1
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Fu Y, Li J, Zhao W. Two new limonoid glycosides from the seeds of Citrus Limon and their PDE4D inhibitory activities. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38913076 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2370042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Two new limonoid glycosides, named limonosides A (1) and B (2), along with four known limonoids (3-6) were obtained from the seeds of Citrus limon. Their structures were deduced based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. Limonoside A (1) and nomilin (4) were found to possess moderate phosphodiesterase type 4D (PDE4D) inhibitory effect with values of 89.8 ± 2.4% and 98.9 ± 3.0% at 10 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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2
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Pazol J, Weiss TM, Martínez CD, Quesada O, Nicolau E. The influence of calcium ions (Ca 2+) on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide aggregates to liberate free fatty acids (FFA) in aqueous solution. JCIS OPEN 2022; 7:100058. [PMID: 37593195 PMCID: PMC10433262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jciso.2022.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The chemical environment in aqueous solutions greatly influences the ability of amphiphilic molecules such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to aggregate into different structural phases in aqueous solutions. Understanding the substrate's morphology and conditions of aqueous solution that favor both enzymatic activity and the disruption of LPS aggregates are crucial in developing agents that can counteract the new trend of multidrug resistance by gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we developed two LPS morphologies using LPS from Escherichia coli as a model to study the in vitro hydrolytic response when using a lipase treatment. The hydrolysis was performed using lipase b from Candida antarctica to understand the catalytic effect in removing fatty acids from its lipid A moiety on different LPS aggregates. Physical and chemical characterizations of the products included dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography. Our results suggest a trend of prominent hydrolytic response (72% enhancement) upon the addition of calcium ions to induce LPS aggregates into bilayer formations. Moreover, our results revealed the detection of myristic acid (C14:0) as the product of the hydrolysis when using RaLPS in its aggregate forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Pazol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR, USA, 00925-2537
- Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, PR, USA, 00931-3346
| | - Thomas M. Weiss
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA, 94025
| | - Cristian D. Martínez
- Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, PR, USA, 00931-3346
| | - Orestes Quesada
- Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, PR, USA, 00931-3346
- Departments of Physical Sciences and Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR, USA, 00925-2537
| | - Eduardo Nicolau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, PR, USA, 00925-2537
- Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, PR, USA, 00931-3346
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3
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Hollenbach R, Delavault A, Gebhardt L, Soergel H, Muhle-Goll C, Ochsenreither K, Syldatk C. Lipase-Mediated Mechanoenzymatic Synthesis of Sugar Esters in Dissolved Unconventional and Neat Reaction Systems. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:10192-10202. [PMID: 35966390 PMCID: PMC9364441 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical and biocatalytic approaches in modern research are two major assets to develop greener processes. In the present study, these modular tools of sustainability are pointed toward the production of versatile and daily employed compounds such as surfactants. Toward this aim, glycolipids, a class of nonionic surfactants composed of ubiquitous and primary metabolites such as sugar and fatty acid moieties, represent a promising alternative to petroleum-derived surface-active agents. Therefore, the combination of biocatalysis with mechanochemistry aiming at glycolipid synthesis seemed a logical step that was taken in this study for the first time. The monoacylated model compound glucose-6-O-decanoate was synthesized with the help of a bead mill apparatus using two different unconventional dissolved reaction systems, namely, menthol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents and 2-methyl-2-butanol, thus reaching up to 12% yield in the latter based on the conversion of vinyl decanoate, after only 90 min of reaction. In addition, a neat reaction system using an excess of vinylated fatty ester as an adjuvant allowed a 27 mM/h space-time yield. The overall significant increase in productivities, up to 6 times, compared to standard heating and shaking methods, shows the tremendous potential of mechanoenzymatic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hollenbach
- Technical
Biology, Institute for Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - André Delavault
- Technical
Biology, Institute for Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Laura Gebhardt
- Technical
Biology, Institute for Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Hannah Soergel
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 4 and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Claudia Muhle-Goll
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 4 and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Technical
Biology, Institute for Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Technical
Biology, Institute for Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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4
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Hollenbach R, Ochsenreither K, Syldatk C. Parameters Influencing Lipase-Catalyzed Glycolipid Synthesis by (Trans-)Esterification Reaction. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 181:53-72. [PMID: 34518911 DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids are biodegradable, non-toxic surfactants with a wide range of applications. Enzymatic esterification or transesterification facilitated in reaction media of low water activity is a reaction strategy for the production of tailor-made glycolipids as a high structural diversity can be achieved. Organic solvents, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents have been applied as reaction media. However, several challenges need to be addressed for efficient (trans-)esterification reactions, especially for the lipophilization of polar substrates. Therefore, crucial parameters in (trans-)esterification reactions in conventional and non-conventional media are discussed and compared in this review with a special focus on glycolipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hollenbach
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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5
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Kalera K, Stothard AI, Woodruff PJ, Swarts BM. The role of chemoenzymatic synthesis in advancing trehalose analogues as tools for combatting bacterial pathogens. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11528-11547. [PMID: 32914793 PMCID: PMC7919099 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04955g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to virulence in major bacterial pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Clostridioides difficile, and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Accordingly, bacterial trehalose metabolic pathways that are not present in humans have gained traction as targets for antibiotic and diagnostic development. Toward this goal, trehalose can be modified through a combination of rational design and synthesis to produce functionalized trehalose analogues, which can be deployed to probe or inhibit bacterial trehalose metabolism. However, the unique α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond and C2 symmetry of trehalose make analogue synthesis via traditional chemical methods very challenging. We and others have turned to the creation of chemoenzymatic synthesis methods, which in principle allow the use of nature's trehalose-synthesizing enzymes to stereo- and regioselectively couple simple, unprotected substrates to efficiently and conveniently generate trehalose analogues. Here, we provide a contextual account of our team's development of a trehalose analogue synthesis method that employs a highly substrate-tolerant, thermostable trehalose synthase enzyme, TreT from Thermoproteus tenax. Then, in three vignettes, we highlight how chemoenzymatic synthesis has accelerated the development of trehalose-based imaging probes and inhibitors that target trehalose-utilizing bacterial pathogens. We describe the role of TreT catalysis and related methods in the development of (i) tools for in vitro and in vivo imaging of mycobacteria, (ii) anti-biofilm compounds that sensitize drug-tolerant mycobacteria to clinical anti-tubercular compounds, and (iii) degradation-resistant trehalose analogues that block trehalose metabolism in C. difficile and potentially other trehalose-utilizing bacteria. We conclude by recapping progress and discussing priorities for future research in this area, including improving the scope and scale of chemoenzymatic synthesis methods to support translational research and expanding the functionality and applicability of trehalose analogues to study and target diverse bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Kalera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
| | - Alicyn I Stothard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
| | - Peter J Woodruff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Benjamin M Swarts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
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6
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Mathematical modeling of enzymatic syntheses of biosurfactants catalyzed by immobilized lipases. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01812-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Ogawa S, Endo A, Kitahara N, Yamagishi T, Aoyagi S, Hara S. Factors determining the reaction temperature of the solvent-free enzymatic synthesis of trehalose esters. Carbohydr Res 2019; 482:107739. [PMID: 31288124 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Solvent-free synthesis encourages the design of processes and products that reduce the use and generation of hazardous chemicals. Given the importance of developing greener methodologies, we sought to determine the factors influencing the reaction temperature required for solvent-free, enzymatic synthesis of sugar esters such as trehalose (TRE) esters, using Novozyme 435 as the enzyme catalyst. The use of lauric acid (La) and ethyl laurate (LaEt) as acyl donors did not affect the activation temperature for the generation of trehalose diesters (TDEs), despite the differences in corresponding by-products (water and ethanol). However, when glucose (GLU) and La were employed as reaction substrates as a comparison, glucose monoester (GME) generation readily occurred at much lower temperatures than with the TRE esters, even without a water collection device. Moreover, when the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sugar substrates increased, a higher reaction temperature was required. These results suggest that while the activation temperature of the reaction did not correlate with the boiling point of the by-product, it did correlate with the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the trehalose substrates. Thus, our work demonstrates the importance of the physical state of amorphous matrices in determining the optimal reaction temperature of a solvent-free sugar synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigesaburo Ogawa
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan.
| | - Ayano Endo
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Naoki Kitahara
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamagishi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Satoka Aoyagi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Setsuko Hara
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji Kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
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8
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Cha HJ, Park JB, Park S. Esterification of Secondary Alcohols and Multi-hydroxyl Compounds by Candida antarctica Lipase B and Subtilisin. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Ortiz C, Ferreira ML, Barbosa O, dos Santos JCS, Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Briand LE, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Novozym 435: the “perfect” lipase immobilized biocatalyst? Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00415g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Novozym 435 (N435) is a commercially available immobilized lipase produced by Novozymes with its advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ortiz
- Escuela de Microbiología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga
- Colombia
| | - María Luján Ferreira
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química – PLAPIQUI
- CONICET
- Universidad Nacional del Sur
- 8000 Bahía Blanca
- Argentina
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad del Tolima
- Ibagué
- Colombia
| | - José C. S. dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira
- Redenção
- Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Laura E. Briand
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas-Dr. Jorge J. Ronco
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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10
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Ma YR, Banwell MG, Yan R, Lan P. Comparative Study of the Emulsifying Properties of a Homologous Series of Long-Chain 6'- O-Acylmaltose Esters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8832-8840. [PMID: 30052434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Emulsifiers derived from renewable resources such as sucrose and fatty acids are high volume commodity chemicals and currently produced by traditional chemical synthesis techniques that lack the capacity to form the most desirable monoesters (of sucrose) in a selective and efficient fashion. The development of new emulsifiers (surfactants) from alternate, structurally simpler but nevertheless abundant disaccharides such as maltose represents a possible solution to this problem. Herein, we report the facile enzymatic preparation of a homologous series of 6'- O-acylmaltose esters and an in-depth evaluation of them revealing that their surfactant properties and thermal stabilities are largely determined by the length of the fatty acid chain. In the first such comparison, we show that the foaming and emulsifying effects of certain of these maltose monoesters are superior to those of their sucrose-derived and commercially exploited counterparts. As such, maltose esters have considerable potential as emulsifiers for use in, for example, the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Ma
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Zhuhai , 519070 , China
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Rian Yan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Zhuhai , 519070 , China
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11
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Regioselective Synthesis of Lactulose Esters by Candida antarctica and Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipases. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7090263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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12
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Hibert G, Grau E, Pintori D, Lecommandoux S, Cramail H. ADMET polymerization of α,ω-unsaturated glycolipids: synthesis and physico-chemical properties of the resulting polymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00788d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose diesters exhibiting α,ω-unsaturation are glycolipids which can be easily polymerized by ADMET (acyclic diene metathesis) polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hibert
- University of Bordeaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- F-33607 Pessac Cedex
- France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
| | - E. Grau
- University of Bordeaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- F-33607 Pessac Cedex
- France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
| | | | - S. Lecommandoux
- University of Bordeaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- F-33607 Pessac Cedex
- France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
| | - H. Cramail
- University of Bordeaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- F-33607 Pessac Cedex
- France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
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13
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Synthesis and emulsifying properties of carbohydrate fatty acid esters produced from Agave tequilana fructans by enzymatic acylation. Food Chem 2016; 204:437-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Sheldon RA. Biocatalysis and Biomass Conversion in Alternative Reaction Media. Chemistry 2016; 22:12984-99. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute; School of Chemistry; University of the Witwatersrand; 2050; Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft Netherlands
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15
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Neta NS, Teixeira JA, Rodrigues LR. Sugar ester surfactants: enzymatic synthesis and applications in food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:595-610. [PMID: 24915370 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.667461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sugar esters are non-ionic surfactants that can be synthesized in a single enzymatic reaction step using lipases. The stability and efficiency of lipases under unusual conditions and using non-conventional media can be significantly improved through immobilization and protein engineering. Also, the development of de novo enzymes has seen a significant increase lately under the scope of the new field of synthetic biology. Depending on the esterification degree and the nature of fatty acid and/or sugar, a range of sugar esters can be synthesized. Due to their surface activity and emulsifying capacity, sugar esters are promising for applications in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair S Neta
- a Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
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16
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17
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Hsieh SW, Lee MR, Tsai CW, Lai LY, Yeh T, Hsieh CW, Yang TJ, Chang SW. Enzymatic synthesis, purification and identification of bioactive trehalose ester derivatives for health applications. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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CAL-B-Catalyzed Enantioselective Deacetylation of Some Benzylic Acetate Derivatives Via Alcoholysis in Non-aqueous Media. Catal Letters 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Zhang X, Song F, Taxipalati M, Wei W, Feng F. Comparative study of surface-active properties and antimicrobial activities of disaccharide monoesters. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114845. [PMID: 25531369 PMCID: PMC4273987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of sugar or fatty acid in sugar ester compounds on the surface-active properties and antimicrobial activities of these compounds. Disaccharides of medium-chain fatty acid monoesters were synthesized through transesterifications by immobilized lipase (Lipozyme TLIM) to yield nine monoesters for subsequent study. Their antimicrobial activities were investigated using three pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Candida albicans. Their surface-active properties including air–water surface tension, critical micelle concentration, and foaming and emulsion power and stability were also studied. The results showed that all of the tested monoesters were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacterium) than against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (Gram-negative bacterium). The results demonstrated that the carbon chain length was the most important factor influencing the surface properties, whereas degree of esterification and hydrophilic groups showed little effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Yunnan Collage of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Song
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Beijing Institute of Nutrition, Synutra International Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Maierhaba Taxipalati
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Ye R, Hayes DG, Burton R. Effects of Particle Size of Sucrose Suspensions and Pre-incubation of Enzymes on Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sucrose Oleic Acid Esters. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Ayres BT, Valença GP, Franco TT, Adlercreutz P. Two-step process for preparation of oligosaccharide propionates and acrylates using lipase and Cyclodextrin Glycosyl Transferase (CGTase). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/2043-7129-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Oligosaccharide esters are attractive candidates for applications as surfactants, hydrogels and other materials, but direct enzymatic acylation is difficult with carbohydrates longer than disaccharides.
Results
A combination of one lipase-catalyzed step and one transglycosylation step catalyzed by a cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase (CGTase) was used to synthesize oligosaccharide esters. The conversion of glucose and maltose with vinyl propionate catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) in dioxane proceeded to full conversion to mixtures of mono and diesters. When ethyl acrylate was used as acyl donor, mono and diesters were formed, but full conversion was not reached. The CGTase catalyzed reactions between the glucose and maltose esters and α-cyclodextrin were carried out in water. In the initial phase, addition of the glucose residues of the cyclodextrin to the ester substrate occurred (coupling reaction), followed by disproportionation reactions yielding a range of oligosaccharide esters with varying chain length. The monoesters were efficient acceptors in the CGTase-catalyzed reactions, while the diesters were not converted to a significant extent. As a consequence, the glucose propionate which contained large amounts of diesters was converted to 40% conversion while the maltose propionate which contained mainly monoesters was converted to 86% conversion.
Conclusions
A two-step enzymatic process for preparation of oligosaccharide esters has been developed. Oligosaccharide propionates were produced in high yield with a total reaction time of 5 h. The double bond of the acrylate moiety reduced the reaction rate of the lipase catalyzed transesterification, but in both cases, the CGTase efficiently converted the monoesters to oligosaccharide esters.
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van Kempen SEHJ, Schols HA, van der Linden E, Sagis LMC. Molecular assembly, interfacial rheology and foaming properties of oligofructose fatty acid esters. Food Funct 2014; 5:111-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60324e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Hsieh HW, Schombs MW, Witschi MA, Gervay-Hague J. Regioselective silyl/acetate exchange of disaccharides yields advanced glycosyl donor and acceptor precursors. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9677-88. [PMID: 23980653 DOI: 10.1021/jo4013805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are composed of carbohydrate building blocks linked together in a multitude of ways giving rise to diverse biological functions. Carbohydrates are especially difficult to synthetically manipulate because of the similar reactivity of their numerous and largely equivalent hydroxyl groups. Hence, methodologies for both the efficient protection and selective modification of carbohydrate alcohols are considered important synthetic tools in organic chemistry. When per-O-TMS protected mono- or disaccharides in a mixture of pyridine and acetic anhydride are treated with acetic acid, regioselective exchange of silicon for acetate protecting groups occurs. Acid concentration, thermal conditions, and microwave assistance mediate the silyl/acetate exchange reaction. Regiocontrol is achieved by limiting the equivalents of acetic acid, and microwave irradiation hastens the process. We coined the term Regioselective Silyl Exchange Technology (ReSET) to describe this process, which essentially sets the protecting groups anew. To demonstrate the scope of the reaction, the conditions were applied to lactose, melibiose, cellobiose, and trehalose. ReSET provided rapid access to a wide range of orthogonally protected disaccharides that would otherwise require multiple synthetic steps to acquire. The resulting bifunctional molecules are poised to serve as modular building blocks for more complex glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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24
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Stepan A, Anasontzis G, Matama T, Cavaco-Paulo A, Olsson L, Gatenholm P. Lipases efficiently stearate and cutinases acetylate the surface of arabinoxylan films. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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van Kempen SE, Boeriu CG, Schols HA, de Waard P, van der Linden E, Sagis LM. Novel surface-active oligofructose fatty acid mono-esters by enzymatic esterification. Food Chem 2013; 138:1884-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Enzymatic synthesis of 6- and 6′-O-linoleyl-α-d-maltose: From solvent-free to binary ionic liquid reaction media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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de Oliveira HF, Felisberti MI. Amphiphilic copolymers of sucrose methacrylate and acrylic monomers: Bio-based materials from renewable resource. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:317-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Cushing KA, Peretti SW. Enzymatic processing of renewable glycerol into value-added glycerol carbonate. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43811b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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Wang X, Miao S, Wang P, Zhang S. Highly efficient synthesis of sucrose monolaurate by alkaline protease Protex 6L. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 109:7-12. [PMID: 22305537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis, Protex 6L, was used for synthesis of sucrose monolaurate from sucrose and vinyl laurate in a tert-amyl alcohol/DMSO/water solvent mixture. Introducing sucrose as powder after mixing vinyl laurate with solvent mixture resulted in a higher reaction rate than when sucrose was added as a solution in DMSO. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the major reaction variables, water content, temperature and pH of the lyophilized enzyme. The optimal conditions derived from RSM (3.4% water content, 43 °C and pH of 10.1) provided a high initial reaction rate of 8.66 ± 0.3 mg/ml/h which agreed with the predicted value of 8.70 mg/ml/h. With 1.5 mg-enzyme/ml, 98.0% of the added sucrose was region-selectively converted to 1'-O-lauroylsucrose after 9h. Under the optimized conditions, Protex 6L exhibited a higher productivity for sucrose ester synthesis than Novozym 435 and three other commonly used enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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30
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Khan AA, Stocker BL, Timmer MSM. Trehalose glycolipids--synthesis and biological activities. Carbohydr Res 2012; 356:25-36. [PMID: 22486827 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A variety of trehalose glycolipids have been isolated from natural sources, and several of these glycolipids exhibit important biological properties. These molecules also represent challenging synthetic targets due to their highly amphiphilic character, their large number of functional groups and additional chiral centres. This review highlights some of the recent advances made in the synthesis of trehalose glycolipids, and their associated biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna A Khan
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
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31
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32
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Daudé D, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. Sucrose analogs: an attractive (bio)source for glycodiversification. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:945-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20054f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Okumura H, Kitazawa N, Wada S, Hotta H. Stability of Sucrose Fatty Acid Esters under Acidic and Basic Conditions. J Oleo Sci 2011; 60:313-20. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.60.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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35
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ter Haar R, Schols HA, van den Broek LA, Sağlam D, Frissen AE, Boeriu CG, Gruppen H. Molecular sieves provoke multiple substitutions in the enzymatic synthesis of fructose oligosaccharide–lauryl esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Hydroxy functional acrylate and methacrylate monomers prepared via lipase—catalyzed transacylation reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Theodosiou E, Katsoura MH, Loutrari H, Purchartová K, Křen V, Kolisis FN, Stamatis H. Enzymatic preparation of acylated derivatives of silybin in organic and ionic liquid media and evaluation of their antitumor proliferative activity. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420902937777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Chang SW, Shaw JF. Biocatalysis for the production of carbohydrate esters. N Biotechnol 2009; 26:109-16. [PMID: 19628056 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate fatty acid esters are nonionic biosurfactants, which can be synthesized from the esterification of mono- or oligosaccharides by enzymatic catalysis. These esters are increasingly used as important commodity chemicals, such as low calorific sweeteners and biosurfactants in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Recently, some of the ester derivatives have shown their therapeutic potential with antitumor activity, plant growth inhibition and antibiotic activities, which became one of the 'hot' subjects for various biological processes. However, this potential has not been fully explored because the production of oligoesters (e.g. di-, tri- and tetra-) of sugars is a difficult problem in organic chemistry because of the abundance of hydroxyl groups in sugar molecules and the similar reactivity of most of them. Solvent engineering can be employed to improve the yields of sugar esters by using biocatalytic reactions. Protein engineering is useful in improving the catalytic efficiency, thermostability and pH stability of biocatalysts for enzymatic synthesis of sugar ester. The use of recombinant DNA technology to produce large quantities of enzymes in a heterologous host will lower the overall production cost. The cloning of key enzyme genes for the carbohydrate esters biosynthesis pathway and overexpressing these genes using strong promoters in either plants or microorganisms through metabolic engineering will be also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wei Chang
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Care, Dayeh University, Dacun, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
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39
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Anderson EM, Larsson KM, Kirk O. One Biocatalyst–Many Applications: The Use of Candida Antarctica B-Lipase in Organic Synthesis. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429809003198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 554] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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40
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Teng RW, Bui TKA, McManus D, Armstrong D, Mau SL, Bacic A. Regioselective acylation of several polyhydroxylated natural compounds byCandida antarcticalipase B. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/1024220500132508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Piao J, Adachi S. Enzymatic preparation of fatty acid esters of sugar alcohols by condensation in acetone using a packed-bed reactor with immobilizedCandida antarcticalipase. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420400005788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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43
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Teng RW, McManus D, Aylward J, Ogbourne S, Johns J, Parsons P, Bacic A. Regioselective acylation of 3-O-angeloylingenol by Candida antarctica Lipase B. Fitoterapia 2009; 80:233-6. [PMID: 19535013 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acylation of 3-O-angeloylingenol (1) with vinyl acetate, vinyl decanoate and vinyl cinnamate, catalyzed by Candida antarctica Lipase B, was investigated. In each case, compound 1 was quantitatively and regioselectively acylated to afford a single product, 3-O-angeloyl-20-O-acetylingenol (1a), 3-O-angeloyl-20-O-decanoylingenol (1b) and 3-O-angeloyl-20-O-cinnamoylingenol (1c), respectively. The structures of the novel compounds 1b-1c were determined by MS and NMR, and product 1a by comparison of RP-HPLC and TLC with a standard. Compounds 1b-1c induced a bipolar morphology of MM96L melanoma cells at a similar concentration as compound 1, as well as having activity in inhibiting the growth of MM96L melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Teng
- CRC for Bioproducts, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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44
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Verma ML, Azmi W, Kanwar SS. Microbial lipases: at the interface of aqueous and non-aqueous media. A review. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2008; 55:265-94. [PMID: 18800594 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.55.2008.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, biotechnological applications of microbial lipases in synthesis of many organic molecules have rapidly increased in non-aqueous media. Microbial lipases are the 'working horses' in biocatalysis and have been extensively studied when their exceptionally high stability in non-aqueous media has been discovered. Stability of lipases in organic solvents makes them commercially feasibile in the enzymatic esterification reactions. Their stability is affected by temperature, reaction medium, water concentration and by the biocatalyst's preparation. An optimization process for ester synthesis from pilot scale to industrial scale in the reaction medium is discussed. The water released during the esterification process can be controlled over a wide range and has a profound effect on the activity of the lipases. Approaches to lipase catalysis like protein engineering, directed evolution and metagenome approach were studied. This review reports the recent development in the field ofnon-aqueous microbial lipase catalysis and factors controlling the esterification/transesterification processes in organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer-Hill, Shimla 171 005, India
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45
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Enzymatic synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters in organic solvent and in supercritical carbon dioxide and their antimicrobial activity. J Supercrit Fluids 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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van der Heijden A, van Rantwijk F, van Bekkum H. Mcm-41 Materials as Catalysts for the Synthesis of Alkyl Fructosides. J Carbohydr Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309908543987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.M. van der Heijden
- a Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Catalysis , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - F. van Rantwijk
- a Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Catalysis , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | - H. van Bekkum
- a Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Catalysis , Delft University of Technology , Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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47
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Iwamoto N, Shima M, Adachi S. Synthesis of xylitoyl fatty acid monoesters by immobilized lipase in subcritical acetone. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Chen B, Guo Z, Let MB, Lue BM, Xu X. Preparation of CLA ascorbyl ester with improved volumetric productivity by an ionic liquid-based reaction system. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3196-201. [DOI: 10.1039/b807710j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Goodby JW, Görtz V, Cowling SJ, Mackenzie G, Martin P, Plusquellec D, Benvegnu T, Boullanger P, Lafont D, Queneau Y, Chambert S, Fitremann J. Thermotropic liquid crystalline glycolipids. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1971-2032. [PMID: 17982519 DOI: 10.1039/b708458g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Are the liquid crystalline properties of the materials of living systems important in biological structures, functions, diseases and treatments? There is a growing consciousness that the observed lyotropic, and often thermotropic liquid crystallinity, of many biological materials that possess key biological functionality might be more than curious coincidence. Rather, as the survival of living systems depends on the flexibility and reformability of structures, it seems more likely that it is the combination of softness and structure of the liquid-crystalline state that determines the functionality of biological materials. The richest sources of liquid crystals derived from living systems are found in cell membranes, of these glycolipids are a particularly important class of components. In this critical review, we will examine the relationship between chemical structure and the self-assembling and self-organising properties of glycolipids that ultimately lead to mesophase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Goodby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York, UK YO10 5DD
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred van Rantwijk
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands.
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