1
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Moreno S, Fickl M, Bauer I, Brunner M, Rázková A, Rieder D, Delazer I, Micura R, Lusser A. 6-Thioguanosine Monophosphate Prodrugs Display Enhanced Performance against Thiopurine-Resistant Leukemia and Breast Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15165-15173. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moreno
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Magdalena Fickl
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ingo Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melanie Brunner
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Rázková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Rieder
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabel Delazer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Micura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Lusser
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Ford A, Mullins ND, Balzarini J, Maguire AR. Synthesis and Evaluation of Prodrugs of α-Carboxy Nucleoside Phosphonates. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14793-14808. [PMID: 36283025 PMCID: PMC9639015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A range of lipophilic prodrugs of α-carboxy nucleoside phosphonates, potent inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase without requiring prior phosphorylation, were synthesized to evaluate their in vivo potency against HIV in cell culture. A series of prodrug derivatives bearing a free carboxylic acid where the phosphonate was masked with bispivaloyloxymethyl, diisopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl, bisamidate, aryloxyphosphoramidate, hexadecyloxypropyl, CycloSal, and acycloxybenzyl moieties were synthesized, adapting existing methodologies for phosphonate protection to accommodate the adjacent carboxylic acid moiety. The prodrugs were assayed for anti-HIV activity in CEM cell cultures─the bispivaloyloxymethyl free acid monophosphonate prodrug exhibited some activity (inhibitory concentration-50 (IC50) 59 ± 17 μM), while the other prodrugs were inactive at 100 μM. A racemic bispivaloyloxymethyl methyl ester monophosphonate prodrug was also prepared to assess the suitability of the methyl ester as a carboxylic acid prodrug. This compound exhibited no activity against HIV in cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ford
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Nicholas D. Mullins
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland,School
of Pharmacy, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland,
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3
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Moreno S, Brunner M, Delazer I, Rieder D, Lusser A, Micura R. Synthesis of 4-thiouridines with prodrug functionalization for RNA metabolic labeling. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:447-455. [PMID: 35441143 PMCID: PMC8985182 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic labeling has emerged as a powerful tool to endow RNA with reactive handles allowing for subsequent chemical derivatization and processing. Recently, thiolated nucleosides, such as 4-thiouridine (4sU), have attracted great interest in metabolic labeling-based RNA sequencing approaches (TUC-seq, SLAM-seq, TimeLapse-seq) to study cellular RNA expression and decay dynamics. For these and other applications (e.g. PAR-CLIP), thus far only the naked nucleoside 4sU has been applied. Here we examined the concept of derivatizing 4sU into a 5′-monophosphate prodrug that would allow for cell permeation and potentially improve labeling efficiency by bypassing the rate-limiting first step of 5′ phosphorylation of the nucleoside into the ultimately bioactive 4sU triphosphate (4sUTP). To this end, we developed robust synthetic routes towards diverse 4sU monophosphate prodrugs. Using metabolic labeling assays, we found that most of the newly introduced 4sU prodrugs were well tolerated by the cells. One derivative, the bis(4-acetyloxybenzyl) 5′-monophosphate of 4sU, was also efficiently incorporated into nascent RNA. Synthetic access to 4-thiouridine (4sU) derivatives with monophosphate prodrug patterns creates additional possibilities for metabolic labeling of RNA for different applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moreno
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melanie Brunner
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabel Delazer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Rieder
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Lusser
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Micura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Delogu GL, Kumar A, Gatto G, Bustelo F, Saavedra LM, Rodríguez-Franco MI, Laguna R, Viña D. Synthesis and in vitro study of nitro- and methoxy-2-phenylbenzofurans as human monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104616. [PMID: 33444985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 2-phenylbenzofuran derivatives were designed and synthesized to determine relevant structural features for the MAO inhibitory activity and selectivity. Methoxy substituents were introduced in the 2-phenyl ring, whereas the benzofuran moiety was not substituted or substituted at the positions 5 or 7 with a nitro group. Substitution patterns on both the phenyl ring and the benzofuran moiety determine the affinity for MAO-A or MAO-B. The 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5-nitrobenzofuran 9 was the most potent MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 0.024 µM) identified in this series, whereas 7-nitro-2-phenylbenzofuran 7 was the most potent MAO-A inhibitor (IC50 = 0.168 µM), both acting as reversible inhibitors. The number and position of the methoxyl groups on the 2-phenyl ring, have an important influence on the inhibitory activity. Molecular docking studies confirmed the experimental results and highlighted the importance of key residues in enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna L Delogu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gatto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fernando Bustelo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía M Saavedra
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Rodríguez-Franco
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Reyes Laguna
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dolores Viña
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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5
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Jia X, Ganter B, Meier C. Improving properties of the nucleobase analogs T-705/T-1105 as potential antiviral. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 57:1-47. [PMID: 34728864 PMCID: PMC8553380 DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this minireview we describe our work on the improvement of the nucleobase analogs Favipiravir (T-705) und its non-fluorinated derivative T-1105 as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 active compounds. Both nucleobases were converted into nucleotides and then included in our nucleotide prodrugs technologies cycloSal-monophosphates, DiPPro-nucleoside diphosphates and TriPPPro-nucleoside triphosphates. Particularly the DiPPro-derivatives of T-1105-RDP proved to be very active against influenza viruses. T-1105-derivatives in general were found to be more antivirally active as compared to their T-705 counterpart. This may be due to the low chemical stability of all ribosylated derivatives of T-705. The ribosyltriphosphate derivative of T-1105 was studied for the potential to act as a inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and was found to be an extremely potent compound causing lethal mutagenesis. The pronucleotide technologies, the chemical synthesis, the biophysical properties and the biological effects of the compounds will be addressed as well.
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6
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Ishiyama H, Yanagita RC, Takemoto K, Kobashi K, Sugiyama Y, Kawanami Y. Development of a d-allose-6-phosphate derivative with anti-proliferative activity against a human leukemia MOLT-4F cell line. Carbohydr Res 2020; 487:107859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Assoah B, Vale JR, Kalenius E, Veiros LF, Candeias NR. Lewis Base Catalyzed Intramolecular Reduction of Salicylaldehydes by Pinacol-Derived Chlorohydrosilane. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedicta Assoah
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; Korkeakoulunkatu 8 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - João R. Vale
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; Korkeakoulunkatu 8 33101 Tampere Finland
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa); Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 1649-003 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Elina Kalenius
- University of Jyväskylä; Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Luis F. Veiros
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais No. 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Nuno R. Candeias
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; Korkeakoulunkatu 8 33101 Tampere Finland
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8
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Begala M, Caboni P, Matos MJ, Delogu GL. Unexpected one-step synthesis of 3-benzoyl-2-phenylbenzofurans under Wittig conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder representing the leading cause of dementia and is affecting nearly 44 million people worldwide. AD is characterized by a progressive decline in acetylcholine levels in the cholinergic systems, which results in severe memory loss and cognitive impairments. Expression levels and activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme has been noted to increase significantly in the late stages of AD, thus making it a viable drug target. A series of hydroxylated 2-phenylbenzofurans compounds were designed, synthesized and their inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE enzymes were evaluated. Two compounds (15 and 17) displayed higher inhibitory activity towards BChE with IC50 values of 6.23 μM and 3.57 μM, and a good antioxidant activity with EC50 values 14.9 μM and 16.7 μM, respectively. The same compounds further exhibited selective inhibitory activity against BChE over AChE. Computational studies were used to compare protein-binding pockets and evaluate the interaction fingerprints of the compound. Molecular simulations showed a conserved protein residue interaction network between the compounds, resulting in similar interaction energy values. Thus, combination of biochemical and computational approaches could represent rational guidelines for further structural modification of these hydroxy-benzofuran derivatives as future drugs for treatment of AD.
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10
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Delogu GL, Pintus F, Mayán L, Matos MJ, Vilar S, Munín J, Fontenla JA, Hripcsak G, Borges F, Viña D. MAO inhibitory activity of bromo-2-phenylbenzofurans: synthesis, in vitro study, and docking calculations. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1788-1796. [PMID: 30108888 PMCID: PMC6084085 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00311k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme responsible for metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters which play an important role in brain development and function. This enzyme exists in two isoforms, and it has been demonstrated that MAO-B activity, but not MAO-A activity, increases with aging. MAO inhibitors show clinical value because besides the monoamine level regulation they reduce the formation of by-products of the MAO catalytic cycle, which are toxic to the brain. A series of 2-phenylbenzofuran derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated against hMAO-A and hMAO-B enzymes. A bromine substituent was introduced in the 2-phenyl ring, whereas position 5 or 7 of the benzofuran moiety was substituted with a methyl group. Most of the tested compounds inhibited preferentially MAO-B in a reversible manner, with IC50 values in the low micro or nanomolar range. The 2-(2'-bromophenyl)-5-methylbenzofuran (5) was the most active compound identified (IC50 = 0.20 μM). In addition, none of the studied compounds showed cytotoxic activity against the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Molecular docking simulations were used to explain the observed hMAO-B structure-activity relationship for this type of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Delogu
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - F Pintus
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment - Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences - University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - L Mayán
- Department of Pharmacology - CIMUS University of Santiago de Compostela Avda Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M J Matos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Vilar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, Medical Center of New York, 10032 New York, USA
| | - J Munín
- Department of Pharmacology - CIMUS University of Santiago de Compostela Avda Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J A Fontenla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Hripcsak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, Medical Center of New York, 10032 New York, USA
| | - F Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - D Viña
- Department of Pharmacology - CIMUS University of Santiago de Compostela Avda Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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11
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Delogu GL, Matos MJ, Fanti M, Era B, Medda R, Pieroni E, Fais A, Kumar A, Pintus F. 2-Phenylbenzofuran derivatives as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Synthesis, biological activity and molecular modeling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2308-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Pradere U, Garnier-Amblard E, Coats SJ, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Synthesis of nucleoside phosphate and phosphonate prodrugs. Chem Rev 2014; 114:9154-218. [PMID: 25144792 PMCID: PMC4173794 DOI: 10.1021/cr5002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Pradere
- Center
for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | | | | | - Franck Amblard
- Center
for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center
for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of
Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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13
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Li HJ, Wu YY, Wu QX, Wang R, Dai CY, Shen ZL, Xie CL, Wu YC. Water-promoted ortho-selective monohydroxymethylation of phenols in the NaBO2 system. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3100-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water-promoted ortho-selective monohydroxymethylation of phenols in the NaBO2 system generates salicyl alcohols in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jing Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Shandong 264209, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- and Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Shandong 264209, China
| | - Qin-Xi Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Shandong 264209, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Shandong 264209, China
| | - Chun-Yang Dai
- School of Marine Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Shandong 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Lun Shen
- School of Marine Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Shandong 264209, China
| | - Cheng-Long Xie
- School of Marine Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Shandong 264209, China
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology
- Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai
- Shandong 264209, China
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14
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Huchting J, Ruthenbeck A, Meier C. Synthesis ofcycloSal-(Glycopyranosyl-6)-phosphates as Activated Sugar Phosphates. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Ferino G, Cadoni E, Matos MJ, Quezada E, Uriarte E, Santana L, Vilar S, Tatonetti NP, Yáñez M, Viña D, Picciau C, Serra S, Delogu G. MAO Inhibitory Activity of 2-Arylbenzofurans versus 3-Arylcoumarins: Synthesis, in vitro Study, and Docking Calculations. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:956-66. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Rios Morales EH, Balzarini J, Meier C. Stereoselective synthesis and antiviral activity of methyl-substituted cycloSal-pronucleotides. J Med Chem 2012; 55:7245-52. [PMID: 22827702 DOI: 10.1021/jm3008085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methyl-substituted cycloSal-pronucleotides of d4TMP were synthesized with high diastereoselectivities in satisfying chemical yields. The individual diastereomers were tested against HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected wild-type CEM/0 and HIV-2 infected thymidine kinase deficient CEM cells. All diastereomers tested showed significant antiviral activity in CEM/0 and strong activity in CEM/TK(-) cell cultures. The antiviral activities were strongly dependent on the chirality at the phosphate group and the position of the methyl-group(s) in the cycloSal moiety. In CEM/TK(-) cell cultures the difference in antiviral potency was found to be 7- to 20-fold. The stability of each diastereomer was studied in aqueous phosphate buffer and in CEM/0 cell extracts. Large differences in the half-lives were found. A comparison of the relative lipophilicity of the methyl-substituted cycloSal triesters was performed based on the retention times obtained by reversed phase HPLC. The results obtained clearly confirm the importance of a diastereoselective synthesis of cycloSal-pronucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwuin H Rios Morales
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Kortylewicz ZP, Kimura Y, Inoue K, Mack E, Baranowska-Kortylewicz J. Radiolabeled cyclosaligenyl monophosphates of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, 5-iodo-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine, and 3'-fluorothymidine for molecular radiotherapy of cancer: synthesis and biological evaluation. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2649-71. [PMID: 22339166 PMCID: PMC3328401 DOI: 10.1021/jm201482p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeted molecular radiotherapy opens unprecedented opportunities to eradicate cancer cells with minimal irradiation of normal tissues. Described in this study are radioactive cyclosaligenyl monophosphates designed to deliver lethal doses of radiation to cancer cells. These compounds can be radiolabeled with SPECT- and PET-compatible radionuclides as well as radionuclides suitable for Auger electron therapies. This characteristic provides an avenue for the personalized and comprehensive treatment strategy that comprises diagnostic imaging to identify sites of disease, followed by the targeted molecular radiotherapy based on the imaging results. The developed radiosynthetic methods produce no-carrier-added products with high radiochemical yield and purity. The interaction of these compounds with their target, butyrylcholinesterase, depends on the stereochemistry around the P atom. IC(50) values are in the nanomolar range. In vitro studies indicate that radiation doses delivered to the cell nucleus are sufficient to kill cells of several difficult to treat malignancies including glioblastoma and ovarian and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew P. Kortylewicz
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, J. Bruce Henrisken Cancer Research Laboratories, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850
| | - Yu Kimura
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, J. Bruce Henrisken Cancer Research Laboratories, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850
| | - Kotaro Inoue
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, J. Bruce Henrisken Cancer Research Laboratories, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850
| | - Elizabeth Mack
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, J. Bruce Henrisken Cancer Research Laboratories, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850
| | - Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, J. Bruce Henrisken Cancer Research Laboratories, 986850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6850
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18
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Morales EHR, Román CA, Thomann JO, Meier C. Linear Synthesis of Chiral cycloSal-Pronucleotides. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Ostrowski T, Januszczyk P, Cieslak M, Kazmierczak-Baranska J, Nawrot B, Bartoszak-Adamska E, Zeidler J. 5-Ethynyl-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-[1,2,3]triazole-4-carboxylic acid amide (ETCAR) and its analogues: synthesis and cytotoxic properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4386-98. [PMID: 21684167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Efficient Pd(0)-catalysed synthesis of 5-alkynyl-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-[1,2,3]triazole-4-carboxylic acid amide depends on the presence of different protecting groups of the ribose moiety. Peracetylated 5-iodo substrate (15) couples with terminal alkynes or trimethyl-[(tributylstannyl)ethynyl]silane in 50-71% and 72% yield (ETCAR), respectively, although its hydrodehalogenation to 19 is noticeable. On the other hand, hydrodehalogenation of acetonide (16) predominates over coupling with terminal alkyne and slightly decreases a yield of cross-coupling reaction with trimethyl[(tributylstannyl)ethynyl]silane. Alternative conditions of reaction with terminal alkynes, to exclude so far identified hydride sources to produce hydridopalladium species, have been established for acetonide 16 and allowed to achieve 72% of coupling. Fluoromethyl derivative (42) was prepared from its 5-hydroxymethyl precursor by fluorination with DAST. Additionally, X-ray structural analysis of 42 was performed. All 1,2,3-triazolonucleosides and two synthesized cycloSal-pronucleotides were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against K562, HeLa and HUVEC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Ostrowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
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20
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Rios Morales EH, Balzarini J, Meier C. Diastereoselective synthesis of cyclosaligenyl-nucleosyl-phosphotriesters. Chemistry 2010; 17:1649-59. [PMID: 21268168 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A diastereoselective synthesis of cycloSal-phosphotriesters (cycloSal=cycloSaligenyl) based on chiral auxiliaries has been developed that allows the synthesis of single diastereomers of the cycloSal-pronucleotides. In previously described synthesis routes, the cycloSal-compounds were always obtained as 1:1 diastereomeric mixtures that could be separated in only rare cases. However, it was shown that the diastereomers have different antiviral activity, toxicity, and hydrolysis stabilities. Here, first a chiral thiazoline derivative was used to prepare nonsubstituted and 5-methyl-cycloSal-phosphotriesters in 48 and ≥95% de (de=diastereomeric excess). However, this approach failed to give the important group of 3-substituted cycloSal-nucleotides. Therefore, two other chiral groups were discovered that allowed the synthesis of (R(P))- and (S(P))-3-methyl-cycloSal-phosphotriesters as well. The antiviral activity was found to be five- to 20-fold different between the two individual diastereomers, which proved the importance of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwuin H Rios Morales
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Spácilová P, Naus P, Pohl R, Votruba I, Snásel J, Zábranská H, Pichová I, Ameral R, Birkus G, Cihlár T, Hocek M. CycloSal-phosphate pronucleotides of cytostatic 6-(Het)aryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides: Synthesis, cytostatic activity, and inhibition of adenosine kinases. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1386-96. [PMID: 20533504 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of cycloSal-phosphate prodrugs of a recently described new class of nucleoside cytostatics (6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides) was prepared. The corresponding 2',3'-isopropylidene 6-chloro-7-deazapurine nucleosides were converted into 5-O'-cycloSal-phosphates. These underwent a series of Stille or Suzuki cross-couplings with diverse (het)arylstannanes or -boronic acids to yield the protected 6-(het)aryl-7-deazapurine pronucleotides that were subsequently deprotected to give 12 derivatives of free pronucleotides. The in vitro cytostatic effect of the pronucleotides was compared with parent nucleoside analogues. In most cases, the activity of the pronucleotide was similar to or somewhat lower than that of the corresponding parent nucleosides, with the exception of 7-fluoro pronucleotides 13 a, 13 b, and 13 d, which had exhibited GIC(50) values that were improved by one order of magnitude (to the low nanomolar range). The presence of a cycloSal-phosphate group also influenced selectivity toward various cell lines. Several pronucleotides were found which strongly inhibit human adenosine kinase but only weakly inhibit the MTB adenosine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Spácilová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Prague, Czech Republic
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22
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Nifantiev EE, Khrebtova SB, Kulikova YV, Predvoditelv DA, Kukhareva TS, Petrovskii PV, Rose M, Meier C. Formation of Benzooxaphosphole Oxide Heterocyclic System by the Ring-Contractive Arbuzov-Michaelis Isomerization of Alkoxy-Substituted Benzodioxaphosphorins. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500210234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard E. Nifantiev
- a Chemistry Department , Moscow Pedagogical State University , Moscow, 119021, Russia
- b Russian Academy of Sciences , A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds , Moscow, 117813, Russia
| | - Svetlana B. Khrebtova
- a Chemistry Department , Moscow Pedagogical State University , Moscow, 119021, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Kulikova
- a Chemistry Department , Moscow Pedagogical State University , Moscow, 119021, Russia
| | | | - Tat′yana S. Kukhareva
- a Chemistry Department , Moscow Pedagogical State University , Moscow, 119021, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Petrovskii
- b Russian Academy of Sciences , A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds , Moscow, 117813, Russia
| | - Mirjam Rose
- c Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Chris Meier
- c Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Hamburg, 20146, Germany
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23
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Wolf S, Zismann T, Lunau N, Warnecke S, Wendicke S, Meier C. A convenient synthesis of nucleoside diphosphate glycopyranoses and other polyphosphorylated bioconjugates. Eur J Cell Biol 2009; 89:63-75. [PMID: 20045214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize results obtained using a conceptionally new chemical synthesis of NDP-sugars based on cycloSaligenyl (cycloSal) nucleotides as starting material (cycloSal technique). The cycloSal technique not only leads to stereoisomerically defined NDP-sugars in high yield, but the same principle provides very efficient routes towards nucleoside di- and -triphosphates. Moreover, sugar-nucleotides such as CMP-Neu5Ac and dinucleoside polyphosphates are available. Thus, the method offers a nearly universal chemical access towards a large number of highly interesting bioconjugates and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Wolf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Wolf S, Zismann T, Lunau N, Meier C. Reliable synthesis of various nucleoside diphosphate glycopyranoses. Chemistry 2009; 15:7656-64. [PMID: 19569136 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A reliable and high yielding synthetic pathway for the synthesis of the biologically highly important class of nucleoside diphosphate sugars (NDP-sugars) was developed by using various cycloSal-nucleotides 1 and 9 as active ester building blocks. The reaction with anomerically pure pyranosyl-1-phosphates 2 led to the target NDP-sugars 20-45 in a nucleophilic displacement reaction, which cleaves the cycloSal moiety in anomerically pure forms. As nucleosides cytidine, uridine, thymidine, adenosine, 2'-deoxy-guanosine and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine were used while the phosphates of D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-NAc-glucosamine, D-NAc-galactosamine, D-fucose, L-fucose as well as 6-deoxy-D-gulose were introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Wolf
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Gisch N, Balzarini J, Meier C. Doubly loaded cycloSaligenyl-pronucleotides - 5,5'-Bis-(cycloSaligenyl-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine monophosphates). J Med Chem 2009; 52:3464-73. [PMID: 19438207 DOI: 10.1021/jm900164g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported on 3,3'-bis-(cycloSaligenyl-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine monophosphates) (3,3'-bis-(cycloSal-d4TMPs) 4) as the first pronucleotides with a mask-to-drug ratio of 1:2 that is still a novelty in the field of pronucleotides. Here, we report on a new set of compounds of these unique type of cycloSaligenyl prodrugs 5 that bear a biaryl axis at the 5-position of the cycloSal residue. All compounds 5 showed pronounced in vitro activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in wild-type CEM cell cultures and better retained their antiviral activities in thymidine kinase-deficient CEM cells than the compound 4 series. Moreover, compound 5b is the first bis-(cycloSal-d4TMP) that even showed complete retention of antiviral activity in TK-deficient CEM cells. The complex hydrolysis behavior of 5 was investigated, and the proposed hydrolysis mechanism was proven by means of (31)P NMR spectroscopy and HPLC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gisch
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Mathé C, Périgaud C. Recent Approaches in the Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Nucleoside Analogues. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Mathé
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS – UM 1 – UM 2, Université Montpellier 2, Case Courrier 1705, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpelliercedex 05, France, Fax: +33‐4‐67042029
| | - Christian Périgaud
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS – UM 1 – UM 2, Université Montpellier 2, Case Courrier 1705, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpelliercedex 05, France, Fax: +33‐4‐67042029
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27
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Wendicke S, Warnecke S, Meier C. Efficient synthesis of nucleoside diphosphate glycopyranoses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:1500-2. [PMID: 18033710 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wendicke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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28
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Wendicke S, Warnecke S, Meier C. Effiziente Synthese von Nucleosiddiphosphat-Glycopyranosen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Meier C, Balzarini J. Application of the cycloSal-prodrug approach for improving the biological potential of phosphorylated biomolecules. Antiviral Res 2006; 71:282-92. [PMID: 16735066 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pronucleotides represent a promising tool to improve the biological activity of nucleoside analogs in antiviral and cancer chemotherapy. The cycloSal-approach is one of several conceptually different pronucleotide systems. This approach can be applied to various nucleoside analogs. A salicyl alcohol as a cyclic bifunctional masking unit is used, and shown to afford a chemically driven release of the particular nucleotide from the lipophilic phosphate triester precursor molecule. A conceptual extension of the cycloSal-approach results in the design of "lock-in"-cycloSal-derivatives. The cycloSal-approach is not restricted to the delivery of bioactive nucleotides but also useful for the intracellular delivery of hexose-1-phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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30
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Meier C. cyclo
Sal Phosphates as Chemical Trojan Horses for Intracellular Nucleotide and Glycosylmonophosphate Delivery — Chemistry Meets Biology. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, Fax: +49‐40‐42838‐2495
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31
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Meier C, Ducho C, Jessen H, Vukadinović-Tenter D, Balzarini J. Second-GenerationcycloSal-d4TMP Pronucleotides Bearing Esterase-Cleavable Sites — The “Trapping” Concept. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Meier C, Ruppel MFH, Vukadinović D, Balzarini J. Second generation of cycloSal-pronucleotides with esterase-cleavable sites: the "lock-in"-concept. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2004; 23:89-115. [PMID: 15043139 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120027820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A conceptual extension of the cycloSal-pronucleotide approach is presented. The characteristic feature of the new cycloSal-derivatives of the anti-HIV active nucleoside analogue d4T 1 is the incorporation of an enzymatically cleavable carboxylic ester moiety with the intention to trap the triesters inside cells ("lock-in"-concept). CycloSal-triesters bearing different ester groups in the 3-or 5-position of the cycloSal-moiety are described. Surprisingly, only acetyl-and levulinyl esters are cleaved readily in CEM cell extracts while alkyl esters were found to be stable. Nevertheless, in in-vitro anti-HIV assays most of the compounds achieve the thymidine-kinase bypass, thus proving that they act at least as nucleotide delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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33
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Sun WY, Zhou A, Wiebe LI, Knaus EE. Cyclosaligenyl pronucleotides of 5-iodo and 5-trifluoromethyl-1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluorobenzene mimics of thymidine: synthesis and evaluation of this pronucleotide monophosphate delivery system for compounds with potential anticancer activity. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2004; 22:2121-32. [PMID: 14714761 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120026634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A group of unnatural 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluorobenzenes possessing a 5-I or 5-CF3 substituent, that were originally designed as thymidine mimics, were coupled via their 5'-OH group to a cyclosaligenyl (cycloSal) ring system having a variety of C-3 substituents (Me, OMe, H). The 5'-O-cycloSal-pronucleotide concept was designed to effect a thymidine kinase-bypass, thereby providing a method for the intracellular delivery and generation of the 5'-O-monophosphate for nucleosides that are poorly phosphorylated. The 5'-O-cycloSal pronucleotide phosphotriesters synthesized in this study were obtained as a 1:1 mixture of two diastereomers that differ in configuration (S(P) or R(P)) at the asymmetric phosphorous center. The (S(P))- and (R(P))-diastereomers for the 5'-O-3-methylcycloSal- and 5'-O-3-methoxycycloSal derivatives of 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-difluoro-5-iodobenzene were separated by silica gel flash column chromatography. This class of cycloSal pronucleotide compounds generally exhibited weak cytotoxic activities in a MTT assay (CC50 values in the 10(-3) to 10(-4) M range), against a number of cancer cell lines (143B, 143B-LTK, EMT-6, Hela, 293), except for cyclosaligenyl-5'-O-[1'-(2,4-difluoro-5-iodophenyl)-2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]phosphate that was more potent (CC50 values in the 10(-5) to 10(-6) M range), than the reference drug 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUDR) which showed CC50 values in the 10(-3) to 10(-5) M range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan Sun
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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34
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Saniger E, Campos JM, Entrena A, Marchal JA, Boulaiz H, Aránega A, Gallo MÁ, Espinosa A. Neighbouring-group participation as the key step in the reactivity of acyclic and cyclic salicyl-derived O,O-acetals with 5-fluorouracil. Antiproliferative activity, cell cycle dysregulation and apoptotic induction of new O,N-acetals against breast cancer cells. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Meier C. cycloSal-Pronucleotides—Design of the Concept, Chemistry, and Antiviral Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1075-8593(03)04006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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36
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Meier C, Muus U, Renze J, Naesens L, De Clercq E, Balzarini J. Comparative study of bis(benzyl)phosphate triesters of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine (d4T) and cyclosal-d4TMP--hydrolysis, mechanistic insights and anti-HIV activity. Antivir Chem Chemother 2002; 13:101-14. [PMID: 12238528 DOI: 10.1177/095632020201300204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study of three cycloSal-d4TMP 1, 2 and 3 and a variety of bis(benzyl) phosphate triester 4-8 of the antivirally active nucleoside analogue 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine (d4T) will be described. This study has been initiated by the observation that the introduction of a simple 7-methyl group in the cycloSal-structure (2) led to a completely different hydrolysis pattern as compared to the prototype cycloSal-d4TMP 1. Instead of the selective formation of d4TMP, a phenyl phosphate diester was formed in the case of the 7-methyl-substituted compound 2. The difference in degradation pathway was caused by a change of the reaction mechanism. The phenyl phosphate diester was chemically and enzymatically inert to further cleavage to yield d4TMP. For comparison bis(benzyl)-d4TMP 4, bis(alpha-methylbenzyl)-d4TMP 5, bis(alpha-methoxycarbonylmethyl [MCM]-benzyl)-d4TMP 6 as well as the enzyme-cleavable bis(4-acetoxybenzyl)-d4TMP [bis(AB)-d4TMP(7 and bis(alpha-methoxycarbonylmethyl-4-acetoxybenzyl)-d4TMP [bis(alpha-MCM-AB)-d4TMP] 8 were synthesized. Chemical hydrolysis studies proved that all bis(benzyl) triesters hydrolyze to give the intermediate benzyl phosphate diesters. Moreover, the latter two triesters 7,8 and cycloSal-d4TMPs 1 and 3 led finally to the delivery of d4TMP. The chemical hydrolysis studies allowed a detailed mechanistic interpretation of the degradation pathways of triesters 1-8. Cell extract studies of the bis(benzyl) triesters 4-8 confirmed that only triesters 7 and 8 released d4TMP although with a considerable increase of the reaction rate. Anti-HIV evaluation of the compounds showed that cycloSal-d4TMP 1 and the bis(AB) triesters 7,8 were entirely independent of the presence of cellular thymidine kinase (TK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Meier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Germany.
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37
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Meier C, Lomp A, Meerbach A, Wutzler P. cycloSaligenyl-5-[(E)-2-bromovinyl]-2'-deoxyuridine monophosphate (cycloSal-BVDUMP) pronucleotides active against Epstein-Barr virus. Chembiochem 2001; 2:283-5. [PMID: 11828456 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20010401)2:4<283::aid-cbic283>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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38
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Meier C, Lomp A, Meerbach A, Wutzler P. Synthesis, hydrolysis and anti-EBV activity of a series of 3'-modified cycloSal-BVDUMP pronucleotides. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:307-14. [PMID: 11563042 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A series of cycloSal-BVDUMP phosphate triesters has been prepared. The prototype compound was 3-methyl-cycloSal-BVDUMP 2. Furthermore, a series of 3'-O-acyl-modified derivatives having carboxylic acids with different lipophilicity or a L-configurated alpha-amino acid (phenylalanine) was prepared. The hydrolysis properties in phosphate buffer PBS as well as in PBS containing pig liver esterase (PLE) will be described. Finally, the biological activity against EBV has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meier
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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39
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Meier C, Knispel T, Marquez VE, De Clercq E, Balzarini J. CycloSal-2'-ara(ribo)-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine monophosphates--an effort to solve the structure-activity relationship of 2'-fluoro-ddA. NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES 1999; 18:907-12. [PMID: 10432708 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel lipophilic cycloSal-triesters 3 and 4 from the ara- and ribo-configurated 2'-fluorinated ddAs 1 and 2, respectively, were prepared. The title compounds 3 and 4 delivered the corresponding monophosphates and thus, increasing the bioactivity or convert a formerly inactive compound into a RT inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Germany
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40
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41
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Lomp A, Meier C, Herderich M, Wutzler P. Evidence for cyclophosphate formation during hydrolysis of 3-methyl-cycloSal-PCVMP. NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES 1999; 18:943-4. [PMID: 10432715 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A hydrolysis study of 3-methyl-cycloSal-PCVMP 2 is described. Surprisingly, phosphotriester 5 released in this study not the expected PCVMP, but cycloPCVMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lomp
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Germany
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42
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Mugnier F, Meier C. Phosphoramidite chemistry for the synthesis of cycloSal-pro-nucleotides. NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES 1999; 18:941-2. [PMID: 10432714 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An alternative synthesis of 3-methyl-cycloSal-nucleotides 3-6 using phosphoramidite chemistry is described. This protocol clearly shows advantages for the cycloSal-introduction into cytosine containing nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mugnier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Germany
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Meier C, Habel L, Haller-Meier F, Lomp A, Herderich M, Klöcking R, Meerbach A, Wutzler P. Chemistry and anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 evaluation of cycloSal-nucleotides of acyclic nucleoside analogues. Antivir Chem Chemother 1998; 9:389-402. [PMID: 9875392 DOI: 10.1177/095632029800900503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of different cycloSal-phosphotriesters of the acyclic nucleoside analogues acyclovir (ACV), penciclovir (PCV) and T-penciclovir (T-PCV) as potential new lipophilic, membrane-soluble pronucleotides is described. The introduction of the cycloSal moiety was achieved by using reactive cyclic chlorophosphane reagents. In addition to the cycloSal-PCV monophosphate (MP) phosphotriesters, a second derivative bearing an acetyl group at the second primary alcohol function was prepared. In hydrolysis studies the cycloSal-ACVMPs showed the expected range of hydrolytic stability dependent on the substituent in the masking group (8-17 h). In contrast, the cycloSal-PCVMP derivatives exhibited a 11- to 15-fold increase in hydrolytic lability as compared to the corresponding cycloSal-ACVMP derivatives. We demonstrated that the free primary alcohol group is responsible for this rate acceleration because cycloSal-OAc-PCVMP, in which the hydroxyl group was blocked by acetylation, did not show the aforementioned acceleration. Unexpectedly, the hydrolysis product was not PCVMP but according to NMR and mass spectrometry it was cycloPCVMP (cPCVMP). The title compounds were evaluated in vitro for their ability to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and thymidine kinase-negative (TK-) HSV-1 replication in Vero cells. The cycloSal-ACVMP compounds exhibited high antiviral activity in HSV-1-infected cells. More importantly, one derivative retained all activity from the wild-type virus strain in HSV-1/TK(-)-infected Vero cells. The PCV derivatives were markedly less active. The reason for the failure of the cycloSal-PCVMPs seems to be due to the formation of cPCVMP instead of the desired PCVMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany.
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