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Saebnia N, Neshati Z, Bahrami AR. Role of microRNAs in etiology of azoospermia and their application as non-invasive biomarkers in diagnosis of azoospermic patients. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 50:102207. [PMID: 34407467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Azoospermia is a common cause of male infertility without any sperm in the semen and consists of ∼1% of all males and ∼15% of infertile ones. Currently, no accurate non-invasive diagnostic method exists for patients with azoospermia and testis biopsy is mandatory to determine if any spermatozoa exist in the testes. Studies have clarified that the expression of some distinct microRNAs shows alterations in azoospermic patients. MicroRNAs play critical roles during spermatogenesis and their dysregulation can defect this process. Here, we review studied microRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of azoospermia and their target genes. Moreover, we will imply the utility of seminal plasma microRNAs as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for azoospermia. We hope such studies could help patients with azoospermia in both diagnosis and treatment, in order that they could father their own biological children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Saebnia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Neshati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Capistrano da Silva E, Gibson DJ, Jeong S, Zimmerman KL, Smith-Fleming KM, Martins BDC. Determining MMP-2 and MMP-9 reductive activities of bovine and equine amniotic membranes homogenates using fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:279-287. [PMID: 33834598 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9 are present in corneal ulcers, and an imbalance between MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) leads to further corneal degradation. Amniotic membrane homogenate (AMH) has proteolytic properties beneficial for corneal healing, but it is unknown whether AMH possesses TIMPs or effectively inhibits MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. OBJECTIVE To determine if bovine and equine AMH reduce in vitro MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities associated with the presence of TIMPs. PROCEDURES Undiluted and diluted twofold series (0-fold to 16-fold dilutions) of equine amniotic membrane homogenates (EAMH, n = 8) and bovine amniotic membrane homogenates (BAMH, n = 8) were subjected to fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and the fluorescence emitted was recorded over time. Average fluorescence was calculated versus recombinant concentration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for TIMPs 1-4 were applied to quantify TIMPs in the samples. RESULTS AMH from both species were able to inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in vitro, and the inhibition efficacy decreased gradually with dilution. BAMH was significantly more effective than EAMH at inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 in vitro. TIMPs -2 and -3 were present in EAMH and BAMH. TIMP-1 was detected only in BAMH, and TIMP-4 was not detected in any samples. CONCLUSION Both EAMH and BAMH directly inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 in vitro without dilution, and BAMH showed better inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 before and after dilution compared to EAMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erotides Capistrano da Silva
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Gibson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sunyoung Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kelli L Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn M Smith-Fleming
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bianca da C Martins
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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3
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Hardy E, Fernandez-Patron C. Destroy to Rebuild: The Connection Between Bone Tissue Remodeling and Matrix Metalloproteinases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:47. [PMID: 32116759 PMCID: PMC7013034 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ that undergoes constant remodeling, an energetically costly process by which old bone is replaced and localized bone defects are repaired to renew the skeleton over time, thereby maintaining skeletal health. This review provides a general overview of bone’s main players (bone lining cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, reversal cells, and osteoblasts) that participate in bone remodeling. Placing emphasis on the family of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we describe how: (i) Convergence of multiple protease families (including MMPs and cysteine proteinases) ensures complexity and robustness of the bone remodeling process, (ii) Enzymatic activity of MMPs affects bone physiology at the molecular and cellular levels and (iii) Either overexpression or deficiency/insufficiency of individual MMPs impairs healthy bone remodeling and systemic metabolism. Today, it is generally accepted that proteolytic activity is required for the degradation of bone tissue in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. However, it is increasingly evident that inactivating mutations in MMP genes can also lead to bone pathology including osteolysis and metabolic abnormalities such as delayed growth. We argue that there remains a need to rethink the role played by proteases in bone physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Salas-Huetos A, James ER, Aston KI, Jenkins TG, Carrell DT, Yeste M. The Expression of miRNAs in Human Ovaries, Oocytes, Extracellular Vesicles, and Early Embryos: A Systematic Review. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121564. [PMID: 31817143 PMCID: PMC6952888 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human reproductive tissues and cells indicates a possible functional role in reproductive function. However, the studies published to date in female reproductive tissues/cells and embryos are inconclusive and sometimes controversial. In order to update the knowledge of this field, the present study aimed to discuss, through a systematic review, the role of miRNAs in female human reproduction and early embryogenesis. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through June 2018 (plus a complementary search until July 2019), in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. We have included descriptive and observational studies, in which fertile/infertile women were well-defined. The primary outcome was the miRNA expression in ovaries, oocytes, extracellular vesicles, and embryos. We identified 25,204 articles, of which 28 were selected for qualitative analysis: 18 in ovaries and extracellular vesicles, three in oocytes, and seven in embryos. The present systematic review of descriptive and observational studies demonstrates that aberrant miRNA expression in female reproductive tissues/cells and embryos is related with infertility and embryogenesis errors. The expression of specific miRNAs, particularly in extracellular vesicles, may be used in the future as biomarkers of infertility and prognostic tools of embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Salas-Huetos
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (E.R.J.); (K.I.A.); (T.G.J.); (D.T.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.-H.); (M.Y.); Tel.: +34-972419514 (M.Y.)
| | - Emma R. James
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (E.R.J.); (K.I.A.); (T.G.J.); (D.T.C.)
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Kenneth I. Aston
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (E.R.J.); (K.I.A.); (T.G.J.); (D.T.C.)
| | - Timothy G. Jenkins
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (E.R.J.); (K.I.A.); (T.G.J.); (D.T.C.)
| | - Douglas T. Carrell
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (E.R.J.); (K.I.A.); (T.G.J.); (D.T.C.)
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.S.-H.); (M.Y.); Tel.: +34-972419514 (M.Y.)
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Natale BV, Mehta P, Vu P, Schweitzer C, Gustin K, Kotadia R, Natale DRC. Reduced Uteroplacental Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) causes altered trophoblast differentiation and pericyte reduction in the mouse placenta labyrinth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17162. [PMID: 30464252 PMCID: PMC6249310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the effect of the reduced utero-placental perfusion pressure (RUPP) model of placental insufficiency on placental morphology and trophoblast differentiation at mid-late gestation (E14.5). Altered trophoblast proliferation, reduced syncytiotrophoblast gene expression, increased numbers of sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells, decreased Vegfa and decreased pericyte presence in the labyrinth were observed in addition to changes in maternal blood spaces, the fetal capillary network and reduced fetal weight. Further, the junctional zone was characterized by reduced spongiotrophoblast and glycogen trophoblast with increased trophoblast giant cells. Increased Hif-1α and TGF-β-3 in vivo with supporting hypoxia studies in trophoblast stem (TS) cells in vitro, support hypoxia as a contributing factor to the RUPP placenta phenotype. Together, this study identifies altered cell populations within the placenta that may contribute to the phenotype, and thus support the use of RUPP in the mouse as a model of placenta insufficiency. As such, this model in the mouse provides a valuable tool for understanding the phenotypes resulting from genetic manipulation of isolated cell populations to further understand the etiology of placenta insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. Further this study identifies a novel relationship between placental insufficiency and pericyte depletion in the labyrinth layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony V Natale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Prutha Mehta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Priscilla Vu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christina Schweitzer
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Katarina Gustin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ramie Kotadia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David R C Natale
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Kong L, Zhang P, Li W, Yang Y, Tian Y, Wang X, Chen S, Yang Y, Huang T, Zhao T, Tang L, Su B, Li F, Liu XS, Zhang F. KDM1A promotes tumor cell invasion by silencing TIMP3 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:27959-74. [PMID: 27058897 PMCID: PMC5053702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in tumor metastasis. KDM1A is a histone demethylase specific for H3K4me2/me1 demethylation, and has been found to be overexpressed in many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of KDM1A in lung cancer remains unclear. Here, we show that KDM1A promotes cancer metastasis in NSCLC cells by repressing TIMP3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3) expression. Consistently with this, overexpression of TIMP3 inhibited MMP2 expression and JNK phosphorylation, both of which are known to be important for cell invasion and migration. Importantly, knockdown of TIMP3 in KDM1A-deficient cells rescued the metastatic capability of NSCLC cells. These findings were also confirmed by pharmacological inhibition assays. We further demonstrate that KDM1A removes H3K4me2 at the promoter of TIMP3, thus repressing the transcription of TIMP3. Finally, high expression of KDM1A and low expression of TIMP3 significantly correlate with a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. This study establishes a mechanism by which KDM1A promotes cancer metastasis in NSCLC cells, and we suggest that KDM1A may be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Kong
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wang Li
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xujun Wang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sujun Chen
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tianhao Huang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liang Tang
- The Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Su
- The Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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7
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Paiva KBS, Granjeiro JM. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Bone Resorption, Remodeling, and Repair. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:203-303. [PMID: 28662823 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the major protease family responsible for the cleavage of the matrisome (global composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteome) and proteins unrelated to the ECM, generating bioactive molecules. These proteins drive ECM remodeling, in association with tissue-specific and cell-anchored inhibitors (TIMPs and RECK, respectively). In the bone, the ECM mediates cell adhesion, mechanotransduction, nucleation of mineralization, and the immobilization of growth factors to protect them from damage or degradation. Since the first description of an MMP in bone tissue, many other MMPs have been identified, as well as their inhibitors. Numerous functions have been assigned to these proteins, including osteoblast/osteocyte differentiation, bone formation, solubilization of the osteoid during bone resorption, osteoclast recruitment and migration, and as a coupling factor in bone remodeling under physiological conditions. In turn, a number of pathologies, associated with imbalanced bone remodeling, arise mainly from MMP overexpression and abnormalities of the ECM, leading to bone osteolysis or bone formation. In this review, we will discuss the functions of MMPs and their inhibitors in bone cells, during bone remodeling, pathological bone resorption (osteoporosis and bone metastasis), bone repair/regeneration, and emergent roles in bone bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiucia B S Paiva
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction (LabMec), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José M Granjeiro
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (InMetro), Bioengineering Laboratory, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil; Fluminense Federal University, Dental School, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Javaheri B, Hopkinson M, Poulet B, Pollard AS, Shefelbine SJ, Chang YM, Francis-West P, Bou-Gharios G, Pitsillides AA. Deficiency and Also Transgenic Overexpression of Timp-3 Both Lead to Compromised Bone Mass and Architecture In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159657. [PMID: 27519049 PMCID: PMC4982603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) regulates extracellular matrix via its inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and membrane-bound sheddases. Timp-3 is expressed at multiple sites of extensive tissue remodelling. This extends to bone where its role, however, remains largely unresolved. In this study, we have used Micro-CT to assess bone mass and architecture, histological and histochemical evaluation to characterise the skeletal phenotype of Timp-3 KO mice and have complemented this by also examining similar indices in mice harbouring a Timp-3 transgene driven via a Col-2a-driven promoter to specifically target overexpression to chondrocytes. Our data show that Timp-3 deficiency compromises tibial bone mass and structure in both cortical and trabecular compartments, with corresponding increases in osteoclasts. Transgenic overexpression also generates defects in tibial structure predominantly in the cortical bone along the entire shaft without significant increases in osteoclasts. These alterations in cortical mass significantly compromise predicted tibial load-bearing resistance to torsion in both genotypes. Neither Timp-3 KO nor transgenic mouse growth plates are significantly affected. The impact of Timp-3 deficiency and of transgenic overexpression extends to produce modification in craniofacial bones of both endochondral and intramembranous origins. These data indicate that the levels of Timp-3 are crucial in the attainment of functionally-appropriate bone mass and architecture and that this arises from chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Javaheri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark Hopkinson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Blandine Poulet
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea S. Pollard
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra J. Shefelbine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Francis-West
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A. Pitsillides
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Wang CY, Liou JP, Tsai AC, Lai MJ, Liu YM, Lee HY, Wang JC, Pan SL, Teng CM. A novel action mechanism for MPT0G013, a derivative of arylsulfonamide, inhibits tumor angiogenesis through up-regulation of TIMP3 expression. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9838-50. [PMID: 25226613 PMCID: PMC4259441 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3) were originally characterized as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), acting as potent antiangiogenic proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that the arylsulfonamide derivative MPT0G013 has potent antiangiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo via inducing TIMP3 expression. Treatments with MPT0G013 significantly inhibited endothelial cell functions, such as cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, as well as induced p21 and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Subsequent microarray analysis showed significant induction of TIMP3 gene expression by MPT0G013, and siRNA-mediated blockage of TIMP3 up-regulation abrogated the antiangiogenic activities of MPT0G013 and prevented inhibition of p-AKT and p-ERK proteins. Importantly, MPT0G013 exhibited antiangiogenic activities in in vivo Matrigel plug assays, inhibited tumor growth and up-regulated TIMP3 and p21 proteins in HCT116 mouse xenograft models. These data suggest potential therapeutic application of MPT0G013 for angiogenesis-related diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ya Wang
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Chi Tsai
- The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Chi Wang
- The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Paiva KBS, Granjeiro JM. Bone tissue remodeling and development: Focus on matrix metalloproteinase functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:74-87. [PMID: 25157440 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Shindoh H, Okada H, Tsuzuki T, Nishigaki A, Kanzaki H. Requirement of heart and neural crest derivatives-expressed transcript 2 during decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells in vitro. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1781-90.e1-5. [PMID: 24745730 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of heart and neural crest derivatives-expressed transcript 2 (HAND2) during decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). DESIGN In vitro experiment. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Twenty-six patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign reasons. INTERVENTION(S) ESCs were cultured for 12 days with HAND2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or nonsilencing RNA during decidualization by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and E2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Decidualization was monitored by changes in cellular morphology and the expression of several decidual-specific genes. RESULT(S) HAND2 siRNA effectively suppressed HAND2 levels in ESCs after 12 days of E2 + MPA treatment. ESCs cultured with HAND2 siRNA retained a long fibroblast-like shape, whereas the cells cultured with control siRNA transformed into enlarged polygonal cells. Silencing of HAND2 expression significantly reduced connexin-43 involved in the morphologic changes. HAND2 silencing significantly reduced the mRNA levels of fibulin-1, prolactin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3, interleukin-15, and forkhead box O1A (FOXO1A), but had no effect on the mRNA levels of dickkopf-1, serum glucocorticoid kinase 1, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5. HAND2 siRNA effectively suppressed the levels of nuclear FOXO1A protein as a regulator of decidualization. CONCLUSION(S) These results suggest that HAND2 plays a key role in the regulation of progestin-induced decidualization of human ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuu Shindoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Tsuzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akemi Nishigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideharu Kanzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Hewing NJ, Weskamp G, Vermaat J, Farage E, Glomski K, Swendeman S, Chan RVP, Chiang MF, Khokha R, Anand-Apte B, Blobel CP. Intravitreal injection of TIMP3 or the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib offers protection from oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:864-70. [PMID: 23299479 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathological neovascularization is a crucial component of proliferative retinopathies. Previous studies showed that inactivation of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), a membrane-anchored metalloproteinase that regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, reduces pathological retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Here, we tested how genetic inactivation of a physiological ADAM17 inhibitor, the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3), or intravitreal injection of TIMP3 or of the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib influenced the outcome of OIR. METHODS Wild-type mice were subjected to OIR in a chamber with 75% oxygen for 5 days beginning at postnatal day 7 (P7). Upon removal from the oxygen chamber at P12, they received a single intravitreal injection of TIMP3, erlotinib, or control. The central avascular area and neovascular tufts were measured after 5 days in room air (21% oxygen) at P17. Moreover, OIR experiments were performed with Timp3-/- mice and littermate controls. RESULTS Timp3-/- mice showed greater revascularization of the central avascular area and developed equal or fewer neovascular tufts compared to littermate controls, depending on the genetic background. Wild-type mice injected with TIMP3 or erlotinib developed fewer neovascular tufts when compared to untreated littermates. Moreover, vessel regrowth into the avascular area was reduced in TIMP3-injected mice, but not in erlotinib-injected mice. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that TIMP3 and erlotinib inhibit pathological neovascularization in the mouse retina, most likely due to inactivation of ADAM17 and the EGFR, respectively. Thus, TIMP3 and erlotinib emerge as attractive candidate antiangiogenic compounds for prevention and treatment of proliferative retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jasmin Hewing
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021, USA
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13
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Zerrouqi A, Pyrzynska B, Febbraio M, Brat DJ, Van Meir EG. P14ARF inhibits human glioblastoma-induced angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of TIMP3. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1283-95. [PMID: 22378045 DOI: 10.1172/jci38596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumors in adults. Among malignant gliomas, 60%-80% show loss of P14ARF tumor suppressor activity due to somatic alterations of the INK4A/ARF genetic locus. The tumor suppressor activity of P14ARF is in part a result of its ability to prevent the degradation of P53 by binding to and sequestering HDM2. However, the subsequent finding of P14ARF loss in conjunction with TP53 gene loss in some tumors suggests the protein may have other P53-independent tumor suppressor functions. Here, we report what we believe to be a novel tumor suppressor function for P14ARF as an inhibitor of tumor-induced angiogenesis. We found that P14ARF mediates antiangiogenic effects by upregulating expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) in a P53-independent fashion. Mechanistically, this regulation occurred at the gene transcription level and was controlled by HDM2-SP1 interplay, where P14ARF relieved a dominant negative interaction of HDM2 with SP1. P14ARF-induced expression of TIMP3 inhibited endothelial cell migration and vessel formation in response to angiogenic stimuli produced by cancer cells. The discovery of this angiogenesis regulatory pathway may provide new insights into P53-independent P14ARF tumor-suppressive mechanisms that have implications for the development of novel therapies directed at tumors and other diseases characterized by vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessamad Zerrouqi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Shen Y, Winkler IG, Barbier V, Sims NA, Hendy J, Lévesque JP. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) regulates hematopoiesis and bone formation in vivo. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20941363 PMCID: PMC2948005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) inhibits matrix metalloproteinases and membrane-bound sheddases. TIMP-3 is associated with the extracellular matrix and is expressed in highly remodeling tissues. TIMP-3 function in the hematopoietic system is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings We now report that TIMP-3 is highly expressed in the endosteal region of the bone marrow (BM), particularly by osteoblasts, endothelial and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells which are all important cellular components of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches, whereas its expression is very low in mature leukocytes and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. A possible role of TIMP-3 as an important niche component was further suggested by its down-regulation during granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced mobilization. To further investigate TIMP-3 function, mouse HSC were retrovirally transduced with human TIMP-3 and transplanted into lethally irradiated recipients. TIMP-3 overexpression resulted in decreased frequency of B and T lymphocytes and increased frequency of myeloid cells in blood and BM, increased Lineage-negative Sca-1+KIT+ cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro and increased colony-forming cell trafficking to blood and spleen. Finally, over-expression of human TIMP-3 caused a late onset fatal osteosclerosis. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that TIMP-3 regulates HSC proliferation, differentiation and trafficking in vivo, as well as bone and bone turn-over, and that TIMP-3 is expressed by stromal cells forming HSC niches within the BM. Thus, TIMP-3 may be an important HSC niche component regulating both hematopoiesis and bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid G. Winkler
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Valerie Barbier
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jean Hendy
- St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Lian J, Zhang X, Tian H, Liang N, Wang Y, Liang C, Li X, Sun F. Altered microRNA expression in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:13. [PMID: 19210773 PMCID: PMC2647923 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules, are indicated to play essential roles in spermatogenesis. However, little is known about the expression patterns or function of miRNAs in human testes involved in infertility. METHODS In this study, the miRNA expression profiles of testes of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and normal controls were performed by using microarray technologies. RESULTS Altered microRNA expression in NOA patients was found, with 154 differentially down-regulated and 19 up-regulated miRNAs. These findings have been confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays on select miRNAs, including miR-302a, miR-491-3p, miR-520d-3p and miR-383. Several down-regulated miRNA clusters in patients with NOA were identified, such as the oncogenic potential of the mir-17-92 cluster and mir-371,2,3 cluster. CONCLUSION This is the first report that the expression of miRNAs is altered in testicular tissues of patients with NOA, suggesting a role of miRNAs in regulating spermatogenesis in human males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Hui Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Ning Liang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Departments of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Fei Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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Qureshi HY, Ricci G, Zafarullah M. Smad signaling pathway is a pivotal component of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 regulation by transforming growth factor beta in human chondrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:1605-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Yan C, Boyd DD. Histone H3 acetylation and H3 K4 methylation define distinct chromatin regions permissive for transgene expression. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:6357-71. [PMID: 16914722 PMCID: PMC1592829 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00311-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are associated with distinct transcription states and serve as heritable epigenetic markers for chromatin structure and function. While H3 K9 methylation defines condensed heterochromatin that is able to silence a nearby gene, how gene silencing within euchromatin regions is achieved remains elusive. We report here that histone H3 K4 methylation or K9/K14 acetylation defines distinct chromatin regions permissive or nonpermissive for transgene expression. A permissive chromatin region is enriched in H3 K4 methylation and H3 acetylation, while a nonpermissive region is poor in or depleted of these two histone modifications. The histone modification states of the permissive chromatin can spread to transgenic promoters. However, de novo histone H3 acetylation and H3 K4 methylation at a transgenic promoter in a nonpermissive chromatin region are stochastic, leading to variegated transgene expression. Moreover, nonpermissive chromatin progressively silences a transgene, an event that is accompanied by the reduction of H3 K4 methylation and H3 acetylation levels at the transgenic promoter. These repressive effects of nonpermissive chromatin cannot be completely countered by strong transcription activators, indicating the dominance of the chromatin effects. We therefore propose a model in which histone H3 acetylation and H3 K4 methylation localized to discrete sites in the mammalian genome mark distinct chromatin functions that dictate transgene expression or silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Yan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Abstract
The forkhead box O1A (FOXO1A) has been identified as one gene that is up-regulated early in the decidualization process. To further investigate the role of FOXO1A during this process, six genes, IGFBP1, PRL, TIMP3, LAMB1, CNR1, and DCN, shown to be up-regulated during decidualization, were chosen as potential targets of FOXO1A action. Treatment of human endometrial stromal cells with hormones (estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate) plus dibutyryl cAMP (H+dbcAMP) for 48 h increased expression of IGFBP1, PRL, TIMP3, CNR1, and DCN but not LAMB1, as measured by real-time PCR. Silencing of FOXO1A using small interfering RNA oligonucleotides decreased IGFBP1 and DCN levels and increased CNR1, TIMP3, and PRL levels. LAMB1 was not affected. When FOXO1A was overexpressed in human endometrial stromal cells, expression of IGFBP1, DCN, and PRL increased, whereas levels of TIMP3 and CNR1 decreased. Addition of H+dbcAMP caused an increased expression of IGFBP1, PRL, and DCN beyond that of FOXO1A alone. TIMP3 and CNR1 levels decreased even further in response to H+dbcAMP compared with FOXO1A alone. LAMB1, which was unresponsive to FOXO1A, decreased when H+dbcAMP was added. Overexpressing FOXO1A also caused a change in cell shape, in that the stromal fibroblasts acquired a rounded, epithelioid appearance. Finally, reporter studies showed that cotransfection of FOXO1A significantly increased PRL promoter activity but not TIMP3 promoter activity. Addition of H+dbcAMP resulted in a significant increase in PRL promoter activity and a significant decrease in TIMP3 promoter activity. In summary, this study demonstrates the versatile nature of FOXO1A in the regulation of a number of decidualization-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar L Buzzio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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19
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Qureshi HY, Sylvester J, El Mabrouk M, Zafarullah M. TGF-beta-induced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 gene in chondrocytes is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and Sp1 transcription factor. J Cell Physiol 2005; 203:345-52. [PMID: 15468069 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1) is a potent inducer of chondrogenesis and stimulant of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) is located in ECM and is the major inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanase, the principal enzymes implicated in collagen and aggrecan degradation in arthritis. We investigated the role of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Sp1 transcription factor in TGF-beta-induced TIMP-3 gene in chondrocytes and chondrosarcoma cells. TGF-beta time-dependently induced a sustained phosphorylation of ERK-MAPKs in primary human or bovine chondrocytes. Inhibitors of this pathway, PD98059 and U0126, downregulated TGF-beta-induced expression of TIMP-3 RNA and protein. Since the ERKs can phosphorylate Sp1, and the promoter of human TIMP-3 gene contains four Sp1-binding sites, we investigated whether Sp1 is a downstream target of this pathway. Mithramycin and WP631, the agents that prevent binding of Sp1 to its consensus site, downregulated TGF-beta-inducible TIMP-3 expression. Indeed, mithramycin blocked TGF-beta-stimulated Sp1 binding activity. Transfection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-Sp1 plasmid increased TIMP-3 promoter (-940 to +376)-driven luciferase activity. Depletion of Sp1 by transfection of an antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide suppressed TGF-beta-induced TIMP-3 protein expression, while its sense homolog had no effect. These results suggest that activation of ERK-MAPK pathway and Sp1 transcription factor play a pivotal role in the induction of TIMP-3 by TGF-beta in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Yaqoob Qureshi
- Department of Medicine and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Endochondral ossification, the process by which most of the skeleton is formed, is a powerful system for studying various aspects of the biological response to degraded extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, the dependence of endochondral ossification upon neovascularization and continuous ECM remodeling provides a good model for studying the role of the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) not only as simple effectors of ECM degradation but also as regulators of active signal-inducers for the initiation of endochondral ossification. The daunting task of elucidating their specific role during endochondral ossification has been facilitated by the development of mice deficient for various members of this family. Here, we discuss the ECM and its remodeling as one level of molecular regulation for the process of endochondral ossification, with special attention to the MMPs.
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21
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Li WQ, Qureshi HY, Liacini A, Dehnade F, Zafarullah M. Transforming growth factor Beta1 induction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 in articular chondrocytes is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 37:196-207. [PMID: 15203191 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/22/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) stimulates cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis but, in excess, evokes synovial inflammation, hyperplasia, and osteophyte formation in arthritic joints. TGF-beta1 induces tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3), an inhibitor of cartilage-damaging matrix metalloproteianases and aggrecanases. We investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TIMP-3 induction by TGF-beta1. In primary human and bovine chondrocytes, ROS scavenger and antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited TGF-beta1-induced TIMP-3 mRNA and protein increases. Ebselen and ascorbate also reduced this induction. TGF-beta1 time-dependently induced ROS production that was suppressed by NAC. Hydrogen peroxide, a ROS, induced TIMP-3 RNA. The TIMP-3 increase induced by TGF-beta1 was partly Smad2-dependent. TGF-beta1-stimulated Smad2 phosphorylation was inhibited by NAC. Reduced glutathione and L-cysteine also blocked Smad2 and TIMP-3 induction by TGF-beta1, whereas a nonthiol, N-acetylalanine, did not. Smad2 was not activated by H2O2. Smad2 phosphorylation was independent, and TIMP-3 expression was dependent, on new protein synthesis. TGF-beta-stimulated ERK and JNK phosphorylation was also inhibited by NAC. However, inhibitory actions of NAC were not mediated by ERK activation. Thus, ROS mediate TGF-beta1-induced TIMP-3 gene expression. Blocking TGF-beta1-induced gene expression by modulating cellular redox status with thiols can be potentially beneficial for treating arthritic and other disorders caused by excessive TGF-beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qing Li
- Department of Medicine, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Rockett JC, Patrizio P, Schmid JE, Hecht NB, Dix DJ. Gene expression patterns associated with infertility in humans and rodent models. Mutat Res 2004; 549:225-40. [PMID: 15120973 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2003.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2003] [Revised: 10/02/2003] [Accepted: 11/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Modern genomic technologies such as DNA arrays provide the means to investigate molecular interactions at an unprecedented level, and arrays have been used to carry out gene expression profiling as a means of identifying candidate genes involved in molecular mechanisms underlying a variety of phenotypes. By comparing gene expression profiles from normal and abnormal human testes with those from comparable infertile mouse models, we endeavored to identify genes and gene networks critical for male fertility. We used commercially available filter-based DNA arrays to analyze testicular gene expression from eight human testis biopsies and three different infertile mouse models (atrichosis mutation, ataxia telangiectasia knockout and CREMtau knockout). Forty-seven mouse genes exhibited differential testicular gene expression (P <0.01) associated with male infertility. These included genes involved in DNA repair (Vim, Rad23A, Rad23B), glutathione metabolism (Gsr, Gstp 1, Mgst1), proteolysis (Ace, Casp1, Ctsd), spermatogenesis (Prlr, Tmsb4 and Zfp-37) and stress response (Hsp 1, Osp94). The expression of 19 human genes was different (P<0.05) between normal and abnormal samples, including those associated with apoptosis (GADD45), gonad development (SOX9), proteolysis (PSMC3, SPINK2, TIMP3, UBE213) and signal transduction (DLK1, NAP4, S100A10). Direct comparison of differentially expressed human and mouse genes identified glucose phosphate isomerase, and the highly similar human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) and mouse Timp2. Using DNA microarrays to profile gene expression in testes from infertile animal models and humans will be useful for understanding congenital infertility, and also infertility caused by environmental exposures where the same genes and molecular mechanisms are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Rockett
- Reproductive Toxicology Division (MD-72), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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Nour M, Quiambao AB, Peterson WM, Al-Ubaidi MR, Naash MI. P2Y(2) receptor agonist INS37217 enhances functional recovery after detachment caused by subretinal injection in normal and rds mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44:4505-14. [PMID: 14507899 PMCID: PMC2937827 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.03-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of INS37217 on the recovery of retinal function after experimental retinal detachment induced by subretinal injection. METHODS Subretinal injections of 1 micro L of fluorescent microbeads, saline, or INS37217 (1-200 micro M) were made by the transvitreal method in normal (C57BL/6) mice and in mice heterozygous for the retinal degeneration slow (rds) gene. Control, mock-injected animals underwent corneal puncture without injection. Histologic and ERG evaluations were made at 0 to 1 and 8 hours, and 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 60 days post injection (PI). DNA fragmentation was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS A single subretinal injection of saline solution containing fluorescent beads caused a histologically evident retinal detachment and distributed the microbeads to almost all the subretinal space. Spontaneous reattachment occurred within 24 hours after injection and was accompanied by evident retinal folding that appeared largely resolved by 6 days later. Relative to controls, injection of saline resulted in approximately 40% recovery of dark-adapted a-wave amplitude at 24 hours PI and gradually improved to approximately 90% of controls at 2 months PI. Subretinal injection of saline containing INS37217 (10 micro M) significantly increased rod and cone ERG of normal and rds(+/-) mice at 1 and 10 days PI, when compared with injection of saline alone. Additionally, INS37217 reduced the number of TUNEL-positive photoreceptors and the enhanced rate of reattachment. CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of ERG recovery by INS37217 is likely due to reduced retinal folding and cell death associated with detachment. These results support the use of INS37217 to help restore function after therapies that involve subretinal administration of drugs in animal models of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Nour
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Alexander B. Quiambao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Muna I. Naash
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Rahkonen OP, Koskivirta IMO, Oksjoki SM, Jokinen E, Vuorio EI. Characterization of the murine Timp4 gene, localization within intron 5 of the synapsin 2 gene and tissue distribution of the mRNA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1577:45-52. [PMID: 12151094 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases type 4 (TIMP-4), the newest member in the mammalian TIMP family of inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), differs from the other three TIMPs by its restricted expression pattern. This suggests that TIMP-4 could play a role in tissue-specific regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. To define this role, modulation of TIMP-4 production by overexpression, aberrant expression and inactivation of the Timp4 gene in transgenic mice should be performed. In preparation for such experiments we have cloned and characterized the murine Timp4 gene and determined the tissue distribution of its mRNA in mice. The gene spans 7.1 kb, consists of five exons and shares considerable homology with the other Timp genes. The gene is located on mouse chromosome 6 in an antisense orientation between exons 5 and 6 of the mouse synapsin 2 (Syn2) gene. A similar organization is common to all four human/mouse TIMP and SYN genes and to the single synapsin/Timp locus in Drosophila. The highest levels of TIMP-4 mRNA were seen in postnatal mouse heart, ovary and brain. Determination of the spatial expression pattern of TIMP-4 mRNA by in situ hybridization in the heart revealed a diffuse distribution in cardiac muscle cells. In the ovary, cyclic variation was observed in TIMP-4 mRNA levels. In situ hybridization demonstrated the strongest expression of TIMP-4 mRNA in the corpus luteum. The data suggest that TIMP-4 plays a role in the normal physiology of the heart and the ovary, most likely related to maintenance of the delicate balance between MMPs and TIMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto P Rahkonen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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25
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Bailey TA, Alexander RA, Dubovy SR, Luthert PJ, Chong NH. Measurement of TIMP-3 expression and Bruch's membrane thickness in human macula. Exp Eye Res 2001; 73:851-8. [PMID: 11846515 DOI: 10.1006/exer.2001.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An increase or accumulation in tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) protein in Bruch's membrane with ageing in normal eyes, and in age related macular degeneration (AMD) has been previously demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the expression of TIMP-3 mRNA increases with age, and to define any relationship between altered expression and Bruch's membrane thickness. Normal eyes were obtained from 30 donors (age range 15-90 years). Full-thickness 8 mm macular punches centred on the fovea were taken to allow removal of the chorioretinal complex, for subsequent nucleic acid extraction. Samples were normalized for RNA degradation using beta-actin reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A competitive RT-PCR was then used to allow measurement of TIMP-3 gene expression in each sample. The tissue adjacent to that used for nucleic acid extraction was processed histologically to allow determination of Bruch's membrane thickness. Bruch's membrane thickness was found to increase with age (P < 0.01), but TIMP-3 expression, as measured by competitive RT-PCR, was not significantly increased with age (P = 0.19). An inverse correlation was noted between TIMP-3 expression and Bruch's membrane thickness after controlling for age (P = 0.032). The results of this study suggest that TIMP-3 expression does not alter significantly with age. Therefore, accumulation of the TIMP-3 protein must occur by a mechanism other than increased expression. TIMP-3 protein levels may still prove to contribute to events associated with ageing in the macula, such as matrix remodelling in Bruch's membrane. Further studies are required to elucidate the precise interactions and turnover of the TIMP-3 protein, and resulting changes in the control of matrix metalloproteinase activity in the ageing macula.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Bailey
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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Legallicier B, Trugnan G, Murphy G, Lelongt B, Ronco P. Expression of the type IV collagenase system during mouse kidney development and tubule segmentation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12:2358-2369. [PMID: 11675412 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v12112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Type IV collagenases matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and MMP9 and their related proteins, MT1-MMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1), TIMP2, and TIMP3, are expressed during kidney morphogenesis and nephrogenesis, but the renal ontogeny of these proteins is only partially known, and their persistence in the adult remains controversial. Their expression was analyzed from early metanephric stages to adulthood by Western blot semiquantitative analysis; laser confocal microscopy of whole-mount kidneys; and a two-step immunoperoxidase labeling procedure using specific markers of proximal tubule (megalin), ascending limb of Henle's loop (Tamm Horsfall protein), and collecting duct (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin lectin). By Western blot, all antigens were detected at day 11.5, peaked at day 16.5, and persisted in the adult at lower levels, although MMP2 was less modulated. All antigens were expressed in metanephric mesenchyme at embryonic day 11.5 and became concentrated in neural cell adhesion molecule-positive-induced mesenchymal cells at day 12.5. Only MT1-MMP and to a lesser extent MMP2 were detected in the ureter bud. At day 16.5, all antigens predominated in the cytoplasm of the proximal tubule, except TIMP1, which was mostly expressed in the ascending limb of Henle's loop and distal tubule. During tubule segmentation, components of the type IV collagenase system showed both spatial and temporal regulation. The distribution of gelatinases was not strictly superimposable to that of their natural inhibitors TIMP, especially for MMP9 and TIMP1. All components persisted in specific segments of the adult renal tubule, where MMP9, MMP2, and MT1-MMP showed an apical expression, suggesting that substrates for these enzymes should be in the tubule lumen or in the apical cell domain and not in the extracellular matrix. These results suggest that a regulated balance of gelatinase activity is required during kidney organogenesis and that gelatinases continue to play a role in adult renal tubule physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Legallicier
- INSERM U489, Tenon Hospital and St. Antoine Medical Faculty, Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | - Germain Trugnan
- INSERM U538, Tenon Hospital and St. Antoine Medical Faculty, Paris 6 University, Paris, France
| | | | - Brigitte Lelongt
- INSERM U489, Tenon Hospital and St. Antoine Medical Faculty, Paris 6 University, Paris, France
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Pohl M, Sakurai H, Bush KT, Nigam SK. Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors regulate in vitro ureteric bud branching morphogenesis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2000; 279:F891-900. [PMID: 11053050 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.2000.279.5.f891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian kidney development is initiated by the mutual interaction between embryonic metanephric mesenchyme (MM) and the ureteric bud (UB), leading to tightly controlled UB branching morphogenesis. In a three-dimensional cell culture model, which employs MM cell-derived conditioned medium (BSN-CM) to induce UB cell branching morphogenesis in extracellular matrix (ECM) gels (Sakurai H, Barros EJ, Tsukamoto T, Barasch J, and Nigam SK. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 6279-6284, 1997), branching morphogenesis was inhibited by both chemical agents (ilomastat and 1,10-orthophenanthroline) and a physiological protein factor [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2], known to act as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors. In addition, UB branching was inhibited in isolated UB culture (Qiao J, Sakurai H, and Nigam SK. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 7330-7335, 1999) by TIMP-2 and ilomastat, suggesting a direct role for MMPs in UB branching. Gelatin zymography and enzymatic measurement of MMP activity revealed that MMPs could originate from at least three different sources: the conditioned medium, the ECM, and the UB cells themselves. In the UB cells, transcription of several MMPs [gelatinase A (MMP2) and B (MMP9), stromelysin (MMP3), MT1-MMP] and TIMPs was altered by BSN-CM and changed as more complex branching structures formed. The ECM appeared to serve as both a reservoir for MMPs and modulated their expression because different ECM compositions altered the total MMP activity as well as specific subsets of MMPs expressed by the UB cells (as determined by zymography and Northern analysis). In the context of UB branching morphogenesis during kidney development, our data suggest a complex model in which soluble factors produced by the MM, in the context of specific ECM components, modulate the expression of specific subsets of MMPs and TIMPs in the UB, which alter as structures develop and the matrix environment changes. This suggests distinct roles for different subsets of MMPs and their inhibitors during different phases of branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pohl
- Departments of Pediatrics/Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Lezin A, Buart S, Smadja D, Akaoka H, Bourdonné O, Perret-Liaudet A, Césaire R, Belin MF, Giraudon P. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and neopterin in the cerebrospinal fluid: preferential presence in HTLV type I-infected neurologic patients versus healthy virus carriers. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2000; 16:965-72. [PMID: 10890358 DOI: 10.1089/08892220050058380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human retrovirus HTLV-I is responsible for the chronic progressive myelopathy, TSP/HAM, characterized by the presence of infiltrated T lymphocytes, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) within spinal cord lesions. MMPs have been associated with several neurological diseases, and we previously reported the specific presence of the extracellular matrix-degrading protease, MMP-9, in the cerebrospinal fluid of TSP/HAM patients. Nevertheless, previous studies have not yet shown whether the expression of MMP-9 is associated with HTLV-I infection per se, or with neurological symptoms following infection. In the present work, the presence of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 3 (TIMP-1 and TIMP-3) and of MMP-9 in the CSF of HTLV-I-infected individuals was compared in TSP/HAM patients versus HTLV-I carriers without neurological symptoms. TIMP-3, a regulator of MMP activity and cell survival, was detected with a significantly higher frequency in the TSP/HAM group and paralleled the increased levels of MMP-9 and neopterin, a sensitive indicator of cellular immune activation. These data may reflect the intense cell remodeling that occurs intrathecally in inflamed tissue. Changes in MMP, TIMP, and neopterin expression were not related to age at onset of disease, grade of motor disability, progressor status, or duration of disease, presumably indicating that TSP/HAM patients are continuously subjected to viral and immunological pressure. All these observations suggest that TIMPs and MMPs may contribute to the pathogenesis of TSP/HAM, and hence a new therapeutic strategy targeting the MMP/TIMP balance is needed. These observations also suggest that MMP-9 and TIMP-3 in CSF may be useful markers in the follow-up of the efficacy of therapeutic trials in TSP/HAM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lezin
- ETS de La Martinique, Laboratoire de Virologie, Fort de France
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Clarke G, Héon E, McInnes RR. Recent advances in the molecular basis of inherited photoreceptor degeneration. Clin Genet 2000; 57:313-29. [PMID: 10852366 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.570501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To date, 118 loci have been associated with photoreceptor degenerative disease. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the identification of genes that cause progressive photoreceptor cell death when mutated. We will focus on 12 genes isolated within the last two years that have been shown to be photoreceptor-specific, or that have provided insight into photoreceptor biology and the mechanisms of photoreceptor cell death. To aid in understanding the biologic basis for these diseases, we also briefly review photoreceptor biology. Finally, we report on recent advances towards the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Clarke
- Program in Developmental Biology and Genetics, The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
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Spatiotemporal expression patterns of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the postnatal developing rat cerebellum. J Neurosci 1999. [PMID: 10366632 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.19-12-04994.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The balance between MMPs and their inhibitors [tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)] in the pericellular environment determines the most significant proteolytic events in tissue remodeling. In vitro evidence is accumulating that these molecules may be crucial in the maturation of neural cells. Here, we investigated the in vivo expression of MMPs 2, 3, and 9 and TIMPs 1, 2, and 3 in the developing and adult rat cerebellum using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. During postnatal development, all Purkinje (PK) cell somata expressed all the MMPs and TIMPs studied, whereas their growing dendritic trees expressed only MMP 3 and TIMP 3. In the adult, MMP 3 was confined to PK cell bodies, whereas TIMP 3 was expressed in PK cell somata and processes. Irrespective of the developmental stage, Bergmann glial processes contained only MMP 9, but their somata contained both TIMP 1 and MMP 9. In granular cells, MMPs 3 and 9 and TIMPs 1, 2, and 3 were chiefly detected at a time when migration is known to be maximal; except for that of TIMP 1, their expression persisted in the internal granular layer in the adult. The functional relevance of MMP expression was verified by gelatin zymography. MMP 9 activity was maximal on postnatal day 10 (P10) and was detectable at a low level on P15 and in the adult, whereas MMP 2 activity remained similar throughout postnatal development. Regional and cell-specific expression of MMPs and TIMPs closely reflects the successive stages of cerebellar development, thereby suggesting a pivotal role for ECM proteolysis in brain development and plasticity.
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