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Horak CN, Miserendino ML, Assef YA. Multixenobiotic defence mechanism in native and exotic freshwater snails as a biomarker for land uses-changes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 267:109580. [PMID: 36822297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Human activities such as agriculture and urbanization generate a large number of substances like personal care products, pharmaceutical compounds, and pesticides, which often reach aquatic environments and represent a threat to biodiversity. Many organisms have developed different evolutionary strategies to remove pervasive substances from their bodies, allowing them to persist even in polluted environments, and one of these is the multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) mechanism associated with the expression of membrane proteins like P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Numerous chemical compounds with diverse functions and structures can modulate this mechanism, which can be employed as a pollution biomarker. We examined the MXR activity in two species of snails that inhabit Patagonian freshwaters. Functional assay measurements of MXR were conducted on the native Chilina dombeiana and the exotic Physella acuta in stream reaches affected by anthropogenic impacts. Results indicated that at agricultural sites, C. dombeiana snails had a more active MXR system than organisms sampled at reference and moderately disturbed urban sites, whereas P. acuta snails from agricultural and highly disturbed urban sites showed better detoxifying activity than organisms from reference sites. Only in exotic snails, part of this activity was due to the action of P-gp. The most important environmental variables explaining MXR activity were ammonium, nitrate and nitrite, phosphates, and electrical conductivity. These results show the promise of measuring MXR activity in native and exotic snails, as a biomarker in the environmental monitoring of Patagonian freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Natalia Horak
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP-CONICET-UNPSJB-FCNyCS), Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ecología y Sistemática Animal, Roca 780 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - María Laura Miserendino
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP-CONICET-UNPSJB-FCNyCS), Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ecología y Sistemática Animal, Roca 780 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Ruta 259, km 16.4, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Yanina Andrea Assef
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP-CONICET-UNPSJB-FCNyCS), Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ecología y Sistemática Animal, Roca 780 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Ruta 259, km 16.4, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
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2
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Nicholson R, Menezes AC, Azevedo A, Leckenby A, Davies S, Seedhouse C, Gilkes A, Knapper S, Tonks A, Darley RL. Protein Kinase C Epsilon Overexpression Is Associated With Poor Patient Outcomes in AML and Promotes Daunorubicin Resistance Through p-Glycoprotein-Mediated Drug Efflux. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840046. [PMID: 35707351 PMCID: PMC9191576 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases are pleiotropic signaling regulators and are implicated in hematopoietic signaling and development. Only one isoform however, PKCϵ, has oncogenic properties in solid cancers where it is associated with poor outcomes. Here we show that PKCϵ protein is significantly overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 37% of patients). In addition, PKCϵ expression in AML was associated with a significant reduction in complete remission induction and disease-free survival. Examination of the functional consequences of PKCϵ overexpression in normal human hematopoiesis, showed that PKCϵ promotes myeloid differentiation, particularly of the monocytic lineage, and decreased colony formation, suggesting that PKCϵ does not act as an oncogene in hematopoietic cells. Rather, in AML cell lines, PKCϵ overexpression selectively conferred resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent, daunorubicin, by reducing intracellular concentrations of this agent. Mechanistic analysis showed that PKCϵ promoted the expression of the efflux pump, P-GP (ABCB1), and that drug efflux mediated by this transporter fully accounted for the daunorubicin resistance associated with PKCϵ overexpression. Analysis of AML patient samples also showed a link between PKCϵ and P-GP protein expression suggesting that PKCϵ expression drives treatment resistance in AML by upregulating P-GP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Nicholson
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Catarina Menezes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Azevedo
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Leckenby
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Davies
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Seedhouse
- Academic Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Knapper
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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3
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Rusli N, Amanah A, Kaur G, Adenan MI, Sulaiman SF, Wahab HA, Tan ML. The inhibitory effects of mitragynine on P-glycoprotein in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:481-496. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-01605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Hennenberg EM, Eyking A, Reis H, Cario E. MDR1A deficiency restrains tumor growth in murine colitis-associated carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180834. [PMID: 28686677 PMCID: PMC5501609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) have an increased risk to develop colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Here, we found that protein expression of ABCB1 (ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1) / MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1) was diminished in the intestinal mucosa of patients with active UC with or without CAC, but not in non-UC patients with sporadic colon cancer. We investigated the consequences of ABCB1/MDR1 loss-of-function in a common murine model for CAC (AOM/DSS). Mice deficient in MDR1A (MDR1A KO) showed enhanced intratumoral inflammation and cellular damage, which were associated with reduced colonic tumor size and decreased degree of dysplasia, when compared to wild-type (WT). Increased cell injury correlated with reduced capacity for growth of MDR1A KO tumor spheroids cultured ex-vivo. Gene expression analysis by microarray demonstrated that MDR1A deficiency shaped the inflammatory response towards an anti-tumorigenic microenvironment by downregulating genes known to be important mediators of cancer progression (PTGS2 (COX2), EREG, IL-11). MDR1A KO tumors showed increased gene expression of TNFSF10 (TRAIL), a known inducer of cancer cell death, and CCL12, a strong trigger of B cell chemotaxis. Abundant B220+ B lymphocyte infiltrates with interspersed CD138+ plasma cells were recruited to the MDR1A KO tumor microenvironment, concomitant with high levels of immunoglobulin light chain genes. In contrast, MDR1A deficiency in RAG2 KO mice that lack both B and T cells aggravated colonic tumor progression. MDR1A KO CD19+ B cells, but not WT CD19+ B cells, suppressed growth of colonic tumor-derived spheroids from AOM/DSS-WT mice in an ex-vivo co-culture system, implying that B-cell regulated immune responses contributed to delayed tumor development in MDR1A deficiency. In conclusion, we provide first evidence that loss of ABCB1/MDR1 function may represent an essential tumor-suppressive host defense mechanism in CAC.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/immunology
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/immunology
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Chemotaxis
- Colitis, Ulcerative/complications
- Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/complications
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epiregulin/genetics
- Epiregulin/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Immunoglobulin Light Chain/genetics
- Humans
- Interleukin-11/genetics
- Interleukin-11/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/genetics
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins/genetics
- Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/genetics
- TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Hennenberg
- Experimental Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Eyking
- Experimental Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Cario
- Experimental Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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5
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DeMars KM, Yang C, Hawkins KE, McCrea AO, Siwarski DM, Candelario-Jalil E. Spatiotemporal Changes in P-glycoprotein Levels in Brain and Peripheral Tissues Following Ischemic Stroke in Rats. J Exp Neurosci 2017; 11:1179069517701741. [PMID: 28469478 PMCID: PMC5398227 DOI: 10.1177/1179069517701741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to transport a diverse array of xenobiotics, including therapeutic drugs. A member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, P-gp is a protein encoded by the gene Mdr1 in humans and Abcb1 in rodents (represented by 2 isoforms Abcb1a and Abcb1b). Lining the luminal and abluminal membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells, P-gp is a promiscuous efflux pump extruding a variety of exogenous toxins and drugs. In this study, we measured dynamic changes in Abcb1a and Abcb1b transcripts and P-gp protein in the brain, liver, and kidney after experimental stroke. P-glycoprotein has been shown to increase in brain endothelial cells following hypoxia in vitro or after exposure to proinflammatory cytokines. Using a rat model of ischemic stroke, we hypothesized that P-gp expression will be increased in the brain, liver, and kidney in response to neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke. Adult Sprague Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 minutes and were killed at 4, 14, 24, and 48 hours postreperfusion onset to determine the time course of P-gp expression. To mimic ischemia occurring at the blood-brain barrier, rat brain endothelial (RBE4) cells were subjected to hypoxia and low glucose (HLG) for 16 hours. Immunoblotting analyses showed P-gp increases in brain and liver following 90-minute MCAO, as well as in cultured RBE4 cells after 16-hour HLG treatment, but fluctuated in the kidney depending on the time point. The relative roles of each isoform in the protein expression were analyzed with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Ischemic stroke leads to significant increases in P-gp levels not only in the brain but also in the liver. The increase in P-gp could dramatically reduce the bioavailability and efficacy of neuroprotective drugs. Therefore, P-gp represents a big hurdle to drug delivery to the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M DeMars
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kimberly E Hawkins
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Austin O McCrea
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David M Siwarski
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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6
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Datta S, Choudhury D, Das A, Das Mukherjee D, Das N, Roy SS, Chakrabarti G. Paclitaxel resistance development is associated with biphasic changes in reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential and autophagy with elevated energy production capacity in lung cancer cells: A chronological study. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694314. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Tx) is one of the first-line chemotherapeutic drugs used against lung cancer, but acquired resistance to this drug is a major challenge against successful chemotherapy. In this work, we have focused on the chronological changes of various cellular parameters and associated effect on Tx (10 nM) resistance development in A549 cell line. It was observed, at initial stage, the cell death percentage due to drug treatment had increased up to 20 days, and thereafter, it started declining and became completely resistant by 40 days. Expressions of βIII tubulin and drug efflux pumps also increased over the period of resistance development. Changes in cellular autophagy and reactive oxygen species generation showed a biphasic pattern and increased gradually over the course of upto 20 days, thereafter declined gradually; however, their levels remained higher than untreated cells when resistance was acquired. Increase in extracellular acidification rates and oxygen consumption rates was found to be directly correlated with acquisition of resistance. The depolarisation of mitochondrial membrane potential was also biphasic; first, it increased with increase of cell death up to 20 days, thereafter, it gradually decreased to normal level along with resistance development. Increase in activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content over these periods may attribute in bringing down the reactive oxygen species levels and normalisation of mitochondrial membrane potential in spite of comparatively higher reactive oxygen species production by the Tx-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satabdi Datta
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Diptiman Choudhury
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology University, Patiala, India
| | - Amlan Das
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipanwita Das Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Nabanita Das
- Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology & Physiology Division, CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Gopal Chakrabarti
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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7
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Enhanced autophagy reveals vulnerability of P-gp mediated epirubicin resistance in triple negative breast cancer cells. Apoptosis 2016; 21:473-88. [PMID: 26767845 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epirubicin (EPI) is widely used for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), but a substantial number of patients develop EPI resistance that is associated with poor outcome. The underlying mechanism for EPI resistance remains poorly understood. We have developed and characterized an EPI-resistant (EPI-R) cell line from parental MDA-MB-231 cells. These EPI-R cells reached stable growth in the medium containing 8 μg/ml of EPI. They overexpressed P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and contained numerous autophagic vacuoles. The suppression of P-gp overexpression and/or autophagy restored the sensitivity of these EPI-R cells to EPI. We further show that autophagy conferred resistance to EPI on MDA cells by blocking the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-mediated pro-apoptotic signals. Together, these results reveal a synergistic role of P-gp, autophagy, and NF-κB pathways in the development of EPI resistance in TNBC cells. They also suggest that blocking the P-gp overexpression and autophagy may be an effective means of reducing EPI resistance.
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8
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Wu CP, Hsieh CH, Hsiao SH, Luo SY, Su CY, Li YQ, Huang YH, Huang CW, Hsu SC. Human ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCB1 Confers Resistance to Volasertib (BI 6727), a Selective Inhibitor of Polo-like Kinase 1. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3885-95. [PMID: 26412161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of the serine/threonine specific polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is associated with poor prognosis in many types of cancer. Consequently, Plk1 has emerged as a valid therapeutic target for anticancer drug design. Volasertib is a potent inhibitor of Plk1 that inhibits the proliferation of multiple human cancer cell lines by promoting cell cycle arrest at nanomolar concentrations. However, the risk of developing drug resistance, which is often associated with the overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein), can present a therapeutic challenge for volasertib and many other therapeutic drugs. Although volasertib is highly effective against the proliferation of numerous cancer cell lines, we found that the overexpression of ABCB1 in cancer cells leads to cellular resistance to volasertib and reduces the level of volasertib-stimulated G2/M cell cycle arrest and subsequent onset of apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that volasertib competitively inhibits the function of ABCB1 and stimulates the basal ATPase activity of ABCB1 in a concentration-dependent manner, which is consistent with substrate transport by ABCB1. More importantly, we discovered that the coadministration of an inhibitor or drug substrate of ABCB1 restored the anticancer activity of volasertib in ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cells. In conclusion, the results of our study reveal that ABCB1 negatively affects the efficacy of volasertib and supports its combination with a modulator of ABCB1 to improve clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chiun-Wei Huang
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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9
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Tyler A, Johansson A, Karlsson T, Gudey SK, Brännström T, Grankvist K, Behnam-Motlagh P. Targeting glucosylceramide synthase induction of cell surface globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in acquired cisplatin-resistance of lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:23-32. [PMID: 26004871 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired resistance to cisplatin treatment is a caveat when treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Ceramide increases in response to chemotherapy, leading to proliferation arrest and apoptosis. However, a tumour stress activation of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) follows to eliminate ceramide by formation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), the functional receptor of verotoxin-1. Ceramide elimination enhances cell proliferation and apoptosis blockade, thus stimulating tumor progression. GSLs transactivate multidrug resistance 1/P-glycoprotein (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) expression which further prevents ceramide accumulation and stimulates drug efflux. We investigated the expression of Gb3, MDR1 and MRP1 in NSCLC and MPM cells with acquired cisplatin resistance, and if GCS activity or MDR1 pump inhibitors would reduce their expression and reverse cisplatin-resistance. METHODS Cell surface expression of Gb3, MDR1 and MRP1 and intracellular expression of MDR1 and MRP1 was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy on P31 MPM and H1299 NSCLC cells and subline cells with acquired cisplatin resistance. The effect of GCS inhibitor PPMP and MDR1 pump inhibitor cyclosporin A for 72h on expression and cisplatin cytotoxicity was tested. RESULTS The cisplatin-resistant cells expressed increased cell surface Gb3. Cell surface Gb3 expression of resistant cells was annihilated by PPMP whereas cyclosporin A decreased Gb3 and MDR1 expression in H1299 cells. No decrease of MDR1 by PPMP was noted in using flow cytometry, whereas a decrease of MDR1 in H1299 and H1299res was indicated with confocal microscopy. No certain co-localization of Gb3 and MDR1 was noted. PPMP, but not cyclosporin A, potentiated cisplatin cytotoxicity in all cells. CONCLUSIONS Cell surface Gb3 expression is a likely tumour biomarker for acquired cisplatin resistance of NSCLC and MPM cells. Tumour cell resistance to MDR1 inhibitors of cell surface MDR1 and Gb3 could explain the aggressiveness of NSCLC and MPM. Therapy with GCS activity inhibitors or toxin targeting of the Gb3 receptor may substantially reduce acquired cisplatin drug resistance of NSCLC and MPM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tyler
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, S-901 85 Umea, Sweden.
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, S-901 85 Umea, Sweden
| | - Terese Karlsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, S-901 85 Umea, Sweden
| | - Shyam Kumar Gudey
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, S-901 85 Umea, Sweden
| | - Thomas Brännström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, S-901 85 Umea, Sweden
| | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, S-901 85 Umea, Sweden
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10
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RAD001 can reverse drug resistance of SGC7901/DDP cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9171-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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11
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Callaghan R, Luk F, Bebawy M. Inhibition of the multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein: time for a change of strategy? Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:623-31. [PMID: 24492893 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.056176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a key player in the multidrug-resistant phenotype in cancer. The protein confers resistance by mediating the ATP-dependent efflux of an astonishing array of anticancer drugs. Its broad specificity has been the subject of numerous attempts to inhibit the protein and restore the efficacy of anticancer drugs. The general strategy has been to develop compounds that either compete with anticancer drugs for transport or act as direct inhibitors of P-gp. Despite considerable in vitro success, there are no compounds currently available to "block" P-gp-mediated resistance in the clinic. The failure may be attributed to toxicity, adverse drug interaction, and numerous pharmacokinetic issues. This review provides a description of several alternative approaches to overcome the activity of P-gp in drug-resistant cells. These include 1) drugs that specifically target resistant cells, 2) novel nanotechnologies to provide high-dose, targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, 3) compounds that interfere with nongenomic transfer of resistance, and 4) approaches to reduce the expression of P-gp within tumors. Such approaches have been developed through the pursuit of greater understanding of resistance mediators such as P-gp, and they show considerable potential for further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Callaghan
- Division of Biomedical Science & Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology & Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, New South Wales, Australia (R.C.); and School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (F.L., M.B.)
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12
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Lee SD, Osei-Twum JA, Wasan KM. Dose-dependent targeted suppression of P-glycoprotein expression and function in Caco-2 cells. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2323-30. [PMID: 23611024 PMCID: PMC3674641 DOI: 10.1021/mp300668e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The efflux transporter P-glycoprotein
(Pgp), encoded by the ABCB1 gene, decreases the bioavailability
of a wide range
of orally administered drugs. Drug permeability studies using the
in vitro Caco-2 cell model commonly rely on small molecule modulators
to estimate the contribution of Pgp to drug efflux. The use of such
modulators may be limited by their interactions with other membrane
transporters. RNA interference, a tool allowing for the specific degradation
of a target gene’s mRNA, has emerged as a technique to study
gene expression and function. This manuscript describes the use of
chemically modified small interfering RNA (siRNA) for a dose-dependent
suppression of ABCB1 in Caco-2 cells and the subsequent
drug permeability assay. We transfected Caco-2 cells while in suspension
with chemically modified synthetic siRNA–lipid complexes and
then seeded the cells on polycarbonate semipermeable supports. Once
the monolayer of Caco-2 cells formed tight junctions and expressed
brush border enzymes, we determined the dose-dependent suppression
of the ABCB1 gene using RT-qPCR. We measured the
duration of silencing at the optimal siRNA dose by Western blot for
Pgp protein. The utility of this in vitro model was determined by
performing bidirectional transport studies using a well-established
substrate for Pgp, rhodamine 123. A single 4 h transfection of the
Caco-2 cells with ≥100 nM siRNA reduced the expression of ABCB1 mRNA by >85% at day five in culture. The time-course
study revealed that the single transfection reduces Pgp protein levels
for 9 days in culture. This magnitude of silencing was sufficient
to reduce the efflux of rhodamine 123 as measured by the apparent
permeability coefficient and intracellular accumulation. In this study,
we demonstrate the dose-dependent, targeted degradation of Pgp in
Caco-2 cells as a new model for assessing drug efflux from enterocytes.
The dose-dependent nature of the Pgp silencing in this study offers
significant improvements over other approaches to creating a Caco-2
model with suppressed ABCB1 expression. We envision
that this technique, in conjunction with better small molecule inhibitors,
will provide a useful tool for future drug permeability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
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13
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Pinzón-Daza M, Garzón R, Couraud P, Romero I, Weksler B, Ghigo D, Bosia A, Riganti C. The association of statins plus LDL receptor-targeted liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin increases in vitro drug delivery across blood-brain barrier cells. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:1431-47. [PMID: 22788770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the efficacy of chemotherapy in brain tumours. For instance, the anticancer drug doxorubicin, which is effective against glioblastoma in vitro, has poor efficacy in vivo, because it is extruded by P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-related proteins and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in BBB cells. The aim of this study was to convert poorly permeant drugs like doxorubicin into drugs able to cross the BBB. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Experiments were performed on primary human cerebral microvascular endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells, alone and co-cultured with human brain and epithelial tumour cells. KEY RESULTS Statins reduced the efflux activity of Pgp/ABCB1 and BCRP/ABCG2 in hCMEC/D3 cells by increasing the synthesis of NO, which elicits the nitration of critical tyrosine residues on these transporters. Statins also increased the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors exposed on the surface of BBB cells, as well as on tumour cells like human glioblastoma. We showed that the association of statins plus drug-loaded nanoparticles engineered as LDLs was effective as a vehicle for non-permeant drugs like doxorubicin to cross the BBB, allowing its delivery into primary and metastatic brain tumour cells and to achieve significant anti-tumour cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We suggest that our 'Trojan horse' approach, based on the administration of statins plus a LDL receptor-targeted liposomal drug, might have potential applications in the pharmacological therapy of different brain diseases for which the BBB represents an obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ml Pinzón-Daza
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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14
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Ikemura K, Inoue K, Mizutani H, Oka H, Iwamoto T, Okuda M. An antioxidant Trolox restores decreased oral absorption of cyclosporine A after liver ischemia–reperfusion through distinct mechanisms between CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in the small intestine. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 690:192-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Koshkin V, Krylov SN. Correlation between multi-drug resistance-associated membrane transport in clonal cancer cells and the cell cycle phase. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41368. [PMID: 22848474 PMCID: PMC3405118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance driven by ABC membrane transporters is one of the major reasons for treatment failure in human malignancy. Some limited evidence has previously been reported on the cell cycle dependence of ABC transporter expression. However, it has never been demonstrated that the functional activity of these transporters correlates with the cell cycle position. Here, we studied the rate of intrinsic ABC transport in different phases of the cell cycle in cultured MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The rate was characterized in terms of the efflux kinetics from cells loaded with an ABC transporter substrate. As averaging the kinetics over a cell population could lead to errors, we studied kinetics of ABC transport at the single-cell level. We found that the rate of ABC transport in MCF-7 cells could be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics with two classical parameters, V(max) and K(M). Each of these parameters showed similar unimodal distributions with different positions of maxima for cell subpopulations in the 2c and 4c states. Compared to the 2c cells, the 4c cells exhibited greater V(max) values, indicating a higher activity of transport. They also exhibited a greater V(max)/K(M) ratio, indicating a higher efficiency of transport. Our findings suggest that cell cycle-related modulation of MDR may need to be taken into account when designing chemotherapy regimens which include cytostatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilij Koshkin
- Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergey N. Krylov
- Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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16
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van Dijk A, Naaijkens BA, Jurgens WJFM, Oerlemans R, Scheffer GL, Kassies J, Aznou J, Brouwer M, van Rossum AC, Schuurhuis GJ, van Milligen FJ, Niessen HWM. The multidrug resistance protein breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) protects adipose-derived stem cells against ischemic damage. Cell Biol Toxicol 2012; 28:303-15. [PMID: 22801743 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-012-9225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are promising candidates for regenerative therapy, like after myocardial infarction. However, when transplanted into the infarcted heart, ASCs are jeopardized by the ischemic environment. Interestingly, it has been shown that multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins like the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) have a protective effect in haematopoietic stem cells. In ASC, however, only expression of BCRP was shown until now. In this study, we therefore analysed the expression and functional activity of BCRP and P-gp and their putative function in ischemia in ASC. BCRP and P-gp protein expression was studied over time (passages 2-6) using western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. MDR activity was analysed using protein-specific substrate extrusion assays. Ischemia was induced using metabolic inhibition. All analyses demonstrated protein expression and activity of BCRP in ASCs. In contrast, only minor expression of P-gp was found, without functional activity. BCRP expression was most prominent in early passage ASCs (p2) and decreased during culture. Finally, ischemia induced expression of BCRP. In addition, when BCRP was blocked, a significant increase in dead ASCs was found already after 1 h of ischemia. In conclusion, ASCs expressed BCRP, especially in early passages. In addition, we now show for the first time that BCRP protects ASCs against ischemia-induced cell death. These data therefore indicate that for transplantation of ASCs in an ischemic environment, like myocardial infarction, the optimal stem cell protective effect of BCRP theoretically will be achieved with early culture passages ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van Dijk
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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17
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic physical and biological barrier between blood circulation and the central nervous system (CNS). This unique feature of the BBB lies in the structure of the neurovascular unit and its cerebral micro-vascular endothelial cells. The BBB restricts the passage of blood-borne drugs, neurotoxic substances and peripheral immune cells from entering the brain, while selectively facilitating the transport of nutrients across the BBB into the brain. Thus, the integrity and proper function of the BBB is crucial to homeostasis and physiological function of the CNS. A number of transport and carrier systems are expressed and polarized on the luminal or abluminal surface of the BBB to realize these discrete functions. Among these systems, ABC transporters play a critical role in keeping drugs and neurotoxic substances from entering the brain and in transporting toxic metabolites out of the brain. A number of studies have demonstrated that ABCB1 and ABCG2 are critical to drug efflux at the BBB and that ABCC1 is essential for the blood-cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) barrier. The presence of these efflux ABC transporters also creates a major obstacle for drug delivery into the brain. We have comprehensively reviewed the literature on ABC transporters and drug efflux at the BBB. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these transporters is important in the development of new drugs and new strategies for drug delivery into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Shen
- Neurobiology Program, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0R6
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18
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Robertson SJ, Kania KD, Hladky SB, Barrand MA. P-glycoprotein expression in immortalised rat brain endothelial cells: comparisons following exogenously applied hydrogen peroxide and after hypoxia-reoxygenation. J Neurochem 2009; 111:132-41. [PMID: 19656260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Levels of multidrug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on endothelial cells lining brain blood vessels are important for limiting access of many compounds to the brain. In vivo studies have indicated that ischaemia-reperfusion that generates reactive oxygen species also increases P-gp levels in brain endothelial cells. To investigate possible mechanisms, in vitro studies were performed on immortalised (GPNT) and primary rat brain endothelial cells. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (200 microM) resulted in intracellular oxidative stress as detected from higher levels of dichlorofluorescein fluorescence and raised levels of P-gp protein, mdr1a and mdr1b transcripts and, in GPNT cells, increased mdr1a and mdr1b promoter activity. The P-gp protein increases were abolished by pre-treatment with polyethylene glycol-catalase and were curtailed by co-culture with primary rat astrocytes. Exposure of GPNT cells to 6 h hypoxia followed by 24 h reoxygenation produced less intracellular oxidative stress as judged from smaller increments in dichlorofluorescein fluorescence but still resulted in raised levels of P-gp protein, an effect partially abolished by pre-treatment with polyethylene glycol-catalase. However, transcript levels and promoter activities were not significantly increased. These data suggest that hydrogen peroxide contributes to P-gp up-regulation following hypoxia-reoxygenation but the underlying mechanisms of its actions differ from those occurring after direct hydrogen peroxide application.
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19
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Assef Y, Rubio F, Coló G, del Mónaco S, Costas MA, Kotsias BA. Imatinib resistance in multidrug-resistant K562 human leukemic cells. Leuk Res 2008; 33:710-6. [PMID: 18977528 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The multidrug resistance phenotype (MDR) is one of the major causes of failure in cancer chemotherapy and it is associated with the over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp or MDR1) in tumor cell membranes. A constitutive NF-kappaB activity has been observed in several haematological malignancies and this is associated with its anti-apoptotic role. In the present work, the relationship between NF-kappaB and MDR phenotype was evaluated in wild type K562 human leukemic cells (K562-WT) and in its vincristine-resistant counterpart, K562-Vinc cells. These data showed that K562-Vinc cells, which express an active P-gp, exhibited MDR phenotype. The resistant indexes (IC(50)(K562-Vinc)/IC(50)(K562-WT)) for structurally unrelated drugs like imatinib, doxorubicin and colchicine were 8.0+/-0.3, 2.8+/-0.4 and 44.8+/-8.8, respectively. The imatinib resistance was reversed by P-gp blockade suggesting the involvement of P-gp in imatinib transport. We observed that NF-kappaB was constitutively activated in both cell lines but in a lesser extent in K562-Vinc. The inhibition of NF-kappaB with BAY 11-7082 increased the cytotoxicity of imatinib in K562-Vinc cells but not in K562-WT. Further, the co-administration of imatinib and BAY 11-7082 sensitized multidrug-resistant K562 cells to cell death as detected by increased percentage of annexin V positive cells. The induced cell death in K562-Vinc cells was associated with activation of caspases 9 and 3. Finally, we provide data showing that BAY 11-7082 down-regulates the expression of P-gp suggesting that the activity of NF-kappaB could be functionally associated to this protein in K562 cells. Our results indicate that the vincristine-resistant K562 cells which developed MDR phenotype, exhibited resistance to imatinib associated with a functional P-gp over-expression. This resistance could be partially overcome by the inhibition of NF-kappaB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Assef
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Conicet, Argentina
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20
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Randle R, Raguz S, Higgins C, Yagüe E. Role of the highly structured 5'-end region of MDR1 mRNA in P-glycoprotein expression. Biochem J 2007; 406:445-55. [PMID: 17573715 PMCID: PMC2049040 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of P-glycoprotein, encoded by the MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1) gene, is often responsible for multidrug resistance in acute myeloid leukaemia. We have shown previously that MDR1 (P-glycoprotein) mRNA levels in K562 leukaemic cells exposed to cytotoxic drugs are up-regulated but P-glycoprotein expression is translationally blocked. In the present study we show that cytotoxic drugs down-regulate the Akt signalling pathway, leading to hypophosphorylation of the translational repressor 4E-BP [eIF (eukaryotic initiation factor) 4E-binding protein] and decreased eIF4E availability. The 5'-end of MDR1 mRNA adopts a highly-structured fold. Fusion of this structured 5'-region upstream of a reporter gene impeded its efficient translation, specifically under cytotoxic stress, by reducing its competitive ability for the translational machinery. The effect of cytotoxic stress could be mimicked in vivo by blocking the phosphorylation of 4E-BP by mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) using rapamycin or eIF4E siRNA (small interfering RNA), and relieved by overexpression of either eIF4E or constitutively-active Akt. Upon drug exposure MDR1 mRNA was up-regulated, apparently stochastically, in a small proportion of cells. Only in these cells could MDR1 mRNA compete successfully for the reduced amounts of eIF4E and translate P-glycoprotein. Consequent drug efflux and restoration of eIF4E availability results in a feed-forward relief from stress-induced translational repression and to the acquisition of drug resistance.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics
- 5' Untranslated Regions/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Blotting, Southern
- Drug Resistance/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E/genetics
- Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Randle
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Selina Raguz
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Christopher F. Higgins
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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21
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Souid AK, Gao C, Wang L, Milgrom E, Shen WCW. ELM1 is required for multidrug resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2006; 173:1919-37. [PMID: 16751665 PMCID: PMC1569693 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.057596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transcription of several drug transporter genes, including the major transporter gene PDR5, has been shown to peak during mitosis. The significance of this observation, however, remains unclear. PDR1 encodes the primary transcription activator of multiple drug transporter genes in S. cerevisiae, including PDR5. Here, we show that in synchronized PDR1 and pdr1-3 (multidrug resistant) strains, cellular efflux of a known substrate of ATP-binding-cassette transporters, doxorubicin (a fluorescent anticancer drug), is highest during mitosis when PDR5 transcription peaks. A genetic screen performed to identify regulators of multidrug resistance revealed that a truncation mutation in ELM1 (elm1-300) suppressed the multidrug resistance of pdr1-3. ELM1 encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase required for proper regulation of multiple cellular kinases, including those involved in mitosis, cytokinesis, and cellular morphogenesis. elm1-300 as well as elm1Delta mutations in a pdr1-3 strain also caused elongated bud morphology (indicating a G2/M delay) and reduction of PDR5 transcription under induced and noninduced conditions. Interestingly, mutations in several genes functionally related to ELM1, including cla4Delta, gin4Delta, and cdc28-C127Y, also caused drastic reductions in drug resistance and PDR5 transcription. Collectively, these data show that ELM1, and genes encoding related serine/threonine protein kinases, are required for regulation of multidrug resistance involving, at least in part, control of PDR5 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Kader Souid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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22
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Munteanu E, Verdier M, Grandjean-Forestier F, Stenger C, Jayat-Vignoles C, Huet S, Robert J, Ratinaud MH. Mitochondrial localization and activity of P-glycoprotein in doxorubicin-resistant K562 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 71:1162-74. [PMID: 16499877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is now well-established that P-glycoprotein 170 (P-gp), an efflux pump involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) is overexpressed at the plasma membrane of doxorubicin-resistant K562 leukemia cells. Nevertheless, several results suggested: (i) that P-gp-mediated drug efflux was not the only mechanism involved in resistance; (ii) that intracellular compartments could accumulate the drug, preventing it from reaching its nuclear targets; (iii) that agents able to reverse multidrug resistance may lead to intracellular drug redistribution. We have studied the localization of P-gp in mitochondria as well as its functional properties in this compartment. Using several monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against different P-gp epitopes, a protein was detected in the cytoplasm of two doxorubicin-resistant K562 sublines and, by confocal laser scanning microscopy, this protein was shown to co-localize in the Golgi apparatus and in mitochondria, in equivalent proportions. Purified mitochondria were isolated from K562 cell variants; the presence of a protein of about 170 kDa and reacting with several anti-P-gp antibodies was assessed in MDR cells by Western blotting and flow cytometry. Functional assays have shown that mitochondrial P-gp was involved in doxorubicin accumulation inside the organelle but not in its efflux, suggesting an orientation of P-gp in the mitochondrial membrane inverse to that observed in the plasma membrane. A potential role for mitochondrial P-gp in MDR cells would be to protect the nucleus from doxorubicin. This is the first demonstration of the presence and functional activity of P-gp in mitochondria of MDR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Munteanu
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Mitochondriale, EA 3842 Faculté de Médecine, Limoges, France
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23
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Wartenberg M, Hoffmann E, Schwindt H, Grünheck F, Petros J, Arnold JRS, Hescheler J, Sauer H. Reactive oxygen species-linked regulation of the multidrug resistance transporter P-glycoprotein in Nox-1 overexpressing prostate tumor spheroids. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:4541-4549. [PMID: 16083877 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has been demonstrated to be regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and inhibited by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, P-gp and HIF-1alpha expression were investigated in multicellular prostate tumor spheroids overexpressing the ROS-generating enzyme Nox-1 in comparison to the mother cell line DU-145. In Nox-1-overexpressing tumor spheroids (DU-145Nox1) generation of ROS as well as expression of Nox-1 was significantly increased as compared to DU-145 tumor spheroids. ROS generation was significantly inhibited in the presence of the NADPH-oxidase antagonists diphenylen-iodonium chloride (DPI) and 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF). Albeit growth kinetic of DU-145Nox1 tumor spheroids was decreased as compared to DU-145 spheroids, elevated expression of Ki-67 was observed indicating increased cell cycle activity. In DU-145Nox1 tumor spheroids, expression of HIF-1alpha as well as P-gp was significantly decreased as compared to DU-145 spheroids, which resulted in an increased retention of the anticancer agent doxorubicin. Pretreatment with the free radical scavengers vitamin E and vitamin C increased the expression of P-gp as well as HIF-1alpha in Nox-1-overexpressing cells, whereas no effect of free radical scavengers was observed on mdr-1 mRNA expression. In summary, the data of the present study demonstrate that the development of P-gp-mediated MDR is abolished under conditions of elevated ROS levels, suggesting that the MDR phenotype can be circumvented by modest increase of intracellular ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wartenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, GKSS Research Center, Teltow, Germany
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24
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Wu C, Wangpaichitr M, Feun L, Kuo MT, Robles C, Lampidis T, Savaraj N. Overcoming cisplatin resistance by mTOR inhibitor in lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2005; 4:25. [PMID: 16033649 PMCID: PMC1181826 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-4-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin resistance is complex and involves several different mechanisms. Employing cDNA microarray analysis, we have found that cisplatin resistant cells share the common characteristic of increase in ribosomal proteins and elongation factors. We hypothesize that in order to survive cisplatin treatment, cells have to synthesize DNA repair proteins, antiapoptotic proteins and growth-stimulating proteins. Thus, by blocking the translation of these proteins, one should be able to restore cisplatin sensitivity. We have studied the role of CCI-779, an ester analog of rapamycin which is known to inhibit translation by disabling mTOR, in restoring cisplatin sensitivity in a panel of cisplatin resistant cell lines. We have also determined the role of CCI-779 in P-gp1 and MRP1 mediated resistance. RESULTS Our data show that CCI-779 possess antiproliferative effects in both cisplatin sensitive and resistant cell lines, but shows no effect in P-gp1 and MRP1 overexpressing cell lines. Importantly, CCI-779 at 10 ng/ml (less that 10% of the growth inhibitory effect) can increase the growth inhibition of cisplatin by 2.5-6 fold. Moreover, CCI-779 also enhances the apoptotic effect of cisplatin in cisplatin resistant cell lines. In these resistant cells, adding CCI-779 decreases the amount of 4E-BP phosphorylation and p-70S6 kinase phosphorylation as well as lower the amount of elongation factor while cisplatin alone has no effect. However, CCI-779 can only reverse P-gp mediated drug resistance at a higher dose(1 ug/ml). CONCLUSION We conclude that CCI-779 is able to restore cisplatin sensitivity in small cell lung cancer cell lines selected for cisplatin resistance as well as cell lines derived from patients who failed cisplatin. These findings can be further explored for future clinical use. On the other hand, CCI-779 at achievable clinical concentration, has no growth inhibitory effect in P-gp1 or MRP1 overexpressing cells. Furthermore, CCI-779 also appears to be a weak MDR1 reversal agent. Thus, it is not a candidate to use in MDR1 or MRP1 overexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Wu
- University of Miami School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12 Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- University of Miami School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12 Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lynn Feun
- University of Miami School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12 Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marcus Tien Kuo
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX. 77030, USA
| | - Carlos Robles
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, V.A. Medical center, 1201 NW 16Street, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Theodore Lampidis
- University of Miami School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12 Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, V.A. Medical center, 1201 NW 16Street, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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25
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Günthert AR, Gründker C, Bongertz T, Nagy A, Schally AV, Emons G. Induction of apoptosis by AN-152, a cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), in LHRH-R positive human breast cancer cells is independent of multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) system. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 87:255-64. [PMID: 15528968 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-004-8806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More than 50% of human breast cancers express receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-R). These receptors can be used for targeted chemotherapy with agents like AN-152, in which doxorubicin is linked to analog [D-Lys6]LHRH. We compared the effects of AN-152 and doxorubicin in human breast cancer cells. METHODS MCF-7, T47D, HCC-70 and ZR-75-1 cells were analysed for expression of LHRH-R using RT-PCR, immunostaining and flow cytometry. Apoptosis and expression of MDR-1 gene product Pgp were measured by flow cytometry. Cleavage of doxorubicin from AN-152 by serum carboxylesterase (CE) was inhibited by DFP. RESULTS In MCF-7, T47D and HCC-70 cells we found cell surface expression of LHRH-R. In ZR-75-1 cells only sparse surface expression was found. In HCC-70 cells, induction of apoptosis by AN-152 was stronger than by doxorubicin in medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS). Pretreatment with DFP increased AN-152-induced apoptosis in LHRH-R positive MCF-7 and HCC-70 cells and reduced apoptosis in ZR-75-1 cells. In serum-free medium apoptosis induced by AN-152 was stronger than that induced by doxorubicin in HCC-70, T47D and MCF-7 cells, but weaker in ZR-75-1 cells. In medium containing FCS, both AN-152 and doxorubicin induced surface expression of MDR-1 gene product Pgp, but the effect of AN-152 was weaker. Pgp-expression induced by AN-152 was inhibited by pretreatment with DFP. AN-152 did not induce Pgp-expression in serum-free medium. CONCLUSION The cytotoxic LHRH analog AN-152 induces apoptosis independent of MDR-1 in LHRH-R positive breast cancer cells. The efficacy and/or specificity of AN-152 is improved by suppression or absence of CE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R Günthert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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Günthert AR, Gründker C, Bongertz T, Schlott T, Nagy A, Schally AV, Emons G. Internalization of cytotoxic analog AN-152 of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone induces apoptosis in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cell lines independent of multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) system. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191:1164-72. [PMID: 15507937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eighty percent of human ovarian and endometrial cancers express receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-R). These receptors can be used for targeted chemotherapy with agents such as AN-152, in which doxorubicin is linked to analog [D-Lys(6)]-LHRH. Direct receptor-mediated antiproliferative effects of AN-152 have been shown in vitro and in vivo. In LHRH-R positive cell lines, AN-152 was more effective than doxorubicin at equimolar concentrations. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of action of AN-512 in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells in vitro. Study design Three ovarian (SKOV-3, NIH:OVCAR-3, EFO-21) and 2 endometrial carcinoma cell lines (Ishikawa, HEC-1A) were evaluated for doxorubicin- or AN-152-induced apoptosis. Internalization and cytoplasmic release of AN-152 was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy and inhibited by chloroquine. Cleavage of doxorubicin from AN-152 was inhibited by carboxylesterase inhibitor, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). The surface expression of multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) gene product P-glycoprotein (Pgp) was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Induction of apoptosis by AN-152 in LHRH-R positive Ishikawa, HEC-1A, EFO-21, and NIH:OVCAR-3 cells was significantly higher than that induced by doxorubicin, whereas the percentage of apoptotic cells in LHRH-R negative SKOV-3 was higher after treatment with doxorubicin. In EFO-21 cells, apoptosis induced by AN-152 was inhibited by pretreatment with chloroquine. Pretreatment with DFP increased AN-152-induced apoptosis in LHRH-R positive cells and reduced apoptosis in LHRH-R negative SKOV-3. Both AN-152 and doxorubicin induced surface expression of MDR-1 gene product Pgp, but the effect of AN-152 was smaller than that of doxorubicin. Pgp surface expression induced by AN-152 was inhibited by pretreatment with DFP. CONCLUSION AN-152 is internalized through the LHRH-R and induces apoptosis in LHRH-R-positive human ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines without activating the MDR-1 efflux pump system. The efficacy and specificity of AN-152 is inversely correlated with carboxylesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R Günthert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Goralski KB, Hartmann G, Piquette-Miller M, Renton KW. Downregulation of mdr1a expression in the brain and liver during CNS inflammation alters the in vivo disposition of digoxin. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 139:35-48. [PMID: 12746221 PMCID: PMC1573825 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Inflammation is a pathophysiological event that has relevance for altered drug disposition in humans. Two functions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) are hepatic drug elimination and prevention of drug entry into the central nervous system (CNS). Our objective was to investigate if localized CNS inflammation induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) would modify mdr1a/P-gp expression and function in the brain and liver. 2. Our major finding was that the CNS inflammation in male rats produced a loss in the expression of mdr1a mRNA in the brain and liver that was maximal 6 h after intracranial ventricle (i.c.v.) administration of LPS. When (3)H-digoxin was used at discrete time points, as a probe for P-gp function in vivo, an increase in brain and liver (3)H-radioactivity and plasma level of parent digoxin was produced 6 and 24 h following LPS treatment compared to the saline controls. Digoxin disposition was similarly altered in mdr1a(+/+) mice but not in mdr1a(-/-) mice 24 h after administering LPS i.c.v. 3. In male rats, the biliary elimination of parent digoxin was reduced at 24 h (60%) and 48 h (40%) after LPS treatment and was blocked by the P-gp substrate cyclosporin A. An observed loss in CYP3A1/2 protein and organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 mRNA in the liver may make a minor contribution to digoxin elimination in male rats after LPS treatment. 4. Conditions which impose inflammation in the CNS produce dynamic changes in mdr1a/P-gp expression/function that may alter hepatic drug elimination and the movement of drugs between the brain and the periphery. The use of experimental models of brain inflammation may provide novel insight into the regulation of P-gp function in that organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry B Goralski
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7
| | - Georgy Hartmann
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S2
| | | | - Kenneth W Renton
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7
- Author for correspondence:
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López-Camarillo C, Luna-Arias JP, Marchat LA, Orozco E. EhPgp5 mRNA stability is a regulatory event in the Entamoeba histolytica multidrug resistance phenotype. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:11273-80. [PMID: 12556531 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m211757200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in Entamoeba histolytica is characterized by the overexpression of the EhPgp5 gene in trophozoites grown in high drug concentrations. Here we evaluated the role of EhPgp5 mRNA stability on MDR using actinomycin D. EhPgp5 mRNA from trophozoites growing without emetine had a half-life of 2.1 h, which augmented to 3.1 h in cells cultured with 90 microM and to 7.8 h with 225 microM emetine. Polyadenylation sites were detected at 118-, 156-, and 189-nucleotide (nt) positions of the EhPgp5 mRNA 3'-untranslated region. Interestingly, trophozoites grown with 225 microM emetine exhibited an extra polyadenylation site at 19 nt. The 3'-untranslated region sequence is AU-rich and has putative consensus sequences for RNA-binding proteins. We detected a RNA-protein complex in a region that contains a polypyrimidine tract (142-159 nt) and a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (146-154 nt). A longer poly(A) tail in the EhPgp5 mRNA was seen in trophozoites grown with 225 microM emetine. Emetine stress may affect factors involved in mRNA turnover, including polyadenylation/deadenylation proteins, which could induce changes in the EhPgp5 mRNA half-life and poly(A) tail length. Novel evidence on mechanisms participating in E. histolytica MDR phenotype is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- César López-Camarillo
- Programa de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatia del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CP 07300, México, Distrito Federal
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Yague E, Armesilla AL, Harrison G, Elliott J, Sardini A, Higgins CF, Raguz S. P-glycoprotein (MDR1) expression in leukemic cells is regulated at two distinct steps, mRNA stabilization and translational initiation. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:10344-52. [PMID: 12525496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m211093200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia is often conferred by overexpression of P-glycoprotein, encoded by the MDR1 gene. We have characterized the key regulatory steps in the development of multidrug resistance in K562 myelogenous leukemic cells. Unexpectedly, up-regulation of MDR1 levels was not due to transcriptional activation but was achieved at two distinct post-transcriptional steps, mRNA turnover and translational regulation. The short-lived (half-life 1 h) MDR1 mRNA of naive cells (not exposed to drugs) was stabilized (half-life greater than 10 h) following short-term drug exposure. However, this stabilized mRNA was not associated with translating polyribosomes and did not direct P-glycoprotein synthesis. Selection for drug resistance, by long-term exposure to drug, led to resistant lines in which the translational block was overcome such that the stabilized mRNA was translated and P-glycoprotein expressed. The absence of a correlation between steady-state MDR1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein levels was not restricted to K562 cells but was found in other lymphoid cell lines. These findings have implications for the avoidance or reversal of multidrug resistance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Yague
- Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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