their labial surface appeared granular. This phenotype was attributed to a defect in enamel formation during incisor development, resulting from structural and functional alterations of the ameloblasts that differentiate from the labial enamel epithelium. Immunofluorescence revealed that disorganization of the ameloblast layer was associated with a loss of laminin-5, an extracellular matrix molecule mediating epithelial anchorage. Amelogenin, a key protein in enamel formation, was markedly decreased at the enamel-dentin junction in transgenics, presumably because of an apparent alteration in the polarity of its secretion. In addition, increased levels of active transforming growth factor-beta could be demonstrated in mandibles of transgenic mice. Since the alterations detected could be attributed to uPA catalytic activity, this model provides evidence as to how dysregulated proteolysis, involving uPA or other extracellular proteases, may have developmental consequences such as those leading to enamel defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Zhou
- Department of Morphology, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
Histological and cytological organization confer specificity to the odontoblasts. These postmitotic, neural crest derived, polarized cells are aligned in a single layer at the periphery of the dental pulp and secrete the organic components of predentin-dentin. The developmental history of these cells demands a cascade of epigenetic signalling events comprising the acquisition of odontogenic potential by neural crest cells, their patterning in the developing jaws, the initiation of odontogenesis through interaction with the oral epithelium, commitment, and tooth-specific spatial distribution of competent preodontoblasts able to overtly differentiate. Recent experimental investigations are critically summarized, many open questions are stressed, and current hypotheses concerning the control of terminal odontoblast differentiation are outlined.Key words: odontoblast, neural crest, oral ectoderm, differentiation.
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Fausser JL, Schlepp O, Aberdam D, Meneguzzi G, Ruch JV, Lesot H. Localization of antigens associated with adherens junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes during murine molar morphogenesis. Differentiation 1998; 63:1-11. [PMID: 9615388 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.1998.6310001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epitheliomesenchymal interactions are known to play a crucial role during odontogenesis. Since epithelial cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions may also be involved in enamel organ histomorphogenesis, we investigated the localization of proteins associated with junctional complexes in mouse and rat first lower molars by indirect immunofluorescence. Adherens junctions were detected using antibodies directed against E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and plakoglobin (gamma-catenin). Desmosomes were localized with antibodies against desmoglein, and hemidesmosomes using antibodies against BP-230 and HD-1 proteins. When the inner dental epithelium differentiates, a decrease of E-cadherin, plakoglobin, and BP-230 is seen. An asymmetric distribution of plakoglobin, desmoglein, and BP-230 between the lateral and medial side of the tooth exists; desmoglein, which was first restricted to the gubernaculum dentis, progressively accumulated in the stellate reticulum, the stratum intermedium, and the basal pole of ameloblasts. The specific temporospatial distributions patterns of these antigens suggests a direct involvement of adherens junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes in the development of the murine first lower molar.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Fausser
- INSERM U.424, Institut de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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