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Carter CL, Jones JW, Barrow K, Kieta K, Taylor-Howell C, Kearney S, Smith CP, Gibbs A, Farese AM, MacVittie TJ, Kane MA. A MALDI-MSI Approach to the Characterization of Radiation-Induced Lung Injury and Medical Countermeasure Development. HEALTH PHYSICS 2015; 109:466-78. [PMID: 26425906 PMCID: PMC4745118 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury is highly complex and characterized by multiple pathologies, which occur over time and sporadically throughout the lung. This complexity makes biomarker investigations and medical countermeasure screenings challenging. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has the ability to resolve differences spatially in molecular profiles within the lung following radiation exposure and can aid in biomarker identification and pharmaceutical efficacy investigations. MALDI-MSI was applied to the investigation of a whole-thorax lung irradiation model in non-human primates (NHP) for lipidomic analysis and medical countermeasure distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Carter
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Jace W. Jones
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kory Barrow
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Kaitlyn Kieta
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Cheryl Taylor-Howell
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Sean Kearney
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Cassandra P. Smith
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Allison Gibbs
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ann M. Farese
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Ramos CIV, Pereira PMR, Santana-Marques MG, De Paula R, Simões MMQ, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Imidazole and imidazolium porphyrins: gas-phase chemistry of multicharged ions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:371-379. [PMID: 24809898 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode was used to investigate the gas-phase chemistry of multicharged ions from solutions of porphyrins with 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-yl (DMIM) and 1-methylimidazol-2-yl (MIm) meso-substituents. The studied compounds include two free bases and 12 complexes with transition metals (Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(III), and Fe(III)). The observed multicharged ions are either preformed or formed during the electrospraying process by reduction or protonation and comprise closed-shell and hypervalent mono-radical and bi-radical ions. The observed extensive and abundant fragmentation of the DMIM and MIm meso-substituents is a characteristic feature of these porphyrins. Fragments with the same mass values can be lost from the meso-substituents either as charged or neutral species and from closed-shell and hypervalent radical ions. Reduction processes are observed for both the free bases and the metallated DMIM porphyrins and occur predominantly by formation of hypervalent radicals that fragment, at low energy collisions, by loss of methyl radicals with formation of the corresponding MIm functionalities. These findings confirm that, when using electrospray ionization, reduction is an important characteristic of cationic meso-substituted tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, always occurring when delocalization of the formed hypervalent radicals is possible. For the Fe(III) and Mn(III) complexes, reduction of the metal centers is also observed as the predominant fragmentation of the corresponding reduced ions through losses of charged fragments testifies. The fragmentation of the closed-shell ions formed by protonation of the MIm porphyrins mirrors the fragmentation of the closed-shell ions of their DMIM counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I V Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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3
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Iglesias BA, Barata JFB, Ramos CIV, Santana-Marques MG, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Adventures in corrole features by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry studies. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47788f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this short review the importance of electrospray mass spectrometry in corrole chemistry is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana F. B. Barata
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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KACHADOURIAN R, SRINIVASAN N, HANEY CA, STEVENS RD. An LDI-TOF and ESI mass spectrometry study of a series of β-substituted cationic metalloporphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jpp.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of β-halogenated cationic metalloporphyrins were analyzed by LDI-TOF and ESI-MS. Although LDI-TOFMS reveals to be a good tool for the characterization of this family of metal-complexes, including the redox state of the metal, ESI-MS indicates in addition the relative tendency of such metal-complexes to be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. KACHADOURIAN
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - N. SRINIVASAN
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - C. A. HANEY
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - R. D. STEVENS
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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BAILEY SABRINAL, HAMBRIGHT P. Kinetics of zinc ion incorporation in base into a centrally aprotic beta-octabrominated cationic water-soluble porphyrin and its monolithium complex. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jpp.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of zinc incorporation from pH 12 to 13 into the centrally aprotic BrP (4)2+ form of beta-octabromo-meso-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin and its monolithium complex were studied at 25.0 °C, ionic strength (I) = 0.10. The reactions were first order in porphyrin and total zinc concentrations. For BrP (4)2+, the specific rate constant was 5.1 × 105 M -1 s -1 for Zn ( OH )2 aq , 9.9 × 104 M -1 s -1 for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was unreactive. The Li - BrP (4)3+ complex had a formation constant with BrP (4)2+ of 1.1 × 103 M -1 from both kinetic and equilibrium measurements. In solutions containing both BrP (4)2+ and Li - BrP (4)3+, zinc incorporation proceeded only through BrP (4)2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- SABRINA L. BAILEY
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - P. HAMBRIGHT
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Hambright P, Batinić-Haberle I, Spasojević I. Meso tetrakis ortho-, meta-, and para-N-alkylpyridiniopor-phyrins: kinetics of copper(II) and zinc(II) incorporation and zinc porphyrin demetalation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424603000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The relative reactivities of the tetrakis( N -alkylpyridinium- X - yl )-porphyrins where X = 4 (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, n -propyl) , X = 3 (methyl) , and X = 2 (methyl, ethyl, n -propyl, n -butyl, n -hexyl, n -octyl) were studied in aqueous solution. From the ionic strength dependence of the metalation rate constants, the effective charge of a particular cationic porphyrin was usually larger when copper(II) rather than zinc(II) was the reactant. The kinetics of ZnOH + incorporation and the acid catalyzed removal of zinc from the porphyrins in 1.0 M HCl were also studied. In general, the more basic 4- (para-) and 3- (meta-) isomers were the most reactive, followed by the less basic 2- (ortho-) methyl to n -butyl derivatives, with the lipophilic ortho n -hexyl and n -octyl porphyrins the least reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hambright
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Ines Batinić-Haberle
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojević
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Rebouças JS, de Carvalho MEMD, Idemori YM. Perhalogenated 2-pyridylporphyrin complexes: synthesis, self-coordinating aggregation properties, and catalytic studies. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424602000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18-octabromo-meso-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)porphyrin, H 2 Br 8 T 2 PyP , is described, including the comparison of four attempted methods for the demetallation of ZnBr 8 T 2 PyP . One of the methods represents a strategy of demetallation based on the acid-base properties of the macrocycle, the solvent-dependent kinetics of metal insertion into porphyrins and the pH -dependent solubility of the 2-pyridylporphyrin derivatives in water. Self-coordinating aggregation of ZnBr 8 T 2 PyP in non-coordinating solvents was verified by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The Mn(III)/Mn(II) redox potential for MnBr 8 T 2 PyPCl is 0.38 V higher than the reduction potential measured for its first-generation analogue, MnT 2 PyPCl . Cyclohexane hydroxylation by iodosylbenzene was performed in CH3 CN catalyzed by MnBr 8 T 2 PyPCl and MnT 2 PyPCl . MnBr 8 T 2 PyPCl was highly active, even at low concentration (5 × 10−5 M ), but perhalogenation did not account for oxidative robustness. At such a low catalyst concentration, MnT 2 PyPCl exhibited no activity as inferred by comparison to blank experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio S. Rebouças
- Departamento de Química - ICEx - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ynara M. Idemori
- Departamento de Química - ICEx - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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8
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Spasojevic I, Kos I, Benov LT, Rajic Z, Fels D, Dedeugd C, Ye X, Vujaskovic Z, Reboucas JS, Leong KW, Dewhirst MW, Batinic-Haberle I. Bioavailability of metalloporphyrin-based SOD mimics is greatly influenced by a single charge residing on a Mn site. Free Radic Res 2010; 45:188-200. [PMID: 20942564 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.522575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the cell Mn porphyrins (MnPs) likely couple with cellular reductants which results in a drop of total charge from 5+ to 4+ and dramatically increases their lipophilicity by up to three orders of magnitude depending upon the length of alkylpyridyl chains and type of isomer. The effects result from the interplay of solvation, lipophilicit and stericity. Impact of ascorbate on accumulation of MnPs was measured in E. coli and in Balb/C mouse tumours and muscle; for the latter measurements, the LC/ESI-MS/MS method was developed. Accumulation was significantly enhanced when MnPs were co-administered with ascorbate in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Further, MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+) accumulates 5-fold more in the tumour than in a muscle. Such data increase our understanding of MnPs cellular and sub-cellular accumulation and remarkable in vivo effects. The work is in progress to understand how coupling of MnPs with ascorbate affects their mechanism of action, in particular with respect to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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9
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Picard N, Ali H, van Lier JE, Klarskov K, Paquette B. Bromines on N-allyl position of cationic porphyrins affect both radio- and photosensitizing properties. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:224-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b812623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rebouças JS, Spasojević I, Batinić-Haberle I. Quality of potent Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimics and peroxynitrite scavengers for pre-clinical mechanistic/therapeutic purposes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:1046-9. [PMID: 18804338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic Mn porphyrins are among the most potent SOD mimics and peroxynitrite scavengers. They have been widely and successfully used in different models of oxidative stress and are either progressing towards or are in phase I of clinical trials. The most frequently used compounds are Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP(5+) or AEOL10113), its methyl analogue (MnTM-2-PyP(5+) or AEOL10112), and Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin (MnTBAP). A great discrepancy between the in vivo data obtained with Calbiochem preparations and those of authentic MnTE-2-PyP(5+) and MnTM-2-PyP(5+) samples were recently observed. Surprisingly, the commercial samples were invariably of poor identity and consisted of mixtures of nearly equal contributions of non-alkylated, mono-, di-, tri- and tetraalkylated porphyrins, lacking thus the major structural entity that determines their antioxidant potency, i.e., the four positively charged orthoN-alkylpyridyl groups that afford thermodynamic tuning of the active site and electrostatic guidance of anionic superoxide and peroxynitrite species toward the metal center. The MnTE-2-PyP(5+) and MnTM-2-PyP(5+) compounds were not even the major species in the commercial samples sold as "MnTE-2-PyP" and "MnTM-2-PyP", respectively. While we have already reported the insufficient impurity of the MnTBAP samples from Alexis and other suppliers, in one more recent lot the situation is dramatic, as 25% of the sample was not MnTBAP, but metal-free ligand, H(2)TBAP. The (unintentional) use of the Mn porphyrins of low quality compromises therapeutic and/or mechanistic conclusions. Simple techniques, which include thin-layer chromatography, electrospray-mass spectrometry, UV-vis spectroscopy, and electrochemistry described here could be used routinely to check the overall quality of Mn porphyrins in order to avoid misleading conclusions and waste of valuable resources (animals, compounds, time, manpower).
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio S Rebouças
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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11
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Ramos CIV, Santana-Marques MG, Ferrer Correia AJ, Tomé JPC, Alonso CM, Tomé AC, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Reduction and adduct formation from electrosprayed solutions of porphyrin salts. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:806-813. [PMID: 18205238 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The solutions of four meso-tetrakis(N-alkylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin salts and of the p-toluenesulfonate salt of meso-tetrakis(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)porphyrin, in methanol, were studied by electrospray mass spectrometry, in order to investigate the influence of the type of counter ion, the length of the substituent N-alkyl groups of the four (N-alkylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrins and the presence of an aromatic (alkylpyridinium) or aliphatic (trimethylammonium) nitrogen, in ion formation. In our experimental conditions, adducts with the counter ions were formed only for the meso-tetrakis(4-trimethylammoniumphenyl)porphyrin and were not observed for the other porphyrins, even when the counter ion was the same. In contrast, formation of reduced species, such as the [M(4+) + e(-)]3+, [M(4+) + 2e(-)]2+, [M(4+) + 4e(-) + 2H(+)]2+, and [M(4+) + 5e(-) + 2H(+)]+ ions was observed only for the (N-alkylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrins and the appearance of these species is apparently solvent related and may occur via counter ion/solvent adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I V Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Ramos CIV, Santana Marques MG, Correia AJF, Serra VV, Tomé JPC, Tomé AC, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Reduction of cationic free-base meso-tris-N-methylpyridinium-4-yl porphyrins in positive mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:762-8. [PMID: 17293123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reductions involving more than one electron with formation of the M+ and [M+2H]+ ions were observed for electrosprayed meso-tris(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin iodides, MI3. These reductions were studied by using different solvents and flow rates. Formation of the [M+2H]+ ions occurred only for protic solvents and to a larger extent at lower flow rates. The type of the fourth substituent does not seem to affect the reduction processes. Formation of the two reduced species, M+ and [M+2H]+ ions, may occur through the participation of counter ion/solvent clusters. Reduction of multiply charged, non-metallated species with formation of [M+nH]+ ions (n > 1) was not observed before in positive mode electrospray mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I V Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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Izquierdo RA, Barros CM, Santana-Marques MG, Ferrer-Correia AJ, Silva EMP, Giuntini F, Faustino MAF, Tomé JPC, Tomé AC, Silva AMS, Neves GPMS, Cavaleiro JAS, Peixoto AF, Pereira MM, Pais AACC. Characterization of isomeric cationic porphyrins with beta-pyrrolic substituents by electrospray mass spectrometry: the singular behavior of a potential virus photoinactivator. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:218-25. [PMID: 17070697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2006] [Revised: 09/17/2006] [Accepted: 09/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) have been used to differentiate the 2- and 4-methylpyridyl isomers of free-base and metallated cationic beta-vinylpyridylporphyrins. The analysis by ESI-MS/MS of the deuterated analogs and semiempirical calculations of structural and electronic parameters were also undertaken. The two free-base isomers are easily differentiated by ESI-MS/MS but the presence of a metallic center renders differentiation of the metallated isomers less effective. The data acquired show that of all the studied compounds, the free-base 2-methylpyridyl isomer, which was operative in the in vitro photoinactivation of Herpes simples virus, has a different gas-phase behavior. Local distortion of the macrocycle due to the presence of the beta-vinylpyridyl substituent occurs for all the compounds, but a different electron density distribution can account for the observed gas-phase behavior of this potential virus photoinactivator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Izquierdo
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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Di Marco VB, Bombi GG. Electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the study of metal-ligand solution equilibria. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:347-79. [PMID: 16369936 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the 20 years, since the introduction of electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), the use of this technique in various fields of inorganic, organometallic, and analytical chemistry has been steadily increasing. In this study, the application of ESI-MS to the study of metal-ligand solution equilibria is reviewed (till 2004 included). In a first section, advantages and drawbacks of ESI-MS in this type of application are described. Subsequently, a list of ca. 300 studies is reported, in which ESI-MS was used to give number and stoichiometry of the species at equilibrium, or also to estimate their stability constants. All studies are classified according to the metal ions under examination. Other related applications, such as host-guest interactions and metal ion-protein binding studies, are briefly reviewed as well.
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15
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Tomazela DM, Gozzo FC, Mayer I, Engelmann FM, Araki K, Toma HE, Eberlin MN. Electrospray mass and tandem mass spectrometry of homologous and isomeric singly, doubly, triply and quadruply charged cationic ruthenated meso-(phenyl)m-(meta- and para-pyridyl)n (m + n = 4) macrocyclic porphyrin complexes. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2004; 39:1161-1167. [PMID: 15468107 DOI: 10.1002/jms.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ten homologous or isomeric singly, doubly, triply and quadruply charged cationic macrocyclic complexes I-Va, bn+ (n = 1-4) formed by the coordination of [Ru(bipy)2Cl]+ to the pyridyl N-atoms of a series of meso-(phenyl)m-(meta or para-pyridyl)n-porphyrins (m + n = 4) were transferred to the gas phase and structurally characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass (MS) and tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry. Previously known to be stable in solution and in the solid state, I-Va, bn+ are found to constitute also a new class of stable, long-lived multiply charged gas-phase ions with spatially separated charge sites. Increasing intramolecular electrostatic repulsion from Ia, b+ to IVa, b3+ facilitates in-source and tandem collision-induced dissociation (CID). However, for the quadruply charged ions Va, b4+, electrostatic repulsion is alleviated mainly by ion pairing with the CF3SO3- counterion forming the salt clusters [Va,b/CF3SO3]3+ and [Va,b/(CF3SO3)2]2+ with reduced charge states. Ion-pairing that yields [IVa,b/CF3SO3]2+ is also observed as a minor ESI process for the triply charged ions IVa, b3+. The gaseous ions I-Va, bn+ (n = 2, 3 or 4) dissociate by sequential 'charge partitioning' with the formation of two cationic fragments by the release of [Ru(bipy)2Cl]+. The meta (a) and para (b) isomers and the positional isomers II2+ and III2+ display nearly identical ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS spectra. ESI-MS/MS of I-Va, bn+ shows that the Ru-py(P) is, intrinsically, the weakest bond since this bond breaks preferentially upon CID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Tomazela
- Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
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Mineo P, Vitalini D, La Mendola D, Rizzarelli E, Scamporrino E, Vecchio G. Coordination features of difunctionalized beta-cyclodextrins with carnosine: ESI-MS and spectroscopic investigations on 6A,6D-di-(beta-alanyl-L-histidine)-6A,6D-dideoxy-beta-cyclodextrin and 6A,6C-di-(beta-alanyl-L-histidine)-6A,6C-dideoxy-beta-cyclodextrin and their copper(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:254-65. [PMID: 14729306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2003.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CD) functionalized with two units of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) through the amino group, 6A,6C-(beta-alanyl-L-histidine)-6A,6C-dideoxy-beta-cyclodextrin (ACCDAH) and 6A,6D-(beta-alanyl-L-histidine)-6A,6D-dideoxy-beta-cyclodextrin (ADCDAH), are reported. NMR and C.D. data of the ligands indicate a different interaction of dipeptide chains with upper rim and cavity of beta-CD. Analogously, spectroscopic and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data show different copper(II) complex species formed by the two regioisomers. The ability of carnosine-cyclodextrin derivatives to bind copper ions in a head-to-tail fashion induces the formation of oligomeric species (up to hexamers) in the case of ACCDAH, where the two carnosine moieties are adjacent, while in the ADCDAH case the mutual interaction between the peptidic chains of two ADCDAH molecules allows the almost exclusive formation of a copper-assisted self-assembled dimeric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Placido Mineo
- Istituto di Chimica e Tecnologia dei Polimeri, CNR-Sezione di Catania, Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, Catania 95125, Italy
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Giovannetti R, Bartocci V, Pucciarelli F, Ricciutelli M. Reactions of anionic porphyrin with group 11 elements: a spectrophotometric and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry study. Talanta 2004; 63:857-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2003.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Revised: 12/05/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Batinić-Haberle I, Spasojević I, Stevens RD, Hambright P, Neta P, Okado-Matsumoto A, Fridovich I. New class of potent catalysts of O2.-dismutation. Mn(III) ortho-methoxyethylpyridyl- and di-ortho-methoxyethylimidazolylporphyrins. Dalton Trans 2004:1696-702. [PMID: 15252564 DOI: 10.1039/b400818a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Three new Mn(III) porphyrin catalysts of O2.-dismutation (superoxide dismutase mimics), bearing ether oxygen atoms within their side chains, were synthesized and characterized: Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyridinium-2-yl]porphyrin (MnTMOE-2-PyP(5+)), Mn(III)5,10,15,20-tetrakis[N-methyl-N'-(2-methoxyethyl)imidazolium-2-yl]porphyrin (MnTM,MOE-2-ImP(5+)) and Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[N,N'-di(2-methoxyethyl)imidazolium-2-yl]porphyrin (MnTDMOE-2-ImP(5+)). Their catalytic rate constants for O2.-dismutation (disproportionation) and the related metal-centered redox potentials vs. NHE are: log k(cat)= 8.04 (E(1/2)=+251 mV) for MnTMOE-2-PyP(5+), log k(cat)= 7.98 (E(1/2)=+356 mV) for MnTM,MOE-2-ImP(5+) and log k(cat)= 7.59 (E(1/2)=+365 mV) for MnTDMOE-2-ImP(5+). The new porphyrins were compared to the previously described SOD mimics Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP(5+)), Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-n-butylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTnBu-2-PyP(5+)) and Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N,N'-diethylimidazolium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTDE-2-ImP(5+)). MnTMOE-2-PyP(5+) has side chains of the same length and the same E(1/2), as MnTnBu-2-PyP(5+)(k(cat)= 7.25, E(1/2)=+ 254 mV), yet it is 6-fold more potent a catalyst of O2.-dismutation , presumably due to the presence of the ether oxygen. The log k(cat)vs. E(1/2) relationship for all Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimics thus far studied is discussed. None of the new compounds were toxic to Escherichia coli in the concentration range studied (up to 30 microM), and protected SOD-deficient E. coli in a concentration-dependent manner. At 3 microM levels, the MnTDMOE-2-ImP(5+), bearing an oxygen atom within each of the eight side chains, was the most effective and offered much higher protection than MnTE-2-PyP(5+), while MnTDE-2-ImP(5+) was of very low efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinić-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Bailey SL, Hambright P. Kinetics of the reactions of divalent copper, zinc, cobalt, and nickel with a deformed water soluble centrally monoprotic porphyrin. Inorganica Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(02)01323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Witowska-Jarosz J, Górski Ł, Malinowska E, Jarosz M. Mass spectrometric investigation of gallium and zirconium complexes with octaethylporphyrin and tetraphenylporphyrin. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:1236-1241. [PMID: 12489083 DOI: 10.1002/jms.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gallium and zirconium octaethylporphyrin (OEP) and tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) were examined by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. All systems were prepared in dichloromethane with addition of a stabilizing lipophilic anionic agent, sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaTFPB). In the solutions examined both monomeric and dimeric metalloporphyrins were observed. In the gallium-OEP mass spectrum the ion registered at m/z 601 was attributed to monomeric [Ga(OEP)](+) and that at m/z 1219 to the dimeric form, [[Ga(OEP)](2)OH](+). Peaks appearing in the ESI mass spectra of zirconium systems were substantially less intense, probably owing to the relatively low stability of complexes of this metal caused by its different geometry preferences. The most abundant monomeric zirconium-OEP complexes were [[Zr(OEP)OH]](+) (m/z 639) and [Zr(OEP)Cl](+) (m/z 657), and dimeric [[Zr(OEP)OH](2)](2+) (m/z 639). Analogous species were observed in the Zr(TPP) system: monomeric [[Zr(OEP)OH]](+) (m/z 719) and [Zr(TPP)Cl](+) (m/z 737) and dimeric [[Zr(TPP)OH](2)](2+) (m/z 719). In both cases series of other dimers, e.g. [[Zr(OEP)](2)O(2)H](+) (m/z 1277), [[Zr(OEP)OH](2)Cl](+) (m/z 1313), [Zr(TPP)(2)O(2)H](+), (m/z 1437), [[Zr(TPP)OH](2)OH](+) (m/z 1455) and [[Zr(TPP)OH](2)Cl](+) (m/z 1473), appeared. The results obtained confirmed the hypothesis concerning the formation of dimeric metalloporphyrins in solutions containing stabilizing lipophilic anions. It also allowed us to explain the super-Nernstian slopes of the calibration curves towards primary anions of ion-selective electrodes with membranes containing the examined metalloporphyrins.
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Batinić-Haberle I. Manganese porphyrins and related compounds as mimics of superoxide dismutase. Methods Enzymol 2002; 349:223-33. [PMID: 11912911 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(02)49337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinić-Haberle
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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22
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Kachadourian R, Menzeleev R, Agha B, Bocckino SB, Day BJ. High-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric and electrochemical detection of a series of manganese(III) cationic porphyrins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 767:61-7. [PMID: 11863296 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed potent pharmacological activities of manganese-containing cationic porphyrins. An analytical method employing high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric and electrochemical detection (HPLC-UV/EC) suitable for in vivo applications is described for a series of manganese(III) cationic porphyrins with good separation and resolution. In particular, this method resolved the four atropisomers of manganese(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP5+ or AEOL-10113), verified by mass spectrometry. Electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods of detection were compared using manganese(III) meso-tetrakis(1,3-diethylimidazolium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTDE-2-ImP5+ or AEOL-10150), the lead catalytic antioxidant of this series. Both methods of detection were quantitative, but electrochemical detection, although less specific for in vivo applications, appears to be considerably more sensitive than spectrophotometric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Kachadourian
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Batinić-Haberle I, Spasojević I, Stevens RD, Hambright P, Fridovich I. Manganese(iii) meso-tetrakis(ortho-N-alkylpyridyl)porphyrins. Synthesis, characterization, and catalysis of O2˙− dismutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b201057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mineo P, Vitalini D, La Mendola D, Rizzarelli E, Scamporrino E, Vecchio G. Electrospray mass spectrometric studies of L-carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) complexes with copper(II) or zinc ions in aqueous solution. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2002; 16:722-729. [PMID: 11921252 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used for the speciation of supramolecular assemblies formed between equimolar amounts of carnosine and copper or zinc ions in dilute aqueous solutions. In the case of pure carnosine and carnosine/copper systems, the effect of pH changes, in the range 2-9, on the complexes surviving in solution was also explored. ESI data, besides supporting previous reported results on the formation of dimeric carnosine/copper and carnosine/zinc complexes, allowed a more complete speciation of the examined systems, bringing to light the existence of bis-complex species and, in the zinc case, the formation of oligomeric species. The data obtained for the systems investigated show that ESI-MS is not only a reliable and fast technique for the analysis of the metal/ligand systems, but also an interesting tool to obtain stoichiometric information on metal complexes formed in very low concentration solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mineo
- Istituto per la Chimica e la Tecnologia dei Materiali Polimerci, CNR, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Spasojević I, Batinić-Haberle I, Stevens RD, Hambright P, Thorpe AN, Grodkowski J, Neta P, Fridovich I. Manganese(III) biliverdin IX dimethyl ester: a powerful catalytic scavenger of superoxide employing the Mn(III)/Mn(IV) redox couple. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:726-39. [PMID: 11225116 DOI: 10.1021/ic0004986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A manganese(III) complex of biliverdin IX dimethyl ester, (MnIIIBVDME)2, was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, UV/vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry, electrospray mass spectrometry, freezing-point depression, magnetic susceptibility, and catalytic dismuting of superoxide anion (O2.-). In a dimeric conformation each trivalent manganese is bound to four pyrrolic nitrogens of one biliverdin dimethyl ester molecule and to the enolic oxygen of another molecule. This type of coordination stabilizes the +4 metal oxidation state, whereby the +3/+4 redox cycling of the manganese in aqueous medium was found to be at E1/2 = +0.45 V vs NHE. This potential allows the Mn(III)/Mn(IV) couple to efficiently catalyze the dismutation of O2.- with the catalytic rate constant of kcat = 5.0 x 10(7) M-1 s-1 (concentration calculated per manganese) obtained by cytochrome c assay at pH 7.8 and 25 degrees C. The fifth coordination site of the manganese is occupied by an enolic oxygen, which precludes binding of NO., thus enhancing the specificity of the metal center toward O2.-. For the same reason the (MnIIIBVDME)2 is resistant to attack by H2O2. The compound also proved to be an efficient SOD mimic in vivo, facilitating the aerobic growth of SOD-deficient Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Spasojević
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Wu HF. Current awareness. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2000; 35:1055-1066. [PMID: 10973007 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9888(200008)35:8<1055::aid-jms981>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of mass spectrometry. Each bibliography is divided into 11 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 Instrumental Techniques & Methods; 3 Gas Phase Ion Chemistry; 4 Biology/Biochemistry: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Nucleic Acids; 5 Pharmacology/Toxicology; 6 Natural Products; 7 Analysis of Organic Compounds; 8 Analysis of Inorganics/Organometallics; 9 Surface Analysis; 10 Environmental Analysis; 11 Elemental Analysis. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author (6 Weeks journals - Search completed at 7th. June 2000)
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Affiliation(s)
- HF Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taipei Hsien 25137, Taiwan
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