1
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Shi L, Ura K, Takagi Y. Effects of self-assembled type II collagen fibrils on the morphology and growth of pre-chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2024; 6:100450. [PMID: 38444516 PMCID: PMC10914481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2024.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Although type II collagen could have marked potential for developing cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) scaffolds, its erratic supply and viscous nature have limited these studies, and there are no studies on the use of marine-derived type II collagen fibrils for CTE scaffold materials. In this study, we aimed to generate a fibril-based, thin-layered scaffold from marine-derived type II collagen and investigate its chondrogenic potential. Methods Time-lapse observations revealed the cell adhesion process. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to detect proliferation and filopodium morphology. Alcian blue staining was used to show the deposition of extracellular secretions, and qRT-PCR was performed to reveal the expression levels of chondrogenesis-related genes. Results The cell adhesion speed was similar in both fibril-coated and control molecule-coated groups, but the cellular morphology, proliferation, and chondrogenesis activity differed. On fibrils, more elongated finer filopodia showed inter-cell communications, whereas the slower proliferation suggested an altered cell cycle. Extracellular secretions occurred before day 14 and continued until day 28 on fibrils, and on fibrils, the expression of the chondrogenesis-related genes Sox9 (p < 0.001), Col10a1 (p < 0.001), Acan (p < 0.001), and Col2a1 (p = 0.0049) was significantly upregulated on day 21. Conclusion Marine-derived type II collagen was, for the first time, fabricated into a fibril state. It showed rapid cellular affinity and induced chondrogenesis with extracellular secretions. We presented a new model for studying chondrogenesis in vitro and a potential alternative material for cell-laden CTE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Shi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ura
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Takagi
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
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2
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Petitjean N, Canadas P, Royer P, Noël D, Le Floc'h S. Cartilage biomechanics: From the basic facts to the challenges of tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 111:1067-1089. [PMID: 36583681 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) is the thin tissue that covers the long bone ends in the joints and that ensures the transmission of forces between adjacent bones while allowing nearly frictionless movements between them. AC repair is a technologic and scientific challenge that has been addressed with numerous approaches. A major deadlock is the capacity to take in account its complex mechanical properties in repair strategies. In this review, we first describe the major mechanical behaviors of AC for the non-specialists. Then, we show how researchers have progressively identified specific mechanical parameters using mathematical models. There are still gaps in our understanding of some of the observations concerning AC biomechanical properties, particularly the differences in extracellular matrix stiffness measured at the microscale and at the millimetric scale. Nevertheless, for bioengineering applications, AC repair strategies must take into account what are commonly considered the main mechanical features of cartilage: its ability to withstand high stresses through three main behaviors (elasticity, poroelasticity and swelling). Finally, we emphasize that future studies need to investigate AC mechanical properties at different scales, particularly the gradient of mechanical properties around cells and across the cartilage depth, and the differences in mechanical properties at different scales. This multi-scale approach could greatly enhance the success of AC restorative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascale Royer
- LMGC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Disease Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU Montpellier, France
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3
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Gao C, Song S, Lv Y, Huang J, Zhang Z. Recent Development of Conductive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering: Review and Perspective. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200051. [PMID: 35472125 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, tissue engineering techniques have been rapidly developed and offer a new therapeutic approach to organ or tissue damage repair. However, most of tissue engineering scaffolds are nonconductive and cannot establish effective electrical coupling with tissue for the electroactive tissues. Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) have received increasing attention in tissue engineering owing to their electroconductivity, biocompatibility and high water content. In vitro, ECHs can not only promote the communication of electrical signals between cells, but also mediate the adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of different kinds of cells. In vivo, ECHs can transmit the electric signal to electroactive tissues and activate bioelectrical signaling pathways to promote tissue repair. As a result, implanting ECHs into damaged tissues can effectively reconstruct physiological functions related to electrical conduction. In this review, we first present an overview about the classifications and the fabrication methods of ECHs. And then, the applications of ECHs in tissue engineering, including cardiac, nerve, skin and skeletal muscle tissue, are highlighted. At last, we provide some rational guidelines for designing ECHs towards clinical applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoshuai Song
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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4
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Sakhrani N, Lee AJ, Murphy LA, Kenawy HM, Visco CJ, Ateshian GA, Shah RP, Hung CT. Toward Development of a Diabetic Synovium Culture Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:825046. [PMID: 35265601 PMCID: PMC8899218 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.825046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation and inflammation of synovium, the specialized connective tissue that envelops the diarthrodial joint. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is often found in OA patients, with nearly double the incidence of arthritis reported in patients with diabetes (52%) than those without it (27%). The correlation between OA and DM has been attributed to similar risk factors, namely increasing age and joint loading due to obesity. However, a potential causative link is not well understood due to comorbidities involved with treating diabetic patients, such as high infection rates and poor healing response caused by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperglycemic and insulin culture conditions on synovium properties. It was hypothesized that modeling hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance in synovium would provide novel insights of OA pathogenesis in DM patients. To simulate DM in the synovial joint, healthy synovium was preconditioned in either euglycemic (EG) or hyperglycemic (HG) glucose concentrations with insulin in order to induce the biological response of the diseased phenotype. Synovium biochemical composition was evaluated to determine ECM remodeling under hyperglycemic culture conditions. Concurrent changes in AKT phosphorylation, a signaling pathway implicated in insulin resistance, were measured along with gene expression data for insulin receptors, glucose transporters, and specific glycolysis markers involved in glucose regulation. Since fluid shear stress arising during joint articulation is a relevant upstream stimulus for fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), the predominant cell type in synovium, FLS mechanotransduction was evaluated via intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). Incidence and length of primary cilia, a critical effector of cell mechanosensing, were measured as potential mechanisms to support differences in [Ca2+]i responses. Hyperglycemic culture conditions decreased collagen and GAG content compared to EG groups, while insulin recovered ECM constituents. FLS mechanosensitivity was significantly greater in EG and insulin conditions compared to HG and non-insulin treated groups. Hyperglycemic treatment led to decreased incidence and length of primary cilia and decreased AKT phosphorylation, providing possible links to the mechanosensing response and suggesting a potential correlation between glycemic culture conditions, diabetic insulin resistance, and OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sakhrani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andy J Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lance A Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hagar M Kenawy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher J Visco
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roshan P Shah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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5
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Shestovskaya MV, Bozhkova SA, Sopova JV, Khotin MG, Bozhokin MS. Methods of Modification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Conditions of Their Culturing for Hyaline Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111666. [PMID: 34829895 PMCID: PMC8615732 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for tissue engineering of hyaline cartilage is a topical area of regenerative medicine that has already entered clinical practice. The key stage of this procedure is to create conditions for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, increase the synthesis of hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix proteins by these cells and activate their proliferation. The first such works consisted in the indirect modification of cells, namely, in changing the conditions in which they are located, including microfracturing of the subchondral bone and the use of 3D biodegradable scaffolds. The most effective methods for modifying the cell culture of MSCs are protein and physical, which have already been partially introduced into clinical practice. Genetic methods for modifying MSCs, despite their effectiveness, have significant limitations. Techniques have not yet been developed that allow studying the effectiveness of their application even in limited groups of patients. The use of MSC modification methods allows precise regulation of cell culture proliferation, and in combination with the use of a 3D biodegradable scaffold, it allows obtaining a hyaline-like regenerate in the damaged area. This review is devoted to the consideration and comparison of various methods used to modify the cell culture of MSCs for their use in regenerative medicine of cartilage tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Shestovskaya
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Svetlana A. Bozhkova
- Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Academica Baykova Str., 8, 195427 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja Emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail G. Khotin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Mikhail S. Bozhokin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.V.S.); (J.V.S.); (M.G.K.)
- Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Academica Baykova Str., 8, 195427 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Bielajew BJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Collagen: quantification, biomechanics, and role of minor subtypes in cartilage. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2020; 5:730-747. [PMID: 33996147 PMCID: PMC8114887 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-020-0213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is a ubiquitous biomaterial in vertebrate animals. Although each of its 28 subtypes contributes to the functions of many different tissues in the body, most studies on collagen or collagenous tissues have focussed on only one or two subtypes. With recent developments in analytical chemistry, especially mass spectrometry, significant advances have been made toward quantifying the different collagen subtypes in various tissues; however, high-throughput and low-cost methods for collagen subtype quantification do not yet exist. In this Review, we introduce the roles of collagen subtypes and crosslinks, and describe modern assays that enable a deep understanding of tissue physiology and disease states. Using cartilage as a model tissue, we describe the roles of major and minor collagen subtypes in detail; discuss known and unknown structure-function relationships; and show how tissue engineers may harness the functional characteristics of collagen to engineer robust neotissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Bielajew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Jerry C. Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
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7
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Gao F, Jiang M, Liang W, Fang X, Bai F, Zhou Y, Lang M. Co‐electrospun cellulose diacetate‐graft‐poly(ethylene terephthalate) and collagen composite nanofibrous mats for cells culture. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of biotechnologyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangchen Fang
- Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and PetrochemicalsSINOPEC Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Fudong Bai
- Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and PetrochemicalsSINOPEC Liaoning People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of biotechnologyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Meidong Lang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
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8
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Jo YK, Lee D. Biopolymer Microparticles Prepared by Microfluidics for Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903736. [PMID: 31559690 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers are macromolecules that are derived from natural sources and have attractive properties for a plethora of biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low antigenicity, and high bioactivity. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful approach for fabricating polymeric microparticles (MPs) with designed structures and compositions through precise manipulation of multiphasic flows at the microscale. The synergistic combination of materials chemistry afforded by biopolymers and precision provided by microfluidic capabilities make it possible to design engineered biopolymer-based MPs with well-defined physicochemical properties that are capable of enabling an efficient delivery of therapeutics, 3D culture of cells, and sensing of biomolecules. Here, an overview of microfluidic approaches is provided for the design and fabrication of functional MPs from three classes of biopolymers including polysaccharides, proteins, and microbial polymers, and their advances for biomedical applications are highlighted. An outlook into the future research on microfluidically-produced biopolymer MPs for biomedical applications is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kee Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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9
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Salehi S, Koeck K, Scheibel T. Spider Silk for Tissue Engineering Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E737. [PMID: 32046280 PMCID: PMC7037138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its properties, such as biodegradability, low density, excellent biocompatibility and unique mechanics, spider silk has been used as a natural biomaterial for a myriad of applications. First clinical applications of spider silk as suture material go back to the 18th century. Nowadays, since natural production using spiders is limited due to problems with farming spiders, recombinant production of spider silk proteins seems to be the best way to produce material in sufficient quantities. The availability of recombinantly produced spider silk proteins, as well as their good processability has opened the path towards modern biomedical applications. Here, we highlight the research on spider silk-based materials in the field of tissue engineering and summarize various two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds made of spider silk. Finally, different applications of spider silk-based materials are reviewed in the field of tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Salehi
- Department for Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Strasse 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (K.K.)
| | - Kim Koeck
- Department for Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Strasse 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (K.K.)
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department for Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Strasse 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany (K.K.)
- The Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- The Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- The Bayreuth Materials Center (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Estell EG, Silverstein AM, Stefani RM, Lee AJ, Murphy LA, Shah RP, Ateshian GA, Hung CT. Cartilage Wear Particles Induce an Inflammatory Response Similar to Cytokines in Human Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1979-1987. [PMID: 31062877 PMCID: PMC6834361 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The synovium plays a key role in the development of osteoarthritis, as evidenced by pathological changes to the tissue observed in both early and late stages of the disease. One such change is the attachment of cartilage wear particles to the synovial intima. While this phenomenon has been well observed clinically, little is known of the biological effects that such particles have on resident cells in the synovium. The present work investigates the hypothesis that cartilage wear particles elicit a pro-inflammatory response in diseased and healthy human fibroblast-like synoviocytes, like that induced by key cytokines in osteoarthritis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from 15 osteoarthritic human donors and a subset of three non-osteoarthritic donors were exposed to cartilage wear particles, interleukin-1α or tumor necrosis factor-α for 6 days and analyzed for proliferation, matrix production, and release of pro-inflammatory mediators and degradative enzymes. Wear particles significantly increased proliferation and release of nitric oxide, interleukin-6 and -8, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, -10, and -13 in osteoarthritic synoviocytes, mirroring the effects of both cytokines, with similar trends in non-osteoarthritic cells. These results suggest that cartilage wear particles are a relevant physical factor in the osteoarthritic environment, perpetuating the pro-inflammatory and pro-degradative cascade by modulating synoviocyte behavior at early and late stages of the disease. Future work points to therapeutic strategies for slowing disease progression that target cell-particle interactions. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1979-1987, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eben G. Estell
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY
| | | | - Robert M. Stefani
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY
| | - Andy J. Lee
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY
| | - Lance A. Murphy
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY
| | - Roshan P. Shah
- Columbia University, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York, NY
| | | | - Clark T. Hung
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY,Corresponding Author: Clark T. Hung, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, Mail Code: 8904, New York, NY 10027, Phone: +1 212-854-6542, Fax: +1 212-854-8725,
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11
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Stefani RM, Halder SS, Estell EG, Lee AJ, Silverstein AM, Sobczak E, Chahine NO, Ateshian GA, Shah RP, Hung CT. A Functional Tissue-Engineered Synovium Model to Study Osteoarthritis Progression and Treatment. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:538-553. [PMID: 30203722 PMCID: PMC6482911 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The synovium envelops the diarthrodial joint and plays a key regulatory role in defining the composition of the synovial fluid through filtration and biosynthesis of critical boundary lubricants. Synovium changes often precede cartilage damage in osteoarthritis. We describe a novel in vitro tissue engineered model, validated against native synovium explants, to investigate the structure-function of synovium through quantitative solute transport measures. Synovium was evaluated in the presence of a proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1, or the clinically relevant corticosteroid, dexamethasone. We anticipate that a better understanding of synovium transport would support efforts to develop more effective strategies aimed at restoring joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Saiti S. Halder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Eben G. Estell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Andy J. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Amy M. Silverstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Evie Sobczak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nadeen O. Chahine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gerard A. Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Roshan P. Shah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
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12
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Querido W, Falcon JM, Kandel S, Pleshko N. Vibrational spectroscopy and imaging: applications for tissue engineering. Analyst 2017; 142:4005-4017. [PMID: 28956032 PMCID: PMC5653442 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) approaches strive to regenerate or replace an organ or tissue. The successful development and subsequent integration of a TE construct is contingent on a series of in vitro and in vivo events that result in an optimal construct for implantation. Current widely used methods for evaluation of constructs are incapable of providing an accurate compositional assessment without destruction of the construct. In this review, we discuss the contributions of vibrational spectroscopic assessment for evaluation of tissue engineered construct composition, both during development and post-implantation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the mid and near-infrared range, as well as Raman spectroscopy, are intrinsically label free, can be non-destructive, and provide specific information on the chemical composition of tissues. Overall, we examine the contribution that vibrational spectroscopy via fiber optics and imaging have to tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Querido
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Silverstein AM, Stefani RM, Sobczak E, Tong EL, Attur MG, Shah RP, Bulinski JC, Ateshian GA, Hung CT. Toward understanding the role of cartilage particulates in synovial inflammation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1353-1361. [PMID: 28365462 PMCID: PMC5554538 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arthroscopy with lavage and synovectomy can remove tissue debris from the joint space and the synovial lining to provide pain relief to patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we developed an in vitro model to study the interaction of cartilage wear particles with fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to better understand the interplay of cartilage particulates with cytokines on cells of the synovium. METHOD In this study sub-10 μm cartilage particles or 1 μm latex particles were co-cultured with FLS ±10 ng/mL interleukin-1α (IL-1α) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Samples were analyzed for DNA, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and collagen, and media samples were analyzed for media GAG, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2). The nature of the physical interaction between the particles and FLS was determined by microscopy. RESULTS Both latex and cartilage particles could be phagocytosed by FLS. Cartilage particles were internalized and attached to the surface of both dense monolayers and individual cells. Co-culture of FLS with cartilage particulates resulted in a significant increase in cell sheet DNA and collagen content as well as NO and PGE2 synthesis compared to control and latex treated groups. CONCLUSION The proliferative response of FLS to cartilage wear particles resulted in an overall increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) content, analogous to the thickening of the synovial lining observed in OA patients. Understanding how cartilage particles interface with the synovium may provide insight into how this interaction contributes to OA progression and may guide the role of lavage and synovectomy for degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Silverstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert M. Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evie Sobczak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric L. Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mukundan G. Attur
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine and NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roshan P. Shah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Chloe Bulinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard A. Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Wang Y, Wei P, Weng W. Characteristics and Select Functional Properties of Collagen from Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) Skins. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2017.1354344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peixiao Wei
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wuyin Weng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen, China
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15
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Dahl SLM, Koh J, Prabhakar V, Niklason LE. Decellularized Native and Engineered Arterial Scaffolds for Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2017; 12:659-666. [DOI: 10.3727/000000003108747136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 570,000 coronary artery bypass grafts are implanted each year, creating an important demand for small-diameter vascular grafts. For patients who lack adequate internal mammary artery or saphenous vein, tissue-engineered arteries may prove useful. However, the time needed to tissue engineer arteries (7 weeks or more) is too long for many patients. Decellularized cadaveric human arteries are another possible source of vascular conduit, but limited availability and the potential for disease transmission limit their widespread use. In contrast, decellularized tissue-engineered arteries could serve as grafts for immediate implantation, as scaffolds onto which patients' cells could be seeded, or as carriers for genetically engineered cells to aid cell transplantation. The goal of this study was to quantify the effects of decellularization on vascular matrix and mechanical properties. Specifically, we compared cellular elimination, extracellular matrix retention, and mechanical characteristics of porcine carotid arteries before and after treatment with three decellularization methods. In addition, for the first time, tissue-engineered arteries were decellularized. Decellularized native arteries were also used as a scaffold onto which vascular cells were seeded. These studies identified a decellularization method for native and engineered arteries that maximized cellular elimination, without greatly compromising mechanical integrity. We showed that engineered tissues could be decellularized, and demonstrated the feasibility of reseeding decellularized vessels with vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Koh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Vikas Prabhakar
- Biological Engineering Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC 27708
- Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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16
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17
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Silverstein AM, Stoker AM, Ateshian GA, Bulinski JC, Cook JL, Hung CT. Transient expression of the diseased phenotype of osteoarthritic chondrocytes in engineered cartilage. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:829-836. [PMID: 27183499 PMCID: PMC5383531 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the degradation of osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage in post-traumatic OA (PTOA), these tissues are challenging to study and manipulate in vitro. In this study, chondrocytes isolated from either PTOA (meniscal-release (MR) model) or normal (contralateral limb) cartilage of canine knee joints were used to form micropellets to assess the maintenance of the OA chondrocyte phenotype in vitro. Media samples from the micropellet cultures were used to measure matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), chemokine, and cytokine concentrations. Significant differences in matrix synthesis were observed as a function of disease with OA chondrocytes generally synthesizing more extracellular matrix with increasing time in culture. No donor dependent differences were detected. Luminex multiplex analysis of pellet culture media showed disease and time-dependent differences in interleukin (IL)-8, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC)-like protein, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3, which are differentially expressed in OA. This memory of their diseased phenotype persists for the first 2 weeks of culture. These results demonstrate the potential to use chondrocytes from an animal model of OA to study phenotype alterations during the progression and treatment of OA. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:829-836, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Silverstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York 10027
| | - Aaron M. Stoker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gerard A. Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York 10027,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - J. Chloe Bulinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - James L. Cook
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York 10027
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18
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Nims RJ, Cigan AD, Durney KM, Jones BK, O'Neill JD, Law WSA, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. * Constrained Cage Culture Improves Engineered Cartilage Functional Properties by Enhancing Collagen Network Stability. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:847-858. [PMID: 28193145 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When cultured with sufficient nutrient supply, engineered cartilage synthesizes proteoglycans rapidly, producing an osmotic swelling pressure that destabilizes immature collagen and prevents the development of a robust collagen framework, a hallmark of native cartilage. We hypothesized that mechanically constraining the proteoglycan-induced tissue swelling would enhance construct functional properties through the development of a more stable collagen framework. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel "cage" growth system to mechanically prevent tissue constructs from swelling while ensuring adequate nutrient supply to the growing construct. The effectiveness of constrained culture was examined by testing constructs embedded within two different scaffolds: agarose and cartilage-derived matrix hydrogel (CDMH). Constructs were seeded with immature bovine chondrocytes and cultured under free swelling (FS) conditions for 14 days with transforming growth factor-β before being placed into a constraining cage for the remainder of culture. Controls were cultured under FS conditions throughout. Agarose constructs cultured in cages did not expand after the day 14 caging while FS constructs expanded to 8 × their day 0 weight after 112 days of culture. In addition to the physical differences in growth, by day 56, caged constructs had higher equilibrium (agarose: 639 ± 179 kPa and CDMH: 608 ± 257 kPa) and dynamic compressive moduli (agarose: 3.4 ± 1.0 MPa and CDMH 2.8 ± 1.0 MPa) than FS constructs (agarose: 193 ± 74 kPa and 1.1 ± 0.5 MPa and CDMH: 317 ± 93 kPa and 1.8 ± 1.0 MPa for equilibrium and dynamic properties, respectively). Interestingly, when normalized to final day wet weight, cage and FS constructs did not exhibit differences in proteoglycan or collagen content. However, caged culture enhanced collagen maturation through the increased formation of pyridinoline crosslinks and improved collagen matrix stability as measured by α-chymotrypsin solubility. These findings demonstrate that physically constrained culture of engineered cartilage constructs improves functional properties through improved collagen network maturity and stability. We anticipate that constrained culture may benefit other reported engineered cartilage systems that exhibit a mismatch in proteoglycan and collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Nims
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Alexander D Cigan
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Krista M Durney
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Brian K Jones
- 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - John D O'Neill
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Wing-Sum A Law
- 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York.,3 Department of Medicine, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Clark T Hung
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York.,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
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Bardsley K, Yang Y, El Haj AJ. Fluorescent Labeling of Collagen Production by Cells for Noninvasive Imaging of Extracellular Matrix Deposition. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:228-236. [PMID: 28338443 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential component of tissues and provides both integrity and biological cues for cells. Collagen is one of the major proteins found within the ECM and therefore is an essential component of all engineered tissues. Therefore, in this article, we present a method for the online real-time monitoring of collagen deposition in three-dimensional engineered constructs. This method revolves around modification of collagen through the addition of azide-L-proline to cell culture media. The incorporation of azide-L-proline into the neocollagen produced by cells can then be detected by reaction with 10 mM of a Click-IT Alexa Fluor 488 DIBO Alkyne. The reaction was shown as being specific to the collagen as little background staining was observed in cultures, which did not contain the modified proline, and the staining was also depleted after treatment with collagenase and colocalization of collagen type I staining by immunochemistry assay. Real-time online staining of collagen deposition was observed under different culture conditions without affecting proliferation. Collagen deposition was observed to be increased under mechanical stimulation; however, the localization varied across stimulation regimes. This is a new technique for real-time monitoring of cell-produced collagen and will be a valuable addition to the tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Bardsley
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University , Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University , Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia J El Haj
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University , Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
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Dinjaski N, Plowright R, Zhou S, Belton DJ, Perry CC, Kaplan DL. Osteoinductive recombinant silk fusion proteins for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:127-139. [PMID: 27940162 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein polymers provide a unique opportunity for tunable designs of material systems due to the genetic basis of sequence control. To address the challenge of biomineralization interfaces with protein based materials, we genetically engineered spider silks to design organic-inorganic hybrid systems. The spider silk inspired domain (SGRGGLGGQG AGAAAAAGGA GQGGYGGLGSQGT)15 served as an organic scaffold to control material stability and to allow multiple modes of processing, whereas the hydroxyapatite binding domain VTKHLNQISQSY (VTK), provided control over osteogenesis. The VTK domain was fused either to the N-, C- or both terminals of the spider silk domain to understand the effect of position on material properties and mineralization. The addition of the VTK domain to silk did not affect the physical properties of the silk recombinant constructs, but it had a critical role in the induction of biomineralization. When the VTK domain was placed on both the C- and N-termini the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite was significantly increased. In addition, all of the recombinant proteins in film format supported the growth and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Importantly, the presence of the VTK domain enhanced osteoinductive properties up to 3-fold compared to the control (silk alone without VTK). Therefore, silk-VTK fusion proteins have been shown suitable for mineralization and functionalization for specific biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Organic-inorganic interfaces are integral to biomaterial functions in many areas of repair and regeneration. Several protein polymers have been investigated for this purpose. Despite their success the limited options to fine-tune their material properties, degradation patterns and functionalize them for each specific biomedical application limits their application. Various studies have shown that the biological performance of such proteins can be improved by genetic engineering. The present study provides data relating protein design parameters and functional outcome quantified by biomineralization and human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. As such, it helps the design of osteoinductive recombinant biomaterials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dinjaski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Robyn Plowright
- Biomolecular and Materials Interface Research Group, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Shun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - David J Belton
- Biomolecular and Materials Interface Research Group, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Carole C Perry
- Biomolecular and Materials Interface Research Group, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, United States.
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Mačiulaitis J, Rekštytė S, Ūsas A, Jankauskaitė V, Gudas R, Malinauskas M, Mačiulaitis R. Characterization of tissue engineered cartilage products: Recent developments in advanced therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:823-832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Federico S, Nöchel U, Löwenberg C, Lendlein A, Neffe AT. Supramolecular hydrogel networks formed by molecular recognition of collagen and a peptide grafted to hyaluronic acid. Acta Biomater 2016; 38:1-10. [PMID: 27090592 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a nano-structured, highly complex hydrogel, in which the macromolecules are organized primarily by non-covalent interactions. Here, in a biomimetic approach, the decorin-derived collagen-binding peptide LSELRLHNN was grafted to hyaluronic acid (HA) in order to enable the formation of a supramolecular hydrogel network together with collagen. The storage modulus of a mixture of collagen and HA was increased by more than one order of magnitude (G'=157Pa) in the presence of the HA-grafted peptide compared to a mixture of collagen and HA (G'=6Pa). The collagen fibril diameter was decreased, as quantified using electron microscopy, in the presence of the HA-grafted peptide. Here, the peptide mimicked the function of decorin by spatially organizing collagen. The advantage of this approach is that the non-covalent crosslinks between collagen molecules and the HA chains created by the peptide form a reversible and dynamic hydrogel, which could be employed for a diverse range of applications in regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Biopolymers of the extracellular matrix (ECM) like collagen or hyaluronan are attractive starting materials for biomaterials. While in biomaterial science covalent crosslinking is often employed, in the native ECM, stabilization and macromolecular organization is primarily based on non-covalent interactions, which allows dynamic changes of the materials. Here, we show that collagen-binding peptides, derived from the small proteoglycan decorin, grafted to hyaluronic acid enable supramolecular stabilization of collagen hydrogels. These hydrogels have storage moduli more than one order of magnitude higher than mixtures of collagen and hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, the peptide supported the structural organization of collagen. Such hydrogels could be employed for a diverse range of applications in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, the rational design helps in the understanding ECM structuring.
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Camarero-Espinosa S, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Foster EJ, Weder C. Articular cartilage: from formation to tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:734-67. [PMID: 26923076 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage is the nonlinear, inhomogeneous, anisotropic, poro-viscoelastic connective tissue that serves as friction-reducing and load-bearing cushion in synovial joints and is vital for mammalian skeletal movements. Due to its avascular nature, low cell density, low proliferative activity and the tendency of chondrocytes to de-differentiate, cartilage cannot regenerate after injury, wear and tear, or degeneration through common diseases such as osteoarthritis. Therefore severe damage usually requires surgical intervention. Current clinical strategies to generate new tissue include debridement, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte transplantation, and mosaicplasty. While articular cartilage was predicted to be one of the first tissues to be successfully engineered, it proved to be challenging to reproduce the complex architecture and biomechanical properties of the native tissue. Despite significant research efforts, only a limited number of studies have evolved up to the clinical trial stage. This review article summarizes the current state of cartilage tissue engineering in the context of relevant biological aspects, such as the formation and growth of hyaline cartilage, its composition, structure and biomechanical properties. Special attention is given to materials development, scaffold designs, fabrication methods, and template-cell interactions, which are of great importance to the structure and functionality of the engineered tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Camarero-Espinosa
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Lewis MC, MacArthur BD, Tare RS, Oreffo ROC, Please CP. Extracellular Matrix Deposition in Engineered Micromass Cartilage Pellet Cultures: Measurements and Modelling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147302. [PMID: 26889833 PMCID: PMC4758662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores possible mechanisms governing extracellular matrix deposition in engineered cartilaginous cell pellets. A theoretical investigation is carried out alongside an experimental study measuring proteoglycan and collagen volume fractions within murine chondrogenic (ATDC-5) cell pellets. The simple mathematical model, which adopts a nutrient-dependent proteoglycan production rate, successfully reproduces the periphery-dominated proteoglycan deposition, characteristic of the growth pattern observed experimentally within pellets after 21 days of culture. The results suggest that this inhomogeneous proteoglycan production is due to nutrient deficiencies at the pellet centre. Our model analysis further indicates that a spatially uniform distribution of proteoglycan matrix could be maintained by initiating the culture process with a smaller-sized pellet. Finally, possible extensions are put forward with an aim to improve the model predictions for the early behaviour, where different mechanisms appear to dominate the matrix production within the pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C. Lewis
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ben D. MacArthur
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul S. Tare
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Colin P. Please
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Tan AR, Alegre-Aguarón E, O’Connell GD, VandenBerg CD, Aaron RK, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Bulinski JC, Ateshian GA, Hung CT. Passage-dependent relationship between mesenchymal stem cell mobilization and chondrogenic potential. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:319-27. [PMID: 25452155 PMCID: PMC4369922 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galvanotaxis, the migratory response of cells in response to electrical stimulation, has been implicated in development and wound healing. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the synovium (synovium-derived stem cells, SDSCs) has been investigated for repair strategies. Expansion of SDSCs is necessary to achieve clinically relevant cell numbers; however, the effects of culture passage on their subsequent cartilaginous extracellular matrix production are not well understood. METHODS Over four passages of SDSCs, we measured the expression of cell surface markers (CD31, CD34, CD49c, CD73) and assessed their migratory potential in response to applied direct current (DC) electric field. Cells from each passage were also used to form micropellets to assess the degree of cartilage-like tissue formation. RESULTS Expression of CD31, CD34, and CD49c remained constant throughout cell expansion; CD73 showed a transient increase through the first two passages. Correspondingly, we observed that early passage SDSCs exhibit anodal migration when subjected to applied DC electric field strength of 6 V/cm. By passage 3, CD73 expression significantly decreased; these cells exhibited cell migration toward the cathode, as previously observed for terminally differentiated chondrocytes. Only late passage cells (P4) were capable of developing cartilage-like tissue in micropellet culture. CONCLUSIONS Our results show cell priming protocols carried out for four passages selectively differentiate stem cells to behave like chondrocytes, both in their motility response to applied electric field and their production of cartilaginous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R. Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Elena Alegre-Aguarón
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Grace D. O’Connell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 5122 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Curtis D. VandenBerg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, 1000 10th Ave, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Roy K. Aaron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown University, 100 Butler Drive, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - J. Chloe Bulinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gerard A. Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th St, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA,Corresponding author: . Phone: (212) 854-6542
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Developing functional musculoskeletal tissues through hypoxia and lysyl oxidase-induced collagen cross-linking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4832-41. [PMID: 25349395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414271111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The inability to recapitulate native tissue biomechanics, especially tensile properties, hinders progress in regenerative medicine. To address this problem, strategies have focused on enhancing collagen production. However, manipulating collagen cross-links, ubiquitous throughout all tissues and conferring mechanical integrity, has been underinvestigated. A series of studies examined the effects of lysyl oxidase (LOX), the enzyme responsible for the formation of collagen cross-links. Hypoxia-induced endogenous LOX was applied in multiple musculoskeletal tissues (i.e., cartilage, meniscus, tendons, ligaments). Results of these studies showed that both native and engineered tissues are enhanced by invoking a mechanism of hypoxia-induced pyridinoline (PYR) cross-links via intermediaries like LOX. Hypoxia was shown to enhance PYR cross-linking 1.4- to 6.4-fold and, concomitantly, to increase the tensile properties of collagen-rich tissues 1.3- to 2.2-fold. Direct administration of exogenous LOX was applied in native cartilage and neocartilage generated using a scaffold-free, self-assembling process of primary chondrocytes. Exogenous LOX was found to enhance native tissue tensile properties 1.9-fold. LOX concentration- and time-dependent increases in PYR content (∼ 16-fold compared with controls) and tensile properties (approximately fivefold compared with controls) of neocartilage were also detected, resulting in properties on par with native tissue. Finally, in vivo subcutaneous implantation of LOX-treated neocartilage in nude mice promoted further maturation of the neotissue, enhancing tensile and PYR content approximately threefold and 14-fold, respectively, compared with in vitro controls. Collectively, these results provide the first report, to our knowledge, of endogenous (hypoxia-induced) and exogenous LOX applications for promoting collagen cross-linking and improving the tensile properties of a spectrum of native and engineered tissues both in vitro and in vivo.
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Fiorani A, Gualandi C, Panseri S, Montesi M, Marcacci M, Focarete ML, Bigi A. Comparative performance of collagen nanofibers electrospun from different solvents and stabilized by different crosslinkers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2313-2321. [PMID: 24664673 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Collagen electrospun scaffolds well reproduce the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural tissues by coupling high biomimetism of the biological material with the fibrous morphology of the protein. Structural properties of collagen electrospun fibers are still a debated subject and there are conflicting reports in the literature addressing the presence of ultrastructure of collagen in electrospun fibers. In this work collagen type I was successfully electrospun from two different solvents, trifluoroethanol (TFE) and dilute acetic acid (AcOH). Characterization of collagen fibers was performed by means of SEM, ATR-IR, Circular Dichroism and WAXD. We demonstrated that collagen fibers contained a very low amount of triple helix with respect to pristine collagen (18 and 16% in fibers electrospun from AcOH and TFE, respectively) and that triple helix denaturation occurred during polymer dissolution. Collagen scaffolds were crosslinked by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), a commonly employed crosslinker for electrospun collagen, and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE), that was tested for the first time in this work as crosslinking agent for collagen in the form of electrospun fibers. We demonstrated that BDDGE successfully crosslinked collagen and preserved at the same time the scaffold fibrous morphology, while scaffolds crosslinked with EDC completely lost their porous structure. Mesenchymal stem cell experiments demonstrated that collagen scaffolds crosslinked with BDDGE are biocompatible and support cell attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fiorani
- Department of Chemistry ''G. Ciamician'' and National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM, Bologna RU), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Muthukumar T, Anbarasu K, Prakash D, Sastry TP. Effect of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines by the collagen biocomposite dressing material containing Macrotyloma uniflorum plant extract—In vivo wound healing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 121:178-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yang C, Deng G, Chen W, Ye X, Mo X. A novel electrospun-aligned nanoyarn-reinforced nanofibrous scaffold for tendon tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:270-276. [PMID: 25064476 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An electrospun-aligned nanoyarn-reinforced nanofibrous scaffold (NRS) was developed for tendon tissue engineering to improve mechanical strength and cell infiltration. The novel scaffold composed of aligned nanoyarns and random nanofibers was fabricated via electrospinning using a two-collector system. The aim of the present study was to investigate three different types of electrospun scaffolds (random nanofibrous scaffold, aligned nanofibrous scaffold and NRS) based on silk fibroin (SF) and poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) blends. Morphological analysis demonstrated that the NRS composed of aligned nanoyarns and randomly distributed nanofibers formed a 3D microstructure with relatively large pore sizes and high porosity. Biocompatibility analysis revealed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited a higher proliferation rate when cultured on the NRS compared with the other scaffolds. The mechanical testing results indicated that the tensile properties of the NRS were reinforced in the direction parallel to the nanoyarns and satisfied the mechanical requirements for tendon repair. In addition, cell infiltration was significantly enhanced on the NRS. In conclusion, with its improved porosity and appropriate mechanical properties, the developed NRS shows promise for tendon tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital affiliated with Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China; Department of Spinal Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command Region, 333 Nanbinhe Road, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Guoying Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital affiliated with Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Weiming Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road North, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital affiliated with Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China.
| | - Xiumei Mo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road North, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
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Somoza RA, Welter JF, Correa D, Caplan AI. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: challenges and unfulfilled expectations. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:596-608. [PMID: 24749845 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair and regeneration provides a substantial challenge in Regenerative Medicine because of the high degree of morphological and mechanical complexity intrinsic to hyaline cartilage due, in part, to its extracellular matrix. Cartilage remains one of the most difficult tissues to heal; even state-of-the-art regenerative medicine technology cannot yet provide authentic cartilage resurfacing. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were once believed to be the panacea for cartilage repair and regeneration, but despite years of research, they have not fulfilled these expectations. It has been observed that MSCs have an intrinsic differentiation program reminiscent of endochondral bone formation, which they follow after exposure to specific reagents as a part of current differentiation protocols. Efforts have been made to avoid the resulting hypertrophic fate of MSCs; however, so far, none of these has recreated a fully functional articular hyaline cartilage without chondrocytes exhibiting a hypertrophic phenotype. We reviewed the current literature in an attempt to understand why MSCs have failed to regenerate articular cartilage. The challenges that must be overcome before MSC-based tissue engineering can become a front-line technology for successful articular cartilage regeneration are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Somoza
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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O’Connell G, Nims R, Green J, Cigan A, Ateshian G, Hung C. Time and dose-dependent effects of chondroitinase ABC on growth of engineered cartilage. Eur Cell Mater 2014; 27:312-20. [PMID: 24760578 PMCID: PMC4096549 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v027a22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering techniques have been effective in developing cartilage-like tissues in vitro. However, many scaffold-based approaches to cultivating engineered cartilage have been limited by low collagen production, an impediment for attaining native functional load-bearing tensile mechanical properties. Enzymatic digestion of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with chondroitinase ABC (chABC) temporarily suppresses the construct's GAG content and compressive modulus and increases collagen content. Based on the promising results of these early studies, the aim of this study was to further promote collagen deposition through more frequent chABC treatments. Weekly dosing of chABC at a concentration of 0.15 U/mL resulted in a significant cell death, which impacted the ability of the engineered cartilage to fully recover GAG and compressive mechanical properties. In light of these findings, the influence of lower chABC dosage on engineered tissue (0.004 and 0.015 U/mL) over a longer duration (one week) was investigated. Treatment with 0.004 U/mL reduced cell death, decreased the recovery time needed to achieve native compressive mechanical properties and GAG content, and resulted in a collagen content that was 65 % greater than the control. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that longer chABC treatment (one week) at low concentrations can be used to improve collagen content in developing engineered cartilage more expediently than standard chABC treatments of higher chABC doses administered over brief durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.D. O’Connell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R.J. Nims
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Green
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A.D. Cigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - G.A. Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C.T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Address for correspondence: Clark T. Hung, Ph.D. Columbia University, Biomedical Engineering Department, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York, NY 10027, USA, Telephone Number: 212-854-6542, FAX Number: 212-854-8725,
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Nims RJ, Cigan AD, Albro MB, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. Synthesis rates and binding kinetics of matrix products in engineered cartilage constructs using chondrocyte-seeded agarose gels. J Biomech 2013; 47:2165-72. [PMID: 24284199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Large-sized cartilage constructs suffer from inhomogeneous extracellular matrix deposition due to insufficient nutrient availability. Computational models of nutrient consumption and tissue growth can be utilized as an efficient alternative to experimental trials to optimize the culture of large constructs; models require system-specific growth and consumption parameters. To inform models of the [bovine chondrocyte]-[agarose gel] system, total synthesis rate (matrix accumulation rate+matrix release rate) and matrix retention fractions of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), collagen, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) were measured either in the presence (continuous or transient) or absence of TGF-β3 supplementation. TGF-β3's influences on pyridinoline content and mechanical properties were also measured. Reversible binding kinetic parameters were characterized using computational models. Based on our recent nutrient supplementation work, we measured glucose consumption and critical glucose concentration for tissue growth to computationally simulate the culture of a human patella-sized tissue construct, reproducing the experiment of Hung et al. (2003). Transient TGF-β3 produced the highest GAG synthesis rate, highest GAG retention ratio, and the highest binding affinity; collagen synthesis was elevated in TGF-β3 supplementation groups over control, with the highest binding affinity observed in the transient supplementation group; both COMP synthesis and retention were lower than those for GAG and collagen. These results informed the modeling of GAG deposition within a large patella construct; this computational example was similar to the previous experimental results without further adjustments to modeling parameters. These results suggest that these nutrient consumption and matrix synthesis models are an attractive alternative for optimizing the culture of large-sized constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Nims
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 8904, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alexander D Cigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 8904, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Michael B Albro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, MC 4703, 220 Mudd, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 8904, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 8904, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, MC 4703, 220 Mudd, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Leferink AM, Hendrikson WJ, Rouwkema J, Karperien M, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L. Increased cell seeding efficiency in bioplotted three-dimensional PEOT/PBT scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:679-89. [PMID: 24668928 DOI: 10.1002/term.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In regenerative medicine studies, cell seeding efficiency is not only optimized by changing the chemistry of the biomaterials used as cell culture substrates, but also by altering scaffold geometry, culture and seeding conditions. In this study, the importance of seeding parameters, such as initial cell number, seeding volume, seeding concentration and seeding condition is shown. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were seeded into cylindrically shaped 4 × 3 mm polymeric scaffolds, fabricated by fused deposition modelling. The initial cell number ranged from 5 × 10(4) to 8 × 10(5) cells, in volumes varying from 50 µl to 400 µl. To study the effect of seeding conditions, a dynamic system, by means of an agitation plate, was compared with static culture for both scaffolds placed in a well plate or in a confined agarose moulded well. Cell seeding efficiency decreased when seeded with high initial cell numbers, whereas 2 × 10(5) cells seemed to be an optimal initial cell number in the scaffolds used here. The influence of seeding volume was shown to be dependent on the initial cell number used. By optimizing seeding parameters for each specific culture system, a more efficient use of donor cells can be achieved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Leferink
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - W J Hendrikson
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - J Rouwkema
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - M Karperien
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.,Department of Developmental Bioengineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - C A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - L Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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Kelly TAN, Roach BL, Weidner ZD, Mackenzie-Smith CR, O'Connell GD, Lima EG, Stoker AM, Cook JL, Ateshian GA, Hung CT. Tissue-engineered articular cartilage exhibits tension-compression nonlinearity reminiscent of the native cartilage. J Biomech 2013; 46:1784-91. [PMID: 23791084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The tensile modulus of articular cartilage is much larger than its compressive modulus. This tension-compression nonlinearity enhances interstitial fluid pressurization and decreases the frictional coefficient. The current set of studies examines the tensile and compressive properties of cylindrical chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs over different developmental stages through a novel method that combines osmotic loading, video microscopy, and uniaxial unconfined compression testing. This method was previously used to examine tension-compression nonlinearity in native cartilage. Engineered cartilage, cultured under free-swelling (FS) or dynamically loaded (DL) conditions, was tested in unconfined compression in hypertonic and hypotonic salt solutions. The apparent equilibrium modulus decreased with increasing salt concentration, indicating that increasing the bath solution osmolarity shielded the fixed charges within the tissue, shifting the measured moduli along the tension-compression curve and revealing the intrinsic properties of the tissue. With this method, we were able to measure the tensile (401±83kPa for FS and 678±473kPa for DL) and compressive (161±33kPa for FS and 348±203kPa for DL) moduli of the same engineered cartilage specimens. These moduli are comparable to values obtained from traditional methods, validating this technique for measuring the tensile and compressive properties of hydrogel-based constructs. This study shows that engineered cartilage exhibits tension-compression nonlinearity reminiscent of the native tissue, and that dynamic deformational loading can yield significantly higher tensile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri-Ann N Kelly
- Cellular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Bermueller C, Schwarz S, Elsaesser AF, Sewing J, Baur N, von Bomhard A, Scheithauer M, Notbohm H, Rotter N. Marine collagen scaffolds for nasal cartilage repair: prevention of nasal septal perforations in a new orthotopic rat model using tissue engineering techniques. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2201-14. [PMID: 23621795 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous grafts are frequently needed for nasal septum reconstruction. Because they are only available in limited amounts, there is a need for new cartilage replacement strategies. Tissue engineering based on the use of autologous chondrocytes and resorbable matrices might be a suitable option. So far, an optimal material for nasal septum reconstruction has not been identified. The aim of our study was to provide the first evaluation of marine collagen for use in nasal cartilage repair. First, we studied the suitability of marine collagen as a cartilage replacement matrix in the context of in vitro three dimensional cultures by analyzing cell migration, cytotoxicity, and extracellular matrix formation using human and rat nasal septal chondrocytes. Second, we worked toward developing a suitable orthotopic animal model for nasal septum repair, while simultaneously evaluating the biocompatibility of marine collagen. Seeded and unseeded scaffolds were transplanted into nasal septum defects in an orthotopic rat model for 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Explanted scaffolds were histologically and immunohistochemically evaluated. Scaffolds did not induce any cytotoxic reactions in vitro. Chondrocytes were able to adhere to marine collagen and produce cartilaginous matrix proteins, such as collagen type II. Treating septal cartilage defects in vivo with seeded and unseeded scaffolds led to a significant reduction in the number of nasal septum perforations compared to no replacement. In summary, we demonstrated that marine collagen matrices provide excellent properties for cartilage tissue engineering. Marine collagen scaffolds are able to prevent septal perforations in an autologous, orthotopic rat model. This newly described experimental surgical procedure is a suitable way to evaluate new scaffold materials for their applicability in the context of nasal cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bermueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Frauensteige 12, Ulm, Germany
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36
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Makris E, Hu J, Athanasiou K. Hypoxia-induced collagen crosslinking as a mechanism for enhancing mechanical properties of engineered articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:634-41. [PMID: 23353112 PMCID: PMC3670708 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The focus of tissue engineering of neocartilage has traditionally been on enhancing extracellular matrix and thus biomechanical properties. Emphasis has been placed on the enhancement of collagen type and quantity, and, concomitantly, tensile properties. The objective of this study was to improve crosslinking of the collagen network by testing the hypothesis that hypoxia could promote pyridinoline (PYR) crosslinks and, thus, improve neocartilage's tensile properties. METHODS Chondrocyte expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX), an enzyme responsible for the formation of collagen PYR crosslinks, was first assessed pre- and post- hypoxia application. Then, the mechanical properties of self-assembled neocartilage constructs were measured, after 4 weeks of culture, for groups exposed to 4% O2 at different initiation times and durations, i.e., during the 1st and 3rd weeks, 3rd and 4th weeks, 4th week only, continuously after cell seeding, or never. RESULTS Results showed that LOX gene expression was upregulated ∼20-fold in chondrocytes in response to hypoxia. Hypoxia applied during the 3rd and 4th weeks significantly increased PYR crosslinks without affecting collagen content. Excitingly, neocartilage tensile properties were increased ∼2-fold. It should be noted that these properties exhibited a distinct temporal dependence to hypoxia exposure, since upregulation of these properties was due to hypoxia applied only during the 3rd and 4th weeks. CONCLUSION These data elucidate the role of hypoxia-mediated upregulation of LOX and subsequent increases in PYR crosslinks in engineered cartilage. These results hold promise toward applying hypoxia at precise time points to promote tensile integrity and direct construct maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Makris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Trauma, University of Thessaly (BIOMED), Larisa 41110, Greece
| | - J.C. Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K.A. Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: K.A. Athanasiou, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Tel: 1-530-754-6645; Fax: 1-530-754-5739
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Makris EA, MacBarb RF, Responte DJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. A copper sulfate and hydroxylysine treatment regimen for enhancing collagen cross-linking and biomechanical properties in engineered neocartilage. FASEB J 2013; 27:2421-30. [PMID: 23457219 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-224030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to improve the biomechanical properties of engineered neotissues through promoting the development of collagen cross-links. It was hypothesized that supplementing medium with copper sulfate and the amino acid hydroxylysine would enhance the activity of lysyl oxidase enzyme to form collagen cross-links, increasing the strength and integrity of the neotissue. Neocartilage constructs were generated using a scaffoldless, self-assembling process and treated with copper sulfate and hydroxylysine, either alone or in combination, following a 2-factor, full-factorial study design. Following a 6-wk culture period, the biomechanical and biochemical properties of the constructs were measured. Results found copper sulfate to significantly increase pyridinoline (PYR) cross-links in all copper sulfate-containing groups over controls. When copper sulfate and hydroxylysine were combined, the result was synergistic, with a 10-fold increase in PYR content over controls. This increase in PYR cross-links manifested in a 3.3-fold significant increase in the tensile properties of the copper sulfate + hydroxylysine group. In addition, an 123% increase over control values was detected in the copper sulfate group in terms of the aggregate modulus. These data elucidate the role of copper sulfate and hydroxylysine toward improving the biomechanical properties of neotissues through collagen cross-linking enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios A Makris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) has promise as a biological solution and a disease modifying treatment for arthritis. Although cartilage can be generated by TE, substantial inter- and intra-donor variability makes it impossible to guarantee optimal, reproducible results. TE cartilage must be able to perform the functions of native tissue, thus mechanical and biological properties approaching those of native cartilage are likely a pre-requisite for successful implantation. A quality-control assessment of these properties should be part of the implantation release criteria for TE cartilage. Release criteria should certify that selected tissue properties have reached certain target ranges, and should be predictive of the likelihood of success of an implant in vivo. Unfortunately, it is not currently known which properties are needed to establish release criteria, nor how close one has to be to the properties of native cartilage to achieve success. Achieving properties approaching those of native cartilage requires a clear understanding of the target properties and reproducible assessment methodology. Here, we review several main aspects of quality control as it applies to TE cartilage. This includes a look at known mechanical and biological properties of native cartilage, which should be the target in engineered tissues. We also present an overview of the state of the art of tissue assessment, focusing on native articular and TE cartilage. Finally, we review the arguments for developing and validating non-destructive testing methods for assessing TE products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Mansour
- Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, 44106
| | - Jean F. Welter
- Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, 44106
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Luan XY, Huo GH, Li MZ, Lu SZ, Zhang XG. Antheraea pernyi
silk fibroin maintains the immunosupressive properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2013; 33:1127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Responte DJ, Natoli RM, Athanasiou KA. Identification of potential biophysical and molecular signalling mechanisms underlying hyaluronic acid enhancement of cartilage formation. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:3564-73. [PMID: 22809846 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effects of exogenous hyaluronic acid (HA) on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of self-assembled bovine chondrocytes, and investigated biophysical and genetic mechanisms underlying these effects. The effects of HA commencement time, concentration, application duration and molecular weight were examined using histology, biomechanics and biochemistry. Additionally, the effects of HA application on sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) retention were assessed. To investigate the influence of HA on gene expression, microarray analysis was conducted. HA treatment of developing neocartilage increased compressive stiffness onefold and increased sulphated GAG content by 35 per cent. These effects were dependent on HA molecular weight, concentration and application commencement time. Additionally, applying HA increased sulphated GAG retention within self-assembled neotissue. HA administration also upregulated 503 genes, including multiple genes associated with TGF-β1 signalling. Increased sulphated GAG retention indicated that HA could enhance compressive stiffness by increasing the osmotic pressure that negatively charged GAGs create. The gene expression data demonstrate that HA treatment differentially regulates genes related to TGF-β1 signalling, revealing a potential mechanism for altering matrix composition. These results illustrate the potential use of HA to improve cartilage regeneration efforts and better understand cartilage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Responte
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, , 6500 Main St., Suite 135, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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41
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An in situ cross-linking hybrid hydrogel for controlled release of proteins. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1703-9. [PMID: 22342597 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a clear need for methods to provide a safe controlled release of therapeutic proteins, either to achieve and maintain high local protein concentrations, or for sustained systemic delivery. We have developed a protein delivery system that combines in situ cross-linkable polysaccharide hydrogels with gelatin. This formulation is injectable, easy to apply, and obviates the need for organic solvents or potentially toxic cross-linking agents in the formulation process. The cross-linked polysaccharides themselves (comprising hyaluronic acid, dextran and/or carboxymethylcellulose) provided prolonged release of fluorescently labeled albumin (FITC-albumin). The duration of release was markedly extended by the incorporation of gelatin into the formulation: FITC-albumin and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were released over the course of more than 3 weeks. The IL-2 maintained >70% activity throughout that time. Gelatin also accelerated the gelation time of the hydrogels, and reduced their swelling in phosphate-buffered saline. The composite hydrogel (dextran-carboxymethylcellulose-gelatin) showed minimal cytotoxicity in vitro, and benign tissue reaction after subcutaneous injection in rats.
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Changoor A, Nelea M, Méthot S, Tran-Khanh N, Chevrier A, Restrepo A, Shive MS, Hoemann CD, Buschmann MD. Structural characteristics of the collagen network in human normal, degraded and repair articular cartilages observed in polarized light and scanning electron microscopies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:1458-68. [PMID: 22015933 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study characterizes collagen organization (CO) in human normal (n = 6), degraded (n = 6) and repair (n = 22) cartilages, using polarized light (PLM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopies. DESIGN CO was assessed using a recently developed PLM-CO score (Changoor et al. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011;19:126-35), and zonal proportions measured. SEM images were captured from locations matched to PLM. Fibre orientations were assessed in SEM and compared to those observed in PLM. CO was also assessed in individual SEM images and combined to generate a SEM-CO score for overall CO analogous to PLM-CO. Fibre diameters were measured in SEM. RESULTS PLM-CO and SEM-CO scores were correlated, r = 0.786 (P < 0.00001, n = 32), after excluding two outliers. Orientation observed in PLM was validated by SEM since PLM/SEM correspondence occurred in 91.6% of samples. Proportions of the deep (DZ), transitional (TZ) and superficial (SZ) zones averaged 74.0 ± 9.1%, 18.6 ± 7.0%, and 7.3 ± 1.2% in normal, and 45.6 ± 10.7%, 47.2 ± 10.1% and 9.5 ± 3.4% in degraded cartilage, respectively. Fibre diameters in normal cartilage increased with depth from the articular surface [55.8 ± 9.4 nm (SZ), 87.5 ± 1.8 nm (TZ) and 108.2 ± 1.8 nm (DZ)]. Fibre diameters were smaller in repair biopsies [60.4 ± 0.7 nm (SZ), 63.2 ± 0.6 nm (TZ) and 67.2 ± 0.8 nm (DZ)]. Degraded cartilage had wider fibre diameter ranges and bimodal distributions, possibly reflecting new collagen synthesis and remodelling or collagen fibre unravelling. Repair tissues revealed the potential of microfracture-based repair procedures to produce zonal CO resembling native articular cartilage structure. Values are reported as mean ± 95% confidence interval. CONCLUSION This detailed assessment of collagen architecture could benefit the development of cartilage repair strategies intended to recreate functional collagen architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Changoor
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3A7.
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Ng KW, O'Conor CJ, Kugler LE, Cook JL, Ateshian GA, Hung CT. Transient supplementation of anabolic growth factors rapidly stimulates matrix synthesis in engineered cartilage. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39:2491-500. [PMID: 21833681 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the presented work is to examine the response of engineered cartilage to a transient, 2-week application of anabolic growth factors compared to continuous exposure in in vitro culture. Immature bovine chondrocytes were suspended in agarose hydrogel and cultured for 28 days (Study 1) or 42 days (Study 2) in chondrogenic media with TGF-β1, TGF-β3, or IGF-I either added for only the first 14 days in culture or added to the media for the entire study period. In both studies, there were no statistical differences in tissue mechanical or biochemical properties between the growth factors on day 14. In Study 1, growth factor removal led to a significant and drastic increase in Young's modulus and glycosaminoglycans content compared to continuously exposed controls on day 28. In Study 2, both TGF-β1 and β3 led to significantly higher mechanical properties and collagen content vs. IGF-I on day 42. These results indicate that the rapid rise in tissue properties (previously observed with TGF-β3 only) is not dependent on the type but rather the temporal application of the anabolic growth factor. These findings shed light on possible techniques to rapidly develop engineered cartilage tissue for the future treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Ng
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Collin EC, Grad S, Zeugolis DI, Vinatier CS, Clouet JR, Guicheux JJ, Weiss P, Alini M, Pandit AS. An injectable vehicle for nucleus pulposus cell-based therapy. Biomaterials 2011; 32:2862-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tran SC, Cooley AJ, Elder SH. Effect of a mechanical stimulation bioreactor on tissue engineered, scaffold-free cartilage. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1421-9. [PMID: 21274847 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Achieving sufficient functional properties prior to implantation remains a significant challenge for the development of tissue engineered cartilage. Many studies have shown chondrocytes respond well to various mechanical stimuli, resulting in the development of bioreactors capable of transmitting forces to articular cartilage in vitro. In this study, we describe the production of sizeable, tissue engineered cartilage using a novel scaffold-free approach, and determine the effect of perfusion and mechanical stimulation from a C9-x Cartigen bioreactor on the properties of the tissue engineered cartilage. We created sizable tissue engineered cartilage from porcine chondrocytes using a scaffold-free approach by centrifuging a high-density chondrocyte cell-suspension onto an agarose layer in a 50 mL tube. The gross and histological appearances, biochemical content, and mechanical properties of constructs cultured in the bioreactor for 4 weeks were compared to constructs cultured statically. Mechanical properties were determined from unconfined uniaxial compression tests. Constructs cultured in the bioreactor exhibited an increase in total GAG content, equilibrium compressive modulus, and dynamic modulus versus static constructs. Our study demonstrates the C9-x CartiGen bioreactor is able to enhance the biomechanical and biochemical properties of scaffold-free tissue engineered cartilage; however, no additional enhancement was seen between loaded and perfused groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Tran
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Hwang Y, Sangaj N, Varghese S. Interconnected macroporous poly(ethylene glycol) cryogels as a cell scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 16:3033-41. [PMID: 20486791 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroporous networks of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with interconnected pores can be created by cryogelation techniques. In this study, we describe the potential application of such PEG cryogels as scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Three-dimensional macroporous cryogels were evaluated for chondrocyte growth and production of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Seeded primary bovine chondrocytes showed homogeneous distribution throughout the cryogels. DNA content suggests continuous cell proliferation over 4 weeks of in vitro culture. Analysis of the composition of cell-secreted ECM showed a culture-time-dependent increase in the amount of glycosaminoglycan and collagen. The production of ECM by chondrocytes was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy analysis. Further histological and immunohistological analysis of the cell-laden scaffold confirmed the presence of accumulated cartilage-specific ECM within the scaffold. The interconnected macroporous network promoted diffusion of cell-secreted matrix within the cryogels. Our results indicated that interconnected macroporous PEG cryogels successfully supported attachment, viability, proliferation, and biosynthetic activity of seeded chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsung Hwang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA
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Chen Y, Bilgen B, Pareta RA, Myles AJ, Fenniri H, Ciombor DM, Aaron RK, Webster TJ. Self-Assembled Rosette Nanotube/Hydrogel Composites for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:1233-43. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Bahar Bilgen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rajesh A. Pareta
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Andrew J. Myles
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hicham Fenniri
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Deborah McK. Ciombor
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Roy K. Aaron
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Wang W, Itoh S, Aizawa T, Okawa A, Sakai K, Ohkuma T, Demura M. Development of an injectable chitosan/marine collagen composite gel. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:065009. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/6/065009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Adult bone marrow stromal cell-based tissue-engineered aggrecan exhibits ultrastructure and nanomechanical properties superior to native cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:1477-86. [PMID: 20692354 PMCID: PMC2975943 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the structural characteristics and nanomechanical properties of aggrecan produced by adult bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in peptide hydrogel scaffolds and compare to aggrecan from adult articular cartilage. DESIGN Adult equine BMSCs were encapsulated in 3D-peptide hydrogels and cultured for 21 days with TGF-β1 to induce chondrogenic differentiation. BMSC-aggrecan was extracted and compared with aggrecan from age-matched adult equine articular cartilage. Single molecules of aggrecan were visualized by atomic force microscopy-based imaging and aggrecan nanomechanical stiffness was quantified by high resolution force microscopy. Population-averaged measures of aggrecan hydrodynamic size, core protein structures and CS sulfation compositions were determined by size-exclusion chromatography, Western analysis, and fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE). RESULTS BMSC-aggrecan was primarily full-length while cartilage-aggrecan had many fragments. Single molecule measurements showed that core protein and GAG chains of BMSC-aggrecan were markedly longer than those of cartilage-aggrecan. Comparing full-length aggrecan of both species, BMSC-aggrecan had longer GAG chains, while the core protein trace lengths were similar. FACE analysis detected a ∼ 1:1 ratio of chondroitin-4-sulfate to chondroitin-6-sulfate in BMSC-GAG, a phenotype consistent with aggrecan from skeletally-immature cartilage. The nanomechanical stiffness of BMSC-aggrecan was demonstrably greater than that of cartilage-aggrecan at the same total sGAG (fixed charge) density. CONCLUSIONS The higher proportion of full-length monomers, longer GAG chains and greater stiffness of the BMSC-aggrecan makes it biomechanically superior to adult cartilage-aggrecan. Aggrecan stiffness was not solely dependent on fixed charge density, but also on GAG molecular ultrastructure. These results support the use of adult BMSCs for cell-based cartilage repair.
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Irrechukwu ON, Lin PC, Fritton K, Doty S, Pleshko N, Spencer RG. Magnetic resonance studies of macromolecular content in engineered cartilage treated with pulsed low-intensity ultrasound. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 17:407-15. [PMID: 20807015 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive monitoring of matrix development in tissue-engineered cartilage constructs would permit ongoing assessment with the ability to modify culture conditions during development to optimize tissue characteristics. In this study, chondrocytes seeded in a collagen hydrogel were exposed for 20 min/day to pulsed low-intensity ultrasound (PLIUS) at 30 mWcm(-2) and cultured for up to 5 weeks. Biochemical assays, histology, immunohistochemistry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at weeks 3 and 5 after initiation of growth. The noninvasive MRI measurements were correlated with those from the invasive studies. In particular, MRI transverse relaxation time (T2) and magnetization transfer rate (k(m)) correlated with macromolecular content, which was increased by application of PLIUS. This indicates the sensitivity of MR techniques to PLIUS-induced changes in matrix development, and highlights the potential for noninvasive assessment of the efficacy of anabolic interventions for engineered tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyi N Irrechukwu
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Section, Gerontology Research Center 4D-06, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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