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Abioye A, Akintade D, Mitchell J, Olorode S, Adejare A. Nonintuitive Immunogenicity and Plasticity of Alpha-Synuclein Conformers: A Paradigm for Smart Delivery of Neuro-Immunotherapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:609. [PMID: 38794271 PMCID: PMC11124533 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive research successes and continuous developments in modern medicine in terms of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, the lack of clinically useful disease-modifying drugs or immunotherapeutic agents that can successfully treat or prevent neurodegenerative diseases is an ongoing challenge. To date, only one of the 244 drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has been approved in the past decade, indicating a failure rate of 99.6%. In corollary, the approved monoclonal antibody did not demonstrate significant cognitive benefits. Thus, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing rapidly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for creative approaches to identifying and testing biomarkers for better diagnosis, prevention, and disease-modifying strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Overexpression of the endogenous α-synuclein has been identified as the driving force for the formation of the pathogenic α-synuclein (α-Syn) conformers, resulting in neuroinflammation, hypersensitivity, endogenous homeostatic responses, oxidative dysfunction, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the conformational plasticity of α-Syn proffers that a certain level of α-Syn is essential for the survival of neurons. Thus, it exerts both neuroprotective and neurotoxic (regulatory) functions on neighboring neuronal cells. Furthermore, the aberrant metastable α-Syn conformers may be subtle and difficult to detect but may trigger cellular and molecular events including immune responses. It is well documented in literature that the misfolded α-Syn and its conformers that are released into the extracellular space from damaged or dead neurons trigger the innate and adaptive immune responses in PD. Thus, in this review, we discuss the nonintuitive plasticity and immunogenicity of the α-Syn conformers in the brain immune cells and their physiological and pathological consequences on the neuroimmune responses including neuroinflammation, homeostatic remodeling, and cell-specific interactions that promote neuroprotection in PD. We also critically reviewed the novel strategies for immunotherapeutic delivery interventions in PD pathogenesis including immunotherapeutic targets and potential nanoparticle-based smart drug delivery systems. It is envisioned that a greater understanding of the nonintuitive immunogenicity of aberrant α-Syn conformers in the brain's microenvironment would provide a platform for identifying valid therapeutic targets and developing smart brain delivery systems for clinically effective disease-modifying immunotherapeutics that can aid in the prevention and treatment of PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Abioye
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Damilare Akintade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK; (D.A.); (J.M.); (S.O.)
| | - James Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK; (D.A.); (J.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Simisade Olorode
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK; (D.A.); (J.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Adeboye Adejare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA;
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Shi X, Li P, Herb M, Liu H, Wang M, Wang X, Feng Y, van Beers T, Xia N, Li H, Prokosch V. Pathological high intraocular pressure induces glial cell reactive proliferation contributing to neuroinflammation of the blood-retinal barrier via the NOX2/ET-1 axis-controlled ERK1/2 pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:105. [PMID: 38649885 PMCID: PMC11034147 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NADPH oxidase (NOX), a primary source of endothelial reactive oxygen species (ROS), is considered a key event in disrupting the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier. Abnormalities in neurovascular-coupled immune signaling herald the loss of ganglion cells in glaucoma. Persistent microglia-driven inflammation and cellular innate immune system dysregulation often lead to deteriorating retinal degeneration. However, the crosstalk between NOX and the retinal immune environment remains unresolved. Here, we investigate the interaction between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in glaucoma by genetic defects of NOX2 or its regulation via gp91ds-tat. METHODS Ex vivo cultures of retinal explants from wildtype C57BL/6J and Nox2 -/- mice were subjected to normal and high hydrostatic pressure (Pressure 60 mmHg) for 24 h. In vivo, high intraocular pressure (H-IOP) was induced in C57BL/6J mice for two weeks. Both Pressure 60 mmHg retinas and H-IOP mice were treated with either gp91ds-tat (a NOX2-specific inhibitor). Proteomic analysis was performed on control, H-IOP, and treatment with gp91ds-tat retinas to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The study also evaluated various glaucoma phenotypes, including IOP, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) functionality, and optic nerve (ON) degeneration. The superoxide (O2-) levels assay, blood-retinal barrier degradation, gliosis, neuroinflammation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and quantitative PCR were performed in this study. RESULTS We found that NOX2-specific deletion or activity inhibition effectively attenuated retinal oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, the internal blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) injury, neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction, RGC loss, and ON axonal degeneration following H-IOP. Mechanistically, we unveiled for the first time that NOX2-dependent ROS-driven pro-inflammatory signaling, where NOX2/ROS induces endothelium-derived endothelin-1 (ET-1) overexpression, which activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and mediates the shift of microglia activation to a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, thereby triggering a neuroinflammatory outburst. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we demonstrate for the first time that NOX2 deletion or gp91ds-tat inhibition attenuates iBRB injury and NVU dysfunction to rescue glaucomatous RGC loss and ON axon degeneration, which is associated with inhibition of the ET-1/ERK1/2-transduced shift of microglial cell activation toward a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, highlighting NOX2 as a potential target for novel neuroprotective therapies in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Goldenfelsstr. 19-21, 50935, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maoren Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosha Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim van Beers
- Institut I für Anatomie, Universitätsklinikum Köln (AöR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
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Kumar R, Chowdhury S, Ledeen R. Alpha-Synuclein and GM1 Ganglioside Co-Localize in Neuronal Cytosol Leading to Inverse Interaction-Relevance to Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3323. [PMID: 38542297 PMCID: PMC10970170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on GM1 ganglioside and its neuroprotective role in Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in mitigating the aggregation of α-Synuclein (aSyn), is well established across various model organisms. This essential molecule, GM1, is intimately linked to preventing aSyn aggregation, and its deficiency is believed to play a key role in the initiation of PD. In our current study, we attempted to shed light on the cytosolic interactions between GM1 and aSyn based on previous reports demonstrating gangliosides and monomeric aSyn to be present in neuronal cytosol. Native-PAGE and Western blot analysis of neuronal cytosol from mouse brains demonstrated the presence of both GM1 and monomeric aSyn in the neuronal cytosol of normal mouse brain. To demonstrate that an adequate level of GM1 prevents the aggregation of aSyn, we used NG108-15 and SH-SY5Y cells with and without treatment of 1-phenyl-2-palmitoyl-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PPMP), which inhibits the synthesis/expression of GM1. Cells treated with PPMP to reduce GM1 expression showed a significant increase in the formation of aggregated aSyn compared to untreated cells. We thus demonstrated that sufficient GM1 prevents the aggregation of aSyn. For this to occur, aSyn and GM1 must show proximity within the neuron. The present study provides evidence for such co-localization in neuronal cytosol, which also facilitates the inverse interaction revealed in studies with the two cell types above. This adds to the explanation of how GM1 prevents the aggregation of aSyn and onset of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Ledeen
- Department of Pharmacology Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (R.K.); (S.C.)
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Miao Y, Meng H. The involvement of α-synucleinopathy in the disruption of microglial homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:31. [PMID: 38216911 PMCID: PMC10785555 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The intracellular deposition and intercellular transmission of α-synuclein (α-syn) are shared pathological characteristics among neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the precise triggers of α-synucleinopathies remain unclear, recent findings indicate that disruption of microglial homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of PD. Microglia play a crucial role in maintaining optimal neuronal function by ensuring a homeostatic environment, but this function is disrupted during the progression of α-syn pathology. The involvement of microglia in the accumulation, uptake, and clearance of aggregated proteins is critical for managing disease spread and progression caused by α-syn pathology. This review summarizes current knowledge on the interrelationships between microglia and α-synucleinopathies, focusing on the remarkable ability of microglia to recognize and internalize extracellular α-syn through diverse pathways. Microglia process α-syn intracellularly and intercellularly to facilitate the α-syn neuronal aggregation and cell-to-cell propagation. The conformational state of α-synuclein distinctly influences microglial inflammation, which can affect peripheral immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes and may regulate the pathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies. We also discuss ongoing research efforts to identify potential therapeutic approaches targeting both α-syn accumulation and inflammation in PD. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongrui Meng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Mondal A, Dolui S, Dhabal S, Kundu S, Das L, Bhattacharjee A, Maiti NC. Structure specific neuro-toxicity of α-synuclein oligomer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126683. [PMID: 37666396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked to α-synuclein (aS) aggregation and deposition of amyloid in the substantia nigra region of the brain tissues. In the current investigation we produced two distinct classes of aS oligomer of differed protein conformation, stability and compared their toxic nature to cultured neuronal cells. Lyophilized oligomer (LO) was produced in storage of aS at-20 °C for 7 days and it was enriched with loosely hold molten globule like structure with residues having preferences for α-helical conformational space. The size of the oligomer was 4-5.5 nm under AFM. This kind of oligomer exhibited potential toxicity towards neuronal cell lines and did not transform into compact β-sheet rich amyloid fiber even after incubation at 37 °C for several days. Formation of another type of oligomer was often observed in the lag phase of aS fibrillation that often occurred at an elevated temperature (37 °C). This kind of heat induced oligomer (IO) was more hydrophobic and relatively less toxic to neuronal cells compared to lyophilized oligomer (LO). Importantly, initiation of hydrophobic zipping of aS caused the transformation of IO into thermodynamically stable β-sheet rich amyloid fibril. On the other hand, the presence of molten globule like conformation in LO, rendered greater toxicity to cultured neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Mondal
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; Department of Zoology, Government General Degree College-Mangalkote, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal 713132, India.
| | - Sandip Dolui
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sukhamoy Dhabal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Rd, A-Zone, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Shubham Kundu
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Lopamudra Das
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Rd, A-Zone, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Nakul C Maiti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Chisholm T, Hunter CA. Ligand Profiling to Characterize Different Polymorphic Forms of α-Synuclein Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27030-27037. [PMID: 38029411 PMCID: PMC10722502 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of amyloid fibrils is a characteristic feature of many diseases, most famously neurodegenerative disease. The supramolecular structure of these fibrils appears to be disease-specific. Identifying the unique morphologies of amyloid fibrils could, therefore, form the basis of a diagnostic tool. Here we report a method to characterize the morphology of α-synuclein (αSyn) fibrils based on profiling multiple different ligand binding sites that are present on the surfaces of fibrils. By employing various competition binding assays, seven different types of binding sites were identified on four different morphologies of αSyn fibrils. Similar binding sites on different fibrils were shown to bind ligands with significantly different affinities. We combined this information to construct individual profiles for different αSyn fibrils based on the distribution of binding sites and ligand interactions. These results demonstrate that ligand-based profiling can be used as an analytical method to characterize fibril morphologies with operationally simple fluorescence binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy
S. Chisholm
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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7
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Barclay AM, Dhavale DD, Borcik CG, Milchberg MH, Kotzbauer PT, Rienstra CM. 13C and 15N resonance assignments of alpha synuclein fibrils amplified from Lewy Body Dementia tissue. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2023; 17:281-286. [PMID: 37919529 PMCID: PMC10863844 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-023-10156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibrils of the protein α-synuclein (Asyn) are implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease, Lewy Body Dementia, and Multiple System Atrophy. Numerous forms of Asyn fibrils have been studied by solid-state NMR and resonance assignments have been reported. Here, we report a new set of 13C, 15N assignments that are unique to fibrils obtained by amplification from postmortem brain tissue of a patient diagnosed with Lewy Body Dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Barclay
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Dhruva D Dhavale
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Collin G Borcik
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Moses H Milchberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Paul T Kotzbauer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Chad M Rienstra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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8
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Wang F, Zhong W, Yang Q, Zhao W, Liu X, Rao B, Lin X, Zhang J. Distribution and synaptic organization of substance P-like immunoreactive neurons in the mouse retina. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1703-1724. [PMID: 37481742 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Substance P (SP), a neuroprotective peptidergic neurotransmitter, is known to have immunoreactivity (IR) localized to amacrine and/or ganglion cells in a variety of species' retinas, but it has not yet been studied in the mouse retina. Thus, we investigated the distribution and synaptic organization of SP-IR by confocal and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry in the mouse retina. SP-IR was distributed in the inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL). Most of the SP-IR somas belonged to amacrine cells (2.5% of all) in the INL and their processes stratified into the S1, S3, and S5 layers of the IPL, with the most intense band in the S5 layer. Some SP-IR somas can also be observed in the GCL, which were identified as displaced amacrine cells (82%, 1269/1550) and ganglion cells (18%, 281/1550) by antibodies against AP2α and RBPMS, respectively. Such SP-IR ganglion cells (1.2% of all RGCs) can be further divided into 3 subgroups expressing SP/α-Synuclein (α-Syn), SP/GAD67, and/or SP/GAD67/α-Syn. Possible physiological and pathological roles of these ganglion cells are discussed. Further, electron microscopy evidence demonstrates that SP-IR amacrine cells receive major inputs from other SP-IR amacrine cell processes (146/242 inputs) and output mostly to SP-negative amacrine cell processes (291/673 outputs), suggesting series inhibition among amacrine cells. These results reveal for the first time an explicit distribution, novel ganglion cell features, and synaptic organization of SP-IR in the mouse retina, which is important for the future use of mouse models to study the roles of SP in healthy and diseased (including Parkinson's disease) retinal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wenhui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qingwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wenna Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Bilin Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Vargas KJ, Colosi PL, Girardi E, Park JM, Harmon LE, Chandra SS. α-Synuclein colocalizes with AP180 and affects the size of clathrin lattices. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105091. [PMID: 37516240 PMCID: PMC10470054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein and family members β- and γ-synuclein are presynaptic proteins that sense and generate membrane curvature, properties important for synaptic vesicle (SV) cycling. αβγ-synuclein triple knockout neurons exhibit SV endocytosis deficits. Here, we investigated if α-synuclein affects clathrin assembly in vitro. Visualizing clathrin assembly on membranes using a lipid monolayer system revealed that α-synuclein increases clathrin lattices size and curvature. On cell membranes, we observe that α-synuclein is colocalized with clathrin and its adapter AP180 in a concentric ring pattern. Clathrin puncta that contain both α-synuclein and AP180 were significantly larger than clathrin puncta containing either protein alone. We determined that this effect occurs in part through colocalization of α-synuclein with the phospholipid PI(4,5)P2 in the membrane. Immuno-electron microscopy (EM) of synaptosomes uncovered that α-synuclein relocalizes from SVs to the presynaptic membrane upon stimulation, positioning α-synuclein to function on presynaptic membranes during or after stimulation. Additionally, we show that deletion of synucleins impacts brain-derived clathrin-coated vesicle size. Thus, α-synuclein affects the size and curvature of clathrin structures on membranes and functions as an endocytic accessory protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina J Vargas
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - P L Colosi
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; PREP Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eric Girardi
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leah E Harmon
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sreeganga S Chandra
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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10
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Zhu Y, Luan C, Gong L, Gu Y, Wang X, Sun H, Chen Z, Zhou Q, Liu C, Shan Q, Gu X, Zhou S. SnRNA-seq reveals the heterogeneity of spinal ventral horn and mechanism of motor neuron axon regeneration. iScience 2023; 26:107264. [PMID: 37502257 PMCID: PMC10368823 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal motor neurons, the distinctive neurons of the central nervous system, extend into the peripheral nervous system and have outstanding ability of axon regeneration after injury. Here, we explored the heterogeneity of spinal ventral horn cells after rat sciatic nerve crush via single-nuclei RNA sequencing. Interestingly, regeneration mainly occurred in a Sncg+ and Anxa2+ motor neuron subtype (MN2) surrounded by a newly emerged microglia subtype (Mg6) after injury. Subsequently, microglia depletion slowed down the regeneration of sciatic nerve. OPCs were also involved into the regeneration process. Knockdown of Cacna2d2 in vitro and systemic blocking of Cacna2d2 in vivo improved the axon growth ability, hinting us the importance of Ca2+. Ultimately, we proposed three possible phases of motor neuron axon regeneration: preparation stage, early regeneration stage, and regeneration stage. Taken together, our study provided a resource for deciphering the underlying mechanism of motor neuron axon regeneration in a single cell dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Chengcheng Luan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Leilei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Qi Shan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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11
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Mohamadzadeh O, Hajinouri M, Moammer F, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Omid Shafiei G, Jafari A, Ostadian A, Talaei Zavareh SA, Hamblin MR, Yazdi AJ, Sheida A, Mirzaei H. Non-coding RNAs and Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Traumatic Brain Injury: the Small Player with Big Actions. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4064-4083. [PMID: 37020123 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing concern regarding traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide since substantial morbidity is observed after it, and the long-term consequences that are not yet fully recognized. A number of cellular pathways related to the secondary injury in brain have been identified, including free radical production (owing to mitochondrial dysfunction), excitotoxicity (regulated by excitatory neurotransmitters), apoptosis, and neuroinflammatory responses (as a result of activation of the immune system and central nervous system). In this context, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) maintain a fundamental contribution to post-transcriptional regulation. It has been shown that mammalian brains express high levels of ncRNAs that are involved in several brain physiological processes. Furthermore, altered levels of ncRNA expression have been found in those with traumatic as well non-traumatic brain injuries. The current review highlights the primary molecular mechanisms participated in TBI that describes the latest and novel results about changes and role of ncRNAs in TBI in both clinical and experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsasadat Hajinouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Moammer
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Ostadian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | | | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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12
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Barclay AM, Dhavale DD, Borcik CG, Milchberg MH, Kotzbauer PT, Rienstra CM. 13C and 15N Resonance Assignments of Alpha Synuclein Fibrils Amplified from Lewy Body Dementia Tissue. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2460685. [PMID: 36865115 PMCID: PMC9980205 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2460685/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibrils of the protein α-synuclein (Asyn) are implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease, Lewy Body Dementia, and Multiple System Atrophy. Numerous forms of Asyn fibrils have been studied by solid-state NMR and resonance assignments have been reported. Here, we report a new set of 13C, 15N assignments that are unique to fibrils obtained by amplification from postmortem brain tissue of a patient diagnosed with Lewy Body Dementia.
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13
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The Role of α-Synuclein in SNARE-mediated Synaptic Vesicle Fusion. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167775. [PMID: 35931109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal communication depends on exquisitely regulated membrane fusion between synaptic vesicles and presynaptic neurons, which results in neurotransmitter release in precisely timed patterns. Presynaptic dysfunctions are known to occur prior to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Synaptic accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) oligomers has been implicated in the pathway leading to such outcomes. α-Syn oligomers exert aberrant effects on presynaptic fusion machinery through their interactions with synaptic vesicles and proteins. Here, we summarize in vitro bulk and single-vesicle assays for investigating the functions of α-Syn monomers and oligomers in synaptic vesicle fusion and then discuss the current understanding of the roles of α-Syn monomers and oligomers in synaptic vesicle fusion. Finally, we suggest a new therapeutic avenue specifically targeting the mechanisms of α-Syn oligomer toxicity rather than the oligomer itself.
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14
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Minchev D, Kazakova M, Sarafian V. Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease-Novel Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314997. [PMID: 36499325 PMCID: PMC9735607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the accumulation of α-Synuclein aggregates and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra in the midbrain. Although the exact mechanisms of neuronal degeneration in PD remain largely elusive, various pathogenic factors, such as α-Synuclein cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory factors, may significantly impair normal neuronal function and promote apoptosis. In this context, neuroinflammation and autophagy have emerged as crucial processes in PD that contribute to neuronal loss and disease development. They are regulated in a complex interconnected manner involving most of the known PD-associated genes. This review summarizes evidence of the implication of neuroinflammation and autophagy in PD and delineates the role of inflammatory factors and autophagy-related proteins in this complex condition. It also illustrates the particular significance of plasma and serum immune markers in PD and their potential to provide a personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danail Minchev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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15
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Zheng Y, Cai H, Zhao J, Yu Z, Feng T. Alpha-Synuclein species in oral mucosa as potential biomarkers for multiple system atrophy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1010064. [PMID: 36304930 PMCID: PMC9592697 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The definitive diagnosis of Multiple system atrophy (MSA) requires the evidence of abnormal deposition of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) through brain pathology which is unable to achieve in vivo. Deposition of α-Syn is not limited to the central nervous system (CNS), but also extended to peripheral tissues. Detection of pathological α-Syn deposition in extracerebral tissues also contributes to the diagnosis of MSA. We recently reported the increased expressions of α-Syn, phosphorylated α-Synuclein at Ser129 (pS129), and α-Syn aggregates in oral mucosal cells of Parkinson’s disease (PD), which serve as potential biomarkers for PD. To date, little is known about the α-Syn expression pattern in oral mucosa of MSA which is also a synucleinopathy. Here, we intend to investigate whether abnormal α-Syn deposition occurs in oral mucosal cells of MSA, and to determine whether α-Syn, pS129, and α-Syn aggregates in oral mucosa are potential biomarkers for MSA. Methods The oral mucosal cells were collected by using cytobrush from 42 MSA patients (23 MSA-P and 19 MSA-C) and 47 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Immunofluorescence analysis was used to investigate the presence of α-Syn, pS129, and α-Syn aggregates in the oral mucosal cells. Then, the concentrations of α-Syn species in oral mucosa samples were measured using electrochemiluminescence assays. Results Immunofluorescence images indicated elevated α-Syn, pS129, and α-Syn aggregates levels in oral mucosal cells of MSA than HCs. The concentrations of three α-Syn species were significantly higher in oral mucosal cells of MSA than HCs (α-Syn, p < 0.001; pS129, p = 0.042; α-Syn aggregates, p < 0.0001). In MSA patients, the oral mucosa α-Syn levels negatively correlated with disease duration (r = −0.398, p = 0.009). The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using an integrative model including age, gender, α-Syn, pS129, and α-Syn aggregates for MSA diagnosis was 0.825, with 73.8% sensitivity and 78.7% specificity. Conclusion The α-Syn levels in oral mucosal cells elevated in patients with MSA, which may be promising biomarkers for MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchu Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Cai
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwei Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenwei Yu,
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Tao Feng,
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16
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The Effect of Aggregated Alpha Synuclein on Synaptic and Axonal Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease—A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091199. [PMID: 36139038 PMCID: PMC9496556 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein is a core component of Lewy bodies, one of the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease. Aggregated α-synuclein can impair both synaptic functioning and axonal transport. However, understanding the pathological role that α-synuclein plays at a cellular level is complicated as existing findings are multifaceted and dependent on the mutation, the species, and the quantity of the protein that is involved. This systematic review aims to stratify the research findings to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the role of aggregated α-synuclein on synaptic and axonal proteins in Parkinson’s disease models. A literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted and a total of 39 studies were included for analysis. The review provides evidence for the dysregulation or redistribution of synaptic and axonal proteins due to α-synuclein toxicity. However, due to the high quantity of variables that were used in the research investigations, it was challenging to ascertain exactly what effect α-synuclein has on the expression of the proteins. A more standardized experimental approach regarding the variables that are employed in future studies is crucial so that existing literature can be consolidated. New research involving aggregated α-synuclein at the synapse and regarding axonal transport could be advantageous in guiding new treatment solutions.
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17
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α-Synuclein molecular behavior and nigral proteomic profiling distinguish subtypes of Lewy body disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:167-185. [PMID: 35748929 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Lewy body disorders (LBD), characterized by the deposition of misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn), are clinically heterogeneous. Although the distribution of α-Syn correlates with the predominant clinical features, the burden of pathology does not fully explain the observed variability in clinical presentation and rate of disease progression. We hypothesized that this heterogeneity might reflect α-Syn molecular diversity, between both patients and different brain regions. Using an ultra-sensitive assay, we evaluated α-Syn seeding in 8 brain regions from 30 LBD patients with different clinical phenotypes and disease durations. Comparing seeding across the clinical phenotypes revealed that hippocampal α-Syn from patients with a cognitive-predominant phenotype had significantly higher seeding capacity than that derived from patients with a motor-predominant phenotype, whose nigral-derived α-Syn in turn had higher seeding capacity than that from cognitive-predominant patients. Interestingly, α-Syn from patients with rapid disease progression (< 3 years to development of advanced disease) had the highest nigral seeding capacity of all the patients included. To validate these findings and explore factors underlying seeding heterogeneity, we performed in vitro toxicity assays, and detailed neuropathological and biochemical examinations. Furthermore, and for the first time, we performed a proteomic-wide profiling of the substantia nigra from 5 high seeder and 5 low seeder patients. The proteomic data suggests a significant disruption in mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism in high seeder cases compared to the low seeders. These observations suggest that distinct molecular populations of α-Syn may contribute to heterogeneity in phenotypes and progression rates in LBD and imply that effective therapeutic strategies might need to be directed at an ensemble of differently misfolded α-Syn species, with the relative contribution of their differing impacts accounting for heterogeneity in the neurodegenerative process.
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18
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Uzuegbunam BC, Li J, Paslawski W, Weber W, Svenningsson P, Ågren H, Yousefi BH. Toward Novel [18F]Fluorine-Labeled Radiotracers for the Imaging of α-Synuclein Fibrils. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:830704. [PMID: 35572127 PMCID: PMC9099256 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.830704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates (α-syn) in the human brain is an occurrence common to all α-synucleinopathies. Non-invasive detection of these aggregates in a living brain with a target-specific radiotracer is not yet possible. We have recently discovered that the inclusion of a methylenedioxy group in the structure of diarylbisthiazole (DABTA)-based tracers improves binding affinity and selectivity to α-syn. Subsequently, complementary in silico modeling and machine learning (ML) of tracer–protein interactions were employed to predict surface sites and structure–property relations for the binding of the ligands. Based on this observation, we developed a small focused library of DABTAs from which 4-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4′-(3-[18F]fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2′-bithiazole [18F]d2, 6-(4′-(3-[18F]fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-[2,2′-bithiazol]-4-yl)-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]pyridine [18F]d4, 4-(benzo [d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-4′-(6-[18F]fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2,2′-bithiazole [18F]d6, and 6-(4′-(6-[18F]fluoropyridin-3-yl)-[2,2′-bithiazol]-4-yl)-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]pyridine [18F]d8 were selected based on their high binding affinity to α-syn and were further evaluated. Binding assay experiments carried out with the non-radioactive versions of the above tracers d2, d4, d6, and d8 showed high binding affinity of the ligands to α-syn: 1.22, 0.66, 1.21, and 0.10 nM, respectively, as well as excellent selectivity over β-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and microtubular tau aggregates (>200-fold selectivity). To obtain the tracers, their precursors were radiolabeled either via an innovative ruthenium-mediated (SNAr) reaction ([18F]d2 and [18F]d4) or typical SNAr reaction ([18F]d6 and [18F]d8) with moderate-to-high radiochemical yields (13% – 40%), and high molar activity > 60 GBq/μmol. Biodistribution experiments carried out with the tracers in healthy mice revealed that [18F]d2 and [18F]d4 showed suboptimal brain pharmacokinetics: 1.58 and 4.63 %ID/g at 5 min post-injection (p.i.), and 1.93 and 3.86 %ID/g at 60 min p.i., respectively. However, [18F]d6 and [18F]d8 showed improved brain pharmacokinetics: 5.79 and 5.13 %ID/g at 5 min p.i.; 1.75 and 1.07 %ID/g at 60 min p.i.; and 1.04 and 0.58 %ID/g at 120 min p.i., respectively. The brain uptake kinetics of [18F]d6 and [18F]d8 were confirmed in a dynamic PET study. Both tracers also showed no brain radiometabolites at 20 min p.i. in initial in vivo stability experiments carried out in healthy mice. [18F]d8 seems very promising based on its binding properties and in vivo stability, thus encouraging further validation of its usefulness as a radiotracer for the in vivo visualization of α-syn in preclinical and clinical settings. Additionally, in silico and ML-predicted values correlated with the experimental binding affinity of the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junhao Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wojciech Paslawski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Behrooz Hooshyar Yousefi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Behrooz Hooshyar Yousefi,
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Marino G, Calabresi P, Ghiglieri V. Alpha-synuclein and cortico-striatal plasticity in animal models of Parkinson disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:153-166. [PMID: 35034731 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) is a small, acidic protein containing 140 amino acids, highly expressed in the brain and primarily localized in the presynaptic terminals. It is found in high concentrations in Lewy Bodies, proteinaceous aggregates that constitute a typical histopathologic hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Altered environmental conditions, genetic mutations and post-translational changes can trigger abnormal aggregation processes with the increased frequency of oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils formation that perturbs the neuronal homeostasis leading to cell death. Relevant to neuronal activity, a function of α-synuclein that has been extensively detailed is its regulatory actions in the trafficking of synaptic vesicles, including the processes of exocytosis, endocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Most recently, increasing attention has been paid to the possible role that α-synuclein plays at a postsynaptic level by interacting with selective subunits of the glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, altering the corticostriatal plasticity of distinct neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Marino
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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20
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Pathological α-syn aggregation is mediated by glycosphingolipid chain length and the physiological state of α-syn in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108489118. [PMID: 34893541 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108489118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GBA1 mutations that encode lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) and are strong risk factors for synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. Only a subset of subjects with GBA1 mutations exhibit neurodegeneration, and the factors that influence neurological phenotypes are unknown. We find that α-synuclein (α-syn) neuropathology induced by GCase depletion depends on neuronal maturity, the physiological state of α-syn, and specific accumulation of long-chain glycosphingolipid (GSL) GCase substrates. Reduced GCase activity does not initiate α-syn aggregation in neonatal mice or immature human midbrain cultures; however, adult mice or mature midbrain cultures that express physiological α-syn oligomers are aggregation prone. Accumulation of long-chain GSLs (≥C22), but not short-chain species, induced α-syn pathology and neurological dysfunction. Selective reduction of long-chain GSLs ameliorated α-syn pathology through lysosomal cathepsins. We identify specific requirements that dictate synuclein pathology in GD models, providing possible explanations for the phenotypic variability in subjects with GCase deficiency.
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21
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Wang Y, Sun Z, Du S, Wei H, Li X, Li X, Shen J, Chen X, Cai Z. The increase of α-synuclein and alterations of dynein in A53T transgenic and aging mouse. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 96:154-162. [PMID: 34810061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dynein protein plays a key role in the degradation pathway by attaching to targeted molecules and transporting the autophagosome to the centrosome. Aging plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effect on dynein is not clear. In this study we analyzed behavioral characteristics using the rod endurance test and climbing rod time test in different aged mice (3 months, 12 months, 20 months), and measured protein expression of dynein, α-synuclein, Tctex-1, and LC3 in the substantianigra of the mice by Western blot. The mRNA levels of dynein, α-synuclein, LC3 and Tctex-1 were measured by quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR, and detecting expression of dynein and α-synuclein by immunofluorescence. We found the motor functions of A53T mutant mice, in 12 months and 20 months, decreased more significantly compared with normal mice (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression of dynein, LC3-Ⅱ and Tctex-1 proteins in the substantia nigra of the two groups decreased with age. However, α-synuclein protein increased gradually with age, with significantly higher levels in the PD groups compared with age matched controls (p < 0.05). These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence. Our data demonstrates that dynein and other autophagy proteins change with age, and this is associated with increased α-synuclein. Therefore, therapeutics that prevent dynein dysfunction may offer novel treatments for PD and other autophagy related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shouyun Du
- Department of Neurology, Guanyun People's Hospital, Guanyun, China
| | - Hongyu Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuming Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinya Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zenglin Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China.
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22
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Brzozowski CF, Hijaz BA, Singh V, Gcwensa NZ, Kelly K, Boyden ES, West AB, Sarkar D, Volpicelli-Daley LA. Inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity promotes anterograde axonal transport and presynaptic targeting of α-synuclein. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:180. [PMID: 34749824 PMCID: PMC8576889 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologic inclusions composed of α-synuclein called Lewy pathology are hallmarks of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Dominant inherited mutations in leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common genetic cause of PD. Lewy pathology is found in the majority of individuals with LRRK2-PD, particularly those with the G2019S-LRRK2 mutation. Lewy pathology in LRRK2-PD associates with increased non-motor symptoms such as cognitive deficits, anxiety, and orthostatic hypotension. Thus, understanding the relationship between LRRK2 and α-synuclein could be important for determining the mechanisms of non-motor symptoms. In PD models, expression of mutant LRRK2 reduces membrane localization of α-synuclein, and enhances formation of pathologic α-synuclein, particularly when synaptic activity is increased. α-Synuclein and LRRK2 both localize to the presynaptic terminal. LRRK2 plays a role in membrane traffic, including axonal transport, and therefore may influence α-synuclein synaptic localization. This study shows that LRRK2 kinase activity influences α-synuclein targeting to the presynaptic terminal. We used the selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitors, MLi-2 and PF-06685360 (PF-360) to determine the impact of reduced LRRK2 kinase activity on presynaptic localization of α-synuclein. Expansion microscopy (ExM) in primary hippocampal cultures and the mouse striatum, in vivo, was used to more precisely resolve the presynaptic localization of α-synuclein. Live imaging of axonal transport of α-synuclein-GFP was used to investigate the impact of LRRK2 kinase inhibition on α-synuclein axonal transport towards the presynaptic terminal. Reduced LRRK2 kinase activity increases α-synuclein overlap with presynaptic markers in primary neurons, and increases anterograde axonal transport of α-synuclein-GFP. In vivo, LRRK2 inhibition increases α-synuclein overlap with glutamatergic, cortico-striatal terminals, and dopaminergic nigral-striatal presynaptic terminals. The findings suggest that LRRK2 kinase activity plays a role in axonal transport, and presynaptic targeting of α-synuclein. These data provide potential mechanisms by which LRRK2-mediated perturbations of α-synuclein localization could cause pathology in both LRRK2-PD, and idiopathic PD.
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Specht CG. A Quantitative Perspective of Alpha-Synuclein Dynamics - Why Numbers Matter. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:753462. [PMID: 34744680 PMCID: PMC8569944 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.753462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of synapses depends on spatially and temporally controlled molecular interactions between synaptic components that can be described in terms of copy numbers, binding affinities, and diffusion properties. To understand the functional role of a given synaptic protein, it is therefore crucial to quantitatively characterise its biophysical behaviour in its native cellular environment. Single molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) is ideally suited to obtain quantitative information about synaptic proteins on the nanometre scale. Molecule counting of recombinant proteins tagged with genetically encoded fluorophores offers a means to determine their absolute copy numbers at synapses due to the known stoichiometry of the labelling. As a consequence of its high spatial precision, SMLM also yields accurate quantitative measurements of molecule concentrations. In addition, live imaging of fluorescently tagged proteins at synapses can reveal diffusion dynamics and local binding properties of behaving proteins under normal conditions or during pathological processes. In this perspective, it is argued that the detailed structural information provided by super-resolution imaging can be harnessed to gain new quantitative information about the organisation and dynamics of synaptic components in cellula. To illustrate this point, I discuss the concentration-dependent aggregation of α-synuclein in the axon and the concomitant changes in the dynamic equilibrium of α-synuclein at synapses in quantitative terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G. Specht
- Diseases and Hormones of the Nervous System (DHNS), Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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24
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Sinsky J, Pichlerova K, Hanes J. Tau Protein Interaction Partners and Their Roles in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9207. [PMID: 34502116 PMCID: PMC8431036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein plays a critical role in the assembly, stabilization, and modulation of microtubules, which are important for the normal function of neurons and the brain. In diseased conditions, several pathological modifications of tau protein manifest. These changes lead to tau protein aggregation and the formation of paired helical filaments (PHF) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), which are common hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. The accumulation of PHFs and NFTs results in impairment of physiological functions, apoptosis, and neuronal loss, which is reflected as cognitive impairment, and in the late stages of the disease, leads to death. The causes of this pathological transformation of tau protein haven't been fully understood yet. In both physiological and pathological conditions, tau interacts with several proteins which maintain their proper function or can participate in their pathological modifications. Interaction partners of tau protein and associated molecular pathways can either initiate and drive the tau pathology or can act neuroprotective, by reducing pathological tau proteins or inflammation. In this review, we focus on the tau as a multifunctional protein and its known interacting partners active in regulations of different processes and the roles of these proteins in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jozef Hanes
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.S.); (K.P.)
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Liu D, Guo JJ, Su JH, Svanbergsson A, Yuan L, Haikal C, Li W, Gouras G, Li JY. Differential seeding and propagating efficiency of α-synuclein strains generated in different conditions. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:20. [PMID: 34148543 PMCID: PMC8215826 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a main pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s and related diseases, which are collectively known as synucleinopathies. Growing evidence has supported that the same protein can induce remarkably distinct pathological progresses and disease phenotypes, suggesting the existence of strain difference among α-syn fibrils. Previous studies have shown that α-syn pathology can propagate from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS) in a “prion-like” manner. However, the difference of the propagation potency from the periphery to CNS among different α-syn strains remains unknown and the effect of different generation processes of these strains on the potency of seeding and propagation remains to be revealed in more detail. Methods Three strains of preformed α-syn fibrils (PFFs) were generated in different buffer conditions which varied in pH and ionic concentrations. The α-syn PFFs were intramuscularly (IM) injected into a novel bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse line that expresses wild-type human α-syn, and the efficiency of seeding and propagation of these PFFs from the PNS to the CNS was evaluated. Results The three strains of α-syn PFFs triggered distinct propagation patterns. The fibrils generated in mildly acidic buffer led to the most severe α-syn pathology, degeneration of motor neurons and microgliosis in the spinal cord. Conclusions The different α-syn conformers generated in different conditions exhibited strain-specific pathology and propagation patterns from the periphery to the CNS, which further supports the view that α-syn strains may be responsible for the heterogeneity of pathological features and disease progresses among synucleinopathies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-021-00242-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.,Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184, Lund, Sweden.,Experimental Dementia Research, Lund University, BMC B11, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jian-Jun Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Ji-Hui Su
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Alexander Svanbergsson
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lin Yuan
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Caroline Haikal
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wen Li
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184, Lund, Sweden.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Gunnar Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research, Lund University, BMC B11, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China. .,Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A10, 22184, Lund, Sweden. .,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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Abed Rabbo M, Khodour Y, Kaguni LS, Stiban J. Sphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases: from bench to bedside. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:44. [PMID: 33941173 PMCID: PMC8094529 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudicum described sphingolipids (SLs) in the late nineteenth century, but it was only in the past fifty years that SL research surged in importance and applicability. Currently, sphingolipids and their metabolism are hotly debated topics in various biochemical fields. Similar to other macromolecular reactions, SL metabolism has important implications in health and disease in most cells. A plethora of SL-related genetic ailments has been described. Defects in SL catabolism can cause the accumulation of SLs, leading to many types of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) collectively called sphingolipidoses. These diseases mainly impact the neuronal and immune systems, but other systems can be affected as well. This review aims to present a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the rapidly growing field of sphingolipid LSDs, their etiology, pathology, and potential therapeutic strategies. We first describe LSDs biochemically and briefly discuss their catabolism, followed by general aspects of the major diseases such as Gaucher, Krabbe, Fabry, and Farber among others. We conclude with an overview of the available and potential future therapies for many of the diseases. We strive to present the most important and recent findings from basic research and clinical applications, and to provide a valuable source for understanding these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Rabbo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine.
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Hadi F, Akrami H, Totonchi M, Barzegar A, Nabavi SM, Shahpasand K. α-synuclein abnormalities trigger focal tau pathology, spreading to various brain areas in Parkinson disease. J Neurochem 2021; 157:727-751. [PMID: 33264426 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, whose prevalence is 2~3% in the population over 65. α-Synuclein aggregation is the major pathological hallmark of PD. However, recent studies have demonstrated enhancing evidence of tau pathology in PD. Despite extensive considerations, thus far, the actual spreading mechanism of neurodegeneration has remained elusive in a PD brain. This study aimed to further investigate the development of α-synuclein and tau pathology. We employed various PD models, including cultured neurons treated with either 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or with recombinant α-synuclein. Also, we studied dopaminergic neurons of cytokine Interferon-β knock-out. Moreover, we examined rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine, Rhesus monkeys administrated with MPTP neurotoxin, and finally, human post-mortem brains. We found the α-synuclein phosphorylation triggers tau pathogenicity. Also, we observed more widespread phosphorylated tau than α-synuclein with prion-like nature in various brain areas. We optionally removed P-tau or P-α-synuclein from cytokine interferon-β knock out with respective monoclonal antibodies. We found that tau immunotherapy suppressed neurodegeneration more than α-synuclein elimination. Our findings indicate that the pathogenic tau could be one of the leading causes of comprehensive neurodegeneration triggered by PD. Thus, we can propose an efficient therapeutic target to fight the devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hassan Akrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Massood Nabavi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Kang C, Sun R. Molecular Dynamics Study of the Interaction between the N-terminal of α-Synuclein and a Lipid Bilayer Mimicking Synaptic Vesicles. J Phys Chem B 2020; 125:1036-1048. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy
Mall, Honolulu 96822-2275, Hawaii, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 2545 McCarthy
Mall, Honolulu 96822-2275, Hawaii, United States
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29
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Ferrie JJ, Lengyel-Zhand Z, Janssen B, Lougee MG, Giannakoulias S, Hsieh CJ, Pagar VV, Weng CC, Xu H, Graham TJA, Lee VMY, Mach RH, Petersson EJ. Identification of a nanomolar affinity α-synuclein fibril imaging probe by ultra-high throughput in silico screening. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12746-12754. [PMID: 33889379 PMCID: PMC8047729 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that bind with high affinity and specificity to fibrils of the α-synuclein (αS) protein have the potential to serve as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probes to aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. To identify such molecules, we employed an ultra-high throughput in silico screening strategy using idealized pseudo-ligands termed exemplars to identify compounds for experimental binding studies. For the top hit from this screen, we used photo-crosslinking to confirm its binding site and studied the structure-activity relationship of its analogs to develop multiple molecules with nanomolar affinity for αS fibrils and moderate specificity for αS over Aβ fibrils. Lastly, we demonstrated the potential of the lead analog as an imaging probe by measuring binding to αS-enriched homogenates from mouse brain tissue using a radiolabeled analog of the identified molecule. This study demonstrates the validity of our powerful new approach to the discovery of PET probes for challenging molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Ferrie
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - Zsofia Lengyel-Zhand
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , USA
| | - Bieneke Janssen
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , USA
| | - Marshall G Lougee
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - Sam Giannakoulias
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , USA
| | - Vinayak Vishnu Pagar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
| | - Chi-Chang Weng
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , USA
| | - Hong Xu
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research , University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Thomas J A Graham
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research , University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , USA
| | - E James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA .
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Overhoff M, De Bruyckere E, Kononenko NL. Mechanisms of neuronal survival safeguarded by endocytosis and autophagy. J Neurochem 2020; 157:263-296. [PMID: 32964462 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple aspects of neuronal physiology crucially depend on two cellular pathways, autophagy and endocytosis. During endocytosis, extracellular components either unbound or recognized by membrane-localized receptors (termed "cargo") become internalized into plasma membrane-derived vesicles. These can serve to either recycle the material back to the plasma membrane or send it for degradation to lysosomes. Autophagy also uses lysosomes as a terminal degradation point, although instead of degrading the plasma membrane-derived cargo, autophagy eliminates detrimental cytosolic material and intracellular organelles, which are transported to lysosomes by means of double-membrane vesicles, referred to as autophagosomes. Neurons, like all non-neuronal cells, capitalize on autophagy and endocytosis to communicate with the environment and maintain protein and organelle homeostasis. Additionally, the highly polarized, post-mitotic nature of neurons made them adopt these two pathways for cell-specific functions. These include the maintenance of the synaptic vesicle pool in the pre-synaptic terminal and the long-distance transport of signaling molecules. Originally discovered independently from each other, it is now clear that autophagy and endocytosis are closely interconnected and share several common participating molecules. Considering the crucial role of autophagy and endocytosis in cell type-specific functions in neurons, it is not surprising that defects in both pathways have been linked to the pathology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we highlight the recent knowledge of the role of endocytosis and autophagy in neurons with a special focus on synaptic physiology and discuss how impairments in genes coding for autophagy and endocytosis proteins can cause neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Overhoff
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elodie De Bruyckere
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of rosmarinic acid on nervous system disorders: an updated review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:1779-1795. [PMID: 32725282 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the worldwide interest is growing to use medicinal plants and their active constituents to develop new potent medicines with fewer side effects. Precise dietary compounds have prospective beneficial applications for various neurodegenerative ailments. Rosmarinic acid is a polyphenol and is detectable most primarily in many Lamiaceae families, for instance, Rosmarinus officinalis also called rosemary. This review prepared a broad and updated literature review on rosmarinic acid elucidating its biological activities on some nervous system disorders. Rosmarinic acid has significant antinociceptive, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative effects. In this regard, we classified and discussed our findings in different nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, depression, Huntington's disease, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, spinal cord injury, stress, anxiety, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hosford PS, Ninkina N, Buchman VL, Smith JC, Marina N, SheikhBahaei S. Synuclein Deficiency Results in Age-Related Respiratory and Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Mice. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090583. [PMID: 32846874 PMCID: PMC7563345 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Synuclein (α, β, and γ) proteins are highly expressed in presynaptic terminals, and significant data exist supporting their role in regulating neurotransmitter release. Targeting the gene encoding α-synuclein is the basis of many animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the physiological role of this family of proteins in not well understood and could be especially relevant as interfering with accumulation of α-synuclein level has therapeutic potential in limiting PD progression. The long-term effects of their removal are unknown and given the complex pathophysiology of PD, could exacerbate other clinical features of the disease, for example dysautonomia. In the present study, we sought to characterize the autonomic phenotypes of mice lacking all synucleins (α, β, and γ; αβγ-/-) in order to better understand the role of synuclein-family proteins in autonomic function. We probed respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes in conscious and anesthetized, young (4 months) and aged (18-20 months) αβγ-/- male mice. Aged mice displayed impaired respiratory responses to both hypoxia and hypercapnia when breathing activities were recorded in conscious animals using whole-body plethysmography. These animals were also found to be hypertensive from conscious blood pressure recordings, to have reduced pressor baroreflex gain under anesthesia, and showed reduced termination of both pressor and depressor reflexes. The present data demonstrate the importance of synuclein in the normal function of respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Hosford
- Department of Neuroscience Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK; (P.S.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Natalia Ninkina
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.N.); (V.L.B.)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), 1 Severniy proezd, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vladimir L. Buchman
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (N.N.); (V.L.B.)
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), 1 Severniy proezd, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Jeffrey C. Smith
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Nephtali Marina
- Department of Neuroscience Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK; (P.S.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Shahriar SheikhBahaei
- Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Neuron-Glia Signaling and Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-496-4960; Fax: +1-301-496-1339
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ÇAKINA S, YÜCEL S, POLAT CÇ, ÖZTÜRK Ş. Huzursuz bacak sendromu olan multipl sklerozlu hastalarda alfa-sinüklein düzeyleri. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.674564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hou X, Watzlawik JO, Fiesel FC, Springer W. Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2651-2672. [PMID: 32061929 PMCID: PMC7211126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired protein homeostasis and accumulation of damaged or abnormally modified protein are common disease mechanisms in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). As one of the major degradation pathways, autophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining effective turnover of proteins and damaged organelles in cells. Several decades of research efforts led to insights into the potential contribution of impaired autophagy machinery to α-synuclein accumulation and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, two major features of PD pathology. In this review, we summarize recent pathological, genetic, and mechanistic findings that link defective autophagy with PD pathogenesis in human patients, animals, and cellular models and discuss current challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hou
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Initiation and propagation of α-synuclein aggregation in the nervous system. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:19. [PMID: 32143659 PMCID: PMC7060612 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The two main pathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease are loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and proteinaceous amyloid fibrils composed mostly of α-synuclein, called Lewy pathology. Levodopa to enhance dopaminergic transmission remains one of the most effective treatment for alleviating the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (Olanow, Mov Disord 34:812–815, 2019). In addition, deep brain stimulation (Bronstein et al., Arch Neurol 68:165, 2011) to modulate basal ganglia circuit activity successfully alleviates some motor symptoms. MRI guided focused ultrasound in the subthalamic nucleus is a promising therapeutic strategy as well (Martinez-Fernandez et al., Lancet Neurol 17:54–63, 2018). However, to date, there exists no treatment that stops the progression of this disease. The findings that α-synuclein can be released from neurons and inherited through interconnected neural networks opened the door for discovering novel treatment strategies to prevent the formation and spread of Lewy pathology with the goal of halting PD in its tracks. This hypothesis is based on discoveries that pathologic aggregates of α-synuclein induce the endogenous α-synuclein protein to adopt a similar pathologic conformation, and is thus self-propagating. Phase I clinical trials are currently ongoing to test treatments such as immunotherapy to prevent the neuron to neuron spread of extracellular aggregates. Although tremendous progress has been made in understanding how Lewy pathology forms and spreads throughout the brain, cell intrinsic factors also play a critical role in the formation of pathologic α-synuclein, such as mechanisms that increase endogenous α-synuclein levels, selective expression profiles in distinct neuron subtypes, mutations and altered function of proteins involved in α-synuclein synthesis and degradation, and oxidative stress. Strategies that prevent the formation of pathologic α-synuclein should consider extracellular release and propagation, as well as neuron intrinsic mechanisms.
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36
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Uzuegbunam BC, Librizzi D, Hooshyar Yousefi B. PET Radiopharmaceuticals for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis, the Current and Future Landscape. Molecules 2020; 25:E977. [PMID: 32098280 PMCID: PMC7070523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ironically, population aging which is considered a public health success has been accompanied by a myriad of new health challenges, which include neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), the incidence of which increases proportionally to age. Among them, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common, with the misfolding and the aggregation of proteins being common and causal in the pathogenesis of both diseases. AD is characterized by the presence of hyperphosphorylated τ protein (tau), which is the main component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and senile plaques the main component of which is β-amyloid peptide aggregates (Aβ). The neuropathological hallmark of PD is α-synuclein aggregates (α-syn), which are present as insoluble fibrils, the primary structural component of Lewy body (LB) and neurites (LN). An increasing number of non-invasive PET examinations have been used for AD, to monitor the pathological progress (hallmarks) of disease. Notwithstanding, still the need for the development of novel detection tools for other proteinopathies still remains. This review, although not exhaustively, looks at the timeline of the development of existing tracers used in the imaging of Aβ and important moments that led to the development of these tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damiano Librizzi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Behrooz Hooshyar Yousefi
- Nuclear Medicine Department, and Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
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Trudler D, Levy‐Barazany H, Nash Y, Samuel L, Sharon R, Frenkel D. Alpha synuclein deficiency increases CD4
+
T‐cells pro‐inflammatory profile in a Nurr1‐dependent manner. J Neurochem 2019; 152:61-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Trudler
- Department of Neurobiology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Hilit Levy‐Barazany
- Department of Neurobiology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yuval Nash
- Department of Neurobiology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Liron Samuel
- Department of Neurobiology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ronit Sharon
- Faculty of Medicine Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IMRIC The Hebrew University Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Dan Frenkel
- Department of Neurobiology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
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38
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Chung HK, Ho HA, Pérez-Acuña D, Lee SJ. Modeling α-Synuclein Propagation with Preformed Fibril Injections. J Mov Disord 2019; 12:139-151. [PMID: 31556259 PMCID: PMC6763716 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.19046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Postmortem analyses of α-syn pathology, especially that of PD, have suggested that aggregates progressively spread from a few discrete locations to wider brain regions. The neuron-to-neuron propagation of α-syn has been suggested to be the underlying mechanism by which aggregates spread throughout the brain. Many cellular and animal models has been created to study cell-to-cell propagation. Recently, it has been shown that a single injection of preformed fibrils (PFFs) made of recombinant α-syn proteins into various tissues and organs of many different animal species results in widespread α-syn pathology in the central nervous system (CNS). These PFF models have been extensively used to study the mechanism by which aggregates spread throughout the brain. Here, we review what we have learned from PFF models, describe the nature of PFFs and the neuropathological features, neurophysiological characteristics, and behavioral outcomes of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoang-Anh Ho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dayana Pérez-Acuña
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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39
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Rahimi-Balaei M, Buchok M, Vihko P, Parkinson FE, Marzban H. Loss of prostatic acid phosphatase and α-synuclein cause motor circuit degeneration without altering cerebellar patterning. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222234. [PMID: 31509576 PMCID: PMC6738605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), which is secreted by prostate, increases in some diseases such as prostate cancer. PAP is also present in the central nervous system. In this study we reveal that α-synuclein (Snca) gene is co-deleted/mutated in PAP null mouse. It is indicated that mice deficient in transmembrane PAP display neurological alterations. By using immunohistochemistry, cerebellar cortical neurons and zone and stripes pattern were studied in Pap-/- ;Snca-/- mouse cerebellum. We show that the Pap-/- ;Snca-/- cerebellar cortex development appears to be normal. Compartmentation genes expression such as zebrin II, HSP25, and P75NTR show the zone and stripe phenotype characteristic of the normal cerebellum. These data indicate that although aggregation of PAP and SNCA causes severe neurodegenerative diseases, PAP-/- with absence of the Snca does not appear to interrupt the cerebellar architecture development and zone and stripe pattern formation. These findings question the physiological and pathological role of SNCA and PAP during cerebellar development or suggest existence of the possible compensatory mechanisms in the absence of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi-Balaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew Buchok
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pirkko Vihko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fiona E. Parkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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40
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Liu Y, Tapia ML, Yeh J, He RC, Pomerleu D, Lee RK. Differential Gamma-Synuclein Expression in Acute and Chronic Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in the Retina and Optic Nerve. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:698-709. [PMID: 31463876 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We used genetic naturally occurring glaucoma (DBA/2J) and experimentally induced optic nerve crush (ONC) as models to study gamma-synuclein expression change in retinal ganglion cells and optic nerves. Gene chip microarray analysis demonstrated downregulated expression of the gamma-synuclein gene in DBA/2J mice as they developed age-associated glaucoma with concomitant with retinal ganglion cell loss. Real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunostaining results confirmed that the expression of gamma-synuclein at the mRNA and protein level was significantly reduced in the retinas and optic nerves of aged DBA/2J mice. We also observed similar reduced expression of gamma-synuclein in the retinas from mice after optic nerve crush. Surprisingly, the expression of gamma-synuclein was increased in optic nerves after crush. This is the first study demonstrating gamma-synuclein-expressing cells accumulate in the optic nerve crush site. Gamma-synuclein was found in axons colocalizing largely with neurofilaments in control mice without injury but was found inside cells within the scar in the crush site. Gamma-synuclein expression is predominantly expressed at the optic nerve crush site associated with CD68+ macrophage-like cells, not GFAP-expressing astroglial cells, suggesting gamma-synuclein expression is associated with glial scar formation inhibitory to optic nerve regeneration. We propose gamma-synuclein labels macrophage-like cells recruited to the site of acute optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Mary L Tapia
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Justin Yeh
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rossana Cheng He
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dustin Pomerleu
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Eye Surgery Associates, Vermont South Medical Centre, 645 Burwood Highway, Vermont South, Victoria, 3133, Australia
| | - Richard K Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Abstract
The past few years have resulted in an increased awareness and recognition of the prevalence and roles of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs and IDRs, respectively) in synaptic vesicle trafficking and exocytosis and in overall synaptic organization. IDPs and IDRs constitute a class of proteins and protein regions that lack stable tertiary structure, but nevertheless retain biological function. Their significance in processes such as cell signaling is now well accepted, but their pervasiveness and importance in other areas of biology are not as widely appreciated. Here, we review the prevalence and functional roles of IDPs and IDRs associated with the release and recycling of synaptic vesicles at nerve terminals, as well as with the architecture of these terminals. We hope to promote awareness, especially among neuroscientists, of the importance of this class of proteins in these critical pathways and structures. The examples discussed illustrate some of the ways in which the structural flexibility conferred by intrinsic protein disorder can be functionally advantageous in the context of cellular trafficking and synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Snead
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021
| | - David Eliezer
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021
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42
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Chung PJ, Zhang Q, Hwang HL, Leong A, Maj P, Szczygiel R, Dufresne EM, Narayanan S, Adams EJ, Lee KYC. α-Synuclein Sterically Stabilizes Spherical Nanoparticle-Supported Lipid Bilayers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1413-1419. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Chung
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hyeondo Luke Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alessandra Leong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Piotr Maj
- Department of Measurement and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków 30059, Poland
| | - Robert Szczygiel
- Department of Measurement and Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków 30059, Poland
| | - Eric M. Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Erin J. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ka Yee C. Lee
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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43
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Chen LL, Huang YJ, Cui JT, Song N, Xie J. Iron Dysregulation in Parkinson's Disease: Focused on the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:863-871. [PMID: 30590010 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Although both iron accumulation and a defective autophagy-lysosome pathway contribute to the pathological development of PD, the connection between these two causes is poorly documented. The autophagy-lysosome pathway not only responds to regulation by iron chelators and channels but also participates in cellular iron recycling through the degradation of ferritin and other iron-containing components. Previously, ferritin has been posited to be the bridge between iron accumulation and autophagy impairment in PD. In addition, iron directly interacts with α-synuclein in Lewy bodies, which are primarily digested through the autophagy-lysosome pathway. These findings indicate that some link exists between iron deposition and autophagy impairment in PD. In this review, the basic mechanisms of the autophagy-lysosome pathway and iron trafficking are introduced, and then their interaction under physiological conditions is explained. Finally, we finish by discussing the dysfunction of iron deposition and autophagy in PD, as well as their potential relationship, which will provide some insight for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Chen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yu-Jv Huang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jun-tao Cui
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Ning Song
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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Kuang G, Murugan NA, Ågren H. Mechanistic Insight into the Binding Profile of DCVJ and α-Synuclein Fibril Revealed by Multiscale Simulations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:610-617. [PMID: 30277753 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by abnormal α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation in Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites (LN), which makes α-syn an important imaging target for PD. An imaging probe that quantifies fibrillar α-syn can enhance the clinical diagnosis of PD and can also be used to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutics aimed at reducing the abnormal aggregation of the α-syn fibril in the brain. In this paper, we study the binding profile of fibrillar α-syn with a fluorescent probe 4-(dicyanovinyl)julolidine (DCVJ), which is being explored for identifying α-syn imaging agents. A multiscale simulation workflow including molecular docking, molecular dynamics, metadynamics, and QM/MM calculations was implemented. We find that DCVJ can bind to multiple sites of α-syn which are located either at the surface or in the core. Free energy calculations using implicit solvent models reveal that the most favorable binding mode for DCVJ is associated with the core binding site and is further confirmed by metadyamics simulation. Besides, a dynamic binding pathway is discovered, which reveals that DCVJ binds gradually into the core of the fibril passing through several intermediate states. The conformational arrest of the dicyano vinyl group in the fibrillar environment could explain the reason behind the fibril-specific fluorescence of DCVJ. Furthermore, based on hybrid QM/MM calculations, the molecular geometry of the dicyano vinyl group is found to be environment specific which explains why DCVJ serves as a staining agent for such fibrillar-like environments. Our results could be helpful for elucidating the binding mechanism of imaging tracers with the fibrillar form of α-syn and explain their fibrillar-specific optical properties, a knowledge that in turn can be used to guide the design and development of compounds with higher affinity and selectivity for α-syn using structure-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Kuang
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N. Arul Murugan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004P. R. China
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Wells C, Brennan SE, Keon M, Saksena NK. Prionoid Proteins in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:271. [PMID: 31780895 PMCID: PMC6861308 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that prionoid protein behaviors are a core element of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) that afflict humans. Common elements in pathogenesis, pathological effects and protein-level behaviors exist between Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These extend beyond the affected neurons to glial cells and processes. This results in a complicated system of disease progression, which often takes advantage of protective processes to promote the propagation of pathological protein aggregates. This review article provides a current snapshot of knowledge on these proteins and their intrinsic role in the pathogenesis and disease progression seen across NDs.
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Monteiro AFM, Viana JDO, Nayarisseri A, Zondegoumba EN, Mendonça Junior FJB, Scotti MT, Scotti L. Computational Studies Applied to Flavonoids against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7912765. [PMID: 30693065 PMCID: PMC6332933 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7912765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, are understood as occurring through genetic, cellular, and multifactor pathophysiological mechanisms. Several natural products such as flavonoids have been reported in the literature for having the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and slow the progression of such diseases. The present article reports on in silico enzymatic target studies and natural products as inhibitors for the treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In this study we evaluated 39 flavonoids using prediction of molecular properties and in silico docking studies, while comparing against 7 standard reference compounds: 4 for Parkinson's and 3 for Alzheimer's. Osiris analysis revealed that most of the flavonoids presented no toxicity and good absorption parameters. The Parkinson's docking results using selected flavonoids as compared to the standards with four proteins revealed similar binding energies, indicating that the compounds 8-prenylnaringenin, europinidin, epicatechin gallate, homoeriodictyol, capensinidin, and rosinidin are potential leads with the necessary pharmacological and structural properties to be drug candidates. The Alzheimer's docking results suggested that seven of the 39 flavonoids studied, being those with the best molecular docking results, presenting no toxicity risks, and having good absorption rates (8-prenylnaringenin, europinidin, epicatechin gallate, homoeriodictyol, aspalathin, butin, and norartocarpetin) for the targets analyzed, are the flavonoids which possess the most adequate pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex France M. Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Jéssika De O. Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In Silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Bioscience, Inodre - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, LeGene Biosciences, Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ernestine N. Zondegoumba
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Teaching and Research Management-University Hospital, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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47
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Hsieh CJ, Ferrie JJ, Xu K, Lee I, Graham TJA, Tu Z, Yu J, Dhavale D, Kotzbauer P, Petersson EJ, Mach RH. Alpha Synuclein Fibrils Contain Multiple Binding Sites for Small Molecules. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2521-2527. [PMID: 29750499 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrillary aggregation of the protein alpha synuclein (Asyn) is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease, and the identification of small molecule binding sites on fibrils is essential to the development of diagnostic imaging probes. A series of molecular modeling, photoaffinity labeling, mass spectrometry, and radioligand binding studies were conducted on Asyn fibrils. The results of these studies revealed the presence of three different binding sites within fibrillar Asyn capable of binding small molecules with moderate to high affinity. A knowledge of the amino acid residues in these binding sites will be important in the design of high affinity probes capable of imaging fibrillary species of Asyn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - John J. Ferrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Iljung Lee
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thomas J. A. Graham
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jennifer Yu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Dhruva Dhavale
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Paul Kotzbauer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - E. James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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48
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Dickson DW, Heckman MG, Murray ME, Soto AI, Walton RL, Diehl NN, van Gerpen JA, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Ertekin-Taner N, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford NR, Boeve BF, Bu G, Ferman TJ, Ross OA. APOE ε4 is associated with severity of Lewy body pathology independent of Alzheimer pathology. Neurology 2018; 91:e1182-e1195. [PMID: 30143564 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether APOE ε4 is associated with severity of Lewy body (LB) pathology, independently of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. METHODS Six hundred fifty-two autopsy-confirmed LB disease (LBD) cases and 660 clinical controls were genotyped for APOE. In case-control analysis, LBD cases were classified into 9 different groups according to severity of both LB pathology (brainstem, transitional, diffuse) and AD pathology (low, moderate, high) to assess associations between APOE ε4 and risk of different neuropathologically defined LBD subgroups in comparison to controls. In LBD cases only, we also measured LB counts from 5 cortical regions and evaluated associations with ε4 according to severity of AD pathology. RESULTS As expected, APOE ε4 was associated with an increased risk of transitional and diffuse LBD in cases with moderate or high AD pathology (all odds ratios ≥3.42, all p ≤ 0.004). Of note, ε4 was also associated with an increased risk of diffuse LBD with low AD pathology (odds ratio = 3.46, p = 0.001). In the low AD pathology LBD subgroup, ε4 was associated with significantly more LB counts in the 5 cortical regions, independently of Braak stage and Thal phase (all p ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that APOE ε4 is independently associated with a greater severity of LB pathology. These findings increase our understanding of the mechanism behind reported associations of ε4 with risk of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease with dementia, and suggest that ε4 may function as a modifier of processes that favor LB spread rather than acting directly to initiate LB pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Dickson
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael G Heckman
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Melissa E Murray
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alexandra I Soto
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ronald L Walton
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nancy N Diehl
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jay A van Gerpen
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David S Knopman
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Neill R Graff-Radford
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Guojun Bu
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tanis J Ferman
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Owen A Ross
- From the Department of Neuroscience (D.W.D., M.E.M., A.I.S., R.W., N.E.-T., G.B., O.A.R.), Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (M.G.H., N.N.D.), and Departments of Neurology (J.A.v.G., R.J.U., Z.K.W., N.E.-T., N.R.G.-R.) and Psychiatry and Psychology (T.J.F.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; and Department of Neurology (D.S.K., R.C.P., B.F.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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49
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Rutherford NJ, Dhillon JKS, Riffe CJ, Howard JK, Brooks M, Giasson BI. Comparison of the in vivo induction and transmission of α-synuclein pathology by mutant α-synuclein fibril seeds in transgenic mice. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4906-4915. [PMID: 29036344 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of many neurodegenerative diseases termed synucleinopathies, neuropathologically defined by inclusions containing aggregated α-synuclein (αS). αS gene (SNCA) mutations can directly cause autosomal dominant PD. In vitro studies demonstrated that SNCA missense mutations may either enhance or diminish αS aggregation but cross-seeding of mutant and wild-type αS proteins appear to reduce aggregation efficiency. Here, we extended these studies by assessing the effects of seeded αS aggregation in αS transgenic mice through intracerebral or peripheral injection of various mutant αS fibrils. We observed modestly decreased time to paralysis in mice transgenic for human A53T αS (line M83) intramuscularly injected with H50Q, G51D or A53E αS fibrils relative to wild-type αS fibrils. Conversely, E46K αS fibril seeding was significantly delayed and less efficient in the same experimental paradigm. However, the amount and distribution of αS inclusions in the central nervous system were similar for all αS fibril muscle injected mice that developed paralysis. Mice transgenic for human αS (line M20) injected in the hippocampus with wild-type, H50Q, G51D or A53E αS fibrils displayed induction of αS inclusion pathology that increased and spread over time. By comparison, induction of αS aggregation following the intrahippocampal injection of E46K αS fibrils in M20 mice was much less efficient. These findings show that H50Q, G51D or A53E can efficiently cross-seed and induce αS pathology in vivo. In contrast, E46K αS fibrils are intrinsically inefficient at seeding αS inclusion pathology. Consistent with previous in vitro studies, E46K αS polymers are likely distinct aggregated conformers that may represent a unique prion-like strain of αS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Rutherford
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - Jess-Karan S Dhillon
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - Cara J Riffe
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - Jasie K Howard
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - Mieu Brooks
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease
- Department of Neuroscience
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease
- Department of Neuroscience
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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50
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Fecchio C, Palazzi L, de Laureto PP. α-Synuclein and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Molecular Basis of the Interaction and Implication in Neurodegeneration. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071531. [PMID: 29941855 PMCID: PMC6099649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a 140-amino acid protein, the physiological function of which has yet to be clarified. It is involved in several neurodegenerative disorders, and the interaction of the protein with brain lipids plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are highly abundant in the brain where they play critical roles in neuronal membrane fluidity and permeability, serve as energy reserves and function as second messengers in cell signaling. PUFA concentration and composition in the brain are altered with age when also an increase of lipid peroxidation is observed. Considering that PD is clearly correlated with oxidative stress, PUFA abundance and composition became of great interest in neurodegeneration studies because of PUFA’s high propensity to oxidize. The high levels of the PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in brain areas containing α-syn inclusions in patients with PD further support the hypothesis of possible interactions between α-syn and DHA. Additionally, a possible functional role of α-syn in sequestering the early peroxidation products of fatty acids was recently proposed. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the molecular interactions between α-syn and fatty acids and the effect exerted by the protein on their oxidative state. We highlight recent findings supporting a neuroprotective role of the protein, linking α-syn, altered lipid composition in neurodegenerative disorders and PD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fecchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova; Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Luana Palazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, CRIBI, University of Padova; Padova 35131, Italy.
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