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Bustamante-Ogando JC, Hernández-López A, Galván-Díaz C, Rivera-Luna R, Fuentes-Bustos HE, Meneses-Acosta A, Olaya-Vargas A. Childhood leukemias in Mexico: towards implementing CAR-T cell therapy programs. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1304805. [PMID: 38304036 PMCID: PMC10833104 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1304805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukemias are the most common type of pediatric cancer around the world. Prognosis has improved during the last decades, and many patients are cured with conventional treatment as chemotherapy; however, many patients still present with a refractory disease requiring additional treatments, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies or cellular therapy is a promising strategy for treating refractory or relapsed hematological malignancies. Particularly, CAR-T cells have shown clinical efficacy in clinical trials, and different products are now commercially approved by regulatory agencies in the USA and Europe. Many challenges still need to be solved to improve and optimize the potential of these therapies worldwide. Global access to cell therapy is a significant concern, and different strategies are being explored in the middle- and low-income countries. In Mexico, leukemias represent around 50% of total cancer diagnosed in pediatric patients, and the rate of relapsed or refractory disease is higher than reported in other countries, a multi-factorial problem. Although significant progress has been made during the last decades in leukemia diagnosis and treatment, making new therapies available to Mexican patients is a priority, and cell and gene therapies are on the horizon. Efforts are ongoing to make CAR-T cell therapy accessible for patients in Mexico. This article summarizes a general landscape of childhood leukemias in Mexico, and we give a perspective about the current strategies, advances, and challenges ahead to make gene and cell therapies for leukemia clinically available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Bustamante-Ogando
- Immunodeficiencies Research Laboratory and Clinical Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandrina Hernández-López
- Laboratorio 7 Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologías, CONAHCYT, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Galván-Díaz
- Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Hugo E. Fuentes-Bustos
- Laboratorio 7 Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Angélica Meneses-Acosta
- Laboratorio 7 Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alberto Olaya-Vargas
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
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Gallardo-Pérez MM, Gale RP, Reyes-Cisneros OA, Sánchez-Bonilla D, Fernández-Gutiérrez JA, Stock W, Murrieta-Álvarez I, Olivares-Gazca JC, Ruiz-Delgado GJ, Fonseca R, Ruiz-Argüelles GJ. Therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in resource-poor geospaces. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1187268. [PMID: 37397374 PMCID: PMC10312136 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1187268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in limited resource geospaces is challenging and must balance safety, efficacy, availability, and affordability. We modified the control arm of the St. Jude Total XI protocol for outpatient delivery including once-weekly daunorubicin and vincristine in initial therapy, postponing intrathecal chemotherapy until day 22, prophylactic oral antibiotics/antimycotics, use of generic drugs, and no central nervous system (CNS) radiation. Data were interrogated from 104 consecutive children ≤12 years (median, 6 years [interquartile range (IQR), 3, 9 years]. All therapies were given in an outpatient setting in 72 children. Median follow-up is 56 months (IQR 20, 126 months). A total of 88 children achieved a hematological complete remission. Median event-free survival (EFS) is 87 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 39, 60], 7.6 years in low-risk children (3.4, 8 years) whereas 2.5 years (1, 10 years) in high-risk children. The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) is 28% (18, 35%), 26% (14, 37%) in low-risk children and 35% (14, 52%) in high-risk children. Median survival for all subjects is not reached but must exceed 5 years. A total of 36 children relapsed at a median of 12 months (5, 23 months). Outcomes were comparable to those reported in the control arm of the Total Therapy XI study, but inferior to current treatment protocols in high-income countries. The average cost of the first 2 years of therapy was $28,500 USD compared with an average cost of approximately $150,000 USD in the US, an 80% saving. In conclusion, using an outpatient-based modification of the St. Jude Total XI protocol, we obtained good results with relatively few hospitalizations or adverse events and at a substantial saving. This model can be applied in other resource-poor geospaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés M. Gallardo-Pérez
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Facultad de Medicina, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar A. Reyes-Cisneros
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Anáhuac, Facultad de Medicina, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Daniela Sánchez-Bonilla
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Facultad de Medicina, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - José A. Fernández-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Facultad de Medicina, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Wendy Stock
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Iván Murrieta-Álvarez
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Facultad de Medicina, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Olivares-Gazca
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Facultad de Medicina, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Guillermo J. Ruiz-Delgado
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Facultad de Medicina, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Laboratorios Ruiz, SYNLAB, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Guillermo J. Ruiz-Argüelles
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Facultad de Medicina, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Laboratorios Ruiz, SYNLAB, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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García-Villaseñor E, Cortés JE, Reyes-Cisneros OA, Fernández-Gutiérrez JA, Sánchez-Bonilla D, Bojalil-Álvarez L, Murrieta-Álvarez I, Ruiz-Delgado GJ, Ruiz-Argüelles GJ. Long-term results of the treatment of adolescents and adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a pediatric-inspired regimen delivered on an outpatient basis: A single institution experience. Leuk Res 2022; 121:106935. [PMID: 36037624 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The results of treatment of adolescents and adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain unsatisfactory. Pediatric-inspired treatments seem to be related with better outcomes. 126 adolescent and adult patients with ALL were treated in a 37-year period with a pediatric inspired combined chemotherapy (PICC) schedule, delivered on an outpatient basis and based on the St. Jude´s TOTAL XI pediatric protocol employing vincristine, prednisone, asparaginase, daunorubicin, etoposide, cytarabine, methotrexate, mercaptopurine and triple intrathecal therapy. 80 % of patients were able to receive the initial seven-week period of induction / consolidation fully as outpatients and 77 % achieved a complete remission. In adolescents and young adults (AYAs) the median probability of overall survival (OS) was 44 months, whereas the 5-year OS was 48 %. In adults, the median probability of OS was 24 months, and the 5-year OS was 32 %. Patients with T-cell ALL did significantly worse than those with a B cell phenotype (OS at 5 years 17 versus 40 %, respectively). These figures are better than those informed in our country employing more aggressive, in-hospital schedules such as the hyper-CVAD. We found that, in AYAs and adult patients with ALL, the use of an asparaginase-containing PICC delivered on an outpatient basis renders acceptable results, better than those obtained in similar socioeconomic circumstances employing adult-oriented schedules. Additional studies are needed to assess the usefulness of these PICC treatments in adult individuals with ALL treated in underprivileged circumstances, such as those prevailing in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth García-Villaseñor
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica RUIZ, Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Cortés
- Georgia Cancer Center. Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Oscar A Reyes-Cisneros
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica RUIZ, Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Universidad Anáhuac Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - José A Fernández-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica RUIZ, Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Daniela Sánchez-Bonilla
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica RUIZ, Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Lorena Bojalil-Álvarez
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica RUIZ, Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Iván Murrieta-Álvarez
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica RUIZ, Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Guillermo J Ruiz-Delgado
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica RUIZ, Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Laboratorios Ruiz, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Guillermo J Ruiz-Argüelles
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica RUIZ, Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Pue, Mexico; Laboratorios Ruiz, Puebla, Pue, Mexico.
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González HR, Mejía SA, Ortiz JOC, Gutiérrez APO, López JEB, Quintana JEF. Malnutrition in paediatric patients with leukaemia and lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study. Ecancermedicalscience 2022; 15:1327. [PMID: 35211196 PMCID: PMC8816504 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paediatric cancer is a potentially curable disease and its prognosis has been linked to several factors, such as nutritional status. The impact of malnutrition on these patients, either by overnutrition or undernutrition, varies and its relationship with outcomes is inconsistent. This study was conducted in order to determine the frequency of malnutrition in children with haematolymphoid malignancies at the time of diagnosis, as well as during treatment and to also investigate its relationship with the development of infections and death. Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study of 191 children with a recent diagnosis of a haematolymphoid malignancy. The risks and nutritional classification were determined using anthropometry, follow-ups were conducted for up to 24 months and the presentation and frequency of infections and/or death were also recorded. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using binomial logistic regressions, for death and infection outcomes during follow-up. Survival analysis was conducted for various factors and types of cancer. Results 83.7% of children had a sufficient nutritional classification at diagnosis, 6.8% had malnutrition by undernutrition and 9.4% by overnutrition. 83.8% had at least one infectious complication during follow-up and 47.1% had ≥ 3. This percentage increased to 69.2% when configuring it in the malnutrition by undernutrition group. 18.3% of patients died. When configuring the mortality, the percentage was greater in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) (57.1%) and malnutrition by undernutrition (30.7%). The multivariate analysis for the outcome of death, only showed a statistically significant variable (AML odds ratio = 26.52; confidence interval = 1.09–643.24; p = 0.04). Conclusion No statistically significant relationship was found between the nutritional status of children with haematolymphoid neoplasms, and outcomes such as infections or death. The differences in the results obtained in these investigations may be related to the varied nutritional status definitions and the ways of measuring them, thus limiting comparisons between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Andrade Mejía
- University of Antioquia, Carrera 51d #62-29, Medellín 050010, Colombia.,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5823-6110
| | - Javier Orlando Contreras Ortiz
- Paediatrics and Child Health Department, University of Antioquia, Calle Barranquilla #51b-22, Medellín 050010, Colombia.,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8568-5421
| | - Adriana Patricia Osorno Gutiérrez
- Paediatrics and Child Health Department, University of Antioquia, Calle Barranquilla #51b-22, Medellín 050010, Colombia.,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-7659
| | - Jorge Eliécer Botero López
- An tioquia School of Engineering, Universidad EIA, Vda. El Penasco, Envigado, Antioquia 055428, Colombia.,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-5500
| | - Javier Enrique Fox Quintana
- San Vicente Children's Hospital Foundation, Calle Barranquilla #51b-22, Medellín 050010, Colombia.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1014-9402
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Jaime-Pérez JC, Turrubiates-Hernández GA, García-Salas G, de la Torre-Salinas AM, Áncer-Rodríguez P, Villarreal-Martínez L, Gómez-Almaguer D. The Influence of Nutritional Status at Diagnosis of Childhood B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia on Survival Rates: Data from a Hispanic Cohort. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:889-895. [PMID: 34180310 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1934042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of nutritional status at diagnosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on survival rates was assessed in a Hispanic cohort. Children <16 years with newly diagnosed ALL-B from 2011 to 2019 were studied. Overweight and obesity were classified by body mass index (BMI) and Z-score according to WHO and CDC criteria. BMI, weight percentiles for age and Z-Score were assessed using the WHO Anthro (0-5 years) and AnthroPlus (5-19 years) programs. Cox model was used to estimate risk factors for relapse and death; differences between groups were assessed with Student's T test for parametric and Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric variables. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method, calculating time, status, cumulative survival and standard error with a 95% confidence interval. Equal data distribution was estimated with the log-rank test. One-hundred and seventy-two B-ALL children were studied. The overweight-obese group had a non-significant lower DFS (CDC: 54% vs. 60%, p = 0.80; WHO: 57% vs. 64%, p = 0.89) and OS rate (CDC:76% vs. 82%, p = 0.38; WHO:65% vs. 81%, p = 0.13). An association between nutritional status determined by CDC and WHO criteria at diagnosis of B-cell ALL and survival rates was not documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Jaime-Pérez
- Department of Hematology, Dr. Jose Eleuterio González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Grecia A Turrubiates-Hernández
- Department of Hematology, Dr. Jose Eleuterio González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Gerardo García-Salas
- Department of Hematology, Dr. Jose Eleuterio González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Anel M de la Torre-Salinas
- Clinical Nutrition, Dr. Jose Eleuterio González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Patricia Áncer-Rodríguez
- Clinical Nutrition, Dr. Jose Eleuterio González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Laura Villarreal-Martínez
- Department of Hematology, Dr. Jose Eleuterio González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - David Gómez-Almaguer
- Department of Hematology, Dr. Jose Eleuterio González University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
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Diakatou V, Vassilakou T. Nutritional Status of Pediatric Cancer Patients at Diagnosis and Correlations with Treatment, Clinical Outcome and the Long-Term Growth and Health of Survivors. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7110218. [PMID: 33171756 PMCID: PMC7694979 DOI: 10.3390/children7110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is caused either by cancer itself or by its treatment, and affects the clinical outcome, the quality of life (QOL), and the overall survival (OS) of the patient. However, malnutrition in children with cancer should not be accepted or tolerated as an inevitable procedure at any stage of the disease. A review of the international literature from 2014 to 2019 was performed. Despite the difficulty of accurately assessing the prevalence of malnutrition, poor nutritional status has adverse effects from diagnosis to subsequent survival. Nutritional status (NS) at diagnosis relates to undernutrition, while correlations with clinical outcome are still unclear. Malnutrition adversely affects health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with cancer and collective evidence constantly shows poor nutritional quality in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). Nutritional assessment and early intervention in pediatric cancer patients could minimize the side effects of treatment, improve their survival, and reduce the risk of nutritional morbidity with a positive impact on QOL, in view of the potentially manageable nature of this risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Diakatou
- Children’s & Adolescents’ Oncology Radiotherapy Department, Athens General Children’s Hospital “Pan. & Aglaia Kyriakou”, GR-11527 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens University Campus, 196 Alexandras Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens University Campus, 196 Alexandras Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-213-2010-283
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Pribnow AK, Ortiz R, Báez LF, Mendieta L, Luna-Fineman S. Effects of malnutrition on treatment-related morbidity and survival of children with cancer in Nicaragua. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 28449403 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most children with cancer live in resource-limited countries where malnutrition is often prevalent. We identified the relationship between malnutrition and treatment-related morbidity (TRM), abandonment of therapy, and survival of children with cancer in Nicaragua to better inform targeted nutritional interventions. PROCEDURE We conducted a retrospective review of patients aged 6 months to 18 years with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Wilms tumor, Hodgkin lymphoma, or Burkitt lymphoma (BL) who were treated between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2007 at Children's Hospital Manuel de Jesus Rivera in Managua, Nicaragua. Statistical analysis examined the relations among nutritional status and cancer type, risk category, TRM, and event-free survival (EFS). RESULTS Sixty-seven percent of patients (189/282) were malnourished at diagnosis. Malnutrition was highest among patients with Wilms tumor (85.7%), BL (75%), and AML (74.3%). A total of 92.2% of patients (225/244) experienced morbidity during the first 90 days. Malnutrition was associated with severe infection (P = 0.033). Severely malnourished patients had ≥grade 3 TRM on more days (P = 0.023) and were more likely to experience severe TRM on >50% of days (P = 0.032; OR, 3.27 [95% CI, 1.05-10.16]). Malnourished patients had inferior median EFS (2.25 vs. 5.58 years; P = 0.049), and abandoned therapy more frequently (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS In Nicaragua, pediatric oncology patients with malnutrition at diagnosis experienced increased TRM, abandoned therapy more frequently, and had inferior EFS. Standardized nutritional evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed cancer and targeted provision of nutritional support are essential to decrease TRM and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Pribnow
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Roberta Ortiz
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Manuel de Jesus Rivera, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Luis Fulgencio Báez
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Manuel de Jesus Rivera, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Luvy Mendieta
- Department of Nutrition, Children's Hospital Manuel de Jesus Rivera, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sandra Luna-Fineman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Barr RD, Gomez-Almaguer D, Jaime-Perez JC, Ruiz-Argüelles GJ. Importance of Nutrition in the Treatment of Leukemia in Children and Adolescents. Arch Med Res 2016; 47:585-592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Martín-Trejo JA, Núñez-Enríquez JC, Fajardo-Gutiérrez A, Medina-Sansón A, Flores-Lujano J, Jiménez-Hernández E, Amador-Sanchez R, Peñaloza-Gonzalez JG, Alvarez-Rodriguez FJ, Bolea-Murga V, Espinosa-Elizondo RM, de Diego Flores-Chapa J, Pérez-Saldivar ML, Rodriguez-Zepeda MDC, Dorantes-Acosta EM, Núñez-Villegas NN, Velazquez-Aviña MM, Torres-Nava JR, Reyes-Zepeda NC, González-Bonilla CR, Flores-Villegas LV, Rangel-López A, Rivera-Luna R, Paredes-Aguilera R, Cárdenas-Cardós R, Martínez-Avalos A, Gil-Hernández AE, Duarte-Rodríguez DA, Mejía-Aranguré JM. Early mortality in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a developing country: the role of malnutrition at diagnosis. A multicenter cohort MIGICCL study. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:898-908. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1219904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Jaime-Pérez JC, Colunga-Pedraza PR, Gutiérrez-Gurrola B, Brito-Ramírez AS, Gutiérrez-Aguirre H, Cantú-Rodríguez OG, Herrera-Garza JL, Gómez-Almaguer D. Obesity is associated with higher overall survival in patients undergoing an outpatient reduced-intensity conditioning hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 51:61-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Co-Reyes E, Li R, Huh W, Chandra J. Malnutrition and obesity in pediatric oncology patients: causes, consequences, and interventions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:1160-7. [PMID: 22948929 PMCID: PMC3468697 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In children with cancer, suboptimal nutrition states are common consequences of the disease and its treatment. These nutrition states have been attributed to a number of etiologies dependent on the patient's tumor type and treatment, and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Interventions vary from psychosocial to pharmacological and surgical management. Further research is necessary to understand the epidemiology and etiology of these nutrition states. Of great importance is the development and implementation of effective interventions to optimize nutritional status among children with cancer during and after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhea Li
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Winston Huh
- Department of Pediatrics Patient Care, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Joya Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Lightfoot T, Johnston W, Simpson J, Smith A, Ansell P, Crouch S, Roman E, Kinsey S. Survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: the impact of social inequality in the United Kingdom. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:263-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Assumpção JG, Ganazza MA, de Araújo M, Silva AS, Scrideli CA, Brandalise SR, Yunes JA. Detection of clonal immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using a low-cost PCR strategy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:1278-86. [PMID: 20730889 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements function as specific markers for minimal residual disease (MRD), which is one of the best predictors of outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We recently reported on the prognostic value of MRD during the induction of remission through a simplified PCR method. Here, we report on gene rearrangement frequencies and offer guidelines for the application of the technique. PROCEDURE Two hundred thirty-three children had DNA extracted from bone marrow. Ig and TCR gene rearrangements were amplified using consensus primers and conventional PCR. PCR products were submitted to homo/heteroduplex analysis. A computer program was designed to define combinations of targets for clonal detection using a minimum set of primers and reactions. RESULTS At least one clonal marker could be detected in 98% of the patients, and two markers in approximately 80%. The most commonly rearranged genes in precursor B-cell ALL were IgH (75%), TCRD (59%), IgK (55%), and TCRG (54%). The most commonly rearranged genes for T-ALL were TCRG (100%) and TCRD (24%). The sensitivity of primers was limited to the detection of 1 leukemic cell among 100 normal cells. CONCLUSIONS We propose that eight PCR reactions per ALL subtype would allow for the detection of two markers in most cases. In addition, these reactions are suitable for MRD monitoring, especially when aiming the selection of patients with high MRD levels (≥ 10(-2)) at the end of induction therapy. Such an approach would be very useful in centers with limited financial resources.
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Ruiz-Delgado GJ, Macías-Gallardo J, Lutz-Presno JA, Montes-Montiel M, Ruiz-Argüelles GJ. Outcome of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a pediatric-inspired therapy: a single institution experience. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 52:314-6. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.529202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ribeiro KB, Lopes LF, de Camargo B. Trends in childhood leukemia mortality in Brazil and correlation with social inequalities. Cancer 2007; 110:1823-31. [PMID: 17786938 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality from childhood leukemia has declined substantially in developed countries but less markedly in the developing world. This study was designed to describe mortality trends in childhood leukemia and the impact of social inequalities on these trends in Brazil from 1980 to 2002. METHODS Cancer mortality data by cause and estimates of resident population stratified by age and sex were obtained from the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM) for the years 1980 to 2002. Age-standardized (ages 0-19 years) mortality rates were calculated by the direct method using the 1960 world standard population. Trends were modeled using linear regression with 3-year moving average rates as the dependent variable and with the midpoint of the calendar year interval (1991) as the independent variable. The Index of Social Exclusion was used to classify the 27 Brazilian states. Pearson correlation was used to describe the correlation between social exclusion and variations in mortality in each state. RESULTS Age-standardized mortality rates for boys decreased from 2.05 per 100,000 habitants in 1984 to 1.44 100,000 habitants in 1995, whereas the observed corresponding decline among girls was from 1.60 per 100,000 habitants in 1986 to 1.14 per 100,000 habitants in 1995. Statistically significant declining trends in mortality rates were observed for boys (adjusted correlation coefficient [r(2)] = 0.68; P < .001) and girls (adjusted r(2) = 0.62; P < .001). Significant negative correlations between social inequality and changes in mortality were noted for boys (r = -0.66; P = .001) and for girls (r = -0.78; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS A consistent decrease in mortality rates from childhood leukemia was noted in Brazil. Higher decreases in mortality were observed in more developed states, possibly reflecting better health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina B Ribeiro
- Hospital Cancer Registry, Hospital A. C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Survival among children with medulloblastoma in Greece: gains from transition to chemotherapy and socio-economic differentials. Eur J Cancer Prev 2007; 16:460-5. [PMID: 17923818 DOI: 10.1097/01.cej.0000243848.74609.9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hijiya N, Panetta JC, Zhou Y, Kyzer EP, Howard SC, Jeha S, Razzouk BI, Ribeiro RC, Rubnitz JE, Hudson MM, Sandlund JT, Pui CH, Relling MV. Body mass index does not influence pharmacokinetics or outcome of treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2006; 108:3997-4002. [PMID: 16917005 PMCID: PMC1895448 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-05-024414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting information about the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and outcome of chemotherapy. We compared pharmacokinetics, outcome, and toxicity data across 4 BMI groups (underweight, BMI < or = 10th percentile; normal; at risk of overweight, BMI > or = 85th and < 95th percentile; overweight, BMI > or = 95th percentile) in 621 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated on 4 consecutive St Jude Total Therapy studies. Chemotherapy doses were not adjusted to ideal BMI. Estimates of overall survival (86.1% +/- 3.4%, 86.0% +/- 1.7%, 85.9% +/- 4.3%, and 78.2% +/- 5.5%, respectively; P = .533), event-free survival (76.2% +/- 4.2%, 78.7% +/- 2.1%, 73.4% +/- 5.5%, and 72.7% +/- 5.9%, respectively; P = .722), and cumulative incidence of relapse (16.0% +/- 3.7%, 14.4% +/- 1.8%, 20.6% +/- 5.1%, and 16.7% +/- 5.1%, respectively; P = .862) did not differ across the 4 groups. In addition, the intracellular levels of thioguanine nucleotides and methotrexate polyglutamates did not differ between the 4 BMI groups (P = .73 and P = .74, respectively). The 4 groups also did not differ in the overall incidence of grade 3 or 4 toxicity during the induction or postinduction periods. Further, the systemic clearance of methotrexate, teniposide, etoposide, and cytarabine did not differ with BMI (P > .3). We conclude that BMI does not affect the outcome or toxicity of chemotherapy in this patient population with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Hijiya
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
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Charalampopoulou A, Petridou E, Spyridopoulos T, Dessypris N, Oikonomou A, Athanasiadou-Piperopoulou F, Baka M, Kalmanti M, Polychronopoulou S, Trichopoulos D. An integrated evaluation of socioeconomic and clinical factors in the survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a study in Greece. Eur J Cancer Prev 2004; 13:397-401. [PMID: 15452452 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200410000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of the role of socioeconomic factors in the survival of children with leukaemia, controlling for major clinical prognostic indicators, has been attempted in very few studies and the role of these factors may be different in various cultural settings. Our investigation aims to study the independent role of socioeconomic factors on the prognosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in Greece. During a 7-year period (1996-2002) 293 cases of incident ALL were diagnosed and followed up in four Childhood Haematology-Oncology Units, which covered over half of all childhood ALL cases nationwide. At the time of diagnosis, information concerning age, gender, maternal schooling, maternal marital status, sibship size, distance of residence from the treating centre, attendance of day care centre and clinical information was recorded. The influence of these factors on survival was studied by modelling the data through Cox's proportional-hazards regression. After adjustment for clinical prognostic factors, children of mothers who were not currently married, were of low educational level or were living far from the treating centre tended to have lower survival (P-values 0.02, 0.14 and 0.08, respectively). There was also evidence that two factors that are predictive of disease occurrence, that is sibship size and attendance of day care centre, may also predict survival (P-values 0.04 and 0.26, respectively). In conclusion, socioeconomic factors are likely to influence survival from ALL at least in some sociocultural contexts. Moreover, there is evidence that factors that could affect incidence of ALL through modulation of herd immunity may also have prognostic implications for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Charalampopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Athens University Medical School, Greece
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González A, Cortina L, González P, González C, García T, de Svarch EG. Longitudinal assessment of nutritional status in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Cuba. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:1031-4. [PMID: 15093578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2003] [Revised: 12/03/2003] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition has a deleterious effect on the results of therapy for malignant diseases in childhood. The impact of radiotherapy on growth is well known but the impact of cytotoxic drugs on nutritional status is more controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional status of a cohort of children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in Cuba. The study involved 49 children admitted to a single center and treated with a Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster-based protocol. Nutritional assessment included measurements of height, weight, body mass index and skin-fold thickness, made at diagnosis, after the intensive phase of treatment and at the end of therapy. Z-scores were used for height and comparison of percentiles for the rest of the variables. All the patients were above the third percentile in all the measurements. There were no statistically significant differences between the results at diagnosis, after intensive therapy and at the end of treatment. Although the sample was small, there was no demonstrable effect of chemotherapy on nutritional status in this Cuban paediatric population, in contrast to that reported in children with ALL in other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González
- Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología, Apartado 8070, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba CP 10800, Havana, Cuba.
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Abstract
The overall cure rate for cancer in childhood now exceeds 70% and is projected to reach 85% by the year 2010 in industrialized countries. Therefore, major attention is being placed on reducing the side effects of therapy. However, 85% of the world's children live in developing countries, where access to adequate care often is limited and health status frequently is influenced adversely by prevalent infectious diseases and malnutrition. Despite several confounding factors (different definitions of nutritional status, the wide variety of measures used for its assessment, the selection biases by disease and stage, treatment protocols of variable dose intensity and efficacy, small sample sizes of the studies conducted in the last 20 years), it is accepted that the prevalence of malnutrition at diagnosis averages 50% in children with cancer in developing countries; whereas, in industrialized countries, it is related to the type of tumor and the extent of the disease, ranging from < 10% in patients with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia to 50% in patients with advanced neuroblastoma. The importance of nutritional status in children with cancer is related to its possible influence on the course of the disease and survival. Some authors have described decreased tolerance of chemotherapy associated with altered metabolism of antineoplastic drugs, increased infection rates, and poor clinical outcome in malnourished children. In this article, the authors review methods of nutritional assessment and the pathogenesis of nutritional morbidity in children with cancer as well as correlations of nutritional status with diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sala
- Service of Hematology-Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
With 90% of world children living in developing countries and a rising cancer incidence, the third world bears the greatest burden of pediatric cancer. Pediatric cancers today are highly treatable, but 80% of children with malignancies die because they live in the developing countries where access to medical care is inadequate. Pediatric cancer care is expensive and available at only a few centers, which deal with excessive patient numbers and are staffed by inadequate numbers of physicians and nurses. There are marked geographic variations in incidences and presentations observed in the spectrum of pediatric malignancies. Initiatives to improve cancer care include setting up worldwide pediatric care units; establishing standard guidelines for treating patients; undertaking research and lobbying international organizations like the World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), International Union Against Cancer (UICC), and the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP); to make chemotherapy, supportive care drugs, and opioids for palliation uniformly available. New outreach training programs would alleviate manpower shortages by linking centers from the two world regions for training and facilitate collaboration with international organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Usmani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA.
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Pedrosa F, Bonilla M, Liu A, Smith K, Davis D, Ribeiro RC, Wilimas JA. Effect of malnutrition at the time of diagnosis on the survival of children treated for cancer in El Salvador and Northern Brazil. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2000; 22:502-5. [PMID: 11132216 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-200011000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between survival and malnutrition at the time of diagnosis among children treated for cancer in two developing countries. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 443 children treated for cancer between 1995 and 1998 at two centers in San Salvador, El Salvador, and Recife, Brazil. Median age at diagnosis was 4.9 years; 283 children had leukemia and 160 had solid tumors. Z-scores were calculated for weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ), and weight for height (WHZ) at diagnosis. Z scores <-2 indicated malnutrition. Patients were also stratified by low-risk disease (solid tumors: stage I, stage II, or localized; acute lymphocytic leukemia: white blood cell count <25,000/microL, no central nervous system involvement, no mediastinal mass and age >1 and <10 yrs) and high-risk disease (all other patients, including those with acute or chronic myelocytic leukemia). RESULTS Z-scores indicated malnutrition in 23.5% (WAZ), 22.8% (HAZ), and 15.7% (WHZ) of patients. Z-score was not significantly related to overall survival rates, to survival rates analyzed by type of malignancy or risk status, or to survival rates at the end of the first month of treatment. CONCLUSIONS We found no relationship between nutritional status and survival in these patients. This implies that future protocols for use in developing countries can be designed to provide optimal treatment intensity despite the high incidence of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pedrosa
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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