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Hai-Na Z, Jun-Jie J, Guang-Meng X. Peptides derived from growth factors: Exploring their diverse impact from antimicrobial properties to neuroprotection. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116830. [PMID: 38824833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth factor-derived peptides are bioactive molecules that play a crucial role in various physiological processes within the human body. Over the years, extensive research has revealed their diverse applications, ranging from antimicrobial properties to their potential in neuroprotection and treating various diseases. These peptides exhibit innate immune responses and have been found to possess potent antimicrobial properties against a wide range of pathogens. Growth factor-derived peptides have demonstrated the ability to promote neuronal survival, prevent cell death, and stimulate neural regeneration. As a result, they hold immense promise in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, as well as in the management of traumatic brain injuries. Moreover, growth factor-derived peptides have shown potential for supporting tissue repair and wound healing processes. By enhancing cell proliferation and migration, these peptides contribute to the regeneration of damaged tissues and promote a more efficient healing response. The applications of growth factor-derived peptides extend beyond their therapeutic potential in health; they also have a role in various disease conditions. For example, researchers have explored their influence on cancer cells, where some peptides have demonstrated anti-cancer properties, inhibiting tumor growth and promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, their immunomodulatory properties have been investigated for potential applications in autoimmune disorders. Despite the immense promise shown by growth factor-derived peptides, some challenges need to be addressed. Nevertheless, ongoing research and advancements in biotechnology offer promising avenues to overcome these obstacles. The review summarizes the foundational biology of growth factors and the intricate signaling pathways in various physiological processes as well as diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular ailments, and metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hai-Na
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Jiang Jun-Jie
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Xu Guang-Meng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, PR China.
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Gach-Janczak K, Biernat M, Kuczer M, Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk A, Kluczyk A. Analgesic Peptides: From Natural Diversity to Rational Design. Molecules 2024; 29:1544. [PMID: 38611824 PMCID: PMC11013236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain affects one-third of the global population and is a significant public health issue. The use of opioid drugs, which are the strongest painkillers, is associated with several side effects, such as tolerance, addiction, overdose, and even death. An increasing demand for novel, safer analgesic agents is a driving force for exploring natural sources of bioactive peptides with antinociceptive activity. Since the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a crucial role in pain modulation, the discovery of new peptide ligands for GPCRs is a significant challenge for novel drug development. The aim of this review is to present peptides of human and animal origin with antinociceptive potential and to show the possibilities of their modification, as well as the design of novel structures. The study presents the current knowledge on structure-activity relationship in the design of peptide-based biomimetic compounds, the modification strategies directed at increasing the antinociceptive activity, and improvement of metabolic stability and pharmacodynamic profile. The procedures employed in prolonged drug delivery of emerging compounds are also discussed. The work summarizes the conditions leading to the development of potential morphine replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gach-Janczak
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.G.-J.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Monika Biernat
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariola Kuczer
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.G.-J.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (M.K.)
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Antony P, Baby B, Jobe A, Vijayan R. Computational Modeling of the Interactions between DPP IV and Hemorphins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3059. [PMID: 38474306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to either insufficient insulin production or ineffective utilization of insulin by the body. The enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) plays a crucial role in degrading incretins that stimulate insulin secretion. Therefore, the inhibition of DPP IV is an established approach for the treatment of diabetes. Hemorphins are a class of short endogenous bioactive peptides produced by the enzymatic degradation of hemoglobin chains. Numerous in vitro and in vivo physiological effects of hemorphins, including DPP IV inhibiting activity, have been documented in different systems and tissues. However, the underlying molecular binding behavior of these peptides with DPP IV remains unknown. Here, computational approaches such as protein-peptide molecular docking and extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to identify the binding pose and stability of peptides in the active site of DPP IV. Findings indicate that hemorphins lacking the hydrophobic residues LVV and VV at the N terminal region strongly bind to the conserved residues in the active site of DPP IV. Furthermore, interactions with these critical residues were sustained throughout the duration of multiple 500 ns MD simulations. Notably, hemorphin 7 showed higher binding affinity and sustained interactions by binding to S1 and S2 pockets of DPP IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Antony
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bincy Baby
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amie Jobe
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- The Big Data Analytics Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Todorov P, Georgieva S, Peneva P, Nikolov S, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Pechlivanova D, Tchekalarova J. Synthesis, molecular docking, electrochemical and fluorimetric analysis of new caffeic and cinnamic acid-conjugated hemorphin derivatives designed as potential anticonvulsant and antinociceptive agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107063. [PMID: 38150935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Based on the pharmacophore model of opioid receptors, our team recently synthesized a series of short-chain hemorphin peptide analogs containing non-natural amino acids. They demonstrated anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activity with low neurotoxicity. In the present study, a series of novel bioconjugates of N-modified hemorphin analogs containing second pharmacophore cinnamic acids (CA) or caffeic (KA) were synthesized by a traditional solid-phase Fmoc chemistry method for peptide synthesis. Electrochemical and fluorimetric analysis, in vivo anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activity in mice were conducted on the compounds. The three CA acid- (H4-CA, H5-CA, and H7-CA) and three KA acid- (H4-KA, H5-KA, and H7-KA) conjugated hemorphin derivatives exhibited potency at the highest doses of 2 µg/5 µl, administered by intracerebroventricular (icv) mode, against seizure spread in the maximal electroshock test (MES) in mice. The KA-conjugated H5-KA derivate, at the lowest dose, was the only compound that suppressed clonic seizures in the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) test. Except for the H5-CA, all tested CA acid- and KA acid-conjugated peptide derivates had the potency to increase the latency for clonic seizures in a dose-dependent mode. The activity against the psychomotor seizures in the 6-Hz test was detected only for the H4-CA (0.5 µg) and H4-KA (0.5 µg and 1 µg), respectively. All investigated peptides showed a more pronounced antinociceptive effect in the "intraplantar formalin" test compared to the "hot plate" test. Shorter chain analogs showed a better antinociceptive profile against tonic pain. The data suggest a DOR and KOR-mediated mechanism of action. According to the docking analysis, H7-CA showed a different antinociceptive profile than other investigated peptides. The novel peptide derivates did not exhibit neurotoxicity in the rotarod test. Our findings suggest that conjugated CA and KA morphine peptides can be used to develop novel morphine-related analogs with anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Stela Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petia Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Spas Nikolov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Pechlivanova
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Todorov P, Assenov B, Angelov D, Dzhambazova E, Pechlivanova D. Behavioral Effects and Analgesic Profile of Hemoglobin-Derived Valorphin and Its Synthetic Analog in Rodents. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2783. [PMID: 37893157 PMCID: PMC10603931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorphin (V1) is a naturally occurring peptide derived from hemoglobin that has been found to have an affinity for opioid receptors and exhibits antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activity. Some of its synthetic analogs containing an aminophosphonate moiety show structure-dependent potent antinociceptive effects. This study aimed to reveal a detailed picture of the antinociceptive mechanisms and behavioral effects of V1 and its recently synthesized phosphopeptide analog V2p in rodents using a range of methods. The studied peptides significantly reduced acute (mean V1-9.0, V2p-5.8 vs. controls-54.1 s) and inflammatory (mean V1-57.9 and V2p-53.3 vs. controls-107.6 s) nociceptive pain in the formalin test, as well as carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia (mean V1-184.7 and V2p-107.3 vs. controls-61.8 g) in the paw pressure test. These effects are mediated by activation of opioid receptors with a predominance of kappa in V1 antinociception and by delta, kappa, and mu receptors in V2p-induced antinociception. Both peptides did not change the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta in blood serum. V1 induces depression-like behavior, and V2p shows a tendency toward anxiolysis and short-term impairment of motor coordination without affecting exploratory behavior. The results characterize valorphin and its derivative as promising analgesics that exert their effects both centrally and peripherally, without causing severe behavioral changes in experimental animals. These encouraging data are a foundation for future studies focusing on the effects of hemorphins after long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Borislav Assenov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.A.); (D.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Dimo Angelov
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.A.); (D.A.)
| | - Elena Dzhambazova
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Daniela Pechlivanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.A.); (D.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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6
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Song C, Wang Q, Song N. Hemorphin-Based Analgesia: A Mechanism of Cupping Technique? J Pain Res 2023; 16:1751-1754. [PMID: 37273272 PMCID: PMC10237328 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s413021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Cupping is a time-honoured traditional healing modality for pain management and remains favoured by professionals and lay people across several cultures today. However, the analgesic mechanism of cupping is still poorly understood. In addition, clinical guidelines for standardized applications of cupping are currently lacking. The awareness of cupping marks has provoked curiosity about the connection between skin color changes and their benefit for local pain relief. Computer simulation is a promising approach for numerical modeling the cupping-evoked erythrocyte emigration. Quantitative proteomic profiling of cupping-induced blister fluid exhibited a significant decrease in the abundance of haemoglobin β subunit. This finding provides a critical clue to paint a novel picture of the mechanism behind cupping. The hemorphins are a set of non-classical opioid peptides derived from the proteolysis of haemoglobin β subunit. In the present study, a probable mechanism of hemorphin-based cupping analgesia is proposed. The hemorphin could also act as a potential biomarker for objective and timely quantitative clinical assessment of cupping in the management of pain conditions. A seminal theory may open a new avenue for future translational research on promoting the efficacy and safety of cupping analgesia. Conclusion The local analgesic effect of cupping is probable in the context of haemoglobin degradation that bestows the appearance of hemorphins along with engaging opioid receptor signalling. Exploring the potential novel mechanism of cupping analgesia facilitates seeking non-pharmacologic pain interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Song
- Erythrocrine Research Initiative of Translational Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Cancer Therapy Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianci Song
- Biodesign Lab, Geriatricare Biorobotics Studio, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gathercole J, Maes E, Thomas A, Wieliczko R, Grosvenor A, Haines S, Clerens S, Deb-Choudhury S. Unlocking the bioactivity of meat proteins: Comparison of meat and meat hydrolysate via simulated gastrointestinal digestion. J Proteomics 2023; 273:104806. [PMID: 36587727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the functional attributes of meat proteins is crucial for determining their nutritional benefits. Depending on the form in which meat proteins are available, the digestive process can release peptides which are valuable for nutrition and may also possess bioactive properties, affecting physiology. Liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to quantitatively compare the molecular peptide features (representing non-redundant peptides), during the different stages of a simulated gastrointestinal digestion process of a minimally processed powdered meat and its enzymatically produced hydrolysate. Results from a principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the hydrolysate did not undergo extensive additional digestion whereas the powdered meat was digested both at the gastric and in the intestinal phases. Bioactive peptide sequence prediction identified the meat hydrolysate but not the meat powder as the only source of exact and partial bioactive matches in the angiotensin-I converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition categories. Also, a higher source of cryptides (encrypted bioactive peptides), indicated that meat hydrolysates are potentially a better substrate for the release of these enzyme inhibitory peptides. These observations thus suggest that pre-digestion of a complex food matrix such as meat, may enhance its bioavailability following oral consumption early in the digestion process. SIGNIFICANCE: This work highlights enzymatic hydrolysis of meat proteins prior to ingestion allows for potentially higher bioavailability of bioactive peptides that inhibit angiotensin-I converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV, thus possibly aiding high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyne Maes
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Ancy Thomas
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Stephen Haines
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Clerens
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch Lincoln, New Zealand; Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Georgieva S, Todorov P, Staneva D, Grozdanov P, Nikolova I, Grabchev I. Metal-Peptide Complexes with Antimicrobial Potential for Cotton Fiber Protection. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020106. [PMID: 36826905 PMCID: PMC9962186 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A study of the formation of copper (II) complexes with hemorphin peptide motifs in alkalic water solutions is presented. The effect of the peptide ligand on the complexing properties of the Cu (II) ion was quantified by giving the stoichiometry and stability of the complex compounds in the medium in which they are formed using voltammetric (cyclic) and spectral (UV-Vis and fluorimetric) analytical techniques. The resulting complexes were examined via IR spectroscopy to detect M-N and M-O oscillations and using the EPR approach in solution and in the solid phase to view the coordination and ligand binding regime. The possibility of the synergistic action of copper ions in the antivirus protection processes of cotton fibers coated in the same solvent with the newly obtained complex compounds was also investigated. One of the advantages is the formation of the complexes in an environment where the immobilization takes place, which contributes to increasing the efficiency of the process. The obtained results may serve as an aid for future more detailed biological studies of structure-activity relationships (SARs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (P.T.)
| | - Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (P.T.)
| | - Desislava Staneva
- Department of Textile, Leathers and Fuels, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Grozdanov
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Nikolova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivo Grabchev
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Impact of Pulsed Electric Fields and pH on Enzyme Inactivation and Bioactivities of Peptic Hydrolysates Produced from Bovine and Porcine Hemoglobin. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213313. [DOI: 10.3390/foods11213313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of bioactive peptides from hemoglobin via peptic hydrolysis is a promising alternative to valorizing slaughterhouse blood proteins. Nevertheless, it has some limitations such as low yield, high cost of enzymes, and the use of chemical reagents. The latter is aggravated by the pH increase to inactivate the enzyme, which can affect the bioactivity of the peptides. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the pepsin inactivation and biological activities (antimicrobial and antioxidant) of hemoglobin hydrolysates. Bovine (Hb-B) and porcine (Hb-P) hemoglobin were hydrolyzed with pepsin for 3 h and treated with PEFs to inactivate the enzyme. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) did not show significant changes after PEF inactivation, whereas peptide population analysis showed some changes in PEF-treated hydrolysates over time, suggesting residual pepsin activity. PEF treatments showed no significant positive or negative impact on antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Additionally, the impact of pH (3, 7, and 10) on bioactivity was studied. Higher pH fostered stronger anti-yeast activity and DPPH-scavenging capacity, whereas pH 7 fostered antifungal activity. Thus, the use of hemoglobin from the meat industry combined with PEF treatments could fit the circular economy concept since bioactive peptides can be produced more eco-efficiently and recycled to reduce the spoilage of meat products. Nevertheless, further studies on PEF conditions must be carried out to achieve complete inactivation of pepsin and the potential enhancement of peptides’ bioactivity.
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Todorov P, Georgieva S, Staneva D, Peneva P, Grozdanov P, Nikolova I, Vasileva-Tonkova E, Grabchev I. Study of Novel Peptides for Antimicrobial Protection in Solution and on Cotton Fabric. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154770. [PMID: 35897948 PMCID: PMC9332204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Some new N- and C-modified biomolecular peptide analogues of both VV-hemorphin-5 and VV-hemorphin-7 with varied amino acids (Cys, Glu, His), 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid, and niacin (nicotinic acid) were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis-Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxy-carbonyl) chemistry and were characterized in water solutions with different pH using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Basic physicochemical properties related to the elucidation of the peptide structure at physiological pH have been also studied. The results showed that the interaction of peptide compounds with light and electricity preserves the structural and conformational integrity of the compounds in the solutions. Moreover, textile cotton fibers were modified with the new compounds and the binding of the peptides to the surface of the material was proved by FTIR and SEM analysis. Washing the material with an alkaline soap solution did not show a violation of the modified structure of the cotton. Antiviral activity against the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV-S2) and human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-5), the antimicrobial activity against B. cereus and P. aeruginosa used as model bacterial strains and cytotoxic effect of the peptide derivatives and modified cotton textile material has been evaluated. Antimicrobial tests showed promising activity of the newly synthesized compounds against the used Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The compounds C-V, H-V, AC-V, and AH-V were found slightly more active than NH7C and NCH7. The activity has been retained after the deposition of the compounds on cotton fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-2-8163423
| | - Stela Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Desislava Staneva
- Department of Textile and Leathers, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Petia Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Petar Grozdanov
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.G.); (I.N.); (E.V.-T.)
| | - Ivanka Nikolova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.G.); (I.N.); (E.V.-T.)
| | - Evgenia Vasileva-Tonkova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.G.); (I.N.); (E.V.-T.)
| | - Ivo Grabchev
- Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Mendonça MM, da Cruz KR, Pinheiro DDS, Moraes GCA, Ferreira PM, Ferreira-Neto ML, da Silva ES, Gonçalves RV, Pedrino GR, Fajemiroye JO, Xavier CH. Dysregulation in erythrocyte dynamics caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection: possible role in shuffling the homeostatic puzzle during COVID-19. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2022; 44:235-245. [PMID: 35098037 PMCID: PMC8786672 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The evolving COVID-19 pandemic became a hallmark in human history, not only by changing lifestyles, but also by enriching scientific knowledge on viral infection and its consequences. Objective Although the management of cardiorespiratory changes is pivotal to a favorable prognosis during severe clinical findings, dysregulation of other systems caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection may imbalance erythrocyte dynamics, such as a bidirectional positive feedback loop pathophysiology. Method and Results Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of affecting the genetics and dynamics of erythrocytes and this coexists with a non-homeostatic function of cardiovascular, respiratory and renal systems during COVID-19. In hypothesis, SARS-CoV-2-induced systematical alterations of erythrocytes dynamics would constitute a setpoint for COVID-19-related multiple organ failure syndrome and death. Conclusion The present review covers the most frequent erythrocyte-related non-homeostatic findings during COVID-19 capable of providing mechanistic clues of SARS-CoV-2-induced infection and inspiring therapeutic-oriented scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kellen Rosa da Cruz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patricia Maria Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luiz Ferreira-Neto
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (ICBIM UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - James O Fajemiroye
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Xavier
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Hemorphins-From Discovery to Functions and Pharmacology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133879. [PMID: 34201982 PMCID: PMC8270332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last three decades, a variety of different studies on bioactive peptides that are opioid receptor ligands, have been carried out, with regard to their isolation and identification, as well as their molecular functions in living organisms. Thus, in this review, we would like to summarize the present state-of-the art concerning hemorphins, methodological aspects of their identification, and their potential role as therapeutic agents. We have collected and discussed articles describing hemorphins, from their discovery up until now, thus presenting a very wide spectrum of their characteristic and applications. One of the major assets of the present paper is a combination of analytical and pharmacological aspects of peptides described by a team who participated in the initial research on hemorphins. This review is, in part, focused on the analysis of endogenous opioid peptides in biological samples using advanced techniques, description of the identification of synthetic/endogenous hemorphins, their involvement in pharmacology, learning, pain and other function. Finally, the part regarding hemorphin analogues and their synthesis, has been added.
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Assenov B, Pechlivanova D, Dzhambazova E, Peneva P, Todorov P. Antinociceptive Effects of VV-Hemorphin-5 Peptide Analogues Containing Amino phosphonate Moiety in Mouse Formalin Model of Pain. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:442-449. [PMID: 32798365 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200813200714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorphins are endogenous hemoglobin-derived peptides that belong to the family of "atypical" opioid peptides with both affinities to opioid receptors and ability to release other endogenous opioid peptides. OBJECTIVE In the present study, peptide analogues of Valorphin (VV-hemorphin-5) containing amino phosphonate moiety synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis (Fmoc-strategy) were investigated for their potential antinociceptive activities and compared to the reference VV-H in formalin- induced model of acute and inflammatory pain in mice. METHODS The hemorphin analogues were prepared by replacement of the one and/or two N-terminal Val in VV-hemorphin5 (VV-H) with ((dimethoxy phosphoryl) methyl)-L-valine and ((dimethoxy phosphoryl) methyl)-L-leucine to obtain the compounds pVV-H, pL-H, and pLV-H. Aiming to additionally prove the importance of amino acid valine, we introduced the ((dimethoxy phosphoryl) methyl)-L-leucine to the N-side of VV-hemorphin-5 (pLVV-H). The experiments were carried out on adult male ICR mice. All peptides were administered intracerebroventricularly at three doses (50, 25 and 12,5 μg/mouse). We have studied the effects of the peptides on acute (1st phase) and inflammatory (2nd phase) pain reaction using un experimental model with intraplantar formalin injection. RESULTS VV-H showed a significant antinociceptive effect both in the acute and inflammatory phases of the test. Although Valorphin hexa-, hepta-, and octapeptide analogs demonstrated a significant antinociceptive effect, they showed substantial differences considering their effective dose and the phase of the test as compared to the Valorphin. DISCUSSION Data showed that modified heptapeptides pVV-H and pLV-H exerted the same or better antinociception in acute and inflammatory pain, in comparison to the reference peptide, while pL-H and pLVV-H analogues were less effective. CONCLUSION Our study contributes to the elucidation of the role of Valine and the number of amino acid residues in the structure of hemorphin peptide analogs in their effectiveness in suppressing both acute and inflammatory experimental pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borislav Assenov
- Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Medical Faculty, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | | | - Elena Dzhambazova
- Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Medical Faculty, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Petia Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria
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Arihara K, Yokoyama I, Ohata M. Bioactivities generated from meat proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis and the Maillard reaction. Meat Sci 2021; 180:108561. [PMID: 34034035 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are released from meat proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis (i.e., gastrointestinal digestion, aging/storage, fermentation, and protease treatment). Such peptides attribute physiological functions to meat and meat products and are promising food ingredients for developing functional foods. Meat by-products (e.g., blood and collagen) are also good sources for generating bioactive peptides, since they are produced in large quantities and are rich in proteins. Although protein-derived bioactive peptides are attractive ingredients, their changes by the Maillard reaction during processing, cooking, and storage should be investigated. This article briefly reviews the production of bioactive peptides from meat and meat by-products. Such diverse peptides affects circulatory, nervous, alimentary, and immune systems. Then, the bioactivities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) generated from protein hydrolysates are discussed. Special attention is paid to bioactivities of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF) inhalation. As such activities, we have evaluated the impact of DMHF on blood pressure, moods, brainwaves, and dietary intake. Our efforts for understanding various aspects and implication of peptides and MRPs from meat proteins would open new avenues in the meat and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arihara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan.
| | - I Yokoyama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Japan
| | - M Ohata
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan
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15
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Hemorphins Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030225. [PMID: 33799973 PMCID: PMC7998264 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorphins are short peptides produced by the proteolysis of the beta subunit of hemoglobin. These peptides have diverse physiological effects especially in the nervous and the renin-angiotensin systems. Such effects occur through the modulation of a diverse range of proteins including enzymes and receptors. In this review, we focus on pharmacological and functional targeting of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by hemorphins and their implication in physiology and pathophysiology. Among GPCRs, the opioid receptors constitute the first set of targets of hemorphins with implication in analgesia. Subsequently, several other GPCRs have been reported to be directly or indirectly involved in hemorphins’ action. This includes the receptors for angiotensin II, oxytocin, bombesin, and bradykinin, as well as the human MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X1. Interestingly, both orthosteric activation and allosteric modulation of GPCRs by hemorphins have been reported. This review links hemorphins with GPCR pharmacology and signaling, supporting the implication of GPCRs in hemorphins’ effects. Thus, this aids a better understanding of the molecular basis of the action of hemorphins and further demonstrates that hemorphin-GPCR axis constitutes a valid target for therapeutic intervention in different systems.
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Abid MSR, Mousavi S, Checco JW. Identifying Receptors for Neuropeptides and Peptide Hormones: Challenges and Recent Progress. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:251-263. [PMID: 33539706 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular signaling events mediated by neuropeptides and peptide hormones represent important targets for both basic science and drug discovery. For many bioactive peptides, the protein receptors that transmit information across the receiving cell membrane are not known, severely limiting these signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets. Identifying the receptor(s) for a given peptide of interest is complicated by several factors. Most notably, cell-cell signaling peptides are generated through dynamic biosynthetic pathways, can act on many different families of receptor proteins, and can participate in complex ligand-receptor interactions that extend beyond a simple one-to-one archetype. Here, we discuss recent methodological advances to identify signaling partners for bioactive peptides. Recent efforts have centered on methods to identify candidate receptors via transcript expression, methods to match peptide-receptor pairs through high throughput screening, and methods to capture direct ligand-receptor interactions using chemical probes. Future applications of the receptor identification approaches discussed here, as well as technical advancements to address their limitations, promise to lead to a greater understanding of how cells communicate to deliver complex physiologies. Importantly, such advancements will likely provide novel targets for the treatment of human diseases within the central nervous and endocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shadman Ridwan Abid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Somayeh Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - James W. Checco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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Hung HY, Chow LH, Kotlinska JH, Drabik A, Silberring J, Chen YH, Huang EYK. LVV-hemorphin-7 (LVV-H7) plays a role in antinociception in a rat model of alcohol-induced pain disorders. Peptides 2021; 136:170455. [PMID: 33253777 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol can increase the sensitivity to painful stimulation or convert insensibility to pain at different stages. We hypothesized that chronic alcohol consumption changes the level of LVV-hemorphin-7 (abbreviated as LVV-H7, an opioid-like peptide generated from hemoglobin β-chain), thereby affecting pain sensation. We established a chronic alcohol-exposed rat model to investigate the effects of LVV-H7. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to daily intraperitoneal injection of 10 % ethanol (w/v) at 0.5 g/kg for 15 days and subsequent alcohol withdrawal for 5 days. Using different pharmacological strategies to affect the LVV-H7 level, we investigated the correlation between LVV-H7 and pain-related behavior. Tail-flick and hot plate tests were employed to investigate alcohol-induced pain-related behavioral changes. The serum level of LVV-H7 was determined by ELISA. Our results showed that alcohol first induced an analgesia followed by a hyperalgesia during alcohol withdrawal, which could be driven by the quantitative change of LVV-H7. A positive correlation between the level of LVV-H7 and Δtail-flick latency (measured latency minus basal latency) confirmed this finding. Moreover, we revealed that the LVV-H7 levels were determined by the activity of cathepsin D and red blood cell/hemoglobin counts, which could be affected by alcohol. These results suggest that the deterioration of anti-nociception induced by alcohol is correlated to the decreased level of LVV-H7, and this could be due to alcohol-induced anemia. This study may help to develop LVV-H7 structure-based novel analgesics for treating alcohol-induced pain disorders and thus ameliorate the complications in alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yuan Hung
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lok-Hi Chow
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jolanta H Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy With Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Drabik
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Todorov P, Peneva P, Tchekalarova J, Georgieva S, Rangelov M, Todorova N. Structure-activity relationship study on new hemorphin-4 analogues containing steric restricted amino acids moiety for evaluation of their anticonvulsant activity. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1375-1390. [PMID: 33011823 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, several new analogues of hemorphin-4, modified with unnatural conformationally restricted amino acids followed the structure Aaa-Tyr-Xxx-Trp-Thr-NH2, where Aaa is the low-molecular-weight lipophilic adamantyl building block, and Xxx is Ac5c (1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid) or Ac6c (1-aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid) was synthesized, characterized and investigated for anticonvulsant activity in three seizure tests, the maximal electroshock test (MES), 6-Hz psychomotor seizure test and timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole infusion (ivPTZ) test. The acute neurological toxicity was determined using the rota-rod test. The new synthetic neuropeptide analogues were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis-Fmoc chemistry and were evaluated in three doses of 1, 3 and 5 µg, respectively, administered intracerebroventricularly in male ICR mice. The physicochemical properties of these peptide analogues were evaluated as pKa and pI values were calculated using potentiometry. The IR spectrum of the compounds was recorded and the characteristic lines of both adamantane moiety and the peptide backbone were registered in the wavelength range from 4000 to 400 cm-1. The hexapeptide Ang IV was used as a positive control. From the six synthesized peptide analogues, the P4-5 was the most active at doses of 1 and 3 µg in the three seizure tests. The order of potency of other peptides was as follows: P4 > P4-3 = P4-4 > P4-2 > Ang IV in MES, P4-4 ≥ P4-1 > P4-3 > P4-2 > P4 > Ang IV in 6-Hz test and P4-4 = P4-3 > P4-2 = P4 > Ang IV in ivPTZ test. None of the peptides displayed neurotoxicity in the rota-rod test. Docking study results suggest that direct H-bonding and ionic interactions between our synthetic ligands and residues, responsible for coordination of Zn2+ along with hydrophobic interactions between our ligands and IRAP active site are the most important for the ligand binding. The results propose that incorporation of adamantane and cycloalkane building blocks in the peptide chain of the hemorphin-4 scaffold is important for the potential high biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Todorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petia Peneva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stela Georgieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Nicotianamine-rich foods for improving the learning and memory functions and as an effective preventing agent of hypertension. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ali A, Alzeyoudi SAR, Almutawa SA, Alnajjar AN, Vijayan R. Molecular basis of the therapeutic properties of hemorphins. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104855. [PMID: 32438036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemorphins are endogenous peptides, 4-10 amino acids long, belonging to the family of atypical opioid peptides released during the sequential cleavage of hemoglobin protein. Hemorphins have been shown to exhibit diverse therapeutic effects in both human and animal models. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in such effects remain elusive. In this review, we summarize and propose potential mechanisms based on studies that investigated the biological activity of hemorphins of different lengths on multiple therapeutic targets. Special emphasis is given to molecular events related to renin-angiotensin system (RAS), opioid receptors and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase receptor (IRAP). This review provides a comprehensive coverage of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the therapeutic potential of hemorphins. Furthermore, it highlights the role of various hemorphin residues in pathological conditions, which could be explored further for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanat Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Shamma Abdulla Almutawa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alya Nasir Alnajjar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Sumera A, Anuar ND, Radhakrishnan AK, Ibrahim H, Rutt NH, Ismail NH, Tan TM, Baba AA. A Novel Method to Identify Autoantibodies against Putative Target Proteins in Serum from beta-Thalassemia Major: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E97. [PMID: 32357536 PMCID: PMC7277850 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal immune reactivity in patients with beta-thalassemia (beta-thal) major can be associated with poor prognosis. Immunome protein-array analysis represents a powerful approach to identify novel biomarkers. The Sengenics Immunome Protein Array platform was used for high-throughput quantification of autoantibodies in 12 serum samples collected from nine beta-thal major patients and three non-thalassemia controls, which were run together with two pooled normal sera (Sengenics Internal QC samples). To obtain more accurate and reliable results, the evaluation of the biological relevance of the shortlisted biomarkers was analyzed using an Open Target Platform online database. Elevated autoantibodies directed against 23 autoantigens on the immunome array were identified and analyzed using a penetrance fold change-based bioinformatics method. Understanding the autoantibody profile of beta-thal major patients would help to further understand the pathogenesis of the disease. The identified autoantigens may serve as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of beta-thal major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Sumera
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Diana Anuar
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 409051, Singapore; (N.D.A.); (N.H.R.); (N.H.I.); (T.-M.T.)
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Hishamshah Ibrahim
- Paediatrics Department, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Jalan Ipoh, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul H. Rutt
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 409051, Singapore; (N.D.A.); (N.H.R.); (N.H.I.); (T.-M.T.)
| | - Nur Hafiza Ismail
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 409051, Singapore; (N.D.A.); (N.H.R.); (N.H.I.); (T.-M.T.)
| | - Ti-Myen Tan
- Sengenics Corporation Pte Ltd., Singapore 409051, Singapore; (N.D.A.); (N.H.R.); (N.H.I.); (T.-M.T.)
| | - Abdul Aziz Baba
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
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Potential anticonvulsant activity of novel VV-hemorphin-7 analogues containing unnatural amino acids: synthesis and characterization. Amino Acids 2020; 52:567-585. [PMID: 32206933 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, some new analogues of VV-hemorphin-7, modified at position 4 and 7 by the unnatural amino acids followed the structure Val-Val-Tyr-Xxx-Trp-Thr-Yyy-Arg-Phe-NH2, where Xxx is Ac5c (1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid) or Ac6c (1-aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid) and Yyy is Dap (diaminopropanoic acid) or Dab (diaminobutanoic acid), were synthesized, characterized and investigated for anticonvulsant activity. The new synthetic peptide analogues were prepared by standard solid-phase peptide synthesis-Fmoc chemistry. A single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection at doses of 5, 10, and 20 µg/10 µl, respectively, was given before evaluation with timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (ivPTZ) infusion test and 6-Hz psychomotor seizure test in mice. The acute neurological toxicity was determined using the rotarod test. To explain the structure-active properties of the modified peptides, some physicochemical characteristic was obtained. The FT-IR spectra and their second derivatives of the amide I, II, and III bands of the peptides show ß-sheet structure conformation. The calculation of isoelectric points, by potentiometric determination of dissociated constants, is in the range from 9.79 to 10.84. This study, for the first time, also reported on the reduction-oxidative potentials of the guanidine at Arg-moiety on such kind of peptides containing arginine and tyrosine residues in different medium and electrode surface. The VV-hemorphin-7 analogues 4 and 5 were the most active against the ivPTZ test, with the effect comparable to that of peptide 1 used as a positive control. Except compound 8, all other tested peptide analogues were ineffective to raise the threshold for the clonic seizures. The peptide analogue 5 showed 100% protection in the 6-Hz test, while the other seven VV-hemorphin-7 analogues have dose-dependent activity against psychomotor seizures comparable to 1. The novel peptides did not show neurotoxicity in the rotarod test.
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Ashkarran AA, Olfatbakhsh T, Ramezankhani M, Crist RC, Berrettini WH, Milani AS, Pakpour S, Mahmoudi M. Evolving Magnetically Levitated Plasma Proteins Detects Opioid Use Disorder as a Model Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901608. [PMID: 31994348 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are several methods (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy) that already use human plasma to detect a variety of possible diseases. However, this paper introduces the capabilities of magnetic levitation (Maglev) to detect disease (Opioid Use Disorder, used here as a model disease) by using levitation of human plasma proteins. The presented proof-of-concept findings revealed that the optical images of magnetically levitated plasma proteins carry important information about the health spectrum of plasma donors. In addition, the liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis of the magnetically levitated plasma proteins demonstrated remarkable differences between the plasma of healthy individuals and patients with opioid use disorders. Overall, the presented method provides diagnostic value for disease detection using optical images of evolving magnetically levitated plasma proteins and/or proteomic information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina Olfatbakhsh
- School of EngineeringUniversity of British Columbia Kelowna V1V1V7 Canada
| | - Milad Ramezankhani
- School of EngineeringUniversity of British Columbia Kelowna V1V1V7 Canada
| | - Richard C. Crist
- Department of PsychiatryCenter for Neurobiology and BehaviorPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Wade H. Berrettini
- Department of PsychiatryCenter for Neurobiology and BehaviorPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Abbas S. Milani
- School of EngineeringUniversity of British Columbia Kelowna V1V1V7 Canada
| | - Sepideh Pakpour
- School of EngineeringUniversity of British Columbia Kelowna V1V1V7 Canada
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Precision Health ProgramMichigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
- Department of AnesthesiologyBrighham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
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Haines SR, McCann MJ, Grosvenor AJ, Thomas A, Noble A, Clerens S. ACE inhibitory peptides in standard and fermented deer velvet: an in silico and in vitro investigation. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:350. [PMID: 31806003 PMCID: PMC6896680 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of deer velvet antler (DVA) as a potent traditional medicine ingredient goes back for over 2000 years in Asia. Increasingly, though, DVA is being included as a high protein functional food ingredient in convenient, ready to consume products in Korea and China. As such, it is a potential source of endogenous bioactive peptides and of 'cryptides', i.e. bioactive peptides enzymatically released by endogenous proteases, by processing and/or by gastrointestinal digestion. Fermentation is an example of a processing step known to release bioactive peptides from food proteins. In this study, we aimed to identify in silico bioactive peptides and cryptides in DVA, before and after fermentation, and subsequently to validate the major predicted bioactivity by in vitro analysis. METHODS Peptides that were either free or located within proteins were identified in the DVA samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by database searching. Bioactive peptides and cryptides were identified in silico by sequence matching against a database of known bioactive peptides. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was measured by a colorimetric method. RESULTS Three free bioactive peptides (LVVYPW, LVVYPWTQ and VVYPWTQ) were solely found in fermented DVA, the latter two of which are known ACE inhibitors. However matches to multiple ACE inhibitor cryptides were obtained within protein and peptide sequences of both unfermented and fermented DVA. In vitro analysis showed that the ACE inhibitory activity of DVA was more pronounced in the fermented sample, but both unfermented and fermented DVA had similar activity following release of cryptides by simulated gastrointestinal digestion. CONCLUSIONS DVA contains multiple ACE inhibitory peptide sequences that may be released by fermentation or following oral consumption, and which may provide a health benefit through positive effects on the cardiovascular system. The study illustrates the power of in silico combined with in vitro methods for analysis of the effects of processing on bioactive peptides in complex functional ingredients like DVA.
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Ali A, Palakkott A, Ashraf A, Al Zamel I, Baby B, Vijayan R, Ayoub MA. Positive Modulation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Mediated Signaling by LVV-Hemorphin-7. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1258. [PMID: 31708782 PMCID: PMC6823245 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorphins are hemoglobin β-chain–derived peptides initially known for their analgesic effects via binding to the opioid receptors belonging to the family of G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), as well as their physiological action on blood pressure. However, their molecular mechanisms in the regulation of blood pressure are not fully understood. Studies have reported an antihypertensive action via the inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, a key enzyme in the renin–angiotensin system. In this study, we hypothesized that hemorphins may also target angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) as a key GPCR in the renin–angiotensin system. To investigate this, we examined the effects of LVV–hemorphin-7 on AT1R transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technology for the assessment of AT1R/Gαq coupling and β-arrestin 2 recruitment. Interestingly, while LVV–hemorphin-7 alone had no significant effect on BRET signals between AT1R and Gαq or β-arrestin 2, it nicely potentiated AngII-induced BRET signals and significantly increased AngII potency. The BRET data were also correlated with AT1R downstream signaling with LVV–hemorphin-7 potentiating the canonical AngII-mediated Gq-dependent inositol phosphate pathway as well as the activation of the extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERK1/2). Both AngII and LVV–hemorphin-7–mediated responses were fully abolished by AT1R antagonist demonstrating the targeting of the active conformation of AT1R. Our data report for the first time the targeting and the positive modulation of AT1R signaling by hemorphins, which may explain their role in the physiology and pathophysiology of both vascular and renal systems. This finding further consolidates the pharmacological targeting of GPCRs by hemorphins as previously shown for the opioid receptors in analgesia opening a new era for investigating the role of hemorphins in physiology and pathophysiology via the targeting of GPCR pharmacology and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanat Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulrasheed Palakkott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arshida Ashraf
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Isra Al Zamel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bincy Baby
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Molecular insights into the interaction of hemorphin and its targets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14747. [PMID: 31611567 PMCID: PMC6791854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorphins are atypical endogenous opioid peptides produced by the cleavage of hemoglobin beta chain. Several studies have reported the therapeutic potential of hemorphin in memory enhancement, blood regulation, and analgesia. However, the mode of interaction of hemorphin with its target remains largely elusive. The decapeptide LVV-hemorphin-7 is the most stable form of hemorphin. It binds with high affinity to mu-opioid receptors (MOR), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). In this study, computational methods were used extensively to elucidate the most likely binding pose of mammalian LVV-hemorphin-7 with the aforementioned proteins and to calculate the binding affinity. Additionally, alignment of mammalian hemorphin sequences showed that the hemorphin sequence of the camel harbors a variation - a Q > R substitution at position 8. This study also investigated the binding affinity and the interaction mechanism of camel LVV-hemorphin-7 with these proteins. To gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the molecular interactions between the selected targets and hemorphin peptides, 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations of the best-ranked poses were performed. Simulations highlighted major interactions between the peptides and key residues in the binding site of the proteins. Interestingly, camel hemorphin had a higher binding affinity and showed more interactions with all three proteins when compared to the canonical mammalian LVV-hemorphin-7. Thus, camel LVV-hemorphin-7 could be explored as a potent therapeutic agent for memory loss, hypertension, and analgesia.
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Kosmachevskaya OV, Topunov AF. Alternate and Additional Functions of Erythrocyte Hemoglobin. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 83:1575-1593. [PMID: 30878032 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918120155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The review discusses pleiotropic effects of erythrocytic hemoglobin (Hb) and their significance for human health. Hemoglobin is mostly known as an oxygen carrier, but its biochemical functions are not limited to this. The following aspects of Hb functioning are examined: (i) catalytic functions of the heme component (nitrite reductase, NO dioxygenase, monooxygenase, alkylhydroperoxidase) and of the apoprotein (esterase, lipoxygenase); (ii) participation in nitric oxide metabolism; (iii) formation of membrane-bound Hb and its role in the regulation of erythrocyte metabolism; (iv) physiological functions of Hb catabolic products (iron, CO, bilirubin, peptides). Special attention is given to Hb participation in signal transduction in erythrocytes. The relationships between various erythrocyte metabolic parameters, such as oxygen status, ATP formation, pH regulation, redox balance, and state of the cytoskeleton are discussed with regard to Hb. Hb polyfunctionality can be considered as a manifestation of the principle of biochemical economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kosmachevskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - A F Topunov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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Dowd S, Mustroph ML, Romanova EV, Southey BR, Pinardo H, Rhodes JS, Sweedler JV. Exploring Exercise- and Context-Induced Peptide Changes in Mice by Quantitative Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13817-13827. [PMID: 30411050 PMCID: PMC6210063 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that exercise may help facilitate abstinence from cocaine addiction, though the mechanisms are not well understood. In mice, wheel running accelerates the extinction of conditioned place preference (CPP) for cocaine, providing an animal model for evaluating potential neurological mechanisms. The objective of this study was to quantify dynamic changes in endogenous peptides in the amygdala and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in mice exposed to a context paired with the effects of cocaine, and in response to exercise. Male C57BL/6J mice conditioned to cocaine were housed with or without running wheels for 30 days. Following a CPP test and final exposure to either a cocaine- or saline-associated context, peptides were measured in brain tissue extracts using label-free matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MS) and stable isotopic labeling with liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization MS. CPP in mice was significantly reduced with running, which correlated to decreased myelin basic protein derivatives in the dentate gyrus extracts, possibly reflecting increased unmyelinated granule neuron density. Exposure to a cocaine-paired context increased hemoglobin-derived peptides in runners and decreased an actin-derived peptide in sedentary animals. These results allowed us to characterize a novel set of biomarkers that are responsive to exercise in the hippocampus and in a cocaine-paired context in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
E. Dowd
- Department
of Chemistry, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, and Department of
Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, 63-5, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Martina L. Mustroph
- Department
of Chemistry, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, and Department of
Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, 63-5, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Elena V. Romanova
- Department
of Chemistry, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, and Department of
Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, 63-5, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bruce R. Southey
- Department
of Chemistry, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, and Department of
Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, 63-5, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Heinrich Pinardo
- Department
of Chemistry, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, and Department of
Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, 63-5, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Justin S. Rhodes
- Department
of Chemistry, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, and Department of
Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, 63-5, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department
of Chemistry, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute, Department of Animal Sciences, and Department of
Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, 63-5, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Effect of Endoplasmic Reticular Stress on Free Hemoglobin Metabolism and Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071977. [PMID: 29986432 PMCID: PMC6073154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated soluble (s) CD163 and free hemoglobin (Hb) levels predict fatty liver progression; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying Hb metabolism and liver injury remain undefined. We investigated the effects of endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress on red blood cell (RBC) rheology and free Hb recycling pathways. ER stress was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by an intraperitoneal injection of tunicamycin (TM) (50, 100, and 200 μg/100 g body weight (BW)) or an intravenous injection of Hb (5 mg/100 g BW). A TM injection increased sCD163 levels, attenuated free Hb uptake, and maintained RBC aggregability. An Hb injection increased serum LVV-hemorphin-7 and total bilirubin levels, but this effect was suppressed by TM. A Western blot analysis showed that ER stress suppressed Hb degradation in the liver through downregulation of globin degradation proteins cathepsin D and glyoxalase-1, as well as heme degradation protein heme oxyganase-1 and keap-1 expression. An ER stress activator also increased the translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to nuclei. In conclusion, ER stress triggers ineffective Hb metabolism via altering globin and heme iron degradation pathways. Inability to recycle and metabolize free Hb may underlie the association between iron dysfunction and liver injury.
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Iavarone F, Desiderio C, Vitali A, Messana I, Martelli C, Castagnola M, Cabras T. Cryptides: latent peptides everywhere. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:246-263. [PMID: 29564928 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1447543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic surveys with top-down platforms are today revealing thousands of naturally occurring fragments of bigger proteins. Some of them have not functional meaning because they derive from pathways responsible for protein degradation, but many have specific functions, often completely different from that one of the parent proteins. These peptides encrypted in the protein sequence are nowadays called cryptides. They are frequent in the animal and plant kingdoms and represent a new interesting -omic field of investigation. To point out how much widespread is their presence, we describe here the most studied cryptides from very common sources such as serum albumin, immunoglobulins, hemoglobin, and from saliva and milk proteins. Given its vastness, it is unfeasible to cover the topic exhaustively, therefore only several selected examples of cryptides from other sources are thereafter reported. Demanding is the development of new -omic platforms for the functional screening of new cryptides, which could provide suggestion for peptides and peptido-mimetics with variegate fields of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Iavarone
- a Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica , Roma , Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- b Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR , Roma , Italy
| | - Alberto Vitali
- b Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR , Roma , Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- b Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR , Roma , Italy
| | - Claudia Martelli
- a Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica , Roma , Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- a Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica , Roma , Italy.,b Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR , Roma , Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- c Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente , Università di Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
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Protein and Peptides for Elderly Health. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 112:265-308. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Loh SY, Jahans-Price T, Greenwood MP, Greenwood M, Hoe SZ, Konopacka A, Campbell C, Murphy D, Hindmarch CCT. Unsupervised Network Analysis of the Plastic Supraoptic Nucleus Transcriptome Predicts Caprin2 Regulatory Interactions. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0243-17.2017. [PMID: 29279858 PMCID: PMC5738864 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0243-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a group of neurons in the hypothalamus responsible for the synthesis and secretion of the peptide hormones vasopressin and oxytocin. Following physiological cues, such as dehydration, salt-loading and lactation, the SON undergoes a function related plasticity that we have previously described in the rat at the transcriptome level. Using the unsupervised graphical lasso (Glasso) algorithm, we reconstructed a putative network from 500 plastic SON genes in which genes are the nodes and the edges are the inferred interactions. The most active nodal gene identified within the network was Caprin2. Caprin2 encodes an RNA-binding protein that we have previously shown to be vital for the functioning of osmoregulatory neuroendocrine neurons in the SON of the rat hypothalamus. To test the validity of the Glasso network, we either overexpressed or knocked down Caprin2 transcripts in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and showed that these manipulations had significant opposite effects on the levels of putative target mRNAs. These studies suggest that the predicative power of the Glasso algorithm within an in vivo system is accurate, and identifies biological targets that may be important to the functional plasticity of the SON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yi Loh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Jahans-Price
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Greenwood
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Mingkwan Greenwood
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - See-Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Agnieszka Konopacka
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Campbell
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, United Kingdom
| | - David Murphy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Charles C. T. Hindmarch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
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Connor DE, Chaitanya GV, Chittiboina P, McCarthy P, Scott LK, Schrott L, Minagar A, Nanda A, Alexander JS. Variations in the cerebrospinal fluid proteome following traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2017; 24:169-183. [PMID: 28549769 PMCID: PMC7303909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has shown great promise in identifying potential markers of injury in neurodegenerative diseases [1-13]. Here we compared CSF proteomes in healthy individuals, with patients diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in order to characterize molecular biomarkers which might identify these different clinical states and describe different molecular mechanisms active in each disease state. METHODS Patients presenting to the Neurosurgery service at the Louisiana State University Hospital-Shreveport with an admitting diagnosis of TBI or SAH were prospectively enrolled. Patients undergoing CSF sampling for diagnostic procedures were also enrolled as controls. CSF aliquots were subjected to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D GE) and spot percentage densities analyzed. Increased or decreased spot expression (compared to controls) was defined in terms of in spot percentages, with spots showing consistent expression change across TBI or SAH specimens being followed up by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Polypeptide masses generated were matched to known standards using a search of the NCBI and/or GenPept databases for protein matches. Eight hundred fifteen separately identifiable polypeptide migration spots were identified on 2D GE gels. MALDI-MS successfully identified 13 of 22 selected 2D GE spots as recognizable polypeptides. RESULTS Statistically significant changes were noted in the expression of fibrinogen, carbonic anhydrase-I (CA-I), peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx-2), both α and β chains of hemoglobin, serotransferrin (Tf) and N-terminal haptoglobin (Hp) in TBI and SAH specimens, as compared to controls. The greatest mean fold change among all specimens was seen in CA-I and Hp at 30.7 and -25.7, respectively. TBI specimens trended toward greater mean increases in CA-I and Prx-2 and greater mean decreases in Hp and Tf. CONCLUSIONS Consistent CSF elevation of CA-I and Prx-2 with concurrent depletion of Hp and Tf may represent a useful combination of biomarkers for the prediction of severity and prognosis following brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Connor
- Baptist Health Neurosurgery Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, United States.
| | - Ganta V Chaitanya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Prashant Chittiboina
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Paul McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, Sect. of Nephrology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - L Keith Scott
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States.
| | - Lisa Schrott
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States.
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States.
| | - Anil Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States.
| | - J Steven Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States.
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Stefanucci A, Mollica A, Macedonio G, Zengin G, Ahmed AA, Novellino E. Exogenous opioid peptides derived from food proteins and their possible uses as dietary supplements: A critical review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1225220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgia Macedonio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdelkareem A. Ahmed
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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β-Thalassemia Trait Association With Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: Literature Review and Case Report. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2016; 57:315-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hosomi R, Otsuka R, Arai H, Kanda S, Nishiyama T, Yoshida M, Fukunaga K. Porcine hemoglobin promotes lipid excretion to feces more strongly than globin protein in rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:107-112. [PMID: 30263494 PMCID: PMC6049412 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to clarify whether the lipid-lowering effect of hemoglobin is due to globin protein or heme, this study investigated the effects of dietary porcine hemoglobin (PH) and porcine globin (PG) on lipids contents of serum, liver, and feces in rats. Five-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 3 dietary groups of 7 rats each, with one group receiving a control diet and the other groups receiving diets containing 1.25% (w/w) PH or 1.18% (w/w) PG for 4 weeks. The PH diet decreased triacylglycerol content in serum and cholesterol in serum and liver, whereas the PG diet reduced triacylglycerol content in serum and cholesterol in liver. Fecal lipid excretion in the PH group was significantly higher than in the PG group. Therefore, PH affected lipid excretion to feces due to globin protein as well as heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hosomi
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, 564-8680 Japan
| | - Ren Otsuka
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, 564-8680 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Arai
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507 Japan
| | - Seiji Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 573-1010 Japan
| | - Toshimasa Nishiyama
- Department of Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 573-1010 Japan
| | - Munehiro Yoshida
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, 564-8680 Japan
| | - Kenji Fukunaga
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, 564-8680 Japan
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Bah CSF, Carne A, McConnell MA, Mros S, Bekhit AEDA. Production of bioactive peptide hydrolysates from deer, sheep, pig and cattle red blood cell fractions using plant and fungal protease preparations. Food Chem 2016; 202:458-66. [PMID: 26920319 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protease preparations from plant (papain and bromelain) and fungal (FP400 and FPII) sources were used to hydrolyze the red blood cell fractions (RBCFs) separated from deer, sheep, pig, and cattle abattoir-sourced blood. After 1, 2, 4 and 24h of hydrolysis, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the peptide hydrolysates obtained were investigated. The increase in trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptides over the hydrolysis period was examined using the o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) assay and the hydrolysis profiles were illustrated using SDS-PAGE. Papain generated RBCF hydrolysates exhibited higher ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) compared to those generated with bromelain, FP400 and FPII. At certain concentrations, 24h hydrolysates of RBCF using FP400 and FPII were able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results indicated that the use of proteases from plant or fungal sources can produce animal blood hydrolysates with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara S F Bah
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michelle A McConnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sonya Mros
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abstract
For over 100 years it was believed that dietary protein must be completely hydrolysed before its constituent amino acids could be absorbed via specific amino acid transport systems. It is now known that the uptake of di- and tripeptides into the enterocyte is considerable, being transported across the intestinal endothelium by the PepT1 H+/peptide co-transporter. There is also evidence that some di- and tripeptides may survive cytosolic hydrolysis and be transported intact across the basolateral membrane. However, other than antigen sampling, the transport of larger intact macromolecules across the intestinal endothelium of the healthy adult human remains a controversial issue as there is little unequivocal in vivo evidence to support this postulation. The aim of the present review was to critically evaluate the scientific evidence that peptides/proteins are absorbed by healthy intestinal epithelia and pass intact into the hepatic portal system. The question of the absorption of oliogopeptides is paramount to the emerging science of food-derived bioactive peptides, their mode of action and physiological effects. Overall, we conclude that there is little unequivocal evidence that dietary bioactive peptides, other than di- and tripeptides, can cross the gut wall intact and enter the hepatic portal system in physiologically relevant concentrations.
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Yang J, Li J, Hu Y, Li L, Long L, Wang F, Zhang S. Characterization of a thermophilic hemoglobin-degrading protease from Streptomyces rutgersensis SCSIO 11720 and its application in antibacterial peptides production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bhat ZF, Kumar S, Bhat HF. Bioactive peptides of animal origin: a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:5377-92. [PMID: 26344955 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are specific protein fragments which, above and beyond their nutritional capabilities, have a positive impact on the body's function or condition which may ultimately influence health. Although, inactive within the sequence of the parent proteins, these peptides can be released during proteolysis or fermentation and play an important role in human health by affecting the digestive, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems. Several peptides that are released in vitro or in vivo from animal proteins have been attributed to different health effects, including antimicrobial properties, blood pressure-lowering (ACE inhibitory) effects, cholesterol-lowering ability, antithrombotic and antioxidant activities, opioid activities, enhancement of mineral absorption and/or bioavailability, cytomodulatory and immunomodulatory effects, antiobesity, and anti-genotoxic activity. Several functional foods based on the bioactivities of these peptides with scientifically evidenced health claims are already on the market or under development by food companies. Consumer's increasing interest in these products has given an impetus to the food industry and scientific sector who are continuously exploring the possibilities for the development of new functional products based on these peptides. In this review, we describe above stated properties of bioactive peptides of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Bhat
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181102 India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181102 India
| | - Hina Fayaz Bhat
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Alusteing, Shuhama, Jammu and Kashmir India
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Bocheńska O, Rąpała-Kozik M, Wolak N, Braś G, Kozik A, Dubin A, Aoki W, Ueda M, Mak P. Secreted aspartic peptidases of Candida albicans liberate bactericidal hemocidins from human hemoglobin. Peptides 2013; 48:49-58. [PMID: 23927842 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Secreted aspartic peptidases (Saps) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors of Candida albicans. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. Our previous studies showed that the human menstrual discharge is exceptionally rich in bactericidal hemoglobin (Hb) fragments - hemocidins. However, to date, the genesis of such peptides is unclear. The presented study demonstrates that the action of C. albicans isozymes Sap1-Sap6, Sap8 and Sap9, but not Sap7 and Sap10, toward human hemoglobin leads to limited proteolysis of this protein and generates a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins. We have identified these peptides and checked their activity against selected microorganisms representative for human vagina. We have also demonstrated that the process of Hb hydrolysis is most effective at pH 4.0, characteristic for vagina, and the liberated peptides showed pronounced killing activity toward Lactobacillus acidophilus, and to a lower degree, Escherichia coli. However, only a very weak activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and C. albicans was noticed. These findings provide interesting new insights into pathophysiology of human vaginal candidiasis and suggest that C. albicans may be able to compete with the other microorganisms of the same physiological niche using the microbicidal peptides generated from the host protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Bocheńska
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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42
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Ribeiro NM, Toniolo EF, Castro LM, Russo LC, Rioli V, Ferro ES, Dale CS. AGH is a new hemoglobin alpha-chain fragment with antinociceptive activity. Peptides 2013; 48:10-20. [PMID: 23911313 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Limited proteolysis of certain proteins leads to the release of endogenous bioactive peptides. Hemoglobin-derived peptides such as hemorphins and hemopressins are examples of intracellular protein-derived peptides that have antinociceptive effects by modulating G-protein coupled receptors activities. In the present study, a previously characterized substrate capture assay that uses a catalytically inactive form of the thimet oligopeptidase was combined with isotopic labeling and mass spectrometry in order to identify new bioactive peptides. Indeed, we have identified the peptide AGHLDDLPGALSAL (AGH), a fragment of the hemoglobin alpha-chain, which specifically bind to the inactive thimet oligopeptidase in the substrate capture assay. Previous peptidomics studies have identified the AGH as well as many other natural peptides derived from hemoglobin alpha-chain containing this sequence, further suggesting that AGH is a natural endogenous peptide. Pharmacological assays suggest that AGH inhibits peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesic responses through indirect activation of mu opioid receptors, without having a central nervous system activity. Therefore, we have successfully used the substrate capture assay to identify a new endogenous bioactive peptide derived from hemoglobin alpha-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, S435, São Paulo, SP 05508-00, Brazil.
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Oliveira CJ, Anatriello E, de Miranda-Santos IK, Francischetti IM, Sá-Nunes A, Ferreira BR, Ribeiro JMC. Proteome of Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick saliva induced by the secretagogues pilocarpine and dopamine. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2013; 4:469-77. [PMID: 24029695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
One dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to separate proteins from the saliva of Rhipicephalus sanguineus female ticks fed on rabbits. Gel slices were subjected to tryptic digestion and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC followed by MS/MS analysis. The data were compared to a database of salivary proteins of the same tick and to the predicted proteins of the host. Saliva was obtained by either pilocarpine or dopamine stimulation of partially fed ticks. Electrophoretic separations of both yielded products that were identified by mass spectrometry, although the pilocarpine-derived sample was of much better quality. The majority of identified proteins were of rabbit origin, indicating the recycling of the host proteins in the tick saliva, including hemoglobin, albumin, haptoglobin, transferring, and a plasma serpin. The few proteins found that were previously associated with parasitism and blood feeding include 2 glycine-rich, cement-like proteins, 2 lipocalins, and a thyropin protease inhibitor. Among other of the 19 tick proteins identified, albeit with undefined roles, were SPARC and cyclophilin A. This catalog provides a resource that can be mined for secreted molecules that play a role in tick-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Oliveira
- Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zheng Song
- Erythrocrine Project of Translational Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, , Jinan, China
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45
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Abstract
In addition to supplying essential nutrients, some food proteins can confer additional health benefits beyond nutrition. The presence of bioactive proteins and peptides in different foods is a factor not currently taken into consideration when assessing the dietary quality of food proteins. The range of described physiological benefits attributed to bioactive proteins and peptides is diverse. Multiple factors can potentially impact on the ability of a bioactive peptide or protein to elicit an effect. Although some food proteins act directly in their intact form to elicit their effects, generally it is peptides derived from digestion, hydrolysis or fermentation that are of most interest. The levels of bioactive peptides generated must be sufficient to elicit a response, but should not be so high as to be unsafe, thus causing negative effects. In addition, some peptides cause systemic effects and therefore must be absorbed, again in sufficient amounts to elicit their action. Many studies to date have been carried out in vitro; therefore it is important that further trials are conducted in vivo to assess efficacy, dose response and safety of the peptides, particularly if health related claims are to be made. Therefore, methods must be developed and standardised that enable the measurement of health benefits and also the level of bioactive peptides which are absorbed into the bloodstream. Once standardised, such methods may provide a new perspective and an additional mechanism for analysing protein quality which is currently not encompassed by the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS).
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Song CZ, Wang QW, Song CC. Erythrocyte-based analgesic peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 180:58-61. [PMID: 23220007 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human erythrocyte discards the major organelles in a bid to maximize cellular hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, approximately 98% of the intraerythrocytic protein, serves as the principle transport medium of gaseous conveyance. The accumulated data speaks in favor of erythrocyte not merely engaging in gas exchange, but building molecular signaling as a side job during its 4-month sojourn in blood circulation. The production mechanism of erythrocyte-based bioactive peptides is not clear. Recent studies indicate that proteasome and its subunits persist in mature erythrocyte. The intraerythrocytic proteasome is involved in the formation of hemoglobin-derived analgesic peptides and enables erythrocyte to exert the erythrocrine function. Erythrocrine describes erythrocyte for generation and excretion of signaling molecules and has the potential of shedding light on our understanding of novel actions of erythrocyte. Different types of erythrocrine analgesic peptides are originated from the intraerythrocytic degradation of hemoglobin and manifest the systemic influence in physiology and pathophysiology along its travel through the body via the bloodstream. Translational research from bench to bedside will expand our knowledge of erythrocrine concept and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for clinical pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zheng Song
- Erythrocrine Project of Translational Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Nyberg F, Hallberg M. Interactions between opioids and anabolic androgenic steroids: implications for the development of addictive behavior. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2012; 102:189-206. [PMID: 22748831 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386986-9.00008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, research on doping agents, such as anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), has revealed that these compounds are often used in combination with other drugs of abuse. It seems that misuse of AAS probably involves more than a desire to enhance appearance or sports performance and studies have revealed that steroids are commonly connected with alcohol, opioids, tobacco, and psychotropic drugs. We have observed that AAS may interact with the endogenous opioids, excitatory amino acids, and dopaminergic pathways involved in the brain reward system. Furthermore, our studies provide evidence that AAS may induce an imbalance in these signal systems leading to an increased sensitivity toward opioid narcotics and central stimulants. In fact, studies performed in various clinics have shown that individuals taking AAS are likely to get addicted to opioids like heroin. This chapter reviews current knowledge on interactions between AAS and endogenous as well as exogenous opioids based not only on research in our laboratory but also on research carried out by several other clinical and preclinical investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Nyberg
- Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, Uppsala, Sweden
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Belmonte R, Cruz CE, Pires JR, Daffre S. Purification and characterization of Hb 98-114: a novel hemoglobin-derived antimicrobial peptide from the midgut of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Peptides 2012; 37:120-7. [PMID: 22749988 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of hemoglobin fragments (hemocidins) has been reported in a variety of models. The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a blood sucking arthropod from where the first in vivo-generated hemocidin was characterized (Hb 33-61). In the present work we identified a novel antimicrobial peptide from the midgut of fully engorged R. (B.) microplus females, which comprises the amino acids 98-114 of the alpha subunit of bovine hemoglobin, and was designated Hb 98-114. This peptide was active against several yeast and filamentous fungi, although no activity was detected against bacteria up to 50μM of the synthetic peptide. Hb 98-114 was capable of permeabilizing Candida albicans cell membrane and had a fungicidal effect against this yeast. Circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments showed that Hb 98-114 has a random conformation in aqueous solution but switches to an alpha-helical conformation in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). This alpha helix adopts an amphipathic structure which may be the mechanism of cell membrane permeabilization. Importantly, Hb 98-114 may play an important role in defending the tick midgut against fungal pathogens and is the first hemocidin with specific antifungal activity to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Belmonte
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brasil
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Zeccola M, Longhi R, Rossetti DV, D'Angelo L, Tamburrini G, Di Rocco C, Giardina B, Castagnola M, Desiderio C. Development and validation of a capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry analytical method for the determination of Leu-Val-Val- and Val-Val-hemorphin-7 peptides in cerebrospinal fluid. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:170-7. [PMID: 22841664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A CE-tandem MS method was optimised and validated for selective and specific determination of LVV- and VV-hemorphin-7 peptides in cerebrospinal fluid. These two small peptides originate from haemoglobin beta chains. They possess relevant biological activity and recently a potential biomarker role in posterior cranial fossa paediatric brain tumour disease was evidenced. The separation was optimised using formic acid as background electrolyte and a water/methanol mixture, containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid, as sheath liquid. The two peptides, differing in only one amino acid of the sequence at the N-terminal side were baseline separated in less than 15 min. The method allowed a very reduced and rapid sample pretreatment and was successfully applied to hemorphins determination in patient samples without matrix interferences. The method successfully passed bioanalytical validation showing linearity, accuracy and precision data on cerebrospinal fluid matrix within the acceptable values. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid of patients affected by different posterior cranial fossa tumour forms confirmed our previous findings showing the absence of hemorphins in the pre-surgical cerebrospinal fluid and their presence in the post-ones and controls. The present method saves costs and time due to capillary electrophoresis miniaturisation and to the absence of chromatographic column and gradient elution and allows numerous injections per sample starting from few microlitres of cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Zeccola
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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50
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Desiderio C, D'Angelo L, Rossetti DV, Iavarone F, Giardina B, Castagnola M, Massimi L, Tamburrini G, Di Rocco C. Cerebrospinal fluid top-down proteomics evidenced the potential biomarker role of LVV- and VV-hemorphin-7 in posterior cranial fossa pediatric brain tumors. Proteomics 2012; 12:2158-66. [PMID: 22623401 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Posterior cranial fossa is the most frequent location of pediatric brain tumors. Its diagnosis is currently performed by postsurgery histopathology and the identification of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could provide a less invasive tool. Patient CSF was collected during surgery before the tumor removal (PRE-CSF) and 6 days after the resection (POST-CSF) and analyzed by top down LC-MS proteomics for comparison. The PRE-CSFs generally exhibited a less complex LC-MS profile than the relative POST-CSFs suggesting a suppressive role of the tumor toward proteins and peptides production or release. Particularly, a panel of peptides, identified as alpha- and beta-hemoglobin chains fragments, were generally absent in the PRE-CSF and present in the POST ones independently from contaminant blood hemoglobin. Among them, the LVV- and VV-hemorphin-7 showed the most repeatable trend and with a few remarkable exceptions: their unusual absence in POST surgery CSF was in fact interestingly correlated to the presence of tumor in the patient despite surgery due to metastases or to subtotal resection. These results ascribed a relevant biological role to LVV- and VV-h7 peptides in the disease and a strong potential as biomarkers. Their analysis in POST surgery CSF could be used to predict patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
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