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Cornelison R, Marrah L, Fierti A, Piczak C, Glowczyk M, Tajammal A, Lynch S, Li H. The Potential for Targeting AVIL and Other Actin-Binding Proteins in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14196. [PMID: 37762498 PMCID: PMC10531751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft-tissue cancer with a survival rate below 27% for high-risk children despite aggressive multi-modal therapeutic interventions. After decades of research, no targeted therapies are currently available. Therapeutically targeting actin-binding proteins, although promising, has historically been challenging. Recent advances have made this possibility more salient, including our lab's identification of advillin (AVIL), a novel oncogenic actin-binding protein that plays a role in many cytoskeletal functions. AVIL is overexpressed in many RMS cell lines, patient-derived xenograft models, and a cohort of 30 clinical samples of both the alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal (ERMS) subtypes. Overexpression of AVIL in mesenchymal stem cells induces neoplastic transformation both in vitro and in vivo, and reversing overexpression through genetic modulation reverses the transformation. This suggests a critical role of AVIL in RMS tumorigenesis and maintenance. As an actin-binding protein, AVIL would not traditionally be considered a druggable target. This perspective will address the feasibility of targeting differentially expressed actin-binding proteins such as AVIL therapeutically, and how critical cell infrastructure can be damaged in a cancer-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Zhu LR, Zheng W, Gao Q, Chen T, Pan ZB, Cui W, Cai M, Fang H. Epigenetics and genetics of hepatoblastoma: Linkage and treatment. Front Genet 2022; 13:1070971. [PMID: 36531231 PMCID: PMC9748487 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is a malignant embryonal tumor with multiple differentiation modes and is the clearest liver malignancy in children. However, little is known about genetic and epigenetic events in Hepatoblastoma. Increased research has recently demonstrated, unique genetic and epigenetic events in Hepatoblastoma, providing insights into its origin and precise treatment. Some genetic disorders and congenital factors are associated with the risk of Hepatoblastoma development, such as the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Familial Adenomatous polyposis, and Hemihypertrophy. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA modifications, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation are also essential in the development of Hepatoblastoma. Herein, we reviewed genetic and epigenetic events in Hepatoblastoma, focusing on the relationship between these events and cancer susceptibility, tumor growth, and prognosis. By deciphering the genetic and epigenetic associations in Hepatoblastoma, tumor pathogenesis can be clarified, and guide the development of new anti-cancer drugs and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-ran Zhu
- Anhui Institute of Pediatric Research, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wanqun Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology Surgery, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Tianping Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Zhu-bin Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Anhui Institute of Pediatric Research, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Anhui Institute of Pediatric Research, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, China
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Lim JS, Lee SE, Kim JH, Kim JH. Characteristics of adrenocortical carcinoma in South Korea: a registry-based nationwide survey. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:519-529. [PMID: 32438344 PMCID: PMC7354716 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) in South Korea. METHODS A nationwide, registry-based survey was conducted to identify pathologically proven ACC at 25 tertiary care centers in South Korea between 2000 and 2014. Cox proportional hazard model and log-rank test were adopted for survival analysis. RESULTS Two hundred four patients with ACC were identified, with a median follow-up duration of 20 months (IQR 5-52 months). The median age at diagnosis was 51.5 years (IQR 40-65.8 years), and ACC was prevalent in women (n = 110, 53.9%). Abdominal pain was the most common clinical symptom (n = 70, 40.2%), and ENSAT stage 2 was most common (n = 62, 30.4%) at the time of diagnosis. One hundred sixty-nine patients underwent operation, while 17 were treated with other modalities. The remission rate was 48%, and median recurrence-free survival time was 46 months. Estimated 5-year recurrence-free rate was 44.7%. There were more women, large tumor, atypical mitosis, venous invasion, and higher mitotic count in cancer recurrence group. Estimated 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 64.5 and 70.6%, respectively. Higher ENSAT stage and advanced pathologic characteristics were risk factors for all-cause mortality of ACC. Large tumor size and cortisol-secreting tumor were additional risk factors for ACC-specific death. CONCLUSIONS We report the first epidemiologic study regarding ACC in an Asian population. ENSAT stage 4; lymph node involvement; non-operative group; and invasion of vein, sinusoid, or capsule were associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Correspondence should be addressed to J H Kim or J H Kim: or
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Correspondence should be addressed to J H Kim or J H Kim: or
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Costa TEJ, Gerber VKQ, Ibañez HC, Melanda VS, Parise IZS, Watanabe FM, Pianovski MAD, Fiori CMCM, Fabro ALMR, da Silva DB, Andrade DP, Komechen H, Mendes MC, Carboni E, Kuczynski AP, Souza EN, Paraizo MM, Ibañez MVC, Castilho LM, Cruz AF, da Maia TF, Machado-Souza C, Rosati R, Oliveira CS, Parise GA, Passos JDC, Barbosa JRS, Figueiredo MMO, Lima L, Tormen T, Sabbaga CC, Ávilla SGA, Grisa L, Aranha A, Tosin KCF, Ogradowski KRP, Lima G, Legal EF, Anegawa TH, Mazzuco TL, Grion AL, Balbinotti JHG, Dammski KL, Melo RG, Kiesel Filho N, Custódio G, Figueiredo BC. Penetrance of the TP53 R337H Mutation and Pediatric Adrenocortical Carcinoma Incidence Associated with Environmental Influences in a 12-Year Observational Cohort in Southern Brazil. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111804. [PMID: 31744167 PMCID: PMC6896071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The TP53 R337H mutation is associated with increased incidence of pediatric adrenocortical tumor (ACT). The different environmental conditions where R337H carriers live have not been systematically analyzed. Here, the R337H frequencies, ACT incidences, and R337H penetrance for ACT were calculated using the 2006 cohort with 4165 R337H carriers living in Paraná state (PR) subregions. The effectiveness of a second surveillance for R337H probands selected from 42,438 tested newborns in PR (2016 cohort) was tested to detect early stage I tumor among educated families without periodical exams. Estimation of R337H frequencies and ACT incidence in Santa Catarina state (SC) used data from 50,115 tested newborns without surveillance, ACT cases from a SC hospital, and a public cancer registry. R337H carrier frequencies in the population were 0.245% (SC) and 0.306% (PR), and 87% and 95% in ACTs, respectively. The ACT incidence was calculated as ~6.4/million children younger than 10 years per year in PR (95% CI: 5.28; 7.65) and 4.15/million in SC (CI 95%: 2.95; 5.67). The ACT penetrance in PR for probands followed from birth to 12 years was 3.9%. R337H carriers living in an agricultural subregion (C1) had a lower risk of developing pediatric ACT than those living in industrial and large urban subregion (relative risk = 2.4). One small ACT (21g) without recurrence (1/112) was detected by the parents in the 2016 cohort. ACT incidence follows R337H frequency in each population, but remarkably environmental factors modify these rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E. J. Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
- Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão, R. Rui Barbosa, 152, Agronômica, Florianópolis 88025-301, SC, Brazil
| | - Viviane K. Q. Gerber
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Rua Simeão Varela de Sá, 03, Vila Carli, Guarapuava 85040-080, PR, Brazil
| | - Humberto C. Ibañez
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Viviane S. Melanda
- Secretaria do Estado da Saúde do Paraná, R. Piquiri, 170, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-140, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivy Z. S. Parise
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
- Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão, R. Rui Barbosa, 152, Agronômica, Florianópolis 88025-301, SC, Brazil
| | - Flora M. Watanabe
- Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Desembargador Motta, 1070, Água Verde, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Mara A. D. Pianovski
- Oncologia Pediátrica, Hospital Erasto Gaertner, R. 201, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81520-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Carmem M. C. M. Fiori
- Hospital do Câncer, UOPECCAN, R. Itaquatiaras, 769, Santo Onofre, Cascavel 85806-300, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana L. M. R. Fabro
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
- Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Desembargador Motta, 1070, Água Verde, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Denise B. da Silva
- Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão, R. Rui Barbosa, 152, Agronômica, Florianópolis 88025-301, SC, Brazil
| | - Diancarlos P. Andrade
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Komechen
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Monalisa C. Mendes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Edna Carboni
- Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Desembargador Motta, 1070, Água Verde, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Kuczynski
- Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Desembargador Motta, 1070, Água Verde, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle N. Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Paraizo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Marilea V. C. Ibañez
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Laura M. Castilho
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda F. Cruz
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Thuila F. da Maia
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Cleber Machado-Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Roberto Rosati
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Claudia S. Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A. Parise
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline D. C. Passos
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - José R. S. Barbosa
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Mirna M. O. Figueiredo
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Leniza Lima
- Oncologia Pediátrica, Hospital Erasto Gaertner, R. 201, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81520-060, PR, Brazil
- Oncologia Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, R. Gen. Carneiro, 181, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80060-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tormen
- Oncologia Pediátrica, Hospital Erasto Gaertner, R. 201, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81520-060, PR, Brazil
- Oncologia Pediátrica, Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, R. Gen. Carneiro, 181, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80060-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Cesar C. Sabbaga
- Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Desembargador Motta, 1070, Água Verde, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Sylvio G. A. Ávilla
- Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Desembargador Motta, 1070, Água Verde, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Leila Grisa
- Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Desembargador Motta, 1070, Água Verde, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Airton Aranha
- Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Desembargador Motta, 1070, Água Verde, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Karina C. F. Tosin
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Karin R. P. Ogradowski
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Geneci Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Edith F. Legal
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Tania H. Anegawa
- Oncologia Pediátrica, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid-PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Oncologia Pediátrica, Hospital do Câncer de Londrina, Rua Lucilla Ballalai, 212, Jardim Petrópolis, Londrina 86015-520, PR, Brazil
| | - Tânia L. Mazzuco
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rua Robert Koch, 60, Vila Operária, Londrina 86038-350, PR, Brazil
| | - André L. Grion
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - José H. G. Balbinotti
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Karin L. Dammski
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosiane G. Melo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
| | - Nilton Kiesel Filho
- Hospital Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Desembargador Motta, 1070, Água Verde, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Custódio
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
| | - Bonald C. Figueiredo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Rebouças, Curitiba 80230-020, Brazil
- Centro de Genética Molecular e Pesquisa do Câncer em Crianças (CEGEMPAC-APACN), Av. Agostinho Leão Junior, 400, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80030-110, PR, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, R. Padre Camargo, 280, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80060-240, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Feinberg
- From the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, and the Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health - all in Baltimore
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Spalteholz M, Gulow J. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma infiltrating thoracic spine in a 59-year-old female patient: Case report. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2017; 6:Doc11. [PMID: 28868225 PMCID: PMC5525316 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents a malignant tumor of skeletal muscle cells arising from rhabdomyoblasts. RMS represents the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. In adults it is uncommon and accounts for less than 1% of all malignant solid tumors. While treatment protocols are well known for children, there is no standardized regimen in adults. This is one reason, why the outcome in adults is worse than in children. We present the case of a 59-year-old female patient with pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma (PRMS) infiltrating the thoracic spine. Multimodality treatment was performed including en-bloc resection, adjuvant multidrug chemotherapy and radiation beam therapy. The patient was tumor free and had no relapse within 6 month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Gulow
- Department of Spine Surgery, Helios Park-Klinikum, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Leichter AL, Sullivan MJ, Eccles MR, Chatterjee A. MicroRNA expression patterns and signalling pathways in the development and progression of childhood solid tumours. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:15. [PMID: 28103887 PMCID: PMC5248531 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of childhood solid tumours is tied to early developmental processes. These tumours may be complex and heterogeneous, and elucidating the aberrant mechanisms that alter the early embryonic environment and lead to disease is essential to our understanding of how these tumours function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital regulators of gene expression at all stages of development, and their crosstalk via developmental signalling pathways is essential for orchestrating regulatory control in processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of cells. Oncogenesis, from aberrant miRNA expression, can occur through amplification and overexpression of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs), genetic loss of tumour suppressor miRNAs, and global miRNA reduction from genetic and epigenetic alterations in the components regulating miRNA biogenesis. While few driver mutations have been identified in many of these types of tumours, abnormal miRNA expression has been found in a number of childhood solid tumours compared to normal tissue. An exploration of the network of key developmental pathways and interacting miRNAs may provide insight into the development of childhood solid malignancies and how key regulators are affected. Here we present a comprehensive introduction to the roles and implications of miRNAs in normal early development and childhood solid tumours, highlighting several tumours in depth, including embryonal brain tumours, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Wilms tumour, and hepatoblastoma. In light of recent literature describing newer classifications and subtyping of tumours based on miRNA profiling, we discuss commonly identified miRNAs, clusters or families associated with several solid tumours and future directions for improving therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Leichter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 56 Hanover Street, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 56 Hanover Street, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 56 Hanover Street, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Han JJ, Xue DW, Han QR, Liang XH, Xie L, Li S, Wu HY, Song B. Induction of apoptosis by IGFBP3 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10085-9. [PMID: 25556430 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.23.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises a group of proteins that play key roles in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in a variety of cellular systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) in hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of IGF2, IGFBP3, and PTEN was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Lentivirus vectors were used to overexpress IGFBP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) lines. The effect of IGFBP3 on proliferation was investigated by MTT and colony formation assays. RESULTS Expression of IGF2, IGFBP3, and PTEN in several HCC cell lines was lower than in normal cell lines. After 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine/trichostatin A treatment, significant demethylation of the promoter region of IGFBP3 was observed in HCC cells. Overexpression of IGFBP3 induced apoptosis and reduced colony formation in HUH7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Expression of IGF2, IGFBP3, and PTEN in several HCC cell lines was lower than in normal cell lines. After 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine/ trichostatin A treatment, significant demethylation of the promoter region of IGFBP3 was observed in HCC cells. Overexpression of IGFBP3 induced apoptosis and reduced colony formation in HUH7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Han
- Department of Cancer Intervention Treatment Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China E-mail :
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9
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Phenotype and Immunophenotype of the Most Common Pediatric Tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 23:313-26. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Pinto EM, Chen X, Easton J, Finkelstein D, Liu Z, Pounds S, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Lund TC, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Boggs K, Yergeau D, Cheng J, Mulder HL, Manne J, Jenkins J, Mastellaro MJ, Figueiredo BC, Dyer MA, Pappo A, Zhang J, Downing JR, Ribeiro RC, Zambetti GP. Genomic landscape of paediatric adrenocortical tumours. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6302. [PMID: 25743702 PMCID: PMC4352712 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis. Here we analyze 37 adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) by whole genome, whole exome and/or transcriptome sequencing. Most cases (91%) show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 11p, with uniform selection against the maternal chromosome. IGF2 on chromosome 11p is overexpressed in 100% of the tumors. TP53 mutations and chromosome 17 LOH with selection against wild-type TP53 are observed in 28 ACTs (76%). Chromosomes 11p and 17 undergo copy-neutral LOH early during tumorigenesis, suggesting tumor-driver events. Additional genetic alterations include recurrent somatic mutations in ATRX and CTNNB1 and integration of human herpesvirus-6 in chromosome 11p. A dismal outcome is predicted by concomitant TP53 and ATRX mutations and associated genomic abnormalities, including massive structural variations and frequent background mutations. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the nature, timing and potential prognostic significance of key genetic alterations in pediatric ACT and outline a hypothetical model of pediatric adrenocortical tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Zhifa Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Troy C Lund
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- 1] The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA [3] Department of Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Kristy Boggs
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Donald Yergeau
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Heather L Mulder
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Jayanthi Manne
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Jesse Jenkins
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | | | | | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Alberto Pappo
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - James R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Raul C Ribeiro
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Gerard P Zambetti
- Department of Biochemistry, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Aronson DC, Czauderna P, Maibach R, Perilongo G, Morland B. The treatment of hepatoblastoma: Its evolution and the current status as per the SIOPEL trials. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2014; 19:201-7. [PMID: 25336801 PMCID: PMC4204244 DOI: 10.4103/0971-9261.142001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the Review: To describe the significant improvement in the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of children diagnosed with hepatoblastoma (HB) that has occurred in the past four decades. Recent findings are mainly focused on lessons learned from the experiences of the Childhood Liver Tumors Strategy Group (SIOPEL). Important milestones were the risk stratification of HB that allowed to tailor down therapy for standard-risk HB and intensify treatment for high-risk HB. The multi-institutional international cooperative SIOPEL trials are reviewed and current treatment guidelines are given. Intensified cooperation between the SIOPEL and the Children's Oncology Group (COG) and the national study groups from Germany (GPOH) and Japan (JPLT) led to the acceptance and use of one staging system (PRETEXT) and the formation of a single robust database containing data of 1605 HB patients. This will allow analysis with enough statistical power of treatment directing factors that will form one of the bases of the next-generation clinical trial that is currently designed by all four collaborating study groups. Summary: Successive SIOPEL trials and increasing international collaboration have improved survival rates of patients with HB through risk stratification, advances in chemotherapy and increased complete resection rates including liver transplantation as a surgical option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Aronson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Queen Elisabeth Central Hospital, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Piotr Czauderna
- Department of Surgery and Urology for Children and Adolescents, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rudolf Maibach
- Department of statistics, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Perilongo
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Padua, Italy
| | - Bruce Morland
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Zhang Y, Su HJ, Pan KF, Zhang L, Ma JL, Shen L, Li JY, Liu WD, Oze I, Matsuo K, Yuasa Y, You WC. Methylation status of blood leukocyte DNA and risk of gastric cancer in a high-risk Chinese population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2019-26. [PMID: 25086101 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the relationship between methylation status of blood leukocyte DNA and risk of gastric cancer, a population-based study was conducted in Linqu County. METHODS Methylation levels of IGFII and N33 were determined by quantitative methylation-specific PCR. The temporal trend of methylation levels during gastric cancer development was investigated in 133 gastric cancer cases from two cohorts with pre- and/or post-gastric cancer samples. As the references of pre-GCs, 204 intestinal metaplasia (IM) or dysplasia (DYS) subjects who did not progress to gastric cancer during the follow-up period were selected. Meanwhile, 285 subjects with superficial gastritis/chronic atrophic gastritis (SG/CAG) were also selected as controls. RESULTS IGFII median methylation level was significantly higher in gastric cancer cases than those with SG/CAG (61.47% vs. 49.73%; P < 0.001). IGFII and N33 methylation levels were elevated at least 5 years ahead of clinical gastric cancer diagnosis comparing with SG/CAG (63.38% vs. 49.73% for IGFII, 9.12% vs. 5.70% for N33; all P < 0.001). Furthermore, the frequency of hypermethylated IGFII was markedly increased in IM or DYS subjects who progressed to gastric cancer in contrast to those who remained with IM and DYS, and adjusted ORs were 12.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.81-41.15] for IM and 10.12 (95% CI, 2.68-38.22) for DYS. Similar results were also found for N33 in subjects with IM (OR, 3.77; 95% CI, 1.20-11.86). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that hypermethylated IGFII and N33 in blood leukocyte DNA were associated with risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. IMPACT IGFII and N33 methylation status may be related to gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Juan Su
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Lian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-You Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Isao Oze
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Yuasa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei-Cheng You
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
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Hettmer S, Archer NM, Somers GR, Novokmet A, Wagers AJ, Diller L, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Teot LA, Malkin D. Anaplastic rhabdomyosarcoma in TP53 germline mutation carriers. Cancer 2013; 120:1068-75. [PMID: 24382691 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents a diverse category of myogenic malignancies with marked differences in molecular alterations and histology. This study examines the question if RMS predisposition due to germline TP53 mutations correlates with certain RMS histologies. METHODS The histology of RMS tumors diagnosed in 8 consecutive children with TP53 germline mutations was reviewed retrospectively. In addition, germline TP53 mutation analysis was performed in 7 children with anaplastic RMS (anRMS) and previously unknown TP53 status. RESULTS RMS tumors diagnosed in 11 TP53 germline mutation carriers all exhibited nonalveolar, anaplastic histology as evidenced by the presence of enlarged hyperchromatic nuclei with or without atypical mitotic figures. Anaplastic RMS was the first malignant diagnosis for all TP53 germline mutation carriers in this cohort, and median age at diagnosis was 40 months (mean, 40 months ± 15 months; range, 19-67 months). The overall frequency of TP53 germline mutations was 73% (11 of 15 children) in pediatric patients with anRMS. The frequency of TP53 germline mutations in children with anRMS was 100% (5 of 5 children) for those with a family cancer history consistent with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), and 80% (4 of 5 children) for those without an LFS cancer phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Individuals harboring germline TP53 mutations are predisposed to develop anRMS at a young age. If future studies in larger anRMS cohorts confirm the findings of this study, the current Chompret criteria for LFS should be extended to include children with anRMS irrespective of family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hettmer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Pediatric Hematology/ Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Beristain E, Vicente MA, Guerra I, Gutiérrez-Corres FB, Garin I, Perez de Nanclares G. Disomy as the genetic underlying mechanisms of loss of heterozigosity in SDHD-paragangliomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1012-6. [PMID: 23493432 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D (SDHD) mutations cause pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma syndrome. SDHD, located at chromosome 11q23, shows a parent-of-origin effect because the disease is observed almost exclusively when the mutation is transmitted from the father, although some cases of maternal transmission have been reported. Several hypotheses have been proposed for this peculiar inheritance pattern, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to explain the parent-of-origin effect in a family, mainly affected by paternally transmitted paragangliomas, and with a maternally transmitted renal tumor. PATIENTS Peripheral blood DNA from 15 carriers and 7 tumor DNA samples from SDHD-p.Trp5* carriers were studied. METHODS We conducted mutation genotyping and microsatellite marker analysis in germline and tumor DNA and methylation status analysis in tumor DNA by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. RESULTS Mutation genotyping and microsatellite marker analysis demonstrated loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type allele (maternal) in all studied tumors, except the renal tumor, which lost the mutated allele (maternal), and the prostate tumor, which had no loss of heterozygosity. The methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification demonstrated that the methylation profile corresponded exclusively to the paternal chromosome without genomic loss, suggesting paternal uniparental disomy as the mechanism underlying the parent-of-origin effect in this SDHD family. CONCLUSIONS The paternal uniparental disomy involves the loss of maternally imprinted cell cycle regulators and the overexpression of paternally imprinted growth activators, leading to tumorigenesis in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Beristain
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Planta-2, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, C/José Atxotegui s/n, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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15
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Calton EA, Temple IK, Mackay DJ, Lever M, Ellard S, Flanagan SE, Davies JH, Hussain K, Gray JC. Hepatoblastoma in a child with a paternally-inherited ABCC8 mutation and mosaic paternal uniparental disomy 11p causing focal congenital hyperinsulinism. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:114-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Neoplasms of striated and smooth muscle in children are a diverse group of neoplasms that have some unique aspects in contrast to these tumors in adults. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of infancy and childhood and is relatively common in adolescents. In contrast, smooth muscle tumors are relatively rare, and the various types of rhabdomyoma and smooth and skeletal muscle hamartomas are very uncommon. In recent years, the understanding of the pathologic and genetic aspects of rhabdomyosarcoma has been enhanced by adjunct techniques, such as immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic or molecular genetic analysis. The current classification of rhabdomyosarcoma emphasizes the histologic-prognostic correlations. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of striated and smooth muscle tumors with an emphasis on the unique aspects of these neoplasms in children and adolescents and the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Parham
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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17
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Rougemont AL, McLin VA, Toso C, Wildhaber BE. Adult hepatoblastoma: learning from children. J Hepatol 2012; 56:1392-403. [PMID: 22326463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant liver tumour in infants and young children. Its occurrence in the adult population is debated and has been questioned. The aim of this paper is to review the histological and clinical features of adult hepatoblastoma as described in the adult literature, and to compare the findings with those of paediatric hepatoblastoma. The developmental and molecular aspects of hepatoblastoma are reviewed and their potential contribution to diagnosis of adult hepatoblastoma discussed. Case reports of adult hepatoblastoma identified by a PubMed search of the English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish literature through March 2011 were reviewed. Forty-five cases of hepatoblastoma were collected. Age at presentation was variable. Survival was uniformly poor, except for the rare patients who presented with the relatively differentiated, foetal type. The common denominator between adult and paediatric cases is the occurrence of embryonal or immature aspect of the tumours. Whether the adult cases of hepatoblastoma represent blastemal tumours, stem cell tumours, or unusual differentiation patterns in otherwise more frequent adult liver tumours remains to be established. Adult tumours labelled as hepatoblastoma are characterised by malignant appearing mesenchymal components. Surgical management is the cornerstone of therapy in children and also appears to confer an improved prognosis in adults. Whether adult hepatoblastoma exists, remains controversial. Indeed, several features described in adult cases are markedly different from hepatoblastoma as it is understood in children, and other differential diagnoses should also be entertained. Nonetheless, hepatoblastoma should be considered in adults presenting with primary liver tumours in the absence of pre-existing liver disease. Adult and paediatric patients with immature hepatoblastoma appear to have worse outcomes, and adults presenting with presumed hepatoblastoma have an overall poorer prognosis than children with hepatoblastoma. In all patients, surgery should be the treatment of choice, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Rougemont
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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18
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Altered microRNA Expression Patterns in Hepatoblastoma Patients. Transl Oncol 2011; 2:157-63. [PMID: 19701500 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancers in children are rare representing only 1.1% of malignancies, with an annual incidence rate of 1.5 cases per million. Hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinomas are the most common malignancies of the liver occurring in young people aged 15 years or younger. Molecular basis of both tumors are still unclear, and common markers (i.e., CTNNB1, APC, IGF-2) are not always useful in the characterization of sporadic forms; in this respect, microRNA recently associated with carcinogenesis could play a pivotal role in their onset. CTNNB1 and APC were analyzed by sequencing, and IGF-2 promoter methylation status was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. MicroRNA expression was assayed by microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in hepatoblastoma samples. Although few genomic alterations were detected in ours samples, an altered expression of somemicroRNA in hepatoblastoma was observed. Unsupervised clustering shows that microRNA profile can distinguish tumor from nontumor tissues. Further analyses of microRNA contents in hepatoblastoma compared with hepatocellular carcinoma highlighted four upregulated microRNA (miR-214, miR-199a, miR-150 [P < .01], and miR-125a [P < .05]) and one downregulated microRNA (miR-148a [P < .01]). In conclusion, although our samples were poorly informative from a genetic point of view, they showed a peculiar microRNA expression pattern compared with nontumor tissues and hepatocellular carcinoma. MicroRNA could represent valid markers for the classification of pediatric liver tumors.
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Abstract
Neonatal renal tumours are rare, with only 7% of all neonatal tumours arising from the kidney. Presentation is usually as a flank mass or as a coincidental finding on either antenatal or postnatal ultrasound. Mesoblastic nephroma is the most common tumour to be found at this age, but Wilms' tumour and other malignant and benign tumours occur. Cross sectional imaging is useful to delineate the extent of the disease. Given the low malignant potential of these tumours, treatment is by radical nephroureterctomy, except in cases with bilateral disease or syndromic patients with a high incidence of metachronous tumours. Chemotherapy is rarely indicated. Survival is generally excellent for all tumour types in this age group, the exception being malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney which may have metastases at presentation.
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Hoenerhoff MJ, Hong HH, Ton TV, Lahousse SA, Sills RC. A review of the molecular mechanisms of chemically induced neoplasia in rat and mouse models in National Toxicology Program bioassays and their relevance to human cancer. Toxicol Pathol 2009; 37:835-48. [PMID: 19846892 PMCID: PMC3524969 DOI: 10.1177/0192623309351726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor response in the B6C3F1 mouse, F344 rat, and other animal models following exposure to various compounds provides evidence that people exposed to these or similar compounds may be at risk for developing cancer. Although tumors in rodents and humans are often morphologically similar, underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis are often unknown and may be different between the species. Therefore, the relevance of an animal tumor response to human health would be better determined if the molecular pathogenesis were understood. The underlying molecular mechanisms leading to carcinogenesis are complex and involve multiple genetic and epigenetic events and other factors. To address the molecular pathogenesis of environmental carcinogens, the authors examine rodent tumors (e.g., lung, colon, mammary gland, skin, brain, mesothelioma) for alterations in cancer genes and epigenetic events that are associated with human cancer. National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies have identified several genetic alterations in chemically induced rodent neoplasms that are important in human cancer. Identification of such alterations in rodent models of chemical carcinogenesis caused by exposure to environmental contaminants, occupational chemicals, and other compounds lends further support that they are of potential human health risk. These studies also emphasize the importance of molecular evaluation of chemically induced rodent tumors for providing greater public health significance for NTP evaluated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27519, USA.
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Kaaks R, Stattin P, Villar S, Poetsch AR, Dossus L, Nieters A, Riboli E, Palmqvist R, Hallmans G, Plass C, Friesen MD. Insulin-like growth factor-II methylation status in lymphocyte DNA and colon cancer risk in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease cohort. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5400-5. [PMID: 19549920 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Loss of imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor II (IGFII) gene is a frequent phenomenon in colorectal tumor tissues. Previous reports indicated that subjects with colorectal neoplasias show LOI of IGFII in circulating lymphocytes. Furthermore, LOI of IGFII is strongly related to the methylation of a differentially methylated region (DMR) in intron 2 of IGFII, suggesting that the methylation status could serve as a biomarker for early detection. Thus, hypermethylation of this DMR, even at a systemic level, e.g., in lymphocyte DNA, could be used for screening for colon cancer. To validate this, we performed a case-control study of 97 colon cancer cases and 190 age-matched and gender-matched controls, nested within the prospective Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study cohort. Methylation levels of the IGFII-DMR in lymphocyte DNA were measured at two specific CpG sites of the IGFII-DMR using a mass-spectrometric method called short oligonucleotide mass analysis, the measurements of which showed high reproducibility between replicate measurements for the two CpG sites combined and showed almost perfect validity when performed on variable mixtures of methylated and unmethylated standards. Mean fractions of CpG methylation, for the two CpG sites combined, were identical for cases and controls (0.47 and 0.46, respectively; P(difference) = 0.75), and logistic regression analyses showed no relationship between colon cancer risk and quartile levels of CpG methylation. The results from this study population do not support the hypothesis that colon cancer can be predicted from the different degrees of methylation of DMR in the IGFII gene from lymphocyte DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Hironobu S, Takashi S, Yasuhiro N. Discerning malignancy in resected adrenocotical tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2:1095-105. [PMID: 23496421 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.10.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of adrenocortical tumors discovered incidentally has recently increased owing to the advent of imaging techniques. The most important diagnostic point in evaluation of resected specimens of these tumors is to discern malignancy to determine postoperative management of the patients. OBJECTIVE/METHODS To determine what the effective methods of discerning malignancy in resected specimens of adrenocortical tumors are at this juncture. To provide relevant and practical information pertinent to those involved in the management of patients with adrenocortical tumors. CONCLUSION Careful macroscopic evaluation, including the selection of the specimens submitted and application of the criteria of Weiss for histological diagnosis, is still considered the 'gold standard' for diagnosis of adrenocortical carcinoma. However, it is important to recognize its limitations in the diagnosis of adrenocortical oncocytoma and pediatric adrenocortical tumors. The auxiliary methods that may be of clinical relevance at this juncture include the analysis of the Ki67/MIB-1 labeling index and IGF-II expression in the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasano Hironobu
- Tohoku University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 2-1 Seiryou-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan +81 22 717 7450 ; +81 22 273 5976 ;
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Descartes M, Romp R, Franklin J, Biggio JR, Zehnbauer B. Constitutional H19 hypermethylation in a patient with isolated cardiac tumor. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:2126-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Rassekh SR, Chan S, Harvard C, Dix D, Qiao Y, Rajcan-Separovic E. Screening for submicroscopic chromosomal rearrangements in Wilms tumor using whole-genome microarrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 182:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common sarcoma of childhood. Fortunately, the goal of cure is realistic for the majority of patients with localized tumors. However, management of these patients remains challenging. The fact that the tumor arises in a wide variety of primary sites, some of which are associated with specific patterns of local invasion, regional lymph node spread, and therapeutic response, requires physicians to be familiar with site-specific staging and treatment details. In addition, rhabdomyosarcoma requires multimodality therapy that can be associated with significant acute toxicities and long-term effects, particularly when administered to young children. These factors sometimes present a dilemma as to the best approach to optimize the chance of cure, minimize toxicity, and respect quality of life. The purpose of this review is to discuss 'optimal' management of this complicated tumor. Since the tumor is relatively rare, requires highly specialized care, and important management questions remain to be answered, optimal management of rhabdomyosarcoma includes enrollment in clinical trials whenever possible. Appropriate management begins with establishing the correct pathologic diagnosis, histologic subtype, primary site, extent of disease (International Society of Pediatric Oncology [SIOP]-TNM-Union Internationale Contre le Cancer stage or Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group [IRSG] stage), and extent of resection (IRSG group). Cooperative groups throughout North America and Europe have defined risk-adapted treatment based on these factors; this treatment requires a coordinated management plan that includes surgery, chemotherapy, and usually radiotherapy. The surgical approach for rhabdomyosarcoma is to excise the primary tumor whenever possible without causing major functional or cosmetic deficits. Wide excision is difficult in some primary sites and can be complicated by the fact that the tumor grows in a locally infiltrative manner so that complete resection is often neither possible nor medically indicated. Incompletely resected tumors are generally treated with radiotherapy. The cooperative groups reduce the dose of radiation based on the response of the tumor to chemotherapy and delayed primary resection to differing degrees. Response-adjusted radiation administration may reduce the long-term effects of radiotherapy, such as bone growth arrest, muscle atrophy, bladder dysfunction, and induction of second malignant neoplasms; however, it may also be associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence. All patients with rhabdomyosarcoma require chemotherapy. A backbone of vincristine and dactinomycin with either cyclophosphamide (VAC) or ifosfamide (IVA) has been established. Risk-adapted treatment involves reducing or eliminating the alklyating agent for patients with the most favorable disease characteristics. Clinical trials are ongoing to improve outcomes for higher risk patients; newer agents, such as topotecan or irinotecan, in combination with VAC or use of agents in novel ways are being investigated. Acute and long-term toxicities associated with these chemotherapy regimens include myelosuppression, febrile neutropenia, hepatopathy, infertility, and second malignant neoplasms. A 5-year survival rate >70% has been achieved in recent trials for patients with localized rhabdomyosarcoma. However, the outcome for patients who present with metastatic disease remains poor. In the future, risk-adapted classification of rhabdomyosarcoma will likely be based on biologic features, such as the presence of chromosomal translocations or specific gene expression profiles. It is hoped that newer therapies directed at specific molecular genetic defects will benefit all patients with rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walterhouse
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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de Krijger RR, Claessen SMH, van der Ham F, van Unnik AJM, Hulsbergen-van de Kaa CA, van Leuven L, van Noesel M, Speel EJM. Gain of chromosome 8q is a frequent finding in pleuropulmonary blastoma. Mod Pathol 2007; 20:1191-9. [PMID: 17873899 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pleuropulmonary blastomas are rare malignant intrathoracic tumors of early childhood. They appear as a pulmonary- and/or pleural-based mass and their pathogenesis and relationship to other pediatric solid tumors is not well understood. In this study, paraffin-embedded material of five cases of pleuropulmonary blastoma was analyzed for genetic alterations by comparative genomic hybridization and five genetic loci by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Comparative genomic hybridization identified aberrations in all pleuropulmonary blastomas, including four amplifications in three tumors at chromosomes 5q33-34, 11q22.2-ter, 15q25-ter, and 19q11-13.2. The most frequent DNA gains involved 8q11-22.2 (four cases) and 20q (two cases), whereas the most common losses included 9p21-24 (two cases) and 11p14 (three cases). Chromosome 8 gains were confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization, resulting in the detection of up to five copies of chromosome 8 centromeres per nucleus. In the two surviving patients, chromosome 8 gains were the only genetic abnormality, suggesting that this might be an early event in pleuropulmonary blastoma carcinogenesis. The identification of new genetic alterations as well as the confirmation of previously reported ones (especially 8q gains) in pleuropulmonary blastoma should help to improve our understanding of both the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis of pleuropulmonary blastoma and the relationship of pleuropulmonary blastoma with other pediatric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R de Krijger
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) or nephroblastoma is the most common tumor of renal origin found in children. It accounts for 6% of all pediatric tumors and is the second most frequent intrabdominal solid organ tumor found in children. Initial survival rates in the early part of the last century was only 30%, but now long-term survival in both North America and European trials is approaching 85% with many low-stage tumors significantly higher. Treatment is now progressing towards "risk-based management"- based not only on stage and histology but also incorporating genetic markers [Dome JS, Grundy PE, Perlman EJ, Ehrlich PF, et al. Protocols for the renal tumors study. Childrens Oncology Group. [www.childrensoncologygroup.org. 2007.]. Within the multidisciplinary treatment team the surgeon plays a critical role in the diagnosis, staging and the surgeon's technical skills and judgment directs therapy and impacts outcome. The next generation of treatment for children with WT will focus on identifying subsets of patients who can be defined by some criterion as having a different outcome than their similar stage peers and who therefore require a variation in management. These include children with WT that have unsatisfactory long-term survival (less then 75%), patients of good survival but high potential for late effects and a final challenge are those children with both a poor survival and a high potential for late effects. This article presents a review of the most recent treatment considerations for WT with a focus on the surgeon's role to ensure a good outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Ehrlich
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan, Associate Professor of Surgery, Vice Chair Surgery Renal Tumors Committee, Childrens Oncology Group, USA.
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28
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Abstract
The application of cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses to paediatric sarcomas has identified a number of characteristic changes associated with types and subtypes of sarcomas. This has led to increased understanding of the underlying molecular biology of some sarcomas and provided an important adjunct to standard morphological and immunohistochemical diagnoses. Characteristic genetic abnormalities, particularly specific chromosome translocations and associated fusion genes, have diagnostic and in some cases prognostic value. There is also the potential to detect micrometastastic disease. Fusion genes are most readily detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation and reverse transcription-PCR technologies. The expression profiles of tumours with specific fusion genes are characteristically similar and the molecular signatures of sarcomas are also proving to be of diagnostic and prognostic value. Furthermore, fusion genes and other emerging molecular events associated with sarcomas represent potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches which are desperately required to improve the outcome of children with certain categories of sarcoma, including rhabdomyosarcomas and the Ewing's family of tumours. Increased understanding of the molecular biology of sarcomas is leading towards more effective treatments which may complement or be less toxic than conventional radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Here we review paediatric sarcomas that have associated molecular genetic changes which can increase diagnostic and prognostic accuracy and impact on clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Slater
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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29
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Parham DM, Ellison DA. Rhabdomyosarcomas in adults and children: an update. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006; 130:1454-65. [PMID: 17090187 DOI: 10.5858/2006-130-1454-riaaca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rhabdomyosarcomas comprise a relatively common diagnostic entity among childhood cancers and a relatively rare one among adult tumors. They may possess a variety of histologies that generally differ among age groups. These lesions appear to be separate biologic entities as well as morphologic categories, with embryonal tumors having genetic lesions related to loss of heterozygosity and aberrant parental imprinting, alveolar tumors containing genetic fusions between PAX and forkhead genes, and pleomorphic tumors showing an accumulation of genetic lesions similar to other adult high-grade sarcomas. OBJECTIVE To present guidelines for diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma and recent finding concerning the biology and classification of these lesions. DATA SOURCES Review of recent and older published literature and distillation of the authors' experience. CONCLUSIONS Infants and young children tend to have embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, adolescents and young adults tend to have alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, and older adults tend to have pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas, although there is some overlap. Newer rare entities, including spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma and sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma, have been described in children and adults. Fusion-positive tumors have a distinct molecular signature with downstream activation of a number of myogenic and tumorigenic factors. Genetic testing may be successfully used for diagnosis and may guide therapy in future clinical trials. Differential diagnosis has become simpler than in previous years, because of use of myogenic factors in immunohistochemistry, but classification based solely on histologic features remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Parham
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock 72202, USA.
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30
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Hepatoblastoma: transplantation for unresectable disease. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/01.mot.0000244653.90414.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Gruson LM, Orlow SJ, Schaffer JV. Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica associated with hemihypertrophy and a rhabdomyosarcoma of the abdominal wall. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55:S16-20. [PMID: 16843117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2005] [Revised: 08/20/2005] [Accepted: 08/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica (PPK) represents a specific "twin nevus" syndrome in which a speckled lentiginous nevus (SLN) is associated with an organoid nevus with sebaceous differentiation. A boy with a large nevus sebaceus on the left face and upper part of the trunk, a giant segmental SLN extending from the abdomen to the feet bilaterally, and right hemihypertrophy developed an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the right abdominal wall at age 6 months. A variety of musculoskeletal, neurologic, and ocular anomalies have been observed in patients with PPK, reflecting the individual manifestations of both SLN and Schimmelpenning syndromes. This report adds hemihypertrophy to the spectrum of extracutaneous manifestations of PPK and, to our knowledge, represents the first observation of a rhabdomyosarcoma arising in contiguity with an SLN in a patient with PPK. The development of a rhabdomyosarcoma in our patient likely reflects both increased propensity for growth (as evidenced by the hemihypertrophy) and the pluripotent nature of neural-crest derived cells within the field defect that underlies an SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Gruson
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Kim
- Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, 747 Fifty-Second Street, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
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33
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Quilichini B, Andre N, Bouvier C, Chrestian MA, Rome A, Intagliata D, Coze C, Lena G, Zattara H. Hidden chromosomal abnormalities in pleuropulmonary blastomas identified by multiplex FISH. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:4. [PMID: 16396677 PMCID: PMC1361803 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare childhood dysontogenetic intrathoracic neoplasm associated with an unfavourable clinical behaviour. Cases presentation We report pathological and cytogenetic findings in two cases of PPB at initial diagnosis and recurrence. Both tumors were classified as type III pneumoblastoma and histological findings were similar at diagnosis and relapse. In both cases, conventional cytogenetic techniques revealed complex numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. Molecular cytogenetic analysis (interphase/metaphase FISH and multicolor FISH) identified accurately chromosomal aberrations. In one case, TP53 gene deletion was detected on metaphase FISH. To date, only few cytogenetic data have been published about PPB. Conclusion The PPB genetic profile remains to be established and compared to others embryonal neoplasia. Our cytogenetic data are discussed reviewing cytogenetics PPBs published cases, illustrating the contribution of multicolor FISH in order to identify pathogenetically important recurrent aberrations in PPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Quilichini
- Département de Génétique Médicale – Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hémato-Oncologique, CHU – Hôpital d'Enfants « La Timone », Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Nicolas Andre
- Département d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU – Hôpital d'Enfants « La Timone », Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
- FRE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2737, UFR de Pharmacie, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Corinne Bouvier
- Département d'Anatomopathologie, CHU – Hôpital d'Adultes « La Timone », Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Marie-Anne Chrestian
- Département d'Anatomopathologie, CHU – Hôpital d'Adultes « La Timone », Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Angelique Rome
- Département d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU – Hôpital d'Enfants « La Timone », Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Dominique Intagliata
- Département de Génétique Médicale – Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hémato-Oncologique, CHU – Hôpital d'Enfants « La Timone », Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Carole Coze
- Département d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU – Hôpital d'Enfants « La Timone », Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Gabriel Lena
- Département de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, CHU – Hôpital d'Enfants « La Timone », Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Helene Zattara
- Département de Génétique Médicale – Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hémato-Oncologique, CHU – Hôpital d'Enfants « La Timone », Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
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Rodriguez-Galindo C, Figueiredo BC, Zambetti GP, Ribeiro RC. Biology, clinical characteristics, and management of adrenocortical tumors in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 45:265-73. [PMID: 15747338 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Childhood adrenocortical tumors (ACT) are very aggressive endocrine neoplasms whose incidence is quite low. Little is known about their pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and optimal treatment. In recent years, however, new information has been derived from the International Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumor Registry (IPACTR), and new clues to its pathogenesis have emerged. To provide an overview of the available data that may apply to pediatric ACT, we reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of ACT in adults and in children. Germline TP53 mutation is almost always the predisposing factor in childhood ACT. A unique germline mutation (TP53-R337H) has been described in Southern Brazil, where the incidence of ACT is 10-15 times the general incidence. Childhood ACT typically present during the first 5 years of life and has female predominance. Hormone hyperproduction is almost universal, and most patients present with virilization. Two-thirds of patients have resectable tumors. Surgery is the definitive treatment for ACT, and a curative complete resection should always be attempted. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy with mitotane is indicated for unresectable or metastatic disease, although its impact on overall outcome is slight. In childhood ACT, age, tumor size, and tumor resectability are the most important prognostic indicators. Outcome is stage-dependent; patients with small, resectable tumors have survival rates in excess of 80%, whereas the outcome for patients with unresectable disease is dismal. Patients with large, resectable tumors have an intermediate outcome. Childhood ACT are rare, but their unique epidemiology appear to implicate novel oncogenic pathways that are unique to the pediatric population. Multi-institutional and prospective studies are necessary to further our understanding of the pathogenesis and to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
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Kim Y, Sills RC, Houle CD. Overview of the molecular biology of hepatocellular neoplasms and hepatoblastomas of the mouse liver. Toxicol Pathol 2005; 33:175-80. [PMID: 15805069 DOI: 10.1080/01926230590522130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of chemically induced hepatocellular neoplasms and hepatoblastomas in the B6C3FI mouse is unclear but may involve alterations in the fi-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway as was recently described for human liver neoplasms. The objectives of this research were to characterize the mutation frequency and spectrum of P-catenin mutations and the intracellular localization of I-catenin protein accumulation in chemically induced hepatoblastomas and hepatocellular neoplasms. In the majority of the hepatoblastomas examined by immunohistochemical methods, both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of P-catenin protein were detected, whereas in hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas and normal liver only membrane staining was observed. Genomic DNA was isolated from paraffin sections of each liver tumor. P-catenin exon 2 (corresponds to exon 3 in humans) genetic alterations were identified in the majority of hepatoblastomas from exposed mice. Deletion mutations were identified more frequently than point mutations in hepatoblastomas. Hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas from treated mice had mutations in exon 2 of the B-catenin gene which ranged from 32-43%, while 10% P-catenin mutations were detected in spontaneous neoplasms. By immunohistochemical methods cyclin Dl was observed in most nuclei of hepatoblastomas and strong expression of cyclin Dl was confirmed by Western analysis regardless of treatment. The cumulative data suggests that P-catenin mutations with upregulation of the B-catenin protein and Wnt signaling most likely increased cyclin Dl expression. Cyclin D1 may provide an advantage during tumor progression of hepatocellular neoplasms and hepatoblastomas. The review will also focus on other genes which are important in mouse and human liver tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/chemically induced
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/genetics
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/metabolism
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Biology
- Mutation
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Wnt Proteins
- beta Catenin
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbaek Kim
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Abstract
Several lines of evidence demonstrate that the biology, genetics and environment of childhood solid tumours (CSTs) sets them apart from adult solid tumours. The nature of the progenitor cells from which these tumours arise, and their immature tissue environment, allows CSTs to develop with fewer defects in cell regulatory processes than adult cancers. These differences could explain why CSTs are more susceptible to therapeutic intervention than adult tumours. How does the aetiology of these cancers differ from those occurring in adults and how might this affect the development of more effective therapies?
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Scotting
- Paul J. Scotting is at the Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Faussillon M, Monnier L, Junien C, Jeanpierre C. Frequent overexpression of cyclin D2/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 in Wilms' tumor. Cancer Lett 2005; 221:67-75. [PMID: 15797629 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2004] [Revised: 07/31/2004] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The expression status of the three cyclin D genes (CCND1, CCND2 and CCND3), the two cyclin D-dependent kinase genes (CDK4 and CDK6) and the p16(INK4a) gene was studied in a series of 47 Wilms' tumors, 16 normal mature kidneys and two fetal kidneys. We showed predominant overexpression of CCND2 and CDK4 compared to CCND1/D3 and CDK6 respectively. We found a specific correlation between relapse and CDK4 overexpression, but not CDK6 overexpression. We did not identify any methylation of the p16(INK4a) promoter. This suggests that dysregulation of CCND2 and CDK4 plays a specific role in WT tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Faussillon
- INSERM U383, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université René Descartes, 149-161 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Ansell P, Mitchell CD, Roman E, Simpson J, Birch JM, Eden TOB. Relationships between perinatal and maternal characteristics and hepatoblastoma: a report from the UKCCS. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:741-8. [PMID: 15763651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Revised: 10/18/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Within the context of a national population-based case-control study--the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS)--we aimed to explore relationships between perinatal and maternal factors and childhood hepatic tumours, for participants with data available from medical records. 26/28 children with hepatic tumours (22/24 hepatoblastomas, 4/4 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC)) and 4753 age- and sex-matched controls were included. Polyhydramnios was associated with 0.9% of control pregnancies and 13.6% of case pregnancies (Odds Ratio (OR)=28.64, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=6.94-118.21, P<0.0001); eclampsia or severe pre-eclampsia complicated the pregnancies of 16.7% of mothers whose children developed hepatoblastoma compared with 0.5% of control pregnancies (OR=52.50, 95% CI=10.75-257.05, P<0.0001). Three children with hepatoblastoma weighed <1500 g at birth, two of whom weighed <1000 g (OR for birthweight <1500 g=69.00, 95% CI=11.98-397.17, P<0.0001). Of children with hepatoblastoma, 50% (11/22) had records of congenital anomalies, as did two of their mothers. Three mothers of children with hepatoblastoma had diagnoses of cancer--two of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and one of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Paediatricians and others should be alert to the possibility of familial or genetic syndromes in children with hepatoblastomas. Potential links between maternal pre-eclampsia, low birthweight and subsequent malignancy merit further investigation. Hepatoblastoma is an extremely rare childhood tumour, but understanding the mechanism(s) underlying severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia may also shed light on factors that contribute to the development of hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ansell
- Leukaemia Research Fund Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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Nagata T, Nakamura M, Shichino H, Chin M, Sugito K, Ikeda T, Koshinaga T, Fukuzawa M, Inoue M, Mugishima H. Cytogenetic abnormalities in hepatoblastoma: report of two new cases and review of the literature suggesting imbalance of chromosomal regions on chromosomes 1, 4, and 12. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 156:8-13. [PMID: 15588850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2004] [Revised: 04/16/2004] [Accepted: 04/22/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two cases of hepatoblastoma with unique karyotypic changes are described. One case was that of a 2-year-old boy with an unbalanced chromosomal translocation involving 4q35 as the sole chromosomal abnormality. The clonal karyotype of this tumor was 46,XY,add(4)(q35)[3]/46,XY[9]. In the other case, that of a 2-year-old boy, karyotypic analyses revealed the clonal karyotype as 57,XY,+del(1)(p22),+2,+5,+6,+7,+8,+del(12)(p12),+18,+19,+20,+22[4]/46,XY[12]. Review of these two cases, together with previous reports, underscored the significance of numerical and/or structural chromosomal abnormalities of 1q, 4q, 2, 8, and 20 in the development of hepatoblastoma. The present results show that imbalance of the terminal region of 4q could be the sole chromosomal abnormality in a hepatoblastoma. We also found that imbalance of chromosomal regions on chromosomes 1 and 12 may contribute to the development of hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Nagata
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nihon University, School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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40
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Schnater JM, Schouten-van Meeteren AYN, Heins YM, Aronson DC. Hepatoblastoma in a patient with a partial trisomy 9p syndrome: a case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 156:77-9. [PMID: 15588861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Revised: 04/04/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
After an uneventful pregnancy, a boy was born by vacuum extraction at 40.6 weeks' gestation. Physical examination revealed several malformations due to a partial trisomy 9p [karyotype: 46,XY, dup(9)(p13p24)]. Three months after birth, the boy presented with a hepatoblastoma without distant metastases which was treated with chemotherapy combined with surgery. At the last follow-up, 15 years after the resection of the hepatoblastoma, he was still in complete remission. To our knowledge this is the first case report of a patient with a constitutional partial trisomy 9p associated with hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marco Schnater
- Pediatric Surgical Center of Amsterdam (Emma Children's Hospital AMC / Vrije Universiteit Medical Center), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Satgé D, Vidalo E, Desfarges F, de Geeter B. A Third Case of Cardiac Neoplasm in a Fetus with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: Epicardial Angiofibroma. Fetal Diagn Ther 2004; 20:44-7. [PMID: 15608459 DOI: 10.1159/000081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2003] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A personal observation of a 20-week-old fetus with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) presenting epicardial angiofibroma prompted us to evaluate cardiac neoplasms in this genetic condition. METHOD We performed an autopsy and a histological evaluation of the fetus, and searched the literature for cardiac anomalies in BWS. RESULTS Although cardiac tumors are exceptional and although BWS is rare, we found two other cardiac neoplasms in infants with BWS, whereas no more than one was expected. CONCLUSION Besides an excess of cardiac malformation, BWS seems to favor an excess of cardiac tumors, which may occur very early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Satgé
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Centre Hospitalier, Tulle, France.
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Abstract
Primary hepatic neoplasms in children are relatively infrequent, accounting for between 0.5 and 2.0% of all pediatric neoplasms. They are a diverse group of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors whose incidence can vary considerably with patient age. They are clinically relevant tumors however as two thirds of them are malignant. The therapy of these tumors has evolved over time and it currently involves a combination of surgery, adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and possible transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukru Emre
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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43
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O'Neal JP, Ramdas J, Wood WE, Pellitteri PK. Parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma in a patient with Costello syndrome. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2004; 26:389-92. [PMID: 15167355 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-200406000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Costello syndrome, a rare entity with multiple congenital anomalies, has been associated with a high incidence of benign and malignant tumors, particularly rhabdomyosarcoma. Although the head and neck is the most common site for rhabdomyosarcomas in children, only one other case in the literature has been reported of a head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma in a Costello patient. The authors describe a 3-year-old with a parameningeal infratemporal fossa rhabdomyosarcoma. Management is discussed with particular attention to the difficulties encountered due to the congenital heart abnormalities associated with the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Patrick O'Neal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822-1333, USA.
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Sung L, Anderson JR, Arndt C, Raney RB, Meyer WH, Pappo AS. Neurofibromatosis in children with Rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma study IV. J Pediatr 2004; 144:666-8. [PMID: 15127010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We identified all children enrolled in the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group-IV with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) and rhabdomyosarcoma. Among 1025 eligible patients, 5 (0.5 %) had NF1. Three children had relapses, two of whom died of progressive disease. Patients with NF1 and rhabdomyosarcoma should be treated with intensive contemporary therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Sung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway has long been known to direct growth and patterning during embryonic development. Recent evidence also implicates this pathway in the development of childhood tumors of the liver, the kidney, the brain, and the pancreas. Here, we review the current evidence on how constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway may occur in hepato-, nephro-, medullo- and pancreatoblastomas. With particular emphasis the mutational activation of CTNNB1, an emerging major oncogene in solid childhood tumors, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Koesters
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220/221, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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46
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Schnater JM, Köhler SE, Lamers WH, von Schweinitz D, Aronson DC. Where do we stand with hepatoblastoma? A review. Cancer 2003; 98:668-78. [PMID: 12910509 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver malignancy, comprising approximately 1% of all pediatric cancers. The disparate clinical staging systems and histologic classifications that were developed during the last decades, nevertheless, reflect the remaining difficulties and uncertainties in characterizing HB. Furthermore, the combination of surgery and (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy has improved patient outcomes dramatically. A poor prognosis is associated with large tumor size, multifocality, extrahepatic disease, and metastatic spread. The exact etiology of HB remains unknown, but the cytogenetic alterations, phenotypic features, and biologic aspects that accompany this neoplasm yield more and more insight into its pathogenesis. New cell-biologic and molecular-biologic insights may lead to the development of new treatment modalities, especially for patients with a bad prognosis. This review summarizes the different aspects of this intriguing tumor and discusses the current status of research and treatment for patients with HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marco Schnater
- Pediatric Surgical Center of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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47
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Hertel NT, Carlsen N, Kerndrup G, Pedersen IL, Clausen N, Hahnemann JMD, Jacobsen BB. Late relapse of adrenocortical carcinoma in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Clinical, endocrinological and genetic aspects. Acta Paediatr 2003; 92:439-43. [PMID: 12801110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report on a girl with an unusual Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and hemihypertrophy, who developed an adrenocortical carcinoma with atypical clinical behaviour. At 4 y of age the girls was admitted to hospital with cushingoid features, virilization, increased excretion of steroids and low serum ACTH. A right-sided adrenocortical carcinoma was removed. At age 12.5 y the cushingoid features reappeared together with a tumour in the left thigh. A CT scan of the thorax and abdomen revealed pulmonary metastasis only. Corticosteroid excretion was increased and serum ACTH level suppressed. The femoral and the pulmonary metastases were removed and histology showed adrenocortical carcinoma. Excretion of corticosteroids subsequently normalized. Meningeal and pulmonary metastases with similar histologies appeared one year later with normal hormone values. Twenty-two months after the recurrence the girl died of an intracranial metastasis. Southern blot analysis of the LITI transcript in the KvLQT1 gene in the BWS region on chromosome 11p15 revealed hypomethylation of the maternal allele. CONCLUSION Adrenocortical carcinoma in childhood may recur years after onset and at rare sites and hormonal levels may be an insufficient indicator of small metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Hertel
- Department of Paediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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48
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Goldstein M, Rennert H, Bar-Shira A, Burstein Y, Yaron Y, Orr-Urtreger A. Combined cytogenetic and array-based comparative genomic hybridization analyses of Wilms tumors: amplification and overexpression of the multidrug resistance associated protein 1 gene (MRP1) in a metachronous tumor. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2003; 141:120-7. [PMID: 12606129 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor samples from a variety of Wilms tumors (WT) obtained from three patients were analyzed by cytogenetic and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) methods. The tumors represented different stages of tumorigenesis and included a unilateral primary WT and contralateral nephrogenic rest (case 1), a primary WT and a contralateral metachronous WT (case 2), and a recurrent WT with lung metastases (case 3). All six specimens exhibited abnormal karyotypes characteristic of different WT levels of progression. Array-based CGH examinations of 57 genes that are commonly amplified in various cancers revealed a 2.6-fold genomic amplification of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) gene in the metachronous WT, but no amplification in the primary tumor. This sole amplification event in our series was also confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed a sixfold overexpression of the MRP1 gene in this metachronous WT relative to the primary tumor. Our findings suggest that for most of the genes examined in this series genomic amplification does not play a role in WT pathogenesis. Isolated amplification and overexpression of the MRP1 gene in the metachronous WT, however, suggest that this gene may be an important factor in the development and progression of metachronous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Goldstein
- Genetic Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Kullendorff CM, Soller M, Wiebe T, Mertens F. Cytogenetic findings and clinical course in a consecutive series of Wilms tumors. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2003; 140:82-7. [PMID: 12550766 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is characterized by a nonrandom pattern of chromosome aberrations, but the clinical significance of different cytogenetic patterns is unknown. The present study describes the cytogenetic findings and the clinical course in a cohort of 39 children with WT. Samples for short-term culturing and cytogenetic analysis were obtained during a 15-year period. Clonal chromosome aberrations were detected in 23 samples from 19 patients. Tumors that relapsed more often showed clonal aberrations than did tumors that did not. However, this association my have been due to sampling bias. Among the cases with karyotypically abnormal samples, the modal chromosome number was in the near-diploid range in 10, hyperdiploid/hypotriploid in 8, and hypodiploid in 1. The most common changes were trisomy 12 and gain of 1q material (8 cases each), trisomy/tetrasomy 8 (7 cases), and trisomy 13 (5 cases). None of these frequently occurring abnormalities, or the ploidy level, showed any association with clinical outcome, using tumor relapse as an end-point. Nor could any relationship between cytogenetic features and histopathologic subtype be discerned. Although the number of informative cases was too small for proper evaluation, the present study did not contradict the previous notion that loss of material from the long arm of chromosome 16 is associated with poor clinical outcome. All three patients with deletion of 16q developed metastases.
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50
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Meije CB, Das PK, Jans MME, Hau C, van der Wal AC, Alders M, Hakvoort TBM, Weidle UH, Lamers WH, Swart GWM. Multiple complementary transcripts of pCMa1, a novel gene located at chromosome 11p15.1-2, and melanocytic cell transformation. J Pathol 2002; 197:668-76. [PMID: 12210088 DOI: 10.1002/path.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The cDNA clone pCMa1 (0.45 kb) is one of the 12 novel cDNAs, previously identified when comparing RNA expression profiles of melanocytes, naevus cells, and non-metastatic melanoma cells. This clone did not reveal a unique long open reading frame. The pCMa1 gene localized to the distal, telomere proximal region on the short arm of chromosome 11.p15.1-2. Northern blot analyses with single-stranded cRNA probes revealed the presence of various complementary pCMa1 transcripts of different lengths, which are not enriched in the poly(A)(+) RNA fraction. The arbitrarily defined plus strand (used as a probe) mainly hybridized to 0.45 kb and 4.0 kb minus transcripts in total RNA samples, and the minus strand (used as a probe) hybridized to a major plus transcript of 4.0 kb. By RNA in situ hybridization, the highest levels of the plus transcripts were observed in melanocytic naevi (12/12), particularly in congenital naevi, whereas normal skin melanocytes (12/12) were negative. pCMa1 plus transcripts were detected in naevus cell nests (100%) near the dermo-epidermal junction. Expression, however, diminished to some extent in the deeper parts of the melanocytic naevi. Although most of the cutaneous primary melanoma lesions (11/15) showed detectable, but variable levels of plus transcripts of pCMa1 in the papillary to reticular dermis, not more than 10% of the melanoma cells were positive. The majority of melanoma metastases (6/7) were negative, while the positive lesion originated from a patient with a positive primary melanoma. Furthermore, plus transcripts were present in the nuclei of non-metastatic melanoma cells in culture, whereas metastatic cells showed elevated expression both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Briefly, the data show transient up-regulation of pCMa1 in neoplastic progression of melanocytic cells, with peak levels occurring during naevus stages, and suggest that pCMa1 is a molecular marker in melanocytes for the early changes from the proliferating phenotype to malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton B Meije
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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