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Understanding the Properties of Starch in Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum var. Agria) after Being Treated with Pulsed Electric Field Processing. Foods 2019; 8:foods8050159. [PMID: 31083345 PMCID: PMC6560427 DOI: 10.3390/foods8050159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of starch in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria) after being treated with pulsed electric fields (PEF). Potatoes were treated at 50 and 150 kJ/kg specific energies with various electric field strengths of 0, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 kV/cm. Distilled water was used as the processing medium. Starches were isolated from potato tissue and from the PEF processing medium. To assess the starch properties, various methods were used, i.e., the birefringence capability using a polarised light microscopy, gelatinisation behaviour using hot-stage light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal stability using thermogravimetry (TGA), enzyme susceptibility towards α-amylase and the extent of starch hydrolysis under in vitro simulated human digestion conditions. The findings showed that PEF did not change the properties of starch inside the potatoes, but it narrowed the temperature range of gelatinisation and reduced the digestibility of starch collected in the processing medium. Therefore, this study confirms that, when used as a processing aid for potato, PEF does not result in detrimental effects on the properties of potato starch.
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Shokrkar H, Ebrahimi S, Zamani M. Extraction of sugars from mixed microalgae culture using enzymatic hydrolysis: Experimental study and modeling. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1356291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Shokrkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sirous Ebrahimi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zamani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
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Purification, biochemical characterization and application of α-amylase produced by Aspergillus oryzae IFO-30103. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
This article surveys methods for the enzymatic conversion of starch, involving hydrolases and nonhydrolyzing enzymes, as well as the role of microorganisms producing such enzymes. The sources of the most common enzymes are listed. These starch conversions are also presented in relation to their applications in the food, pharmaceutical, pulp, textile, and other branches of industry. Some sections are devoted to the fermentation of starch to ethanol and other products, and to the production of cyclodextrins, along with the properties of these products. Light is also shed on the enzymes involved in the digestion of starch in human and animal organisms. Enzymatic processes acting on starch are useful in structural studies of the substrates and in understanding the characteristics of digesting enzymes. One section presents the application of enzymes to these problems. The information that is included covers the period from the early 19th century up to 2009.
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Liu W, Huang W, Sun W, Zhu Y, Ni J. Production of diosgenin from yellow ginger (Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright) saponins by commercial cellulase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 26:1171-80. [PMID: 24026920 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A commercial cellulase was first assessed to be effective in hydrolyzing glycosyl at the C-3 and C-26 positions in steroidal saponins from yellow ginger (Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright) to diosgenin, a very important chemical in the pharmaceutical industry. The effect of different parameters on enzyme hydrolysis was further investigated by systematically varying them. The highest yield was achieved when the hydrolysis ran at 55°C and pH 5.0 with an enzyme to substrate ratio of 15 × 10(3) U/g. The biotransformed products identified using TLC and HPLC confirmed that the cellulase was capable of releasing diosgenin from steroidal saponins. Moreover, the biotransformation process was explored by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis together with 40 % of the original sulphuric acid used increased the diosgenin yield by 15.4 ± 2.7% than traditional method. Therefore, the commercial cellulase may serve as a promising tool for industrial diosgenin production and for further use in saponin modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, 100871, Beijing, China
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CURVELO-SANTANA JOSÉCARLOS, FERREIRA GRAZIELABATISTA, BIAZUS JOANAPAULAMENEZES, DE SOUZA ROBERTORODRIGUES, TAMBOURGI ELIASBASILE. BIOCHEMISTRY CHARACTERIZATION OFα- ANDβ-AMYLASES FROMZEA MAYSMALT AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS APPROACH OF THE DEGRADATION OF MANIOC STARCH. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2007.00183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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KHEDHER IMENBENABDELMALEK, BRESSOLLIER PHILIPPE, URDACI MARIACAMINO, LIMAM FERID, MARZOUKI MNEJIB. PRODUCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OFSCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUMα-AMYLASE ScAmy1: ASSAY IN STARCH LIQUEFACTION TREATMENTS. J Food Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee S, Bae H, Kim N, Hwang S. Optimization of growth conditions of Lentinus edodes mycelium on corn processing waste using response surface analysis. J Biosci Bioeng 2008; 105:161-3. [PMID: 18343345 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.105.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the use of corn processing waste as an alternative growth medium for the cultivation of Lentinus edodes mycelium and to determine the optimum growth conditions under solid-state cultivation. The substrate concentration, pH, and temperature for maximizing the growth rate of L. edodes mycelium, 9.3+/-0.6 mm/d, were 44.3 g/l, 4.7, and 24.7 degrees C, respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that corn processing waste can be utilized as a growth substrate for cultivating L. edodes mycelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyong Lee
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
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Konsula Z, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M. Hydrolysis of starches by the action of an α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis. Process Biochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2003.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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López C, Torrado A, Fuciños P, Guerra NP, Pastrana L. Enzymatic hydrolysis of chestnut purée: process optimization using mixtures of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:2907-2914. [PMID: 15137834 DOI: 10.1021/jf035164o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of starch present in chestnut purée was performed through a one-step treatment with a mixture of a commercial thermostable alpha-amylase (Termamyl 120 L, type S) and glucoamylase (AMG 300 L) at 70 degrees C. The effect of the enzyme concentration and the ratio of both amylases in the reaction mixture was studied by means of a factorial second-order rotatable design, which allowed conditions to be set leading to the total conversion of starch to glucose after 15 min of incubation (60 total enzymatic units g(-1) of chestnut; ratio of alpha-amylase/glucoamylase enzymatic units, 0.35:0.65). At lower enzyme concentration, the delay in the addition of the glucoamylase with regard to the addition of the alpha-amylase allowed a slightly higher hydrolysis percentage to be reached when compared to the simultaneous addition of both amylases at the same low enzyme concentration. The kinetics of liberation of glucose supports the existence of a synergistic effect between these two enzymes only in the first moments of the reaction. Finally, a sequential one-step hydrolysis was assayed, and more concentrated glucose syrups were thus obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Aquino ACMM, Jorge JA, Terenzi HF, Polizeli MLTM. Studies on a thermostable alpha-amylase from the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 61:323-8. [PMID: 12743761 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2002] [Revised: 02/11/2003] [Accepted: 02/21/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An alpha-amylase produced by Scytalidium thermophilum was purified using DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sepharose 6B gel filtration. The purified protein migrated as a single band in 6% PAGE and 7% SDS-PAGE. The estimated molecular mass was 36 kDa (SDS-PAGE) and 49 kDa (Sepharose 6B). Optima of pH and temperature were 6.0 and 60 degrees C, respectively. In the absence of substrate the purified alpha-amylase was stable for 1 h at 50 degrees C and had a half-life of 12 min at 60 degrees C, but was fully stable in the presence of starch. The enzyme was not activated by several metal ions tested, including Ca(2+) (up to 10 mM), but HgCl(2 )and CuCl(2) inhibited its activity. The alpha-amylase produced by S. thermophilum preferentially hydrolyzed starch, and to a lesser extent amylopectin, maltose, amylose and glycogen in that order. The products of starch hydrolysis (up to 6 h of reaction) analyzed by thin layer chromatography, showed oligosaccharides such as maltotrioses, maltotetraoses and maltopentaoses. Maltose and traces of glucose were formed only after 3 h of reaction. These results confirm the character of the enzyme studied to be an alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-glucan glucanohydrolase).
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Affiliation(s)
- A C M M Aquino
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Brazil
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Marković I, Marković-Devčić B, Pavlović N. The effect of synergism in decreased hydrolysis of biopolymers with enzyme overdosage. Process Biochem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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CARRIN MARIAE, CECI LILIANA, LOZANO JORGE. KINETIC STUDIES OF AN AMYLASE USED COMMERCIALLY FOR THE CLARIFICATION OF APPLE JUICE. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2002.tb00859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wojciechowski PM, Koziol A, Noworyta A. Iteration model of starch hydrolysis by amylolytic enzymes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 75:530-9. [PMID: 11745128 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An elaborate computer program to simulate the process of starch hydrolysis by amylolytic enzymes was been developed. It is based on the Monte Carlo method and iteration kinetic model, which predict productive and non-productive amylase complexes with substrates. It describes both multienzymatic and multisubstrate reactions simulating the "real" concentrations of all components versus the time of the depolymerization reaction the number of substrates, intermediate products, and final products are limited only by computer memory. In this work, it is assumed that the "proper" substrate for amylases is the glucoside linkages in starch molecules. Dynamic changes of substrate during the simulation adequately influence the increase or decrease of reaction velocity, as well as the kinetics of depolymerization. The presented kinetic model, can be adapted to describe most enzymatic degradations of a polymer. This computer program has been tested on experimental data obtained for alpha- and beta-amylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Wojciechowski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Wrocław, Wybrzeze St. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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Roy I, Sastry MS, Johri BN, Gupta MN. Purification of alpha-amylase isoenzymes from Scytalidium thermophilum on a fluidized bed of alginate beads followed by concanavalin A-agarose column chromatography. Protein Expr Purif 2000; 20:162-8. [PMID: 11049740 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2000.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An alpha-amylase has been purified from the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum. A ninefold purification was achieved in a single step using fluidized bed chromatography wherein alginate was used as the affinity matrix. There are at least two isoenzymes as shown by concanavalin A (Con A)-agarose column chromatography. The isoenzyme binding to Con A is stable for at least 3 h at 80 degrees C in the presence of calcium ions. The isoenzymes have similar molecular weights of around 45,000 Da as shown by SDS-PAGE analysis. The isoenzymes differ only slightly in their pH optima and temperature optima but the isoenzyme binding to Con A-agarose has slightly higher thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Roy
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
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