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Shen LL, Jiang ML, Liu SS, Cai MC, Hong ZQ, Lin LQ, Xing YY, Chen GL, Pan R, Yang LJ, Xu Y, Dong J. Curcumin improves synaptic plasticity impairment induced by HIV-1gp120 V3 loop. Neural Regen Res 2015. [PMID: 26199609 PMCID: PMC4498354 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been shown to significantly improve spatial memory impairment induced by HIV-1 gp120 V3 in rats, but the electrophysiological mechanism remains unknown. Using extracellular microelectrode recording techniques, this study confirmed that the gp120 V3 loop could suppress long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampal CA1 region and synaptic plasticity, and that curcumin could antagonize these inhibitory effects. Using a Fura-2/AM calcium ion probe, we found that curcumin resisted the effects of the gp120 V3 loop on hippocampal synaptosomes and decreased Ca2+ concentration in synaptosomes. This effect of curcumin was identical to nimodipine, suggesting that curcumin improved the inhibitory effects of gp120 on synaptic plasticity, ameliorated damage caused to the central nervous system, and might be a potential neuroprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming-Liang Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Si Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min-Chun Cai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Hong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Qing Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gui-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Xu
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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National estimation of rates of HIV serology testing in US emergency departments 1993-2005: baseline prior to the 2006 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations. AIDS 2008; 22:2127-34. [PMID: 18832876 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328310e066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 2006 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations place increased emphasis on emergency departments (EDs) as one of the most important medical care settings for implementing routine HIV testing. No longitudinal estimates exist regarding national rates of HIV testing in EDs. We analyzed a nationally representative ED database to assess HIV testing rates and characterize patients who received HIV testing, prior to the release of the 2006 guidelines. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of US ED visits (1993-2005) using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was performed. METHODS Patients aged 13-64 years were included for analysis. Diagnoses were grouped with Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Clinical Classifications Software. Analyses were performed using procedures for multiple-stage survey data. RESULTS HIV testing was performed in an estimated 2.8 million ED visits (95% confidence interval, 2.4-3.2) or a rate of 3.2 per 1000 ED visits (95% confidence interval, 2.8-3.7). Patients aged 20-39 years, African-American, and Hispanic had the highest testing rates. Among those tested, leading reasons for visit were abdominal pain (9%), puncture wound/needlestick (8%), rape victim (6%), and fever (5%). The leading medication class prescribed was antimicrobials (32%). The leading ED diagnosis was injury/poisoning (30%) followed by infectious diseases (18%). Of note, 6% of those tested were diagnosed with HIV infection during their ED visits. CONCLUSION Prior to the release of the 2006 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for routine HIV testing in all healthcare settings, baseline national HIV testing rates in EDs were extremely low and appeared to be driven by clinical presentation.
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Tun C, Guo W, Nguyen H, Yun B, Libby RT, Morrison RS, Garden GA. Activation of the extrinsic caspase pathway in cultured cortical neurons requires p53-mediated down-regulation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein to induce apoptosis. J Neurochem 2007; 102:1206-19. [PMID: 17488272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cultured cortical neurons exposed to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 coat protein undergo apoptosis involving activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9. Additionally, gp120-mediated neuronal apoptosis requires the pro-apoptotic transcription factor p53. As caspase-8-induced apoptosis does not typically require p53, we examined the possibility of a novel role for p53 in caspase-8 activation initiated by gp120. We observed that gp120 treatment of cultured cortical neurons induced caspase-8 activity and Bid cleavage independently of p53, but induction of caspase-3 enzymatic activity required p53 expression. These findings suggested the possibility that p53 down-regulates a caspase-3 inhibitor. We observed high-level expression of the caspase-3/9 inhibitor X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in cultured cortical neurons. Adenoviral expression of p53 or induction of endogenous p53 by camptothecin treatment reduced XIAP protein in neurons. Infection with a p53 expressing adenovirus increased expression of the mRNA for Omi/HtrA2, a protease that cleaves and inactivates XIAP. These findings suggest that p53 regulates neuronal apoptosis, in part, by suppressing the anti-apoptotic protein XIAP via transcriptional activation of Omi/HtrA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tun
- Department of Neurology, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Parsons TD, Rogers S, Hall C, Robertson K. Motor based assessment of neurocognitive functioning in resource-limited international settings. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2007; 29:59-66. [PMID: 17162722 DOI: 10.1080/13803390500488538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study compared variance accounted for by neuropsychological tests in both a brief motor battery and in a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. 327 HIV+ subjects received a comprehensive cognitive battery and a shorter battery (Timed Gait, Grooved Pegboard, and Fingertapping). A significant correlation existed between the motor component tests and the more comprehensive battery (52% of variance). Adding Digit symbol and Trailmaking increased the amount of variance accounted for (73%). Motor battery sensitivity to impairment diagnosis was 0.79 and specificity was 0.76. A motor battery may have broader utility to diagnose and monitor HIV related neurocognitive disorders in international settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Parsons
- Center [corrected] for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA.
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Eugenin EA, Osiecki K, Lopez L, Goldstein H, Calderon TM, Berman JW. CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mediates enhanced transmigration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier: a potential mechanism of HIV-CNS invasion and NeuroAIDS. J Neurosci 2006; 26:1098-106. [PMID: 16436595 PMCID: PMC6674577 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3863-05.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Encephalitis and dementia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are characterized by leukocyte infiltration into the CNS, microglia activation, aberrant chemokine expression, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and eventual loss of neurons. Little is known about whether human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection of leukocytes affects their ability to transmigrate in response to chemokines and to alter BBB integrity. We now demonstrate that HIV infection of human leukocytes results in their increased transmigration across our tissue culture model of the human BBB in response to the chemokine CCL2, as well as in disruption of the BBB, as evidenced by enhanced permeability, reduction of tight junction proteins, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. HIV-infected cells added to our model did not transmigrate in the absence of CCL2, nor did this condition alter BBB integrity. The chemokines CXCL10/interferon-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kDa, CCL3/macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, or CCL5/RANTES (regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) did not enhance HIV-infected leukocyte transmigration or BBB permeability. The increased capacity of HIV-infected leukocytes to transmigrate in response to CCL2 correlated with their increased expression of CCR2, the chemokine receptor for CCL2. These data suggest that CCL2, but not other chemokines, plays a key role in infiltration of HIV-infected leukocytes into the CNS and the subsequent pathology characteristic of NeuroAIDS.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Electronic medical devices (EMDs) with downloadable memories, such as implantable cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators, drug pumps, insulin pumps, and glucose monitors, are now an integral part of routine medical practice in the United States, and functional organ replacements, such as the artificial heart, pancreas, and retina, will most likely become commonplace in the near future. Often, EMDs end up in the hands of the pathologist as a surgical specimen or at autopsy. No established guidelines for systematic examination and reporting or comprehensive reviews of EMDs currently exist for the pathologist. OBJECTIVE To provide pathologists with a general overview of EMDs, including a brief history; epidemiology; essential technical aspects, indications, contraindications, and complications of selected devices; potential applications in pathology; relevant government regulations; and suggested examination and reporting guidelines. DATA SOURCES Articles indexed on PubMed of the National Library of Medicine, various medical and history of medicine textbooks, US Food and Drug Administration publications and product information, and specifications provided by device manufacturers. STUDY SELECTION Studies were selected on the basis of relevance to the study objectives. DATA EXTRACTION Descriptive data were selected by the author. DATA SYNTHESIS Suggested examination and reporting guidelines for EMDs received as surgical specimens and retrieved at autopsy. CONCLUSIONS Electronic medical devices received as surgical specimens and retrieved at autopsy are increasing in number and level of sophistication. They should be systematically examined and reported, should have electronic memories downloaded when indicated, will help pathologists answer more questions with greater certainty, and should become an integral part of the formal knowledge base, research focus, training, and practice of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Weitzman
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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Malbergier A, Schöffel AC. Tratamento de depressão em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462001000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A infecção pelo HIV/Aids é freqüentemente associada a transtornos psiquiátricos. Dentre eles, a depressão é o mais comum. O diagnóstico e o tratamento dos transtornos depressivos são fundamentais para melhorar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Esta revisão tem como objetivo sintetizar e discutir os resultados mais importantes da literatura a respeito das particularidades do tratamento dos transtornos depressivos em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV. São discutidos a epidemiologia, o quadro clínico, a influência da depressão na evolução da infecção, o tratamento farmacológico com antidepressivos, testosterona e psicoestimulantes e a interação farmacológica entre os antidepressivos e benzodiazepínicos e as drogas antivirais. Conclui-se que o tratamento antidepressivo nessa população é eficaz, seguro e não promove imunossupressão nos indivíduos afetados.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Malbergier
- Universidade de São Paulo; Grupo Interdisciplinar de Estudos de Álcool e Drogas, Brasil
| | - Adriana C Schöffel
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Abstract
The major neurological complications associated with HIV infection include cognitive, behavioral, and motor disturbances, which may range in severity from subtle, mild cognitive deficits to the clinical syndrome referred to as HIV-associated dementia or AIDS dementia complex (ADC). As with Alzheimer's type dementia, caregivers for people with HIV/AIDS have the overwhelming and burdensome task of caring for someone with deteriorating cognitive abilities, increasing physical debilitation, and changes in personality. This article describes ADC as well as some of the similarities and differences from Alzheimer's type dementia, and offers some special considerations for older adults and HIV.
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Ernst T, Itti E, Itti L, Chang L. Changes in cerebral metabolism are detected prior to perfusion changes in early HIV-CMC: A coregistered (1)H MRS and SPECT study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 12:859-65. [PMID: 11105023 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2586(200012)12:6<859::aid-jmri8>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-cognitive motor complex (HIV-CMC), a common complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. Functional imaging methods, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), have been applied to assess the severity of brain injury. However, it is unclear which of these two methods is more sensitive in detecting brain abnormalities in patients with early HIV-CMC. Twenty-four HIV-CMC patients were compared with 34 healthy subjects; each had quantitative SPECT ((133)Xenon-calibrated (99m)Tc-HMPAO) and quantitative (1)H-MRS. Both modalities were co-registered in order to assess regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and metabolite concentrations within the same voxel of interest in four brain regions (midfrontal and midparietal gray matter, temporoparietal white matter, and basal ganglia). On SPECT, only the temporoparietal white matter showed a trend for decreased rCBF in HIV-CMC patients (-13%, P = 0.06). On MRS, HIV-CMC patients showed significantly reduced creatine concentration in the basal ganglia (-8%, P = 0.008), as well as increased myoinositol concentrations in the basal ganglia (+25%, P = 0.01) and the temporoparietal white matter (+18%, P = 0.08). There was no significant correlation between SPECT and MRS variables in the patients in any region. (1)H MRS showed abnormal neurochemistry in the basal ganglia, whereas rCBF on SPECT was normal in the same region. This finding suggests that metabolite concentrations on (1)H MRS are better surrogate markers than rCBF measurements with SPECT for the evaluation of brain injury in early HIV-CMC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:859-865.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ernst
- Department of Radiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA.
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