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Banerjee K, Núñez FJ, Haase S, McClellan BL, Faisal SM, Carney SV, Yu J, Alghamri MS, Asad AS, Candia AJN, Varela ML, Candolfi M, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Current Approaches for Glioma Gene Therapy and Virotherapy. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:621831. [PMID: 33790740 PMCID: PMC8006286 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.621831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in the adult population and it carries a dismal prognosis. Inefficient drug delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB), an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and development of drug resistance are key barriers to successful glioma treatment. Since gliomas occur through sequential acquisition of genetic alterations, gene therapy, which enables to modification of the genetic make-up of target cells, appears to be a promising approach to overcome the obstacles encountered by current therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy is a rapidly evolving field with the ultimate goal of achieving specific delivery of therapeutic molecules using either viral or non-viral delivery vehicles. Gene therapy can also be used to enhance immune responses to tumor antigens, reprogram the TME aiming at blocking glioma-mediated immunosuppression and normalize angiogenesis. Nano-particles-mediated gene therapy is currently being developed to overcome the BBB for glioma treatment. Another approach to enhance the anti-glioma efficacy is the implementation of viro-immunotherapy using oncolytic viruses, which are immunogenic. Oncolytic viruses kill tumor cells due to cancer cell-specific viral replication, and can also initiate an anti-tumor immunity. However, concerns still remain related to off target effects, and therapeutic and transduction efficiency. In this review, we describe the rationale and strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of current gene therapy approaches against gliomas in clinical and preclinical studies. This includes different delivery systems comprising of viral, and non-viral delivery platforms along with suicide/prodrug, oncolytic, cytokine, and tumor suppressor-mediated gene therapy approaches. In addition, advances in glioma treatment through BBB-disruptive gene therapy and anti-EGFRvIII/VEGFR gene therapy are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the results of gene therapy-mediated human clinical trials for gliomas. In summary, we highlight the progress, prospects and remaining challenges of gene therapies aiming at broadening our understanding and highlighting the therapeutic arsenal for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Felipe J. Núñez
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Haase
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brandon L. McClellan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Syed M. Faisal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stephen V. Carney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mahmoud S. Alghamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Antonela S. Asad
- Departamento de Biología e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J. Nicola Candia
- Departamento de Biología e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Luisa Varela
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Departamento de Biología e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Lee SY, Liu S, Mitchell RM, Slagle-Webb B, Hong YS, Sheehan JM, Connor JR. HFE polymorphisms influence the response to chemotherapeutic agents via induction of p16INK4A. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2104-14. [PMID: 21190189 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HFE is a protein that impacts cellular iron uptake. HFE gene variants are identified as risk factors or modifiers for multiple diseases. Using HFE stably transfected human neuroblastoma cells, we found that cells carrying the C282Y HFE variant do not differentiate when exposed to retinoic acid. Therefore, we hypothesized HFE variants would impact response to therapeutic agents. Both the human neuroblastoma and glioma cells that express the C282Y HFE variant are resistant to Temodar, geldanamycin and γ-radiation. A gene array analysis revealed that p16INK4A (p16) expression was increased in association with C282Y expression. Decreasing p16 protein by siRNA resulted in increased vulnerability to all of the therapeutic agents suggesting that p16 is responsible for the resistance. Decreasing HFE expression by siRNA resulted in a 85% decrease in p16 expression in the neuroblastoma cells but not the astrocytoma cells. These data suggest a potential direct relationship between HFE and p16 that may be cell specific or mediated by different pathways in the different cell types. In conclusion, the C282Y HFE variant impacts the vulnerability of cancer cells to current treatment strategies apparently by increasing expression of p16. Although best known as a tumor suppressor, there are multiple reports that p16 is elevated in some forms of cancer. Given the frequency of the HFE gene variants, as high as 10% of the Caucasian population, these data provide compelling evidence that the C282Y HFE variant should be part of a pharmacogenetic strategy for evaluating treatment efficacy in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, MS Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
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Ducray F, de Reyniès A, Chinot O, Idbaih A, Figarella-Branger D, Colin C, Karayan-Tapon L, Chneiweiss H, Wager M, Vallette F, Marie Y, Rickman D, Thomas E, Delattre JY, Honnorat J, Sanson M, Berger F. An ANOCEF genomic and transcriptomic microarray study of the response to radiotherapy or to alkylating first-line chemotherapy in glioblastoma patients. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:234. [PMID: 20822523 PMCID: PMC2944185 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular characteristics associated with the response to treatment in glioblastomas (GBMs) remain largely unknown. We performed a retrospective study to assess the genomic characteristics associated with the response of GBMs to either first-line chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The gene expression (n = 56) and genomic profiles (n = 67) of responders and non-responders to first-line chemotherapy or radiation therapy alone were compared on Affymetrix Plus 2 gene expression arrays and BAC CGH arrays. RESULTS According to Verhaak et al.'s classification system, mesenchymal GBMs were more likely to respond to radiotherapy than to first-line chemotherapy, whereas classical GBMs were more likely to respond to first-line chemotherapy than to radiotherapy. In patients treated with radiation therapy alone, the response was associated with differential expression of microenvironment-associated genes; the expression of hypoxia-related genes was associated with short-term progression-free survival (< 5 months), whereas the expression of immune genes was associated with prolonged progression-free survival (> 10 months). Consistently, infiltration of the tumor by both CD3 and CD68 cells was significantly more frequent in responders to radiotherapy than in non-responders. In patients treated with first-line chemotherapy, the expression of stem-cell genes was associated with resistance to chemotherapy, and there was a significant association between response to treatment and p16 locus deletions. Consistently, in an independent data set of patients treated with either radiotherapy alone or with both radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, we found that patients with the p16 deletion benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy regardless of their MGMT promoter methylation status, whereas in patients without the p16 deletion, this benefit was only observed in patients with a methylated MGMT promoter. CONCLUSION Differential expression of microenvironment genes and p16 locus deletion are associated with responses to radiation therapy and to first-line chemotherapy, respectively, in GBM. Recently identified transcriptomic subgroups of GBMs seem to respond differently to radiotherapy and to first-line chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Ducray
- INSERM, U842, Lyon, F-69372 France; Université Lyon 1, UMR-S842 Lyon, F-69003 France
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chinot
- Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité de Neuro-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Timone, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- « Equipe Angiogenèse, Invasivité et Microenvironnement tumoral » Faculté Médecine Timone, Université de la Mediterrannée UMR911 CRO2, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, hôpital de la Timone, Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Carole Colin
- « Equipe Angiogenèse, Invasivité et Microenvironnement tumoral » Faculté Médecine Timone, Université de la Mediterrannée UMR911 CRO2, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, hôpital de la Timone, Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Lucie Karayan-Tapon
- Université de Poitiers, EA3805, CHU de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Hervé Chneiweiss
- UMR 894 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Michel Wager
- Université de Poitiers, EA3805, CHU de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - François Vallette
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes Angers, Centre INSERM U892, Université de Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu 44035 Nantes cedex 01 France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Yannick Marie
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - David Rickman
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- INSERM, U842, Lyon, F-69372 France; Université Lyon 1, UMR-S842 Lyon, F-69003 France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - Marc Sanson
- Hôpital de la Salpêtrière (APHP), INSERM U711 and Université P&M Curie, Paris, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
| | - François Berger
- Inserm U836, Grenoble Institut de Neurosciences, Unité Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- ANOCEF (Association des Neuro-Oncologues d'Expression Française -French Speaking NeuroOncologists' Association), Unité de neuro-oncologie CHU Timone 264, rue Saint Pierre 13385 Marseille Cedex 5
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Abstract
Cancer gene therapy is based on the transfer of genetic material to cancer cells to modify a normal or abnormal cellular function, or to induce cell death. Modified viruses or stem cells have been used as carriers to transfer the genetic material to cancer cells avoiding trafficking through normal cells. However, although the current vectors have been successful in delivering genes in vitro and in vivo, little has been achieved with human cerebral gliomas. Poor transduction efficiency of viruses in human glioma cells and limited spread and distribution to the tumor limits our current expectations for successful gene therapy of central nervous system cancer until and if effective transfer vehicles are available. Nevertheless, continuing research in better vector development may overcome these limitations and offer a therapeutic advantage over the standard therapies for glioma.
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Takeda M, Magaki T, Okazaki T, Kawahara Y, Manabe T, Yuge L, Kurisu K. Effects of simulated microgravity on proliferation and chemosensitivity in malignant glioma cells. Neurosci Lett 2009; 463:54-9. [PMID: 19628020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) clinostat is a device for generating multidirectional G force, resulting in an environment with an average of 10(-3)G. We cultured human malignant glioma cell lines in a 3D-clinostat (CL group) and examined the growth properties and chemosensitivity of the cells compared to cells cultured under normal 1G conditions (C group). The growth rate was significantly inhibited in the CL group, but without cell cycle change. Mitochondrial activity was also inhibited in the CL group. Thus, inhibition of malignant glioma proliferation occurred that could be attributed to deceleration of mitosis. Chemosensitivity to cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), CDDP) in the CL group was significantly enhanced compared to the C group. This method has significant potential as a treatment of malignant gliomas and a tool for understanding developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Takeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.
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Yamasaki F, Kajiwara Y, Hama S, Murakami T, Hidaka T, Saito T, Yoshioka H, Sugiyama K, Arita K, Kurisu K. Retinoblastoma protein prevents staurosporine-induced cell death in a retinoblastoma-defective human glioma cell line. Pathobiology 2007; 74:22-31. [PMID: 17496430 DOI: 10.1159/000101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of staurosporine-induced glioma cell death and cell cycle arrest using adenovirus-mediated gene transfection, as well as the function of retinoblastoma (Rb) and genetic instability induced by staurosporine. METHODS Cell cycle regulation, cell death and nuclear abnormalities induced by staurosporine were examined using an adenovirus vector expressing Rb, p16 or p21 genes in human glioma cell lines. RESULTS The Rb-defective SF-539 cell line was resistant to staurosporine compared with cell lines expressing intact Rb. SF-539 glioma cells exposed to staurosporine became multinucleated and then died. Multinucleation was prevented in SF-539 cells transfected with the Rb gene, thus decreasing the death rate of these cells. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that enforced Rb expression protects cells from genomic instability induced by staurosporine regardless of its upstream molecular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Yamasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Collins NL, Reginato MJ, Paulus JK, Sgroi DC, Labaer J, Brugge JS. G1/S cell cycle arrest provides anoikis resistance through Erk-mediated Bim suppression. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:5282-91. [PMID: 15923641 PMCID: PMC1140593 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.12.5282-5291.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper attachment to the extracellular matrix is essential for cell survival. Detachment from the extracellular matrix results in an apoptotic process termed anoikis. Anoikis induction in MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells is due not only to loss of survival signals following integrin disengagement, but also to consequent downregulation of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and loss of EGFR-induced survival signals. Here we demonstrate that G(1)/S arrest by overexpression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16(INK4a), p21(Cip1), or p27(Kip1) or by treatment with mimosine or aphidicolin confers anoikis resistance in MCF-10A cells. G(1)/S arrest-mediated anoikis resistance involves suppression of the BH3-only protein Bim. Furthermore, in G(1)/S-arrested cells, Erk phosphorylation is maintained in suspension and is necessary for Bim suppression. Following G(1)/S arrest, known proteins upstream of Erk, including Raf and Mek, are not activated. However, retained Erk activation under conditions in which Raf and Mek activation is lost is observed, suggesting that G(1)/S arrest acts at the level of Erk dephosphorylation. Thus, anoikis resistance by G(1)/S arrest is mediated by a mechanism involving Bim suppression through maintenance of Erk activation. These results provide a novel link between cell cycle arrest and survival, and this mechanism could contribute to the survival of nonreplicating, dormant tumor cells that avert apoptosis during early stages of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Collins
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Hama S, Matsuura S, Tauchi H, Yamasaki F, Kajiwara Y, Arita K, Yoshioka H, Heike Y, Mandai K, Kurisu K. p16 Gene transfer increases cell killing with abnormal nucleation after ionising radiation in glioma cells. Br J Cancer 2003; 89:1802-11. [PMID: 14583787 PMCID: PMC2394396 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that cells synchronised at the G1–S phase are highly radiosensitive. In this study, p16-null human glioma cell lines were induced into G1 cell cycle arrest by adenovirus-mediated p16 gene transfer, and examined for radiation-induced cell killing. Clonogenic analysis and trypan blue extraction test showed that the p16 gene transfer enhanced radiation-induced cell killing in p16-null glioma cell lines. TUNEL assays and pulse-field gel electrophoresis confirmed that the radiation-induced cell killing of p16-transfected cells could be caused by a nonapoptotic mechanism. Gimsa staining demonstrated that irradiation alone or Ax-mock infection plus irradiation results in a slight increase in the frequency of cells with abnormal nucleus, compared to unirradiated uninfected or Ax-mock infected cells. However, Ax-hp16 or Ax-hp21 infection alone modestly increased the frequency of cells with abnormal nucleus (especially bi- and multinucleation), and 4-Gy irradiation of Ax-hp16 or Ax-hp21 infected cells substantially enhanced this frequency. These results suggest that there exists some unknown interaction between radiation and p16 in cytoplasm/membranes, which decreases cytokinesis and promotes abnormal nucleation. Thus, p16 expression prevented radiation-induced apoptosis by promoting abnormal nucleation, thereby leading to another mode of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Barbie TU, Barbie DA, MacLaughlin DT, Maheswaran S, Donahoe PK. Mullerian Inhibiting Substance inhibits cervical cancer cell growth via a pathway involving p130 and p107. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:15601-6. [PMID: 14671316 PMCID: PMC307614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2636900100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to causing regression of the Mullerian duct in the male embryo, Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) inhibits the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells, which are known to be of Mullerian origin. Because the uterine cervix is derived from the same Mullerian duct precursor as the epithelium of the ovary, we tested the hypothesis that cervical cancer cells might also respond to MIS. A number of cervical cancer cell lines express the MIS type II receptor, and MIS inhibits the growth of both human papilloma virus-transformed and non-human papilloma virus-transformed cervical cell lines, with a more dramatic effect seen in the latter. As in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR8, suppression of growth of the C33A cervical cancer cell line by MIS is associated with induction of the p16 tumor suppressor protein. However, in contrast to OVCAR8 cells, induction of p130 and p107 appears to play an important role in the inhibition of growth of C33A cells by MIS. Finally, normal cervical tissue expresses the MIS type II receptor in vivo, supporting the idea that MIS could be a targeted therapy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh U Barbie
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Yamasaki F, Hama S, Yoshioka H, Kajiwara Y, Yahara K, Sugiyama K, Heike Y, Arita K, Kurisu K. Staurosporine-induced apoptosis is independent of p16 and p21 and achieved via arrest at G2/M and at G1 in U251MG human glioma cell line. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2003; 51:271-83. [PMID: 12721754 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-002-0562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2002] [Accepted: 11/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms involved in the cell cycle and cell death remain unresolved despite much investigation. Staurosporine induces cell death and G1 or G2/M arrest in a dose-dependent manner, but the mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS In the present study an adenovirus vector expressing p16 or p21 genes in human glioma cell lines was used to examine cell cycle regulation and cell death induced by staurosporine. RESULTS A low concentration (</=10 n M) of staurosporine induced G1 arrest of U251MG cells, whereas a high concentration (>/=30 n M) induced G2/M arrest and finally induced apoptosis via a caspase-3-activated pathway from both the G2/M and G1 phases. However, pRb was dephosphorylated and cdc2 was inhibited at both the low and the high concentrations of staurosporine, indicating that the mechanisms of cell cycle regulation are not simply p53-Rb- or cdc2-dependent pathways. CONCLUSIONS Forced G1 arrest by transfection with p16 or p21 genes did not alter the rate of staurosporine-induced cell death. This implies that an unknown pathway of apoptosis occurs from the G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Yamasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Kim SK, Wang KC, Cho BK, Chung HT, Kim YY, Lim SY, Lee CT, Kim HJ. Interaction between p53 and p16 expressed by adenoviral vectors in human malignant glioma cell lines. J Neurosurg 2002; 97:143-50. [PMID: 12134905 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2002.97.1.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Multiple gene replacements have been examined as a potential treatment modality for malignant gliomas. Nevertheless, no reports are available that detail the synergy, additivity, or antagonism of multiple genes. The aim of this study was to assess the interaction between p53 and p16 genes in the growth of glioma cell lines. METHODS The human glioma cell lines U87MG and U373MG were transduced using an adenoviral vector with Ad-p53, Ad-p16, or both. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of the protein products of the transduced p53 and p16 genes. To establish whether the combination of Ad-p53 and Ad-p16 would be beneficial, the effects of gene combinations at the median inhibitory concentration level were analyzed using the isobologram method. Annexin assays and cell cycle analyses were performed on the transduced cells. Western blotting demonstrated the expression of p53 and p16 in transduced cells. Simultaneous exposure to Ad-p53 and Ad-p16 produced additive effects in both glioma cell lines. Experimental data points in U373MG lay near the Mode I line, indicating that the vectors had a different mode of action. The restoration of normal p53-encoded protein in the mutant cell lines induced apoptosis, whereas in the wild-type p53 cell lines, the overexpression of wild-type p53 resulted in a moderate degree of apoptosis and G1 arrest. Furthermore, Ad-p16 induced more marked G1 arrest than Ad-p53 in cells with wild-type p53. CONCLUSIONS The results show that interaction between Ad-p53 and Ad-p16 is additive, regardless of p53 gene status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Korea
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Ha TU, Segev DL, Barbie D, Masiakos PT, Tran TT, Dombkowski D, Glander M, Clarke TR, Lorenzo HK, Donahoe PK, Maheswaran S. Mullerian inhibiting substance inhibits ovarian cell growth through an Rb-independent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:37101-9. [PMID: 10958795 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m005701200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), a transforming growth factor-beta family member, causes regression of the Müllerian duct in male embryos. MIS overexpression in transgenic mice ablates the ovary, and MIS inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro, suggesting a key role for this hormone in postnatal development of the ovary. This report describes a mechanism for MIS-mediated growth inhibition in both a human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line and a cell line derived from normal ovarian surface epithelium, which is the origin of human epithelial ovarian cancers. MIS-treated cells accumulated in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle and subsequently underwent apoptosis. MIS up-regulated the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 through an MIS type II receptor-mediated mechanism and inhibited growth in the absence of detectable or inactive Rb protein. Prolonged treatment with MIS down-regulated the Rb-related protein p130 and increased the Rb family-regulated transcription factor E2F1, overexpression of which inhibited growth. These findings demonstrate that p16 is required for MIS-mediated growth inhibition in ovarian epithelial cells and tumor cells and suggest that up-regulation of E2F1 also plays a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T U Ha
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Pucci B, Kasten M, Giordano A. Cell cycle and apoptosis. Neoplasia 2000; 2:291-9. [PMID: 11005563 PMCID: PMC1550296 DOI: 10.1038/sj.neo.7900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/1999] [Revised: 07/07/2000] [Accepted: 07/10/2000] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cell proliferation and death must be regulated to maintain tissue homeostasis. Many observations suggest that this regulation may be achieved, in part, by coupling the process of cell cycle progression and programmed cell death by using and controlling a shared set of factors. An argument in favor of a link between the cell cycle and apoptosis arises from the accumulated evidence that manipulation of the cell cycle may either prevent or induce an apoptotic response. This linkage has been recognized for tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and RB, the dominant oncogene, c-Myc, and several cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and their regulators. These proteins that function in proliferative pathways may also act to sensitize cells to apoptosis. Indeed, unregulated cell proliferation can result in pathologic conditions including neoplasias if it is not countered by the appropriate cell death. Translating the knowledge gained by studying the connection between cell death and cell proliferation may aid in identifying novel therapies to circumvent disease progression or improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pucci
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Abstract
The major problem in lung cancer chemotherapy is the emergence of inherent and acquired drug resistance of the cancer cells. Establishment of drug-resistant sublines and comparative investigations of such cell lines with their parental cells to determine their molecular, biologic, and biochemical properties are important research strategies. Genetic changes in tumor cells may induce changes in their biochemical properties and chemosensitivity. Many mechanisms that render tumor cells resistant have been identified, and they have provided new molecular targets for surrogate markers to predict chemosensitivity. The new categories of anticancer drugs, such as topoisomerase I inhibitors and taxanes, and non-cytotoxic new drugs, have been introduced clinically. It is important to define the molecular determinants of resistance to these drugs. The development of an appropriate model for overcoming drug resistance is one of the important issues that should be solved before carrying out further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishio
- Pharmacology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagane M, Huang HJS, Cavenee WK. Causes of drug resistance and novel therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of glioblastoma. Drug Resist Updat 1999; 2:30-37. [PMID: 11504467 DOI: 10.1054/drup.1998.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are among the most lethal and intractable of human tumors and drug resistance is one of the major obstacles to their successful treatment. Recent advances in the molecular biology and genetics of human cancers provide a detailed understanding of cellular and molecular responses to chemotherapy and how drug resistance may develop. Several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been shown to confer resistance to tumor cells and should, therefore, provide novel and defined targets for cancer treatment. In addition to overcoming cellular resistance, special efforts to increase drug delivery to glial tumors need to be pursued because of the relatively unique problem of the blood-brain barrier. Treatments aimed at these targets will likely benefit from combined therapies including surgery, traditional chemotherapy and targeted disruption of other physiological processes such as angiogenesis. Copyright 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Nagane
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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Abstract
Conventional therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy and, to a lesser extent, chemotherapy have produced significant increases in survival in patients with some types of brain tumours such as medulloblastoma. However, in many other types of brain tumour in both adults and children, the effect of these modalities has been more modest. A thorough understanding of the biology of malignant brain tumours is likely to provide the background for the development of new leads that might be amenable to therapeutic exploitation. This review examines some aspects of glioma biology that have been reported in the past 12 months, and which might be translated into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Darling
- University Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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