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Tarnowicz-Staniak N, Staniak M, Dudek M, Grzelczak M, Matczyszyn K. Thermoplasmonic Effect Enables Indirect ON-OFF Control over the Z-E Isomerization of Azobenzene-Based Photoswitch. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404755. [PMID: 39225377 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Proper formulation of systems containing plasmonic and photochromic units, such as gold nanoparticles and azobenzene derivatives, yields materials and interfaces with synergic functionalities. Moreover, gold nanoparticles are known to accelerate the Z-E isomerization of azobenzene molecules in the dark. However, very little is known about the light-driven, plasmon-assisted Z-E isomerization of azobenzene compounds. Additionally, most of the azobenzene-gold hybrids are prepared with nanoparticles of small, isotropic shapes and azobenzene ligands covalently linked to the surface of nanostructures. Herein, a formulation of an innovative system combining azobenzene derivative, gold nanorods, and cellulose nanofibers is proposed. The system's structural integrity relies on electrostatic interactions among components instead of covalent linkage. Cellulose, a robust scaffold, maintains the material's functionality in water and enables monitoring of the material's plasmonic-photochromic properties upon irradiation and at elevated temperatures without gold nanorods aggregation. Experimental evidence supported by statistical analysis suggests that the optical properties of plasmonic nanometal enable indirect control over the Z-E isomerization of the photochromic component with near-infrared irradiation by triggering the thermoplasmonic effect. The proposed hybrid material's dual plasmonic-photochromic functionality, versatility, and ease of processing render a convenient starting point for further advanced azobenzene-related research and 3D printing of macroscopic light-responsive structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Tarnowicz-Staniak
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, 50-370, Poland
| | - Mateusz Staniak
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Wrocław, pl. Grunwaldzki 2/4, Wrocław, 50-384, Poland
| | - Marta Dudek
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, 50-370, Poland
| | - Marek Grzelczak
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław, 50-370, Poland
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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Zhang B, Feng Y, Feng W. Azobenzene-Based Solar Thermal Fuels: A Review. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:138. [PMID: 35767090 PMCID: PMC9243213 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The energy storage mechanism of azobenzene is based on the transformation of molecular cis and trans isomerization, while NBD/QC, DHA/VHF, and fulvalene dimetal complexes realize the energy storage function by changing the molecular structure. Acting as "molecular batteries," they can exhibit excellent charging and discharging behavior by converting between trans and cis isomers or changing molecular structure upon absorption of ultraviolet light. Key properties determining the performance of STFs are stored energy, energy density, half-life, and solar energy conversion efficiency. This review is aiming to provide a comprehensive and authoritative overview on the recent advancements of azobenzene molecular photoswitch system in STFs fields, including derivatives and carbon nano-templates, which is emphasized for its attractive performance. Although the energy storage performance of Azo-STFs has already reached the level of commercial lithium batteries, the cycling capability and controllable release of energy still need to be further explored. For this, some potential solutions to the cycle performance are proposed, and the methods of azobenzene controllable energy release are summarized. Moreover, energy stored by STFs can be released in the form of mechanical energy, which in turn can also promote the release of thermal energy from STFs, implying that there could be a relationship between mechanical and thermal energy in Azo-STFs, providing a potential direction for further research on Azo-STFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
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Low-cost photo-switches based on stilbene-appended Zn(II)-terpyridine complexes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1125-1145. [PMID: 34449076 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis, characterization, photophysics, and photo-isomerization behaviors of three Zn(II)-terpyridine complexes of the type [Zn(tpy-pvp-X)2]2+ (X = H, Me, and NO2) covalently tethered with stilbene moiety. The complexes exhibit absorption bands stretching up to the edge of the visible domain due to ligand → ligand charge transfer (LLCT) transitions and strong emission at room temperature in the visible due to radiative deactivation of 3LLCT state having lifetime within 1.0-3.0 ns. The stilbene motifs in the complexes undergo trans to cis isomerization upon irradiating with UV and visible light accompanied by significant alteration of their absorption, emission, and 1H NMR spectral profiles. Apart from the variation of electron donating and electron withdrawing substituent (X), the isomerization studies were also carried out in three different solvents (DCM, MeCN, and DMSO) to further tune their kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. The rate, rate constant and quantum yield of isomerization were estimated in all the solvents. The reverse process (cis to trans) also occurs very slowly on keeping but could be accelerated upon heating. Trans to cis photoisomerization leads to quenching of emission in case of 1 and 2, whereas backward thermal cis to trans conversion leads to restoration of emission. By contrast, for the nitro-derivative (3) forward process induces emission enhancement, while backward process gives rise to emission quenching. In essence, "on-off" and "off-on" emission switching is feasible for 1 and 2, whereas "off-on" and "on-off" emission switching occurs in case of 3. Emission spectral responses upon successive action of photonic and thermal input lead to the fabrication of INHIBIT and IMPLICATION logic gates. DFT and TD-DFT computational investigations were also undertaken to visualize their electronic structures, correct assignment of the spectral bands, and mode of isomerization process.
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Mukherjee S, Pal P, Sahoo A, Baitalik S. Photo-switchable iron-terpyridine complexes functionalized with styrylbenzene unit. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Yano A, Sato Y, Dachimba K, Yano R. Catalysis of Thermal Isomerization of Methyl Yellow by Salts. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7956-7961. [PMID: 32309705 PMCID: PMC7161051 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cu2+ ions are reported to catalyze the thermal isomerization (TI) of cis-azobenzene. It was found that some alkali halides (NaCl, KCl, NaBr, and KBr) also catalyze the TI of 4-dimethylamino-azobenzene in ethanol. These tendencies were attributed to the interaction between the azo group and the cation based on experimental data and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Some Na salts (CH3COONa, Na2HPO4, and Na2SO3) were found to inhibit the TI of 4-dimethylamino-azobenzene in ethanol. It is inferred that the weak acid ions in these salts decrease the concentration of H+ ions that catalyze the TI process.
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Dolgopolov AV, Grafskaia KN, Bovsunovskaya PV, Melnikova ER, Ivanov DA, Pich A, Zhu X, Möller M. Aqueous microgels modified with photosensitive wedge-shaped amphiphilic molecules: synthesis, structure and photochemical behaviour. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1709-1715. [PMID: 31063533 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00044e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous microgels based on poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) with reversible temperature-induced volume transition are promising "smart" materials for various applications. In this work, the microgels are modified via acid-base interaction by wedge-shaped amphiphilic sulfonic acid molecules with alkyl chains of different lengths and an azobenzene group. In contrast to the pristine microgel the modified microgels retain colloidal stability in water and show different responses to the change of temperature and pH. The azobenzene group in the ligand molecules acts as a spectroscopic and kinetic probe sensing the microenvironment inside the microgel particles. Thus, the observed hyperchromicity upon heating suggests the enhancement of hydrophobicity with the increase of temperature. The hydrophobicity of the microgel interior increases with the increase of the modification degree as indicated by the increase of activation energy of the thermal Z/E isomerization of the azobenzene group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Dolgopolov
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. and Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry of RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstr. 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kseniia N Grafskaia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation and Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Polina V Bovsunovskaya
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation and Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Elina R Melnikova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation and Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russian Federation
| | - Dimitri A Ivanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation and Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russian Federation and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Leninskie Gory 1/51, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation and Institut de Science de Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361), 15 rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. and Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry of RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstr. 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. and Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry of RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstr. 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. and Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry of RWTH Aachen University, Forkenbeckstr. 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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7
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Mukherjee S, Pal P, Maity D, Baitalik S. Photophysics and luminescence switching properties of a series of photochromic styrylbenzene-terpyridine conjugate: Experimental and DFT/TD-DFT investigation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Dong L, Feng Y, Wang L, Feng W. Azobenzene-based solar thermal fuels: design, properties, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7339-7368. [PMID: 30168543 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of renewable energy technologies has been a significant area of research amongst scientists with the aim of attaining a sustainable world society. Solar thermal fuels that can capture, convert, store, and release solar energy in the form of heat through reversible photoisomerization of molecular photoswitches such as azobenzene derivatives are currently in the limelight of research. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art account on the recent advancements in solar thermal fuels based on azobenzene photoswitches. We begin with an overview on the importance of azobenzene-based solar thermal fuels and their fundamentals. Then, we highlight the recent advances in diverse azobenzene materials for solar thermal fuels such as pure azobenzene derivatives, nanocarbon-templated azobenzene, and polymer-templated azobenzene. The basic design concepts of these advanced solar energy storage materials are discussed, and their promising applications are highlighted. We then introduce the recent endeavors in the molecular design of azobenzene derivatives toward efficient solar thermal fuels, and conclude with new perspectives on the future scope, opportunities and challenges. It is expected that continuous pioneering research involving scientists and engineers from diverse technological backgrounds could trigger the rapid advancement of this important interdisciplinary field, which embraces chemistry, physics, engineering, nanoscience, nanotechnology, materials science, polymer science, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
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9
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Devi S, Saraswat M, Grewal S, Venkataramani S. Evaluation of Substituent Effect in Z-Isomer Stability of Arylazo-1H-3,5-dimethylpyrazoles: Interplay of Steric, Electronic Effects and Hydrogen Bonding. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4307-4322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Devi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S.Nagar, Manauli, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S.Nagar, Manauli, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Surbhi Grewal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S.Nagar, Manauli, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S.Nagar, Manauli, 140306 Punjab, India
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10
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Yano A, Konno Y, Kinoshita E, Yano R. Concentration dependence of thermal isomerization process of methyl orange in ethanol. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Bull JN, Scholz MS, Coughlan NJA, Kawai A, Bieske EJ. Monitoring Isomerization of Molecules in Solution Using Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11978-11981. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James N. Bull
- School
of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael S. Scholz
- School
of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Akio Kawai
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Evan J. Bieske
- School
of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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12
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Aggregation and Rheology of an Azobenzene-Functionalized Hydrophobically Modified Ethoxylated Urethane in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Lubbe AS, Kistemaker JCM, Smits EJ, Feringa BL. Solvent effects on the thermal isomerization of a rotary molecular motor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:26725-26735. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03571j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvent effects on a thermal isomerization process are explored using an exceptionally large data set and statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk S. Lubbe
- Center for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Jos C. M. Kistemaker
- Center for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Esther J. Smits
- Center for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Center for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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14
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Raimondo C, Kenens B, Reinders F, Mayor M, Uji-i H, Samorì P. Au nanoparticle scaffolds modulating intermolecular interactions among the conjugated azobenzenes chemisorbed on curved surfaces: tuning the kinetics of cis-trans isomerisation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:13836-9. [PMID: 26234482 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
π-π Intermolecular interactions among adjacent conjugated azobenzenes chemisorbed on (non-)flat Au surfaces can be tuned by varying the curvature of the Au nanoparticles. Here we show that such interactions rule the thermal cis-trans isomerization kinetics, towards a better control on the azobenzene bistability for its optimal integration as a responsive material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Raimondo
- ISIS & icFRC, University of Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Angelini G, Canilho N, Emo M, Kingsley M, Gasbarri C. Role of Solvent and Effect of Substituent on Azobenzene Isomerization by Using Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids as Reaction Media. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7430-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Angelini
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nadia Canilho
- Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506 Cedex, France
| | - Mélanie Emo
- Institut
J. Barriol, FR 2843, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54506 Cedex, France
| | - Molly Kingsley
- University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz
Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Carla Gasbarri
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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16
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Chen J, Kistemaker JCM, Robertus J, Feringa BL. Molecular stirrers in action. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14924-32. [PMID: 25254645 DOI: 10.1021/ja507711h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of first-generation light-driven molecular motors with rigid substituents of varying length was synthesized to act as "molecular stirrers". Their rotary motion was studied by (1)H NMR and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy in a variety of solvents with different polarity and viscosity. Quantitative analyses of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters show that the rotary speed is affected by the rigidity of the substituents and the length of the rigid substituents and that the differences in speed are governed by entropy effects. Most pronounced is the effect of solvent viscosity on the rotary motion when long, rigid substituents are present. The α values obtained by the free volume model, supported by DFT calculations, demonstrate that during the rotary process of the motor, as the rigid substituent becomes longer, an increased rearranging volume is needed, which leads to enhanced solvent displacement and retardation of the motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Joshi NK, Fuyuki M, Wada A. Polarity Controlled Reaction Path and Kinetics of Thermal Cis-to-Trans Isomerization of 4-Aminoazobenzene. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:1891-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4125205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Joshi
- Molecular Photoscience
Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masanori Fuyuki
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihide Wada
- Molecular Photoscience
Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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18
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Bahrenburg J, Renth F, Temps F, Plamper F, Richtering W. Femtosecond spectroscopy reveals huge differences in the photoisomerisation dynamics between azobenzenes linked to polymers and azobenzenes in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11549-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Surfactants are self-assembled compounds that depend on their structure and electric charge can interact as monomer or micelle with other compounds (substrates). These interactions which may catalyze or inhibit the reaction rates are studied with pseudophase, cooperativity, and stoichiometric (classical) models. In this review, we discuss applying these models to study surfactant-substrate interactions and their effects on Diels-Alder, redox, photochemical, decomposition, enzymatic, isomerization, ligand exchange, radical, and nucleophilic reactions.
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20
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Williams GOS, Chen JSY, Euser TG, Russell PSJ, Jones AC. Photonic crystal fibre as an optofluidic reactor for the measurement of photochemical kinetics with sub-picomole sensitivity. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3356-3361. [PMID: 22767267 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40062f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystal fibre constitutes an optofluidic system in which light can be efficiently coupled into a solution-phase sample, contained within the hollow core of the fibre, over long path-lengths. This provides an ideal arrangement for the highly sensitive monitoring of photochemical reactions by absorption spectroscopy. We report here the use of UV/vis spectroscopy to measure the kinetics of the photochemical and thermal cis-trans isomerisation of sub-picomole samples of two azo dyes within the 19-μm diameter core of a photonic crystal fibre, over a path length of 30 cm. Photoisomerisation quantum yields are the first reported for "push-pull" azobenzenes in solution at room temperature; such measurements are challenging because of the fast thermal isomerisation process. Rate constants obtained for thermal isomerisation are in excellent agreement with those established previously in conventional cuvette-based measurements. The high sensitivity afforded by this intra-fibre method enables measurements in solvents in which the dyes are too insoluble to permit conventional cuvette-based measurements. The results presented demonstrate the potential of photonic crystal fibres as optofluidic elements in lab-on-a-chip devices for photochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth O S Williams
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, King's Buildings, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
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21
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Hoffman DP, Mathies RA. Photoexcited structural dynamics of an azobenzene analog 4-nitro-4′-dimethylamino-azobenzene from femtosecond stimulated Raman. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6298-306. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23468h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Bahrenburg J, Röttger K, Siewertsen R, Renth F, Temps F. Sequential photoisomerisation dynamics of the push–pull azobenzene Disperse Red 1. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1210-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Wen S, Kohlstrunk B, Helmstedt M, Knoll H. Aggregation of 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-Sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine in Nonaqueous Solutions Studied by Spectroscopic and Kinetic Probe Molecules and Dynamic Light Scattering. Z PHYS CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.218.4.425.29197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aggregation behavior of 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) in the nonaqueous solvents formamide (FA) and 3-hydroxypropionitrile (HPN) has been studied. UV/Vis absorption maximum λmax and thermal cis → trans isomerization rate constant k
iso of an azo dye, as well as fluorescence intensity ratios I
M/I
E of monomer and excimer, and the excimer lifetime τE of two dipyrenyl compounds as probe molecules have been determined. For comparison, aggregation of the amphiphile POPC molecules was followed “probe-free” by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Combining the results of probe molecule studies and DLS it turned out that the critical aggregation concentration of POPC in FA < 0.05mmol dm−3. At ≥ 0.2mmol dm−3, aggregates have hydrodynamic radii 30 < R
h < 80nm and high microviscosity in their hydrocarbon interior. A vesicle-like structure of the aggregates can therefore be assumed. Aggregation behavior of POPC in HPN is much less pronounced, essentially small aggregates with radii of a few nanometer have been detected which include solvent molecules.
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Abstract
SU5416 (Z-isomer), the first in its class of angiogenesis inhibitors, in solution converts to the E-isomer following light exposure and reverts to the Z-isomer in the dark. Kinetics of this Z-E isomerism in pharmaceutical media is reported. Analytical solutions need light protection at 5 degrees C to maintain integrity. While E-isomer in light-exposed product increased to 0.9% in 24 hours, light-protected product showed no change (25 degrees C, 18 months). Infusate studies indicated that < 1.9% E-isomer will be dosed to patients and would likely convert to the Z-isomer, following administration. This report implies Z-E isomerism in SU5416 is controllable with no limitations towards ensuring pharmaceutical product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Sistla
- Pfizer Inc., 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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25
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Knoll H. Effects of unidirectional and mutual interactions between microstructures and azo dyes as “kinetic” probe molecules on cis→trans isomerization rate constants in aqueous P85 and F88 triblock copolymer solutions. INT J CHEM KINET 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Kuiper JM, Stuart MCA, Engberts JBFN. Photochemically induced disturbance of the alkyl chain packing in vesicular membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:426-432. [PMID: 18067338 DOI: 10.1021/la702892m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In previous reports, we presented the synthesis and properties of double-tailed azobenzene-substituted phosphate amphiphiles (Kuiper et al. Synthesis 2003, 695 and Kuiper et al. Langmuir 2004, 20, 1152). We also reported that an ion channel can be regulated by trans-cis isomerization of these amphiphiles, which were incorporated in the membrane (Folgering et al. Langmuir 2004, 20, 6985). In the present study, the effect of trans-cis isomerization of both single- and double-tailed azobenzene-substituted amphiphiles on the aggregation and packing behavior has been studied. The phase transition temperature of a membrane and the thermal half-life times of the cis azobenzene-substituted amphiphiles in membranes have been measured. Furthermore, the synthesis and properties of single-tailed azobenzene-substituted phosphate amphiphiles are described and compared with those of the double-tailed analogues. The single-tailed azobenzene-substituted phosphates have a low solubility in water and form micelles, sheets, and crystals. In all cases the trans-cis isomerization leads to a disturbance of the chain packing. Both single- and double-tailed cis azobenzene-substituted phosphates lowered the main phase transition temperature of bilayer membranes. The effect increased when the azobenzene moiety was situated closer to the head group. Accordingly, the half-life times of the cis azobenzene group was shorter when the azobenzene group was positioned closer to the head group for both the single- and double-tailed amphiphiles. Interestingly, the thermal cis-trans isomerization of the single-tailed azobenzene-substituted phosphates was faster in a DOPC membrane than that for the free monomer in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Kuiper
- Physical Organic Chemistry Unit, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Poprawa-Smoluch M, Baggerman J, Zhang H, Maas HPA, De Cola L, Brouwer AM. Photoisomerization of Disperse Red 1 Studied with Transient Absorption Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:11926-37. [PMID: 17064180 DOI: 10.1021/jp054982b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photoisomerization of the push-pull substituted azo dye Disperse Red 1 is studied using femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy and other spectroscopic and computational techniques. In comparison with azobenzene, the pipi* state is more stabilized by the effects of push-pull substitution than the npi* state, but the latter is probably still the lowest in energy. This conclusion is based on the kinetics, anisotropy of the excited state absorption spectrum, the spectra of the ground states, and quantum chemical calculations. The S(1)(npi*) state is formed from the initially excited pipi* state in <0.2 ps, and decays to the ground state with time constants of 0.9 ps in toluene, 0.5 ps in acetonitrile, and 1.4 ps in ethylene glycol. Thermal isomerization transforms the Z isomer produced to the more stable E isomer with time constants of 29 s (toluene), 28 ms (acetonitrile), and 2.7 ms (ethylene glycol). The pathway of photoisomerization is likely to be rotation about the N=N bond. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that along the inversion pathway ground and excited state energy surfaces remain well separated, whereas rotation leads to a region where conical intersections can occur. For the ground-state Z to E isomerization, conclusive evidence is lacking, but inversion is more probably the favored pathway in the push-pull substituted systems than in the parent azobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Poprawa-Smoluch
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sistla A, Yang WL, Shenoy N. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of reversible isomers of SU5416. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1110:73-80. [PMID: 16472814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Revised: 01/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SU5416 shows light-induced reversible geometric isomerism. A simple, reliable, isocratic HPLC method using an UV-vis detector at lambda(425nm) was developed. The method provides efficient (R(S)=3.5) analysis of the two isomers with retention of the isomeric integrity. Additionally, the method has linearity over a wide range (50-1000microg/mL, r(2)=0.99), is accurate (99-102%, RSD <4%), and reproducible (RSD <0.8%). The method was used for analyzing pharmaceutical samples and understanding the kinetics of SU5416 isomers in methanol. In addition, this method can be used for quantifying the non-isolatable E-isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Sistla
- Formulations Research, SUGEN Inc., 230 S. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Wen S, Knoll D, Knoll H. Comparison of the characteristic behavior of two azo dyes on temperature dependent microstructure changes in micelles and vesicles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 291:244-50. [PMID: 15964578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2004] [Revised: 04/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The new hydrophobic azo dye 4-(N-phenyl-N-decylamino)-4'-nitroazobenzene (AzoC10) has been synthesized. It is compared with 4-(N-phenylamino)-4'-nitroazobenzene (Azo) in terms of reactivity (k(iso) of the thermal cis-->trans isomerization, microsecond flash photolysis) and of the solvatochromic behavior (lambda(max) of the trans-isomer, UV/vis absorption), respectively, within membrane mimeting amphiphile microstructures in aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide)(m)-poly(propylene oxide)(n)-poly(ethylene oxide)(m) micelles and of extruded vesicles. The temperature-induced micelle formation and phase transitions in bilayers of vesicles, respectively, caused characteristic discontinuous changes of k(iso) and lambda(max) with temperature. They differ between the two dyes due to their different solubilization sites and different impact on their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Wen
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Wen S, Helmstedt M, Knoll H. Microenvironmental differences and changes in bilayers of unilamellar vesicles probed by spectroscopic and kinetic parameters. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 278:488-96. [PMID: 15450471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The UV/Vis absorption band maximum lambdamax of trans-4,4'-nitrophenylaminoazobenzene, the thermal isomerization rate constant kiso of its cis-isomer, the fluorescence intensity ratio of monomer and excimer, and the fluorescence lifetime of the excimer, respectively, of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane were determined as probes for polarity, water content, and viscosity, respectively, in unilamellar vesicles of di-n-alkyl-dimethylammonium bromides and 1,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines. The dependence on vesicle size, the solvent (water or HEPES buffer/NaCl solution, each with H2O or D2O), and the temperature (20-60 degrees C) was studied. Apparent Arrhenius activation energies and kinetic solvent isotope effects (KSIE = kiso,H2O/kiso, D2O) were derived. Size and stability of the vesicles prepared by extrusion were controlled by dynamic light scattering. The probe properties clearly indicate the reversibly decreasing size of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide vesicles with increasing temperature but are insensitive against vesicles size variation in most other cases. In the temperature range of the main phase transition of the bilayers, changes of the microenvironment of the probes, and their changing position in the bilayer, respectively, are reflected by characteristic changes of their properties. Buffer/NaCl solution causes vanishing influence of the lipid chain but remaining difference between cationic and zwitterionic headgroups probed by means of kiso.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wen
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Photochemistry of the amine-sensor dye 4-N,N-dioctylamino-4′-trifluoroacetylazobenzene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schmidt B, Sobotta C, Malkmus S, Laimgruber S, Braun M, Zinth W, Gilch P. Femtosecond Fluorescence and Absorption Dynamics of an Azobenzene with a Strong Push−Pull Substitution. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0495747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Schmidt
- Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, D-80538 München, Germany
| | - C. Sobotta
- Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, D-80538 München, Germany
| | - S. Malkmus
- Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, D-80538 München, Germany
| | - S. Laimgruber
- Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, D-80538 München, Germany
| | - M. Braun
- Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, D-80538 München, Germany
| | - W. Zinth
- Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, D-80538 München, Germany
| | - P. Gilch
- Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, D-80538 München, Germany
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Azo- and quinone-conjugated redox complexes—photo- and proton-coupled intramolecular reactions based on d–π interaction. Coord Chem Rev 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(01)00421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yutaka T, Mori I, Kurihara M, Mizutani J, Kubo K, Furusho S, Matsumura K, Tamai N, Nishihara H. Synthesis, characterization, and photochemical properties of azobenzene-conjugated Ru(II) and Rh(III) bis(terpyridine) complexes. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:4986-95. [PMID: 11531448 DOI: 10.1021/ic010351u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized azobenzene-conjugated bis(terpyridine) Ru(II) and Rh(III) mononuclear and dinuclear complexes and investigated their photochemical properties on excitation of the azo pi-pi band upon 366 nm light irradiation. The Ru mononuclear complex underwent trans-to-cis photoisomerization to reach the photostationary state with only 20% of the cis form, while the Ru dinuclear complex did not isomerize at all photochemically. On the other hand, the mononuclear and dinuclear Rh complexes showed almost complete trans-to-cis photoisomerization behavior. Cis forms of the Rh complexes thermally returned to the trans form at a much slower rate than those of organic azobenzenes, but they did not isomerize photochemically. The reduction potential of the cis forms was 80 mV more negative than that of the trans forms. The photoisomerization quantum yields of the Rh complexes were strongly dependent on the polarity, viscosity, and donor site of the solvents as well as the size of the counterions. We investigated the photoisomerization process of these complexes using femtosecond absorption spectroscopy. For the Rh complexes, we observed S(n) <-- S(2) and S(n) <-- S(1) absorption bands similar to those of organic azobenzenes. For the Ru complexes, we observed very fast bleaching of the MLCT band of the Ru complex, which indicated that the energy transfer pathway to the MLCT was the primary cause of the depressed photoisomerization. The electronic structures, which were estimated from ZINDO molecular orbital calculation, supported the different photochemical reaction behavior between the Ru and Rh complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yutaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Yutaka T, Kurihara M, Kubo K, Nishihara H. Novel photoisomerization behavior of Rh binuclear complexes involving an azobenzene-bridged bis(terpyridine) ligand. Strong effects of counterion and solvent and the induction of redox potential shift. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:3438-9. [PMID: 11196799 DOI: 10.1021/ic000123k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Yutaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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