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Gadre S, M M, Chakraborty G, Rayrikar A, Paul S, Patra C, Patra M. Development of a Highly In Vivo Efficacious Dual Antitumor and Antiangiogenic Organoiridium Complex as a Potential Anti-Lung Cancer Agent. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13481-13500. [PMID: 37784224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
While the phenomenal clinical success of blockbuster platinum (Pt) drugs is highly encouraging, the inherent and acquired resistance and dose-limiting side effects severely limit their clinical application. To find a better alternative with translational potential, we synthesized a library of six organo-IrIII half-sandwich [(η5-CpX)Ir(N∧N)Cl]+-type complexes. In vitro screening identified two lead candidates [(η5-CpXPh)Ir(Ph2Phen)Cl]+ (5, CpXPh = tetramethyl-phenyl-cyclopentadienyl and Ph2Phen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) and [(η5-CpXBiPh)Ir(Ph2Phen)Cl]+ (6, CpXBiPh = tetramethyl-biphenyl-cyclopentadienyl) with nanomolar IC50 values. Both 5 and 6 efficiently overcame Pt resistance and presented excellent cancer cell selectivity in vitro. Potent antiangiogenic properties of 6 were demonstrated in the zebrafish model. Satisfyingly, 6 and its nanoliposome Lipo-6 presented considerably higher in vivo antitumor efficacy as compared to cisplatin, as well as earlier reported IrIII half-sandwich complexes in mice bearing the A549 non-small lung cancer xenograft. In particular, complex 6 is the first example of this class that exerted dual in vivo antiangiogenic and antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Gadre
- Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Manikandan M
- Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Gourav Chakraborty
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, G G Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
| | - Amey Rayrikar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, G G Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
| | - Subhadeep Paul
- Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Chinmoy Patra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, G G Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
| | - Malay Patra
- Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
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Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane: a biomaterial testing platform for tissue engineering applications. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Whelan IT, Moeendarbary E, Hoey DA, Kelly DJ. Biofabrication of vasculature in microphysiological models of bone. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34034238 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac04f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone contains a dense network of blood vessels that are essential to its homoeostasis, endocrine function, mineral metabolism and regenerative functions. In addition, bone vasculature is implicated in a number of prominent skeletal diseases, and bone has high affinity for metastatic cancers. Despite vasculature being an integral part of bone physiology and pathophysiology, it is often ignored or oversimplified inin vitrobone models. However, 3D physiologically relevant vasculature can now be engineeredin vitro, with microphysiological systems (MPS) increasingly being used as platforms for engineering this physiologically relevant vasculature. In recent years, vascularised models of bone in MPSs systems have been reported in the literature, representing the beginning of a possible technological step change in how bone is modelledin vitro. Vascularised bone MPSs is a subfield of bone research in its nascency, however given the impact of MPSs has had inin vitroorgan modelling, and the crucial role of vasculature to bone physiology, these systems stand to have a substantial impact on bone research. However, engineering vasculature within the specific design restraints of the bone niche is significantly challenging given the different requirements for engineering bone and vasculature. With this in mind, this paper aims to serve as technical guidance for the biofabrication of vascularised bone tissue within MPS devices. We first discuss the key engineering and biological considerations for engineering more physiologically relevant vasculaturein vitrowithin the specific design constraints of the bone niche. We next explore emerging applications of vascularised bone MPSs, and conclude with a discussion on the current status of vascularised bone MPS biofabrication and suggest directions for development of next generation vascularised bone MPSs.
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Sun Z, Cai S, Zabkiewicz C, Liu C, Ye L. Bone morphogenetic proteins mediate crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment at primary tumours and metastases (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1335-1351. [PMID: 32236571 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are pluripotent molecules, co‑ordinating cellular functions from early embryonic and postnatal development to tissue repair, regeneration and homeostasis. They are also involved in tumourigenesis, disease progression and the metastasis of various solid tumours. Emerging evidence has indicated that BMPs are able to promote disease progression and metastasis by orchestrating communication between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment. The interactions occur between BMPs and epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and extracellular matrix components. Overall, these interactions co‑ordinate the cellular functions of tumour cells and other types of cell in the tumour to promote the growth of the primary tumour, local invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, and the establishment and survival of cancer cells in the metastatic niche. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide an informative summary of the involvement of BMPs in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Sun
- VIP‑II Division of Medical Department, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Zabkiewicz
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Liu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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Moreno-Jiménez I, Lanham SA, Kanczler JM, Hulsart-Billstrom G, Evans ND, Oreffo ROC. Remodelling of human bone on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken egg: De novo bone formation and resorption. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 12:1877-1890. [PMID: 29893478 DOI: 10.1002/term.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally used as an angiogenic assay, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay of the chick embryo offers significant potential as an in vivo model for xenograft organ culture. Viable human bone can be cultivated on the CAM and increases in bone volume are evident; however, it remains unclear by what mechanism this change occurs and whether this reflects the physiological process of bone remodelling. In this study we tested the hypothesis that CAM-induced bone remodelling is a consequence of host and graft mediated processes. Bone cylinders harvested from femoral heads post surgery were placed on the CAM of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-chick embryos for 9 days, followed by micro computed tomography (μCT) and histological analysis. Three-dimensional registration of consecutive μCT-scans showed newly mineralised tissue in CAM-implanted bone cylinders, as well as new osteoid deposition histologically. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of bone resorption and formation markers (Cathepsin K, SOX9 and RUNX2) co-localising with GFP staining, expressed by avian cells only. To investigate the role of the human cells in the process of bone formation, decellularised bone cylinders were implanted on the CAM and comparable increases in bone volume were observed, indicating that avian cells were responsible for the bone mineralisation process. Finally, CAM-implantation of acellular collagen sponges, containing bone morphogenetic protein 2, resulted in the deposition of extracellular matrix and tissue mineralisation. These studies indicate that the CAM can respond to osteogenic stimuli and support formation or resorption of implanted human bone, providing a humanised CAM model for regenerative medicine research and a novel short-term in vivo model for tissue engineering and biomaterial testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moreno-Jiménez
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stuart A Lanham
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Janos M Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gry Hulsart-Billstrom
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas D Evans
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Li Y, Sun R, Zou J, Ying Y, Luo Z. Dual Roles of the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Angiogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:E752. [PMID: 31331111 PMCID: PMC6678403 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays important roles in development, stress response, wound healing, tumorigenesis and cancer progression, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. It is a complex event engaging many signaling pathways including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Notch, transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic proteins (TGF-β/BMPs), and other cytokines and growth factors. Almost all of them eventually funnel to two crucial molecules, VEGF and hypoxia-inducing factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) whose expressions could change under both physiological and pathological conditions. Hypoxic conditions stabilize HIF-1α, while it is upregulated by many oncogenic factors under normaxia. HIF-1α is a critical transcription activator for VEGF. Recent studies have shown that intracellular metabolic state participates in regulation of sprouting angiogenesis, which may involve AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Indeed, AMPK has been shown to exert both positive and negative effects on angiogenesis. On the one hand, activation of AMPK mediates stress responses to facilitate autophagy which stabilizes HIF-1α, leading to increased expression of VEGF. On the other hand, AMPK could attenuate angiogenesis induced by tumor-promoting and pro-metastatic factors, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase /protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), hepatic growth factor (HGF), and TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways. Thus, this review will summarize research progresses on these two opposite effects and discuss the mechanisms behind the discrepant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Post Code 330006, China
| | - Ruipu Sun
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 30006, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Post Code 330006, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Post Code 330006, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Post Code 330006, China.
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 30006, China.
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7
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Moreno-Jiménez I, Kanczler JM, Hulsart-Billstrom G, Inglis S, Oreffo RO. The Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay for Biomaterial Testing in Tissue Engineering: A Short-TermIn VivoPreclinical Model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:938-952. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moreno-Jiménez
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Janos M. Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gry Hulsart-Billstrom
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Inglis
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O.C. Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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8
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Notch regulates BMP responsiveness and lateral branching in vessel networks via SMAD6. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13247. [PMID: 27834400 PMCID: PMC5114582 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional blood vessel growth depends on generation of distinct but coordinated responses from endothelial cells. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), part of the TGFβ superfamily, bind receptors to induce phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SMAD transcription factors (R-SMAD1/5/8) and regulate vessel growth. However, SMAD1/5/8 signalling results in both pro- and anti-angiogenic outputs, highlighting a poor understanding of the complexities of BMP signalling in the vasculature. Here we show that BMP6 and BMP2 ligands are pro-angiogenic in vitro and in vivo, and that lateral vessel branching requires threshold levels of R-SMAD phosphorylation. Endothelial cell responsiveness to these pro-angiogenic BMP ligands is regulated by Notch status and Notch sets responsiveness by regulating a cell-intrinsic BMP inhibitor, SMAD6, which affects BMP responses upstream of target gene expression. Thus, we reveal a paradigm for Notch-dependent regulation of angiogenesis: Notch regulates SMAD6 expression to affect BMP responsiveness of endothelial cells and new vessel branch formation. The mechanism underlying endothelial cell responses to BMP signals is unknown. Here, the authors show that the endothelial response to pro-angiogenic BMP ligands is regulated by Notch via its effect on SMAD6, a known inhibitor of BMP intracellular signaling cascade.
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Haubruck P, Kammerer A, Korff S, Apitz P, Xiao K, Büchler A, Biglari B, Zimmermann G, Daniel V, Schmidmaier G, Moghaddam A. The treatment of nonunions with application of BMP-7 increases the expression pattern for angiogenic and inflammable cytokines: a matched pair analysis. J Inflamm Res 2016; 9:155-165. [PMID: 27703392 PMCID: PMC5036623 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s110621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The local application of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) in combination with the transplantation of autologous bone graft improves the outcome in nonunion treatment; however, the specific reasons remain unclear. In this study, we sought to determine if the local application of BMP-7 contributes to improved bone regeneration in nonunion therapy by modulation of the angiogenic and inflammable cytokine expression patterns of the early inflammation response. Therefore, we utilized the analysis of serological cytokine expression patterns. As a matched pair analysis, best-fitting patients who were treated with transplantation of autologous bone graft (G1, n=10) were compared with patients who were treated with additional application of BMP-7 (G2, n=10). The changes in the cytokine expression patterns were monitored and correlated to clinical data of bone healing. Significant differences in angiogenesis potential (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] serum levels) could be found in the first days after surgery (P<0.05). Furthermore, the increase and absolute amount of VEGF levels in the BMP-7 group were considerably higher than in the control group during the first 2 weeks after surgery. The expression pattern of inflammable cytokines showed noticeable differences in the time point of significant elevated levels, in particular, inflammable cytokines showed an earlier peak in G2. Furthermore, interleukin-6 was significantly elevated within the first week only, comparing G2 to G1 (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that BMP-7 induces an early and more intense expression of VEGF via a direct and postulated indirect pathway, thereby providing a favorable environment for bone healing. Moreover, application of BMP-7 leads to an earlier expression of known proinflammatory cytokines. The results of this study show that application of BMP-7 leads to costimulatory effect on both angiogenic and inflammable cytokine expression patterns that may serve as a possible stimulus for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Haubruck
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kammerer
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Korff
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Apitz
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics Wuhan, Wuhan Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Axel Büchler
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahram Biglari
- Department of Paraplegiology, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen
| | - Gerald Zimmermann
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Theresienkrankenhaus und St. Hedwigs-Klinik GmbH, Mannheim
| | - Volker Daniel
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmidmaier
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, HTRG - Heidelberg Trauma Research Group, Heidelberg, Germany
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Manson SR, Austin PF, Guo Q, Moore KH. BMP-7 Signaling and its Critical Roles in Kidney Development, the Responses to Renal Injury, and Chronic Kidney Disease. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 99:91-144. [PMID: 26279374 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health problem that most commonly results from congenital abnormalities in children and chronic renal injury in adults. The therapeutic potential of BMP-7 was first recognized nearly two decades ago with studies demonstrating its requirement for kidney development and ability to inhibit the pathogenesis of renal injury in models of CKD. Since this time, our understanding of CKD has advanced considerably and treatment strategies have evolved with the identification of many additional signaling pathways, cell types, and pathologic processes that contribute to disease progression. The purpose of this review is to revisit the seminal studies that initially established the importance of BMP-7, highlight recent advances in BMP-7 research, and then integrate this knowledge with current research paradigms. We will provide an overview of the evolutionarily conserved roles of BMP proteins and the features that allow BMP signaling pathways to function as critical signaling nodes for controlling biological processes, including those related to CKD. We will discuss the multifaceted functions of BMP-7 during kidney development and the potential for alterations in BMP-7 signaling to result in congenital abnormalities and pediatric kidney disease. We will summarize the renal protective effects of recombinant BMP-7 in experimental models of CKD and then propose a model to describe the potential physiological role of endogenous BMP-7 in the innate repair mechanisms of the kidneys that respond to renal injury. Finally, we will highlight emerging clinical approaches for applying our knowledge of BMP-7 toward improving the treatment of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Manson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | - Paul F Austin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qiusha Guo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katelynn H Moore
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Ripamonti U. Redefining the induction of periodontal tissue regeneration in primates by the osteogenic proteins of the transforming growth factor-β supergene family. J Periodontal Res 2016; 51:699-715. [PMID: 26833268 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular bases of periodontal tissue induction and regeneration are the osteogenic proteins of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) supergene family. These morphogens act as soluble mediators for the induction of tissues morphogenesis sculpting the multicellular mineralized structures of the periodontal tissues with functionally oriented ligament fibers into newly formed cementum. Human TGF-β3 (hTGF-β3 ) in growth factor-reduced Matrigel® matrix induces cementogenesis when implanted in class II mandibular furcation defects surgically prepared in the non-human primate Chacma baboon, Papio ursinus. The newly formed periodontal ligament space is characterized by running fibers tightly attached to the cementoid surface penetrating as mineralized constructs within the newly formed cementum assembling and initiating within the mineralized dentine. Angiogenesis heralds the newly formed periodontal ligament space, and newly sprouting capillaries are lined by cellular elements with condensed chromatin interpreted as angioblasts responsible for the rapid and sustained induction of angiogenesis. The inductive activity of hTGF-β3 in Matrigel® matrix is enhanced by the addition of autogenous morcellated fragments of the rectus abdominis muscle potentially providing myoblastic, pericytic/perivascular stem cells for continuous tissue induction and morphogenesis. The striated rectus abdominis muscle is endowed with stem cell niches in para/perivascular location, which can be dominant, thus imposing stem cell features or stemness to the surrounding cells. This capacity to impose stemness is morphologically shown by greater alveolar bone induction and cementogenesis when hTGF-β3 in Matrigel® matrix is combined with morcellated fragments of autogenous rectus abdominis muscle. The induction of periodontal tissue morphogenesis develops as a mosaic structure in which the osteogenic proteins of the TGF-β supergene family singly, synergistically and synchronously initiate and maintain tissue induction and morphogenesis. In primates, the presence of several homologous yet molecularly different isoforms with osteogenic activity highlights the biological significance of this apparent redundancy and indicates multiple interactions during embryonic development and bone regeneration in postnatal life. Molecular redundancy with associated different biological functionalities in primate tissues may simply represent the fine-tuning of speciation-related molecular evolution in anthropoid apes at the early Pliocene boundary, which resulted in finer tuning of the bone induction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ripamonti
- Bone Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Medicine & Periodontology, School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Interleukin-1β induces fibroblast growth factor 2 expression and subsequently promotes endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis in chondrocytes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:667-81. [PMID: 26811540 PMCID: PMC4797417 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important event in the process of arthritis. Stimulating chondrocytes with IL-1β increased the expression of FGF-2, via the IL-1RI/ROS/AMPK/p38/NF-κB signalling pathway. FGF-2-neutralizing antibody abolished ATDC5-conditional medium-mediated angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Arthritis is a process of chronic inflammation that results in joint damage. IL (interleukin)-1β is an inflammatory cytokine that acts as a key mediator of cartilage degradation, and is abundantly expressed in arthritis. Neovascularization is one of the pathological characteristics of arthritis. However, the role of IL-1β in the angiogenesis of chondrocytes remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that stimulating chondrocytes (ATDC5) with IL-1β increased the expression of FGF (fibroblast growth factor)-2, a potent angiogenic inducer, and then promoted EPC (endothelial progenitor cell) tube formation and migration. In addition, FGF-2-neutralizing antibody abolished ATDC5-conditional medium-mediated angiogenesis in vitro, as well as its angiogenic effects in the CAM (chick chorioallantoic membrane) assay and Matrigel plug nude mice model in vivo. IHC (immunohistochemistry) staining from a CIA (collagen-induced arthritis) mouse model also demonstrates that arthritis increased the expression of IL-1β and FGF-2, as well as EPC homing in articular cartilage. Moreover, IL-1β-induced FGF-2 expression via IL-1RI (type-1 IL-1 receptor), ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation, AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), p38 and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathway has been demonstrated. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that IL-1β promotes FGF-2 expression in chondrocytes through the ROS/AMPK/p38/NF-κB signalling pathway and subsequently increases EPC angiogenesis. Therefore IL-1β serves as a link between inflammation and angiogenesis during arthritis.
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13
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Ye L, Jiang WG. Bone morphogenetic proteins in tumour associated angiogenesis and implication in cancer therapies. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:586-597. [PMID: 26639195 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) belongs to transforming growth factor-β superfamily. To date, more than 20 BMPs have been identified in humans. BMPs play a critical role in embryonic and postnatal development, and also in maintaining homeostasis in different organs and tissues by regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and motility. They play important roles in the development and progression of certain malignancies, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc. Recently, more evidence shows that BMPs are also involved in tumour associated angiogenesis. For example BMP can either directly regulate the functions of vascular endothelial cells or indirectly influence the angiogenesis via regulation of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Such crosstalk can also be reflected in the interaction with other angiogenic factors, like hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). All these factors are involved in the orchestration of the angiogenic process during tumour development and progression. Review of the relevant studies will provide a comprehensive prospective on current understanding and shed light on the corresponding therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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Genetic risk factors for the development of osteonecrosis in children under age 10 treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2015; 127:558-64. [PMID: 26590194 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-10-673848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis is a dose-limiting toxicity in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Prior studies on the genetics of osteonecrosis have focused on patients ≥10 years of age, leaving the genetic risk factors for the larger group of children <10 years incompletely understood. Here, we perform the first evaluation of genetic risk factors for osteonecrosis in children <10 years. The discovery cohort comprised 82 cases of osteonecrosis and 287 controls treated on Children's Oncology Group (COG) standard-risk ALL protocol AALL0331 (NCT00103285, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00103285), with results tested for replication in 817 children <10 years treated on COG protocol AALL0232 (NCT00075725, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00075725). The top replicated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were near bone morphogenic protein 7 [BMP7: rs75161997, P = 5.34 × 10(-8) (odds ratio [OR] 15.0) and P = .0498 (OR 8.44) in the discovery and replication cohorts, respectively] and PROX1-antisense RNA1 (PROX1-AS1: rs1891059, P = 2.28 × 10(-7) [OR 6.48] and P = .0077 [OR 3.78] for the discovery and replication cohorts, respectively). The top replicated nonsynonymous SNP, rs34144324, was in a glutamate receptor gene (GRID2, P = 8.65 × 10(-6) [OR 3.46] and P = .0136 [OR 10.8] in the discovery and replication cohorts, respectively). In a meta-analysis, the BMP7 and PROX1-AS1 variants (rs75161997 and rs1891059, respectively) met the significance threshold of <5 × 10(-8). Top replicated SNPs were enriched in enhancers active in mesenchymal stem cells, and analysis of annotated genes demonstrated enrichment in glutamate receptor and adipogenesis pathways. These data may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of osteonecrosis.
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Açil Y, Yang F, Gulses A, Ayna M, Wiltfang J, Gierloff M. Isolation, characterization and investigation of differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament cells and dental follicle progenitor cells and their response to BMP-7 in vitro. Odontology 2015; 104:123-35. [PMID: 25757659 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the factors, mechanisms and the differences between periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and denta l follicle (DF) progenitor cells towards the osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation and to investigate the effects of BMP-7 on developmental (DF) and mature tissue-derived (PDL) cells, respectively. Primary cell culture of PDL cells and DF progenitor cells was performed. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using von Kossa, Alizarin Red S and immuno-histo-chemistry staining of osteocalcin. Gene expression pattern was evaluated via real-time PCR. A series of CD surface marks were tested using flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis was performed. Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated similar gene expression pattern of PDL cells and DF progenitor cells: the expression of OPN and OCN significantly was elevated when incubated with osteogenic components, Runx2 was unaffected, and Osteorix was hardly expressed whether in basic medium or induction medium. In addition, BMP-7 induced osteoblast/cementoblast differentiation of PDLSCs and DF progenitor cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as reflected by enhanced Runx2 and (OCN) mRNA transcript expression. BMP-7 triggers PDL cells and DF progenitor cells to differentiate towards an osteoblast/cementoblast phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Açil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aydin Gulses
- Centre for Oral Health and Dental Management, Mevki Military Hospital, 06130, Diskapi Altindag, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Jörg Wiltfang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Gierloff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Akiyama I, Yoshino O, Osuga Y, Shi J, Harada M, Koga K, Hirota Y, Hirata T, Fujii T, Saito S, Kozuma S. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-a expression in human granulosa cells and VEGF receptor expression in endothelial cells. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:477-82. [PMID: 24023033 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113503411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The formation of an individual capillary network in the theca cell layer is required for ovarian folliculogenesis. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is critical for this process, the regulation of VEGF has been unclear. In the present study, the relationship between VEGF and intraovarian cytokine, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) was investigated. Granulosa cells (GC), obtained from in vitro fertilization patients, were cultured with BMP-7 followed by RNA extraction. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also cultured with BMP-7 followed by RNA extraction, tube formation assay, or cell count analysis. The BMP-7 stimulated VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in GC significantly. In HUVEC, BMP-7 increased an approximately 1.8-fold in the cell number and induced the tube formation significantly compared to control. The BMP-7 also induced a 2-fold increase in VEGF receptor mRNA transcript relative abundance in HUVEC. The BMP-7, a theca cell-derived factor, may stimulate endothelial cell to form vasculature in the follicle via 2 distinct mechanisms, induction of VEGF expression in GC and increased sensitivity of endothelial cells to VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Akiyama
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Chim SM, Tickner J, Chow ST, Kuek V, Guo B, Zhang G, Rosen V, Erber W, Xu J. Angiogenic factors in bone local environment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:297-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lee YJ, Lee JH, Cho HJ, Kim HK, Yoon TR, Shin H. Electrospun fibers immobilized with bone forming peptide-1 derived from BMP7 for guided bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5059-69. [PMID: 23578562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of ideal barrier membranes with appropriate porosity and bioactivity is essential for the guidance of new bone formation in orthopedic and craniomaxillofacial surgery. In this study, we developed bioactive electrospun fibers based on poly (lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) by immobilizing bone-forming peptide 1 (BFP1) derived from the immature region of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7). We exploited polydopamine chemistry for the immobilization of BFP1; polydopamine (PD) was coated on the electrospun PLGA fibers, on which BFP1 was subsequently immobilized under weakly basic conditions. The immobilization of BFP1 was verified by characterizing the surface chemical composition and quantitatively measured by fluorescamine assay. The immobilization of BPF1 on the electrospun fibers supported the compact distribution of collagen I and the spreading of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). SEM micrographs demonstrated the aggregation of globular mineral accretions, with significant increases in ALP activity and calcium deposition when hMSCs were cultured on fibers immobilized with BFP1 for 14 days. We then implanted the prepared fibers onto mouse calvarial defects and analyzed bone formation after 2 months. Semi-quantification of bone growth from representative X-ray images showed that the bone area was approximately 20% in the defect-only group, while the group implanted with PLGA fibers showed significant improvements of 44.27 ± 7.37% and 57.59 ± 15.24% in the groups implanted with PD-coated PLGA and with BFP1-coated PLGA, respectively. Based on these results, our approach may be a promising tool to develop clinically-applicable bioactive membranes for guided bone regeneration."
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) and BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein-7), two key members in the TGF-β superfamily, play important but diverse roles in CKDs (chronic kidney diseases). Both TGF-β and BMP-7 share similar downstream Smad signalling pathways, but counter-regulate each other to maintain the balance of their biological activities. During renal injury in CKDs, this balance is significantly altered because TGF-β signalling is up-regulated by inducing TGF-β1 and activating Smad3, whereas BMP-7 and its downstream Smad1/5/8 are down-regulated. In the context of renal fibrosis, Smad3 is pathogenic, whereas Smad2 and Smad7 are renoprotective. However, this counter-balancing mechanism is also altered because TGF-β1 induces Smurf2, a ubiquitin E3-ligase, to target Smad7 as well as Smad2 for degradation. Thus overexpression of renal Smad7 restores the balance of TGF-β/Smad signalling and has therapeutic effect on CKDs. Recent studies also found that Smad3 mediated renal fibrosis by up-regulating miR-21 (where miR represents microRNA) and miR-192, but down-regulating miR-29 and miR-200 families. Therefore restoring miR-29/miR-200 or suppressing miR-21/miR-192 is able to treat progressive renal fibrosis. Furthermore, activation of TGF-β/Smad signalling inhibits renal BMP-7 expression and BMP/Smad signalling. On the other hand, overexpression of renal BMP-7 is capable of inhibiting TGF-β/Smad3 signalling and protects the kidney from TGF-β-mediated renal injury. This counter-regulation not only expands our understanding of the causes of renal injury, but also suggests the therapeutic potential by targeting TGF-β/Smad signalling or restoring BMP-7 in CKDs. Taken together, the current understanding of the distinct roles and mechanisms of TGF-β and BMP-7 in CKDs implies that targeting the TGF-β/Smad pathway or restoring BMP-7 signalling may represent novel and effective therapies for CKDs.
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Margheri F, Schiavone N, Papucci L, Magnelli L, Serratì S, Chillà A, Laurenzana A, Bianchini F, Calorini L, Torre E, Dotor J, Feijoo E, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M. GDF5 regulates TGFß-dependent angiogenesis in breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells: in vitro and in vivo control by anti-TGFß peptides. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50342. [PMID: 23226264 PMCID: PMC3511424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGFß overproduction in cancer cells is one of the main characteristics of late tumor progression being implicated in metastasis, tumor growth, angiogenesis and immune response. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of anti-TGFß peptides in the control of angiogenesis elicited by conditional over-expression of TGFß. METHODS We have inserted in human MCF7 mammary-cancer cells a mutated TGFß gene in a tetracycline-repressible vector to obtain conditional expression of mature TGFß upon transient transfection, evaluated the signaling pathways involved in TGFß-dependent endothelial cells activation and the efficacy of anti-TGFß peptides in the control of MCF7-TGFß-dependent angiogenesis. RESULTS TGFß over-expression induced in MCF7 several markers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Conditioned-medium of TGFß-transfected MCF7 stimulated angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro by subsequent activation of SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5 signaling in endothelial cells, as well as SMAD4 nuclear translocation, resulting in over-expression of the pro-angiogenic growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF5). Inhibition or silencing of GDF5 in TGFß-stimulated EC resulted in impairment of GDF5 expression and of TGFß-dependent urokinase-plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) overproduction, leading to angiogenesis impairment. Two different TGFß antagonist peptides inhibited all the angiogenesis-related properties elicited in EC by exogenous and conditionally-expressed TGFß in vivo and in vitro, including SMAD1/5 phosphorylation, SMAD4 nuclear translocation, GDF5 and uPAR overexpression. Antagonist peptides and anti-GDF5 antibodies efficiently inhibited in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS TGFß produced by breast cancer cells induces in endothelial cells expression of GDF5, which in turn stimulates angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Angiogenesis activation is rapid and the involved mechanism is totally opposed to the old and controversial dogma about the AKL5/ALK1 balance. The GDF-dependent pro-angiogenic effects of TGFß are controlled by anti-TGFß peptides and anti-GDF5 antibodies, providing a basis to develop targeted clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Schiavone
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papucci
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Magnelli
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Serratì
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Oncohematology, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Anastasia Chillà
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Laurenzana
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Eugenio Torre
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (GF); (MDR)
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (GF); (MDR)
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Teare JA, Petit JC, Ripamonti U. Synergistic induction of periodontal tissue regeneration by binary application of human osteogenic protein-1 and human transforming growth factor-β3 in Class II furcation defects of Papio ursinus. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:336-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Akioka J, Kusumoto K, Bessho K, Sonobe J, Kaihara S, Wang Y, Iizuka T, Ogawa Y. ANGIONEOGENESIS AROUND INDUCED BONE WITH RECOMBINANT HUMAN BMP-2 IN A LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE FLAP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s021895770200071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bony tissue induced with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in the latissimus dorsi muscle flap (LDMF) of rats was investigated in angiography and histological examination. In five rats, rhBMP-2 with atelopeptide type I collagen (CL) as a carrier was implanted in the muscle pocket of LDMF. In five controls, only CL was implanted in the same manner. Three weeks after the implant, contrast medium was injected into the assending aorta. The LDMF was cut off at the base and exposed in soft X-ray. The implant and the surrounding tissue were then histologically examined. In the rhBMP-2-implant group, the vascularity was richer, especially around the implant, and radiated to the induced bony tissue. Contrast medium was observed in the vascular cavities of the marrow inside the trabeculae. In the controls, the vascularity was relatively poor and the remnant CL occupied the whole implant space. This study indicated that rhBMP-2 does not only induce trabeculae in muscle tissue, but also in the marrow, including vessels in the implant and the vascular system around the implant. Then, the induced bony tissue is supported in the circulation by the circulation by the vascular system, as a functional osseous tissue. This phenomenon may be highly beneficial in endogenous tissue engineering and regenerative medicene for skeletal reconstruction using BMP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Akioka
- Kansai Medical University, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 10-15 Fmizono-cho, Moriguchi City, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Kusumoto
- Kansai Medical University, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 10-15 Fmizono-cho, Moriguchi City, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Bessho
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 54 Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Sonobe
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 54 Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Kaihara
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 54 Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yibiao Wang
- Kansai Medical University, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 10-15 Fmizono-cho, Moriguchi City, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Iizuka
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 54 Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ogawa
- Kansai Medical University, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 10-15 Fmizono-cho, Moriguchi City, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein functions as a context-dependent angiogenic cue in vertebrates. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:1012-8. [PMID: 22008724 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling has been implicated in diverse biological processes. Although how BMP signaling regulates behaviors of endothelial cells during angiogenesis are not fully understood, increasing evidence indicate functions of BMP signaling components are essential in developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Here we review recent advances in delineating the functions of BMP signaling during angiogenesis. In addition, we discuss downstream pathways that transduce BMP signaling in endothelial cells, and factors that modulate BMP signaling response in endothelial cells. Finally, we provide recent insight on how BMP signaling functions as a context dependent angiogenic cue.
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Abstract
Members of the TGF-β family act on many, if not all, cell types within the body, producing diverse and complex cellular outcomes. Activation of the endothelial cell-restricted TGF-β type I receptor ALK1 results from the binding of several different ligands of the TGF-β family, including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 9, BMP10, and TGF-β. Mounting genetic, pharmacologic, and histopathologic evidence supports a critical role for ALK1 signaling in regulation of both developmental and pathologic blood vessel formation. However, the precise function of TGF-β family signaling in endothelial cells is difficult to predict and appears highly context dependent because of the multitude of ligands and receptors influencing the final outcome. Pharmacologic inhibitors of ALK1 have recently been developed and will allow for more accurate studies of ALK1 function in vivo, as well as for assessment of ALK1 as a target for suppression of angiogenesis during tumor development. Herein, we will summarize the current view of ALK1 regulation of endothelial cell phenotype in vitro and in vivo as well as provide an outlook for the ongoing clinical trials of ALK1 inhibitors in malignant disease.
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Kempen DH, Creemers LB, Alblas J, Lu L, Verbout AJ, Yaszemski MJ, Dhert WJ. Growth Factor Interactions in Bone Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:551-66. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2010.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lichun Lu
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Abraham J. Verbout
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Yaszemski
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wouter J.A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Pesesse L, Sanchez C, Henrotin Y. Osteochondral plate angiogenesis: a new treatment target in osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2010; 78:144-9. [PMID: 20851653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Healthy adult joint cartilage contains neither blood vessels nor nerves. Osteoarthritic cartilage, in contrast, may be invaded by blood vessels from the subchondral bone. The mechanisms underlying cartilage angiogenesis in osteoarthritis are unclear but may involve hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation. Active research is under way to identify the factors involved in cartilage angiogenesis. Here, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of osteoarthritic cartilage angiogenesis based on evidence from a systematic literature review of articles retrieved via PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge. Our conclusions suggest new research perspectives and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Pesesse
- Unité de Recherche Sur l'Os et le Cartilage, Institut de Pathologie, Université de Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Biological implications of growth factors in bone remodeling following fracture, surgical resection and bonegrafting. Part 1: Transforming growth factors, bone morphogenetic proteins and related factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lu C, Xing Z, Yu YY, Colnot C, Miclau T, Marcucio RS. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 enhances fracture healing in an ischemic environment. J Orthop Res 2010; 28:687-96. [PMID: 19918910 PMCID: PMC2845727 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia predisposes orthopedic trauma patients to delayed fracture healing or nonunion. The goal of this study was to test the ability of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) to stimulate fracture repair in an ischemic environment. Ischemic fractures were generated in male adult mice by resecting the femoral artery prior to the creation of a nonstabilized tibia fracture. Recombinant human BMP7 (rhBMP7, 50 microg) was injected into the fracture site immediately after surgery. At 7 days after injury, more tissue vascularization was observed in rhBMP7 treated fractures. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that rhBMP7 induced more cartilage at day 7, more callus and bone at days 14 and 28, and more adipose tissue and fibrous tissue at days 7, 14, and 28 compared to controls (n=5/group/time). At day 28, all fractures treated with rhBMP7 (50 microg, n=5) healed, whereas only three of five control fractures exhibited slight bony bridging. In addition, we found that rhBMP7 (both 10 and 50 microg) significantly increased the amount of cartilage compared to controls in stabilized fractures, confirming its chondrogenic effect. Lastly, using bone marrow transplantation, we determined that no donor-derived osteocytes or chondrocytes were present in rhBMP7-treated fractures, suggesting rhBMP7 did not recruit mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow to the fracture site. In conclusion, our results indicate that rhBMP7 is a promising treatment for fractures with severely disrupted blood supply.
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Flores Sánchez X, Guerra Farfan E, Corona Pérez-Cardona P, Amat Mateu C, Nardi Vilardaga J. Cirugía reconstructiva del aparato locomotor, nuevas técnicas y opciones terapéuticas. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1888-4415(10)70006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Barr T, McNamara AJA, Sándor GKB, Clokie CML, Peel SAF. Comparison of the osteoinductivity of bioimplants containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (Infuse) and 7 (OP-1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:531-40. [PMID: 20188607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent research has focused on application of growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as alternatives to autogenous bone grafting. Two bone graft substitute bioimplants containing recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs), Infuse (rhBMP-2) and OP-1 (rhBMP-7), are approved for human application but have never been compared side by side. The aim of this study was to provide a direct comparison of the osteoinductive activity of the 2 commercially available and approved rhBMP-containing bioimplants in their clinically available forms. STUDY DESIGN The activity of rhBMP-2 and -7 in solution were compared in vitro using the C2C12 cell-based assay. The activity of Infuse and OP-1 bioimplants containing 52.5 microg of rhBMP-2 or rhBMP-7, respectively, were compared in vivo using a mouse muscle pouch assay and analyzed by microscopic CT (microCT) and histology. RESULTS The in vitro results showed that rhBMP-2 stimulated greater alkaline phosphatase production than rhBMP-7 over various time points and concentrations. The in vivo results showed that OP-1 induced greater bone volume than Infuse. Both implants induced bone of equivalent quality based on microCT and histologic evaluation. CONCLUSION In their clinically available forms, the rhBMP-7-containing OP-1 induced greater bone volume than the rhBMP-2-containing Infuse in the mouse muscle pouch model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torin Barr
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cunha SI, Pardali E, Thorikay M, Anderberg C, Hawinkels L, Goumans MJ, Seehra J, Heldin CH, ten Dijke P, Pietras K. Genetic and pharmacological targeting of activin receptor-like kinase 1 impairs tumor growth and angiogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:85-100. [PMID: 20065063 PMCID: PMC2812548 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20091309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family have been genetically linked to vascular formation during embryogenesis. However, contradictory studies about the role of TGF-β and other family members with reported vascular functions, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 9, in physiological and pathological angiogenesis make the need for mechanistic studies apparent. We demonstrate, by genetic and pharmacological means, that the TGF-β and BMP9 receptor activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 1 represents a new therapeutic target for tumor angiogenesis. Diminution of ALK1 gene dosage or systemic treatment with the ALK1-Fc fusion protein RAP-041 retarded tumor growth and progression by inhibition of angiogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of multistep tumorigenesis. Furthermore, RAP-041 significantly impaired the in vitro and in vivo angiogenic response toward vascular endothelial growth factor A and basic fibroblast growth factor. In seeking the mechanism for the observed effects, we uncovered an unexpected signaling synergy between TGF-β and BMP9, through which the combined action of the two factors augmented the endothelial cell response to angiogenic stimuli. We delineate a decisive role for signaling by TGF-β family members in tumor angiogenesis and offer mechanistic insight for the forthcoming clinical development of drugs blocking ALK1 in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Cunha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Matrix Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
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Calori GM, Donati D, Di Bella C, Tagliabue L. Bone morphogenetic proteins and tissue engineering: future directions. Injury 2009; 40 Suppl 3:S67-76. [PMID: 20082795 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(09)70015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
As long as bone repair and regeneration is considered as a complex clinical condition, the administration of more than one factor involved in fracture healing might be necessary. The effectiveness or not of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in association with other growth factors and with mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration for fracture healing and bone allograft integration is of great interest to the scientific community. In this study we point out possible future developments in BMPs, concerning research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Calori
- Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini, University of Milan, Italy.
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33
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Abstract
The management of open fractures continues to be complicated by high rates of treatment failure and significant patient disability and dissatisfaction. The use of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the treatment of open fractures has been assessed by a number of different clinical trials, both in the acute management of open fractures and in the delayed reconstruction of bone defects secondary to open fracture. This review describes the scientific basis for the use of BMPs in open fractures, reviews the current evidence for their use in open fractures, provides grades of recommendation for the different uses of BMPs in open fractures, and identifies important areas for additional research.
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Ripamonti U, Petit JC. Bone morphogenetic proteins, cementogenesis, myoblastic stem cells and the induction of periodontal tissue regeneration. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:489-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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David L, Feige JJ, Bailly S. Emerging role of bone morphogenetic proteins in angiogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:203-12. [PMID: 19502096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily. Recent observations clearly emphasize the emerging role of BMPs in angiogenesis: (i) two genetic vascular diseases (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)) are caused by mutations in genes encoding components of the BMP signalling pathway (endoglin, ALK1 and BMPRII). (ii) BMP9 has been identified as the physiological ligand of the endothelial receptor ALK1 in association with BMPRII. This review will focus on the diverse functions of BMPs in angiogenesis. We will propose a model that distinguishes the BMP2, BMP7 and GDF5 subgroups from the BMP9 subgroup on the basis of their functional implication in the two phases of angiogenesis (activation and maturation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent David
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U878, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
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Ripamonti U, Petit JC, Teare J. Cementogenesis and the induction of periodontal tissue regeneration by the osteogenic proteins of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. J Periodontal Res 2008; 44:141-52. [PMID: 18842117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The antiquity and severity of periodontal diseases are demonstrated by the hard evidence of alveolar bone loss in gnathic remains of the Pliocene/Pleistocene deposits of the Bloubank Valley at Sterkfontein, Swartkrans and Kromdrai in South Africa. Extant Homo has characterized and cloned a superfamily of proteins which include the bone morphogenetic proteins that regulate tooth morphogenesis at different stages of development as temporally and spatially connected events. The induction of cementogenesis, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone regeneration are regulated by the co-ordinated expression of bone morphogenetic proteins. Naturally derived and recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins induce periodontal tissue regeneration in mammals. Morphological analyses on undecalcified sections cut at 3-6 mum on a series of mandibular molar Class II and III furcation defects induced in the non-human primate Papio ursinus show the induction of cementogenesis. Sharpey's fibers nucleate as a series of composite collagen bundles within the cementoid matrix in close relation to embedded cementocytes. Osteogenic protein-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 possess a structure-activity profile, as shown by the morphology of tissue regeneration, preferentially cementogenic and osteogenic, respectively. In Papio ursinus, transforming growth factor-beta(3) also induces cementogenesis, with Sharpey's fibers inserting into newly formed alveolar bone. Capillary sprouting and invasion determine the sequential insertion and alignment of individual collagenic bundles. The addition of responding stem cells prepared by finely mincing fragments of autogenous rectus abdominis muscle significantly enhances the induction of periodontal tissue regeneration when combined with transforming growth factor-beta(3) implanted in Class II and III furcation defects of Papio ursinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ripamonti
- Bone Research Unit, Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road Medical School, 2193 Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Hou T, Xu J, Li Q, Feng J, Zen L. In vitro evaluation of a fibrin gel antibiotic delivery system containing mesenchymal stem cells and vancomycin alginate beads for treating bone infections and facilitating bone formation. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:1173-82. [PMID: 18593356 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone infection and defects are two major problems that occur in the course of treating posttraumatic open bone fractures and osteomyelitis for which local antibiotic delivery is efficacious. Further, hemostasis is an essential treatment after removal of infected bones. Herein we report a new antibiotics delivery system made of vancomycin alginate beads embedded in a fibrin gel (Vanco-AB-FG) to treat bone infections, with the addition of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) seeded in the fibrin gel to promote bone formation. The proliferation of BMMSCs was measured under different conditions of three-dimensional (3D) gel or monolayer, with or without Vanco-AB; cells were labeled by enhanced green fluorescence protein, and their morphology and distribution were observed. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, real-time RT-PCR, and von Kossa staining were used for determining the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. The concentrations of vancomycin resulting from the antibiotic delivery were determined; the antibiotic activity was evaluated by an assay with standard Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) as a biological target. The results showed that for Vanco-AB-FG, vancomycin concentrations remained above the breakpoint sensitivity for 22 days. The 3D culture within the gel and the addition of Vanco-AB affected the cell behavior. The morphology of BMMSCs within the 3D gel was different from that in monolayer. The proliferation of the cells within the 3D gel was lower than that in monolayer in early stage, but in later stage the number of BMMSCs in Vanco-AB-FG was similar to that in monolayer. The ALP activity was higher in the 3D gel, and the addition of Vanco-AB slightly increased ALP activity. The osteogenic gene expression levels of ALP, osteopontin, and alpha1 chain of collagen I were higher in the 3D gel than those in monolayer, and additional Vanco-AB could also increase their expression. The von Kossa staining showed that the deposition of mineralization was observed in both the 3D gel and monolayer cultures, but the mineralization nodule size in monolayer was bigger and the number of them in 3D gel was greater. In conclusion, this system could be an alternative treatment for bone infections and defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Song Y, Coleman L, Shi J, Beppu H, Sato K, Walsh K, Loscalzo J, Zhang YY. Inflammation, endothelial injury, and persistent pulmonary hypertension in heterozygous BMPR2-mutant mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H677-90. [PMID: 18552156 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.91519.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II-knockout (BMPR2(+/-)) mice have a similar genetic trait like that in some idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. To examine the effect of pulmonary endothelial injury in BMPR2(+/-) mice, we challenged the mice with two injections of monocrotaline combined with intratracheal instillation of replication-deficient adenovirus expressing 5-lipoxygenase (MCT+Ad5LO). After the challenge (1 wk), BMPR2(+/-) mice exhibited a doubling of right ventricular systolic pressure that was greater than that of wild-type mice and remained elevated for 3 wk before heart failure developed. Muscularization and thickening of small pulmonary arterioles was evident in the BMPR2(+/-) lungs at 2 wk after the challenge and became severe at 3 wk. Marked perivascular infiltration of T cells, B cells, and macrophages was associated with the remodeled vessels. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of six endothelial cell markers in lung tissue was decreased to 20-40% of original levels at 1 wk after the challenge in both BMPR2(+/-) and wild-type mice and largely recovered in wild-type (50-80%) but not BMPR2(+/-) lungs (30-50%) at 3 wk after the challenge. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and fractalkine receptor expression doubled in BMPR2(+/-) compared with wild-type lungs. Expression of type I and type II BMP receptors, but not transforming growth factor-beta receptors, in the challenged BMPR2(+/-) and wild-type lungs showed a similar pattern of expression as that of endothelial markers. Apoptotic responses at 1 wk after MCT and Ad5LO challenge were also significantly greater in the BMPR2(+/-) lungs than the wild-type lungs. These data show that BMPR2(+/-) mice are more sensitive to MCT+Ad5LO-induced pulmonary hypertension than wild-type mice. Greater endothelial injury and an enhanced inflammatory response could be the underlying causes of the sensitivity and may work in concert with BMPR2 heterozygosity to promote the development of persistent pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Song
- Cardiovascular Division, Dept. of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hosiptal and Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, NRB 630, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Mandu-Hrit M, Seifert E, Kotsiopriftis M, Lauzier D, Haque T, Rohlicek C, Tabrizian M, Hamdy RC. OP-1 injection increases VEGF expression but not angiogenesis in a rabbit model of distraction osteogenesis. Growth Factors 2008; 26:143-51. [PMID: 18569022 DOI: 10.1080/08977190802106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a single injection of rhBMP-7 (OP-1) applied to the regenerate early during distraction accelerates bone consolidation in a rabbit model of distraction osteogenesis. In the present study, we hypothesised that the injection of OP-1 improves bone consolidation by increasing blood flow to the distracted site. Blood flow into the regenerate of a rabbit model was measured and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was tested using semi-quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used for assessing the temporal and spatial expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), VEGF and its receptors following OP-1 injection. We observed a higher expression of VEGF and its receptors in the regenerate with OP-1 treatment. However, there was no difference in the increase in bone blood flow nor PECAM expression between the treated and control groups of animals. Interestingly, the increased expression of VEGF and its receptors was associated with chondrocyte and fibroblast-like cells, but not with endothelial cells. These results suggest that accelerated ossification by OP-1 may depend on a non-vascular mechanism, possibly involving a non-angiogenic function of VEGF signalling.
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40
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Costello CM, Howell K, Cahill E, McBryan J, Konigshoff M, Eickelberg O, Gaine S, Martin F, McLoughlin P. Lung-selective gene responses to alveolar hypoxia: potential role for the bone morphogenetic antagonist gremlin in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L272-84. [PMID: 18469115 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00358.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypoxia is a common complication of chronic lung diseases leading to the development of pulmonary hypertension. The underlying sustained increase in vascular resistance in hypoxia is a response unique to the lung. Thus we hypothesized that there are genes for which expression is altered selectively in the lung in response to alveolar hypoxia. Using a novel subtractive array strategy, we compared gene responses to hypoxia in primary human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) with those in cardiac microvascular endothelium and identified 90 genes (forming 9 clusters) differentially regulated in the lung endothelium. From one cluster, we confirmed that the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist, gremlin 1, was upregulated in the hypoxic murine lung in vivo but was unchanged in five systemic organs. We also demonstrated that gremlin protein was significantly increased by hypoxia in vivo and inhibited HMVEC-L responses to BMP stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, significant upregulation of gremlin was measured in lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertensive disease. From a second cluster, we showed that CXC receptor 7, a receptor for the proangiogenic chemokine CXCL12, was selectively upregulated in the hypoxic lung in vivo, confirming that our subtractive strategy had successfully identified a second lung-selective hypoxia-responsive gene. We conclude that hypoxia, typical of that encountered in pulmonary disease, causes lung-specific alterations in gene expression. This gives new insights into the mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension and vascular loss in chronic lung disease and identifies gremlin 1 as a potentially important mediator of vascular changes in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Costello
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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41
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Ribatti D. Chapter 5 Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Useful Tool to Study Angiogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 270:181-224. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ma T, Gutnick J, Salazar B, Larsen MD, Suenaga E, Zilber S, Huang Z, Huddleston J, Smith RL, Goodman S. Modulation of allograft incorporation by continuous infusion of growth factors over a prolonged duration in vivo. Bone 2007; 41:386-92. [PMID: 17613298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Morselized cancellous allograft bone is frequently used in the reconstruction of bone defects in cases of revision total joint replacement, trauma, spine fusion and treated infection. However, the initial lack of viable bone cells in morselized allograft bone significantly slows the process of graft incorporation compared to autograft bone. This study examined the effects of prolonged local infusion of the growth factors bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7 or OP-1) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2 or basic FGF) in the process of allograft incorporation using a rabbit tibial chamber model. New bone formation was evaluated by two indices, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the level of birefringence. The markers of osteoclast-like cells were also measured. Without the infusion of the growth factors, lower levels of new bone formation were observed in the allograft group, compared to the autograft group. Infusion of growth factors FGF-2 and OP-1, singly or in combination, for 4 weeks, diminished this difference. The numbers of osteoclast-like cells were much higher in the allograft group before the growth factors were delivered. The infusion of FGF, singly, diminished this difference. However, the infusion of OP-1 or the combination of FGF and OP-1 did not decrease the number of osteoclast-like cells to a level comparable to autograft only. Local infusion of growth factors appears to be a useful adjunct to promote the incorporation of allograft bone in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ma
- The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5326, USA
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43
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Abstract
The treatment of complex non-unions may be lengthy and very expensive. The majority of aseptic non-union cases require a variable degree of biological enhancement. Autologous iliac crest bone graft remains the gold standard of treatment. However, other means of biological stimulation are currently available in the armamentarium of the treating physician. This review article reports on the different available biological treatment options for the management of complex aseptic bone non-unions.
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Ristiniemi J, Flinkkilä T, Hyvönen P, Lakovaara M, Pakarinen H, Jalovaara P. RhBMP-7 accelerates the healing in distal tibial fractures treated by external fixation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 89:265-72. [PMID: 17322450 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.89b2.18230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
External fixation of distal tibial fractures is often associated with delayed union. We have investigated whether union can be enhanced by using recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7). Osteoinduction with rhBMP-7 and bovine collagen was used in 20 patients with distal tibial fractures which had been treated by external fixation (BMP group). Healing of the fracture was compared with that of 20 matched patients in whom treatment was similar except that rhBMP-7 was not used. Significantly more fractures had healed by 16 (p=0.039) and 20 weeks (p=0.022) in the BMP group compared with the matched group. The mean time to union (p=0.002), the duration of absence from work (p=0.018) and the time for which external fixation was required (p=0.037) were significantly shorter in the BMP group than in the matched group. Secondary intervention due to delayed healing was required in two patients in the BMP group and seven in the matched group. RhBMP-7 can enhance the union of distal tibial fractures treated by external fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ristiniemi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Oulu, P.O. Box 90029, OYS, Oulu, Finland.
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45
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Consolo U, Zaffe D, Bertoldi C, Ceccherelli G. Platelet-rich plasma activity on maxillary sinus floor augmentation by autologous bone. Clin Oral Implants Res 2007; 18:252-62. [PMID: 17348891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work aims to evaluate the regenerative potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on an implant site of peculiar clinical impact, such as sinus augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen consenting patients (11 females and five males), with symmetrical maxillary sinus atrophy, underwent bilateral sinus floor augmentation, using autologous (iliac crest) bone on one side and PRP plus autologous bone contralaterally. Implants were inserted 4, 5, 6 and 7 months after surgery in the patients randomly split into four groups. Orthopantomographies, computed tomography with transverse image digital reconstructions and densitometries were used to monitor the treatment progress. A core biopsy was performed at the site of implant. RESULTS Clinical performance across both sites showed no statistical significance (P=0.414). Densitometric values were higher at PRP sites (mean Hounsfield units approximately +57%), even if densitometry converged in the two sites 8 months after surgery. Histology documents enhanced bone activities in sites treated with PRP, 4 months after surgery. Reduced bone activity was observed in both sites 5, 6 and 7 months after surgery. Bone amount, higher in sites treated with PRP (mean trabecular bone volume approximately +37%), decreased in both sites over time. CONCLUSIONS Our results seem to indicate a certain regenerative potential of PRP when used with autologous bone. The effect of this enhancement of bone regeneration appeared to be restricted to shorter treatment times. A progressive extinguishment of the PRP effect is recorded after an interval longer than 6-7 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Consolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Head-Neck, Rehabilitation, Section of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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46
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Ripamonti U. Recapitulating Development: A Template for Periodontal Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:51-71. [PMID: 17518581 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The induction of bone formation by the soluble osteogenic molecular signals of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily is a critical issue to periodontologists, molecular biologists, and tissue engineers alike, because preclinical studies in primates and clinical trials have demonstrated the bone induction capacity of bone morphogenetic and osteogenic proteins (BMPs/OPs) in clinical context. BMPs/OPs, pleiotropic members of the TGF-beta superfamily, induce de novo endochondral bone formation as a recapitulation of embryonic development and act as soluble signals for tissue morphogenesis sculpting the multicellular mineralized structures of the periodontal tissues with functionally oriented periodontal ligament fibers inserting into newly formed cementum. This paper reviews the induction of the complex tissue morphologies of the periodontal tissues in the nonhuman primate Papio ursinus with furcation defects treated with doses of naturally derived and recombinantly produced human BMPs/OPs. Periodontal tissue regeneration develops as a mosaic structure in which the OPs of the TGF-beta superfamily singly, synergistically, and synchronously initiate and maintain tissue induction and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ripamonti
- Bone Research Unit, Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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47
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Sena K, Sumner DR, Virdi AS. Modulation of VEGF expression in rat bone marrow stromal cells by GDF-5. Connect Tissue Res 2007; 48:324-31. [PMID: 18075819 DOI: 10.1080/03008200701692743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for bone formation and several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been shown to induce angiogenesis through osteoblast-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. Growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) is a member of the BMP family expressed in bone and known to induce angiogenesis in vivo. In this study, the effects of GDF-5 on osteogenic differentiation and expression of VEGF-related genes were determined using rat bone marrow stromal cells. GDF-5 stimulated osteogenic differentiation. It also upregulated the expression of VEGF-A after 3 hr, accompanied by a trend of decrease in its receptor VEGFR-2 at 6 and 24 hr. VEGF-D and its receptor VEGFR-3 showed peak expression at later time points. This regulation may be further controlled by neuropilin 2 that exhibited a parallel profile to VEGF-D. These observations indicate that GDF-5 stimulates osteogenic differentiation and has a potential to induce angiogenesis through osteoblast-derived VEGF-A in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sena
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. Kotaro
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48
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Catelas I, Sese N, Wu BM, Dunn JCY, Helgerson S, Tawil B. Human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in fibrin gels in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:2385-96. [PMID: 16968177 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior in a fibrin sealant. hMSC morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed after up to 28 days of incubation in eight different formulations of fibrin gels (Tisseel) prepared with various concentrations of fibrinogen complex (FC) and thrombin. Cell morphology and distribution within the gels were observed by fluorescence microscopy after cell staining with calcein dye. Cell proliferation was assessed by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the cell suspension stained with calcein dye after dissolution of the gels. A standard alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, von Kossa staining, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze hMSC osteogenic differentiation. Cell behavior varied depending on the gel formulation. Proliferation was higher in the formulations containing a low FC concentration, but ALP activity was higher in the formulations containing a high FC concentration. Variations in thrombin concentration had a lesser effect. Small nodules of mineralization were observed at days 21 and 28 in a formulation containing a high FC concentration, in addition to a marked increase in bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression level as well as a lower increase in ALP and osteopontin (OPN) levels. However, there was no significant increase in osteocalcin (OCN) expression, a late marker of osteogenic differentiation, up to day 28. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that hMSC morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in fibrin gels depended on the FC/thrombin ratio. hMSCs appeared to undergo osteogenic differentiation when seeded in Tisseel fibrin sealant containing a high FC concentration, but they did not fully differentiate into mature osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Catelas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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49
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Ripamonti U, Renton L. Bone morphogenetic proteins and the induction of periodontal tissue regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2006; 41:73-87. [PMID: 16686927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Ripamonti
- Bone Research Unit, Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
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50
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Tobin JF, Celeste AJ. Bone morphogenetic proteins and growth differentiation factors as drug targets in cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Drug Discov Today 2006; 11:405-11. [PMID: 16635802 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth differentiation factors (GDFs) control the development and homeostasis of multiple tissue types in many organisms, from humans to invertebrates. These morphogens are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and they signal by binding to serine-threonine kinase receptors, resulting in coordinated changes in gene expression that regulate the differentiation and development of multiple tissue types. In addition, these proteins are regulated post-transcriptionally through binding to several soluble proteins. In this review we focus on a subset of BMPs and GDFs that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Tobin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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