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Stump AL, Rioux DJ, Albright R, Melki GL, Prosser DC. Yeast Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 8 Mimic Phenotypes Seen in Mammalian Cells Expressing Mutant VAPB P56S. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1147. [PMID: 37509182 PMCID: PMC10377116 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that results in the loss of motor neurons and can occur sporadically or due to genetic mutations. Among the 30 genes linked to familial ALS, a P56S mutation in VAPB, an ER-resident protein that functions at membrane contact sites, causes ALS type 8. Mammalian cells expressing VAPBP56S have distinctive phenotypes, including ER collapse, protein and/or membrane-containing inclusions, and sensitivity to ER stress. VAPB is conserved through evolution and has two homologs in budding yeast, SCS2 and SCS22. Previously, a humanized version of SCS2 bearing disease-linked mutations was described, and it caused Scs2-containing inclusions when overexpressed in yeast. Here, we describe a yeast model for ALS8 in which the two SCS genes are deleted and replaced with a single chromosomal copy of either wild-type or mutant yeast SCS2 or human VAPB expressed from the SCS2 promoter. These cells display ER collapse, the formation of inclusion-like structures, and sensitivity to tunicamycin, an ER stress-inducing drug. Based on the phenotypic similarity to mammalian cells expressing VAPBP56S, we propose that these models can be used to study the molecular basis of cell death or dysfunction in ALS8. Moreover, other conserved ALS-linked genes may create opportunities for the generation of yeast models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnnaMari L. Stump
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rioux
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Richard Albright
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Guiliano L. Melki
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Derek C. Prosser
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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2
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Juvenile Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121935. [PMID: 34946884 PMCID: PMC8701111 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS) is a rare group of motor neuron disorders with gene association in 40% of cases. JALS is defined as onset before age 25. We conducted a literature review of JALS and gene mutations associated with JALS. Results of the literature review show that the most common gene mutations associated with JALS are FUS, SETX, and ALS2. In familial cases, the gene mutations are mostly inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and mutations in SETX are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Disease prognosis varies from rapidly progressive to an indolent course. Distinct clinical features may emerge with specific gene mutations in addition to the clinical finding of combined upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. In conclusion, patients presenting with combined upper and lower motor neuron disorders before age 25 should be carefully examined for genetic mutations. Hereditary patterns and coexisting features may be useful in determining prognosis.
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3
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Picher-Martel V, Brunet F, Dupré N, Chrestian N. The Occurrence of FUS Mutations in Pediatric Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Child Neurol 2020; 35:556-562. [PMID: 32281455 DOI: 10.1177/0883073820915099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons and leading to progressive paralysis. Most cases are sporadic, and the symptoms generally begin in the sixth or seventh decade. Juvenile ALS appears in a rare subgroup of patients with onset before the age of 25 years old. Contrary to the classical adult phenotype where 90% of cases are sporadic, most cases of juvenile ALS are caused by a genetic mutation in either SOD1 (superoxide dismutase one), SETX (senataxin), or FUS (fused in sarcoma). In the pediatric population, ALS is more infrequent and rarely considered in the differential diagnosis. There are few reports of ALS in children. Here, we describe a 14-year-old boy with a very fast progressing classical ALS phenotype and tremor caused by a c.1554_1557delACAG mutation in FUS. Our review of the literature advocates that pediatric ALS is highly suggestive of FUS mutations and that gene should be tested in children presenting with symptoms of ALS. The children with FUS-related ALS may have no family history and present initially with learning disabilities, tremor, and mild motor developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Picher-Martel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University and CHU de Québec- Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada.,These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Francis Brunet
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University and CHU de Québec- Laval University, Québec, Canada.,These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University and CHU de Québec- Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chrestian
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Paediatric Neuromuscular Disorder, Centre Mère Enfant Soleil, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Lin HX, Tao QQ, Wei Q, Chen CX, Chen YC, Li HF, Gitler AD, Wu ZY. Identification and functional analysis of novel mutations in the SOD1 gene in Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 20:222-228. [PMID: 30887850 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1582668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective involvement of motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). The most common causative gene of ALS in the Chinese population is the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene, which accounts for 20-42.9% of familial ALS (FALS) and 1-2% of sporadic ALS (SALS) cases. In this study, we identify three novel SOD1 mutations, Gly17Cys, Pro75Ser, and His121Gln, in four ALS pedigrees. A functional analysis was performed, and the results showed that all three mutations could lead to the formation of misfolded proteins. In addition, genotype-phenotype correlations in these patients are also described. Our study helps to characterize the genotype and phenotype of ALS with SOD1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xia Lin
- a Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology , First Affiliated Hospital Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Qing-Qing Tao
- b Department of Neurology and Research Centre of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China , and
| | - Qiao Wei
- b Department of Neurology and Research Centre of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China , and
| | - Cong-Xin Chen
- a Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology , First Affiliated Hospital Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Yu-Chao Chen
- b Department of Neurology and Research Centre of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China , and
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- b Department of Neurology and Research Centre of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China , and
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- c Department of Genetics , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- a Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology , First Affiliated Hospital Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China.,b Department of Neurology and Research Centre of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China , and
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5
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Gromicho M, Pinto S, Gisca E, Pronto-Laborinho AC, Andersen PM, de Carvalho M. Frequency of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion and SOD1 mutations in Portuguese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:325.e7-325.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Liu ZJ, Lin HX, Liu GL, Tao QQ, Ni W, Xiao BG, Wu ZY. The investigation of genetic and clinical features in Chinese patients with juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Genet 2017; 92:267-273. [PMID: 28429524 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS) occurs at an age of onset below 25 years with a heterogeneous disease onset location, variable progression and survival time. To investigate whether an ALS gene profile could resolve any aspects of clinical symptom heterogeneity, we have used targeted sequencing technology in a cohort of 12 JALS patients of Chinese descent. We detected 5 likely pathogenic mutations, 2 in familial probands and 3 in sporadic patients. One was a known TARDBP mutation (p.G348V) and 4 were FUS frameshift mutations including a known p.Gln519Ilefs*9 mutation and 3 novel mutations, p.Gly515Valfs*14, p.Gly486Profs*30, and p.Arg498Alafs*32. Of the 4 FUS mutations, 2 were able to be confirmed as de novo mutations. The TARDBP mutation carrier showed a classic ALS phenotype. All patients with FUS mutations experienced limb weakness at an early age and developed bulbar symptoms during the disease course. FUS mutations have previously been associated with increased JALS disease progression, however, we found a large range 12 to 84 months in disease survival (mean 58.2 months). Our results justify future screening for variants in FUS as it remains the most frequent genetic determinant of early onset, JALS (found in 30% of our patients).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-J Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H-X Lin
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - G-L Liu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q-Q Tao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - W Ni
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - B-G Xiao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z-Y Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Zou ZY, Liu MS, Li XG, Cui LY. Mutations in FUS are the most frequent genetic cause in juvenile sporadic ALS patients of Chinese origin. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2016; 17:249-52. [PMID: 26972116 DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2016.1143012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile onset ALS is a very rare form of motor neuron disease, with the first symptoms of motor neuron degeneration manifested before 25 years of age. Mutations in the alsin (ALS2), senataxin (SETX), and spatacsin (SPG11) genes have been associated with familial ALS with juvenile onset and slow progression, whereas the genetic architecture of sporadic juvenile ALS remains unclear. We screened mutations in C9orf72, SOD1, FUS, TARDBP, ANG, VCP and PFN1 in 16 juvenile sporadic ALS patients. Four cases (25%) carrying FUS mutations and one individual (6%) harbouring a SOD1 mutation were identified. All cases had an aggressive disease course. Our results suggest that FUS mutations are the most frequent genetic cause in early-onset sporadic ALS patients of Chinese origin. Genetic testing of FUS should be performed in early-onset ALS patients especially those with an aggressive disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Yu Zou
- a Department of Neurology , Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou and.,b Department of Neurology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Ming-Sheng Liu
- b Department of Neurology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- b Department of Neurology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Li-Ying Cui
- b Department of Neurology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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8
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Zou ZY, Liu MS, Li XG, Cui LY. Mutations in SOD1 and FUS caused juvenile-onset sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with aggressive progression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:221. [PMID: 26488017 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.09.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a very rare form of motor neuron disease, with the first symptoms of motor neuron degeneration manifested before 25 years of age. Juvenile ALS is more frequently familial in nature than the adult-onset forms. Mutations in the alsin (ALS2), senataxin (SETX), and Spatacsin (SPG11) have been associated with familial ALS with juvenile onset and slowly progression. Here we reported two apparently sporadic ALS with juvenile onset and aggressive progression caused by mutations in the SOD1 and FUS gene. We also reviewed juvenile-onset ALS in publications. Our findings, together with other researches, confirms that both SOD1 and FUS mutations can lead to juvenile-onset malignant form of ALS and should be screened in ALS patients with an earlier age of onset, aggressive progression, even if there is no apparent family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Yu Zou
- 1 Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Liu
- 1 Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Li
- 1 Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Li-Ying Cui
- 1 Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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9
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Zou ZY, Cui LY, Sun Q, Li XG, Liu MS, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Yang XZ. De novo FUS gene mutations are associated with juvenile-onset sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in China. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 34:1312.e1-8. [PMID: 23046859 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare form of motor neuron disease and occurs before 25 years of age. Only very few sporadic cases of juvenile-onset ALS have been reported. Rare SOD1 mutations and several FUS mutations have been identified in juvenile-onset ALS patients. To define the genetics of juvenile-onset sporadic ALS (SALS) of Chinese origin, we sequenced all 5 exons of SOD1, exons 3-6 and 12-15 of FUS in 11 juvenile-onset SALS patients, 105 adult-onset ALS patients (including 6 familial ALS [FALS] pedigrees), and 245 healthy controls. For the 11 juvenile-onset SALS and 6 FALS cases, the other 7 exons of FUS were also screened. A heterozygous de novo missense mutation c.1574C>T (p.P525L), a heterozygous de novo 2-base pair deletion c.1509_1510delAG (p.G504Wfs*12), and a nonsense mutation c.1483C>T (p.R495X) was each identified in 1 juvenile SALS patient. A heterozygous missense mutation c.1561C>G (p.R521G) was identified in a FALS proband. In the Chinese population, the frequency of FUS mutation in FALS is 11.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9%-22.0%), higher than the Japanese (10%; 95% CI, 0.7%-19.3%), and Caucasians (4.9%; 95% CI, 3.9%-6.0%). The frequency of FUS mutation in SALS patients is 1.5% (95% CI, 0.2%-2.9%), which is similar to Koreans (1.6%; 95% CI, 0%-3.2%), but higher than in Caucasians (0.6%; 95% CI, 0.4%-0.8%). Our findings suggest that de novo FUS mutations are associated with juvenile-onset SALS of Chinese origin and that this gene should be screened in ALS patients with a young age of onset, aggressive progression, and sporadic occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Yu Zou
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Fecto F, Siddique T. SIGMAR1 mutations, genetic heterogeneity at the chromosome 9p locus, and the expanding etiological diversity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2011; 70:867-70. [PMID: 22190360 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Making connections: pathology and genetics link amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal lobe dementia. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 45:663-75. [PMID: 21901496 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, there has been a growing body of clinical, genetic, and histopathological evidence that similar pathological processes underlie amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and some types of frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTD). Even though there is great diversity in the genetic causes of these disorders, there is a high degree of overlap in their histopathology. Genes linked to rare cases of familial ALS and/or FTD, like FUS, TARDBP, OPTN, and UBQLN2 may converge onto a unifying pathogenic pathway and thereby provide novel therapeutic targets common to a spectrum of etiologically diverse forms of ALS and ALS-FTD. Additionally, there are major loci for ALS-FTD on chromosomes 9p and 15q. Identification of causative genetic alterations at those loci will be an important step in understanding the pathogenesis of juvenile- and adult-onset ALS and ALS-FTD. Interactions between TDP-43, FUS, optineurin, and ubiquilin 2 need to be studied to understand their common molecular pathways. Future efforts should also be directed towards generation and characterization of in vivo models to dissect the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases. Such efforts will rapidly accelerate the discovery of new drugs that regulate accumulation of pathogenic proteins and their downstream consequences.
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High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis of the Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) Gene in Japanese Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (SALS) Patients. Neurol Res Int 2011; 2011:165415. [PMID: 21603025 PMCID: PMC3096298 DOI: 10.1155/2011/165415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and the majority of ALS are sporadic (SALS). Recently, several causative genes for familial ALS (FALS) were identified, but the cause of the SALS is still unknown. This time, we aimed to identify the genetic background of SALS. First, we applied the new sensitive screening methods: high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. HRM analysis detected 18 out of 19 known SOD1 gene mutations (94.7% sensitivity). Next, we screened SOD1, three novel mutations (C6Y, Q22H, and S134T) were identified in our own 184 SALS cases (1.63% prevalence), and four mutations in another 255 SALS cases (1.56% prevalence) registered from all over Japan. The patients with SOD1 mutations suggested a relatively young onset and limb involvement at onset. The HRM analysis is a sensitive and easy screening method; we will use this method for screening other ALS causative genes and revealing the genetic background of SALS.
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Syriani E, Morales M, Gamez J. The p.E22G mutation in the Cu/Zn superoxide-dismutase gene predicts a long survival time. J Neurol Sci 2009; 285:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Seetharaman SV, Prudencio M, Karch C, Holloway SP, Borchelt DR, Hart PJ. Immature copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:1140-54. [PMID: 19596823 DOI: 10.3181/0903-mr-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause an inherited form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease, motor neuron disease). Insoluble forms of mutant SOD1 accumulate in neural tissues of human ALS patients and in spinal cords of transgenic mice expressing these polypeptides, suggesting that SOD1-linked ALS is a protein misfolding disorder. Understanding the molecular basis for how the pathogenic mutations give rise to SOD1 folding intermediates, which may themselves be toxic, is therefore of keen interest. A critical step on the SOD1 folding pathway occurs when the copper chaperone for SOD1 (CCS) modifies the nascent SOD1 polypeptide by inserting the catalytic copper cofactor and oxidizing its intrasubunit disulfide bond. Recent studies reveal that pathogenic SOD1 proteins coming from cultured cells and from the spinal cords of transgenic mice tend to be metal-deficient and/or lacking the disulfide bond, raising the possibility that the disease-causing mutations may enhance levels of SOD1-folding intermediates by preventing or hindering CCS-mediated SOD1 maturation. This mini-review explores this hypothesis by highlighting the structural and biophysical properties of the pathogenic SOD1 mutants in the context of what is currently known about CCS structure and action. Other hypotheses as to the nature of toxicity inherent in pathogenic SOD1 proteins are not covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai V Seetharaman
- Department of Biochemistry and the X-ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
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Kovalyov LI, Kovalyova MA, Burakova MV, Eremina LS, Shishkin SS, Shigeev SV, Serebryakova MV, Zakharova MN, Zavalishin IA. Studies of the pathogenesis of slow neuroinfections using proteomic techniques. NEUROCHEM J+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712407040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Kim HY, Ki CS, Koh SH, Park KH, Sunwoo IN, Kim SH. Clinical characteristics of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a Phe20Cys mutation in the SOD1 gene in a Korean family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 8:73-8. [PMID: 17453632 DOI: 10.1080/17482960701223154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Familial ALS (FALS) is mostly inherited as an age-dependent autosomal dominant trait. Since the discovery of mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), testing for SOD1 gene mutations has become a routine part of the investigation into ALS patients with a family history. This study reports the results of mutation evaluation and clinical features examination in a Korean family with ALS. The clinical symptoms, signs and neurological findings of a four-generation pedigree with 34 members were collected. Five exons of the Cu/Zn SOD gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The clinical signs and symptoms of ALS patients began in the lower extremities and spread to the upper extremities and bulbar muscles. The mode of transmission was determined to be autosomal dominant, and low penetrance was seen in females. The age at onset varied from 37 to 77 years. ALSFRS-R testing showed variability in the clinical progression of the disease. A point mutation in exon 1 of the SOD1 gene, resulting in an amino acid change from phenylalanine 20 to cysteine (F20C), was identified. This is the first report of clinical features resulting from the Phe20Cys mutation in the SOD1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul
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17
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Orban P, Devon RS, Hayden MR, Leavitt BR. Chapter 15 Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2007; 82:301-312. [PMID: 18808900 DOI: 10.1016/s0072-9752(07)80018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several forms of genetically defined juvenile amy-otrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have now been charac-terized and discussion of these conditions will form the basis for this chapter. ALS2 is an autosomal recessive form of ALS with a juvenile onset and very slow progression that mapped to chromosome 2q33. Nine different mutations have been identified in the ALS2 gene that result in premature stop codons, suggesting a loss of function in the gene product, alsin. The alsin protein is thought to function as a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for GTPases and may play a role in vesicle transport or membrane trafficking processes. ALS4 is an autosomal dominant form of juvenile onset ALS associated with slow progression, severe muscle weakness and pyramidal signs, in the absence of bulbar and sensory abnormalities. Mutations in the SETX gene cause ALS4, and the SETX gene product senataxin may have DNA and RNA helicase activity and play a role in the regulation of RNA and/or DNA in the cell. A third form of juvenile-onset ALS (ALS5) is associated with slowly progressing lower motor neuron signs (weak-ness and atrophy) initially of the hands and feet, with eventual bulbar involvement. Progressive upper motor neuron disease becomes more obvious with time. ALS5 has been linked to a 6 cM region of chromosome 15q15.1-q21.1, but the causative gene mutation for ALS5 has yet to be identified. The high degree of clin-ical and genetic heterogeneity in the various forms of juvenile ALS can make differential diagnosis difficult, other genetic disorders that must be considered include: spinal muscular atrophy, hereditary spastic paraplegia, SBMA, GM2 gangliosidosis and the hereditary motor neuronopathies/motor forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Acquired disorders that must also be consid-ered include heavy metal intoxications (especially lead), multifocal motor neuropathy, paraneoplastic syndromes, vitamin deficiencies (B12) and infections (HTLV-II, HIV and poliomyelitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Orban
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics and British Columbia Research Institute for Women and Children's Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Chapter 8 Genetic Aspects of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Motor Neuron Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1877-3419(09)70109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
Mutations of the SOD1 gene, encoding the enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, have been identified in around 20% of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and also in patients with apparently sporadic ALS. The table documents the mutations identified and published to date, and references clinical and pathological descriptions of the patients and families with individual mutations. The table includes 63 different mutations of SOD1 at 43 codons, three intronic sites, and two in the 3' untranslated region. Most of the mutations are heterozygotes, with autosomal dominant inheritance, but a small number of individuals appear to be sporadic, or are homozygotes with autosomal dominant recessive inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Orrell
- University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
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Camu W, Khoris J, Moulard B, Salachas F, Briolotti V, Rouleau GA, Meininger V. Genetics of familial ALS and consequences for diagnosis. French ALS Research Group. J Neurol Sci 1999; 165 Suppl 1:S21-6. [PMID: 10448977 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) is a well-recognised condition that accounts for almost 10% of all cases of ALS. Most cases are now known to be transmitted by an autosomal dominant trait. When fALS is compared clinically to sporadic ALS, 20% of cases manifest atypical features such as pain, paraesthesia or urgency micturition. Moreover, a disease duration of over 10 years, with very slow progression, appears to occur almost exclusively in cases of fALS. Studies of superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutations in fALS have shown that the disease may be multidegenerative, with oculomotor or cerebellar involvement. Molecular genetics has also demonstrated that not all SOD1 mutations have a dominant influence, and the detailed description of the Scandinavian D90A homozygous mutation is very informative in this regard. Misdiagnosis of fALS can be attributed to one of the following situations: (i) atypical phenotype ALS with a multidegenerative profile; (ii) unusually long lasting ALS with mild motor neuron involvement; (iii) significant clinical heterogeneity between affected family members; (iv) low reliability of family history; (v) existence of an unknown or unexpected mode of transmission; and (vi) other multidegenerative disorders with motor neuron involvement. Pedigrees and fALS cases corresponding to these situations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Camu
- Department of Neurology B, INSERM CJF 97-02, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France.
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