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Penet MF, Sharma RK, Bharti S, Mori N, Artemov D, Bhujwalla ZM. Cancer insights from magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cells and excised tumors. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4724. [PMID: 35262263 PMCID: PMC9458776 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multinuclear ex vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of cancer cells, xenografts, human cancer tissue, and biofluids is a rapidly expanding field that is providing unique insights into cancer. Starting from the 1970s, the field has continued to evolve as a stand-alone technology or as a complement to in vivo MRS to characterize the metabolome of cancer cells, cancer-associated stromal cells, immune cells, tumors, biofluids and, more recently, changes in the metabolome of organs induced by cancers. Here, we review some of the insights into cancer obtained with ex vivo MRS and provide a perspective of future directions. Ex vivo MRS of cells and tumors provides opportunities to understand the role of metabolism in cancer immune surveillance and immunotherapy. With advances in computational capabilities, the integration of artificial intelligence to identify differences in multinuclear spectral patterns, especially in easily accessible biofluids, is providing exciting advances in detection and monitoring response to treatment. Metabolotheranostics to target cancers and to normalize metabolic changes in organs induced by cancers to prevent cancer-induced morbidity are other areas of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raj Kumar Sharma
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Santosh Bharti
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Noriko Mori
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Chatelaine HA, Ramazani CA, Spencer K, Olivo‐Marston S, Bailey MT, McElroy J, Hatzakis E, Mathé EA, Kopec RE. Dietary Energy Intake and Presence of Aberrant Crypt Foci Are Associated with Phospholipid, Purine, and Taurine Metabolite Abundances in C57BL/6N Mouse Colon. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200180. [PMID: 35969485 PMCID: PMC9787839 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Colon metabolomes associated with high-fat (H) versus energy-restricted (E) diets in early colorectal cancer (CRC) models have never been directly compared. The objectives of this study are to elucidate metabolites associated with diet, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), and diet:ACF interaction, using a lifetime murine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Three-week-old mice consumed control (C), E, or H initiation diets for 18 weeks. ACF formation is initiated weeks 16-21 with azoxymethane injections, followed by progression diet crossover (to C, E, or H) through week 60. Colon extracts are analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Metabolites associated with diet, ACF, or diet:ACF are determined using regression models (FDR-adjusted p-value <0.05). No metabolites are significantly associated with initiation diets, but concentrations of acylcarnitines and phospholipids are associated with C, E, and H progression diets. Purines, taurine, and phospholipids are associated with ACF presence. No significant associations between metabolites and diet:ACF interaction are observed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that recent, rather than early-life, diet is more closely associated with the colon metabolome, particularly lipid metabolism. Results from this study also provide candidate biomarkers of early CRC development and provide support for the importance of early diet on influencing pre-CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A. Chatelaine
- OSU Interdisciplinary Nutrition PhD Program (OSUN)Department of Human SciencesThe Ohio State University1787 Neil AveColumbusOH43210United States
- Division of Preclinical Innovation Informatics CoreNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences9800 Medical Center DriveRockvilleMD20850USA
| | - Cynthia A. Ramazani
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- Big Data for Indiana State UniversityIndiana State UniversityTerre HauteIN47807USA
| | - Kyle Spencer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation Informatics CoreNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences9800 Medical Center DriveRockvilleMD20850USA
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOH43205USA
| | - Susan Olivo‐Marston
- Division of EpidemiologyCollege of Public HealthThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- Southern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldIL62794USA
| | - Michael T. Bailey
- Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOH43205USA
- Department of PediatricsThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOH43210USA
- Center for Microbial PathogenesisNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOH43205USA
- Oral and GI Research Affinity GroupNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOH43205USA
| | - Joseph McElroy
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- Foods for Health Discovery ThemeThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Ewy A. Mathé
- Division of Preclinical Innovation Informatics CoreNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciences9800 Medical Center DriveRockvilleMD20850USA
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
- Translational Data Analytics InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Rachel E. Kopec
- OSU Interdisciplinary Nutrition PhD Program (OSUN)Department of Human SciencesThe Ohio State University1787 Neil AveColumbusOH43210United States
- Foods for Health Discovery ThemeThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
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Garza DR, Taddese R, Wirbel J, Zeller G, Boleij A, Huynen MA, Dutilh BE. Metabolic models predict bacterial passengers in colorectal cancer. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:3. [PMID: 32055399 PMCID: PMC7008539 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-0208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex multifactorial disease. Increasing evidence suggests that the microbiome is involved in different stages of CRC initiation and progression. Beyond specific pro-oncogenic mechanisms found in pathogens, metagenomic studies indicate the existence of a microbiome signature, where particular bacterial taxa are enriched in the metagenomes of CRC patients. Here, we investigate to what extent the abundance of bacterial taxa in CRC metagenomes can be explained by the growth advantage resulting from the presence of specific CRC metabolites in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS We composed lists of metabolites and bacteria that are enriched on CRC samples by reviewing metabolomics experimental literature and integrating data from metagenomic case-control studies. We computationally evaluated the growth effect of CRC enriched metabolites on over 1500 genome-based metabolic models of human microbiome bacteria. We integrated the metabolomics data and the mechanistic models by using scores that quantify the response of bacterial biomass production to CRC-enriched metabolites and used these scores to rank bacteria as potential CRC passengers. RESULTS We found that metabolic networks of bacteria that are significantly enriched in CRC metagenomic samples either depend on metabolites that are more abundant in CRC samples or specifically benefit from these metabolites for biomass production. This suggests that metabolic alterations in the cancer environment are a major component shaping the CRC microbiome. CONCLUSION Here, we show with in sillico models that supplementing the intestinal environment with CRC metabolites specifically predicts the outgrowth of CRC-associated bacteria. We thus mechanistically explain why a range of CRC passenger bacteria are associated with CRC, enhancing our understanding of this disease. Our methods are applicable to other microbial communities, since it allows the systematic investigation of how shifts in the microbiome can be explained from changes in the metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Garza
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rahwa Taddese
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB Netherlands
| | - Jakob Wirbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Zeller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. Huynen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas E. Dutilh
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sience4Life, Utrecht University, Hugo R. Kruytgebouw, Room Z-509, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Comparative metabolomics of MCF-7 breast cancer cells using different extraction solvents assessed by mass spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13126. [PMID: 31511569 PMCID: PMC6739366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of cancer cells can play a vital role in revealing the molecular bases of cancer development and progression. In this study, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the determination of signatures found in ER+/PR+ breast cancer cells derived from MCF-7 using different extraction solvents including: A, formic acid in water; B, ammonium hydroxide in water; C, ethyl acetate; D, methanol: water (1:1, v/v); and E, acetonitrile: water (1:1, v/v). The greatest extraction rate and diversity of metabolites occurs with extraction solvents A and E. Extraction solvent D showed moderate extraction efficiency, whereas extraction solvent B and C showed inferior metabolite diversity. Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) results showed energy production pathways to be key in MCF-7 cell lines. This study showed that mass spectrometry could identify key metabolites associated with cancers. The highest enriched pathways were related to energy production as well as Warburg effect pathways, which may shed light on how energy metabolism has been hijacked to encourage tumour progression and eventually metastasis in breast cancer.
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Dani VD, Lankadurai BP, Nagato EG, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Comparison of metabolomic responses of earthworms to sub-lethal imidacloprid exposure in contact and soil tests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18846-18855. [PMID: 31065987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eisenia fetida earthworms were exposed to sub-lethal levels of imidacloprid for 48 h via contact filter paper tests and soil tests. After the exposure, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics was used to measure earthworm sub-lethal responses by analyzing the changes in the polar metabolite profile. Maltose, glucose, malate, lactate/threonine, myo-inositol, glutamate, arginine, lysine, tyrosine, leucine, and phenylalanine relative concentrations were altered with imidacloprid exposure in soil. In addition to these metabolites (excluding leucine and phenylalanine), fumarate, ATP, inosine, betaine, scyllo-inositol, glutamine, valine, tryptophan, alanine, tyrosine, and isoleucine relative concentrations shifted with imidacloprid exposure during contact tests. Metabolite changes in E. fetida earthworms exposed to imidacloprid showed a non-linear concentration response and an upregulation in gluconeogenesis. Overall, imidacloprid exposure in soil induces a less pronounced response in metabolites glucose, maltose, fumarate, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), inosine, scyllo-inositol, lactate/threonine, and tyrosine in comparison to the response observed via contact tests. Thus, our study highlights that tests in soil can result in a different metabolic response in E. fetida and demonstrates the importance of different modes of exposure and the extent of metabolic perturbation in earthworms. Our study also emphasizes the underlying metabolic disruption of earthworms after acute sub-lethal exposure to imidacloprid. These observations should be further examined in different soil types to assess the sub-lethal toxicity of imidacloprid to soil-dwelling earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek D Dani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Brian P Lankadurai
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Edward G Nagato
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Garg G, Yilmaz A, Kumar P, Turkoglu O, Mutch DG, Powell MA, Rosen B, Bahado-Singh RO, Graham SF. Targeted metabolomic profiling of low and high grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer tissues: a pilot study. Metabolomics 2018; 14:154. [PMID: 30830441 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies and has an alarming global fatality rate. Besides the differences in underlying pathogenesis, distinguishing between high grade (HG) and low grade (LG) EOC is imperative for the prediction of disease progression and responsiveness to chemotherapy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate, the tissue metabolome associated with HG and LG serous epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS A combination of one dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1D H NMR) spectroscopy and targeted mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to profile the tissue metabolome of HG, LG serous EOCs, and controls. RESULTS Using partial least squares-discriminant analysis, we observed significant separation between all groups (p < 0.05) following cross validation. We identified which metabolites were significantly perturbed in each EOC grade as compared with controls and report the biochemical pathways which were perturbed due to the disease. Among these metabolic pathways, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism was identified, for the first time, as being significantly altered in both LG and HG serous cancers. Further, we have identified potential biomarkers of EOC and generated predictive algorithms with AUC (CI) = 0.940 and 0.929 for HG and LG, respectively. CONCLUSION These previously unreported biochemical changes provide a framework for future metabolomic studies for the development of EOC biomarkers. Finally, pharmacologic targeting of the key metabolic pathways identified herein could lead to novel and effective treatments of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjal Garg
- Karmanos Cancer Institute Mclaren Flint, 4100 Beecher Road, 48532, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Onur Turkoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - David G Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. CB 8064, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew A Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. CB 8064, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barry Rosen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Ray O Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Dani VD, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Analysis of earthworm sublethal toxic responses to atrazine exposure using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:473-480. [PMID: 28888035 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine toxicity to earthworms is still not fully understood, particularly at sublethal concentrations. Because of the ubiquity of atrazine in the environment, it is imperative to understand the impacts of atrazine presence to soil-dwelling organisms. To examine this in detail, we used 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics to elucidate earthworm (Eisenia fetida) responses after 48 h of atrazine exposure in contact tests. Earthworms were exposed to 4 sublethal concentrations of 362.4, 181.2, 90.6, and 45.3 ng/cm2 , which correspond to 1/8th, 1/16th, 1/32nd, and 1/64th of the median lethal concentration (LC50) values, respectively. After exposure, polar metabolites were isolated from earthworm tissues and analyzed using 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Sublethal atrazine exposure induced a nonmonotonic response with respect to exposure concentration and caused an overall suppression in earthworm metabolism. Maltose, fumarate, malate, threonine/lactate, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), betaine, scyllo-inositol, glutamate, arginine, and glutamine were the metabolites identified as most sensitive to atrazine exposure. These observed fluctuations in the metabolic profile suggest that atrazine reduced ATP synthesis and negatively impacted the health of earthworms after acute sublethal exposure. Our study also demonstrates the utility of NMR-based metabolomics for the basic assessment of sublethal toxicity, which can then be used for more targeted approaches with other molecular techniques. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:473-480. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek D Dani
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Bogner W, Hangel G, Esmaeili M, Andronesi OC. 1D-spectral editing and 2D multispectral in vivo 1H-MRS and 1H-MRSI - Methods and applications. Anal Biochem 2017; 529:48-64. [PMID: 28034791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the methodological aspects of detecting low-abundant J-coupled metabolites via 1D spectral editing techniques and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods applied in vivo, in humans, with a focus on the brain. A brief explanation of the basics of J-evolution will be followed by an introduction to 1D spectral editing techniques (e.g., J-difference editing, multiple quantum coherence filtering) and 2D-NMR methods (e.g., correlation spectroscopy, J-resolved spectroscopy). Established and recently developed methods will be discussed and the most commonly edited J-coupled metabolites (e.g., neurotransmitters, antioxidants, onco-markers, and markers for metabolic processes) will be briefly summarized along with their most important applications in neuroscience and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bogner
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Morteza Esmaeili
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Chen W, Lu S, Ou J, Wang G, Zu Y, Chen F, Bai C. Metabonomic characteristics and biomarker research of human lung cancer tissues by HR1H NMR spectroscopy. Cancer Biomark 2016; 16:653-64. [PMID: 27002768 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaohua Lu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxian Ou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guifang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukun Zu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Fan TWM, Lane AN. Applications of NMR spectroscopy to systems biochemistry. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 92-93:18-53. [PMID: 26952191 PMCID: PMC4850081 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The past decades of advancements in NMR have made it a very powerful tool for metabolic research. Despite its limitations in sensitivity relative to mass spectrometric techniques, NMR has a number of unparalleled advantages for metabolic studies, most notably the rigor and versatility in structure elucidation, isotope-filtered selection of molecules, and analysis of positional isotopomer distributions in complex mixtures afforded by multinuclear and multidimensional experiments. In addition, NMR has the capacity for spatially selective in vivo imaging and dynamical analysis of metabolism in tissues of living organisms. In conjunction with the use of stable isotope tracers, NMR is a method of choice for exploring the dynamics and compartmentation of metabolic pathways and networks, for which our current understanding is grossly insufficient. In this review, we describe how various direct and isotope-edited 1D and 2D NMR methods can be employed to profile metabolites and their isotopomer distributions by stable isotope-resolved metabolomic (SIRM) analysis. We also highlight the importance of sample preparation methods including rapid cryoquenching, efficient extraction, and chemoselective derivatization to facilitate robust and reproducible NMR-based metabolomic analysis. We further illustrate how NMR has been applied in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo in various stable isotope tracer-based metabolic studies, to gain systematic and novel metabolic insights in different biological systems, including human subjects. The pathway and network knowledge generated from NMR- and MS-based tracing of isotopically enriched substrates will be invaluable for directing functional analysis of other 'omics data to achieve understanding of regulation of biochemical systems, as demonstrated in a case study. Future developments in NMR technologies and reagents to enhance both detection sensitivity and resolution should further empower NMR in systems biochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa W-M Fan
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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Sharma U, Upadhyay D, Mewar S, Mishra A, Das P, Gupta SD, Dwivedi SN, Makharia GK, Jagannathan NR. Metabolic abnormalities of gastrointestinal mucosa in celiac disease: An in vitro proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1492-8. [PMID: 25867107 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Celiac disease (CeD) is a common autoimmune disorder in which ingestion of gluten and related proteins leads to inflammation in the small intestine. Although the histological findings in CeD are characteristic, they are not specific. In this study, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the differences in metabolic profile of duodenal mucosal biopsies of patients with CeD and controls to find out the biomarker/s of villous atrophy. METHODS Duodenal mucosal biopsies were collected from 29 CeD patients (mean age 26.2 ± 10.8 years) and 17 controls (mean age 34.1 ± 11.1 years) and were subjected to proton NMR spectroscopy following perchloric acid extraction. Assignment of metabolite resonances was carried out and their concentrations were determined. For comparison between the groups unpaired t-test/Wilcoxon rank sum test was used. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis was performed to study the clustering behavior of the samples from CeD patients and controls using the Unscrambler 10.2 software. RESULTS Partial least squares-discriminant analysis clearly differentiated CeD patients from controls. Significantly higher concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, aspartate, succinate, and pyruvate, and lower concentration of glycerophosphocholine, were observed in the duodenal mucosa of CeD patients compared with controls. The results suggest abnormalities in glycolysis, Krebs cycle (energy deficiency), and amino acid metabolism, which may affect the biosynthetic pathways and consequently contribute to villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS NMR spectroscopy with multivariate analysis of duodenal mucosal biopsies revealed a characteristic metabolic profile in CeD patients. The work provided an insight in determining biomarker/s for villous atrophy and diagnosis of CeD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Upadhyay
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujeet Mewar
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Asha Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sada Nand Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Govind K Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Williams MD, Zhang X, Park JJ, Siems WF, Gang DR, Resar LMS, Reeves R, Hill HH. Characterizing metabolic changes in human colorectal cancer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4581-95. [PMID: 25943258 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, despite the fact that it is a curable disease when diagnosed early. The development of new screening methods to aid in early diagnosis or identify precursor lesions at risk for progressing to CRC will be vital to improving the survival rate of individuals predisposed to CRC. Metabolomics is an advancing area that has recently seen numerous applications to the field of cancer research. Altered metabolism has been studied for many years as a means to understand and characterize cancer. However, further work is required to establish standard procedures and improve our ability to identify distinct metabolomic profiles that can be used to diagnose CRC or predict disease progression. The present study demonstrates the use of direct infusion traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry to distinguish metabolic profiles from CRC samples and matched non-neoplastic epithelium as well as metastatic and primary tumors at different stages of disease (T1-T4). By directly infusing our samples, the analysis time was reduced significantly, thus increasing the speed and efficiency of this method compared to traditional metabolomics platforms. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to visualize differences between the metabolic profiles of sample types and to identify the specific m/z features that led to this differentiation. Identification of the distinct m/z features was made using the human metabolome database. We discovered alterations in fatty acid biosynthesis and oxidative, glycolytic, and polyamine pathways that distinguish tumors from non-malignant colonic epithelium as well as various stages of CRC. Although further studies are needed, our results indicate that colonic epithelial cells undergo metabolic reprogramming during their evolution to CRC, and the distinct metabolites could serve as diagnostic tools or potential targets in therapy or primary prevention. Graphical Abstract Colon tissue biopsy samples were collected from patients after which metabolites were extracted via sonication. Two-dimensional data were collected via IMS in tandem with MS (IMMS). Data were then interpreted statistically via PLS-DA. Scores plots provided a visualization of statistical separation and groupings of sample types. Loading plots allowed identification of influential ion features. Lists of these features were exported and analyzed for specific differences. Direct comparisons of the ion features led to the identification and comparative analyses of candidate biomarkers. These differences were then expressed visually in charts and tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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13
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Serum metabolomic analysis of human upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7531-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Williams MD, Zhang X, Belton AS, Xian L, Huso T, Park JJ, Siems WF, Gang DR, Resar LMS, Reeves R, Hill HH. HMGA1 drives metabolic reprogramming of intestinal epithelium during hyperproliferation, polyposis, and colorectal carcinogenesis. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1420-31. [PMID: 25643065 DOI: 10.1021/pr501084s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), it remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Early identification and removal of polyps that may progress to overt CRC is the cornerstone of CRC prevention. Expression of the High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) gene is significantly elevated in CRCs as compared with adjacent, nonmalignant tissues. We investigated metabolic aberrations induced by HMGA1 overexpression in small intestinal and colonic epithelium using traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIMMS) in a transgenic model in which murine Hmga1 was misexpressed in colonic epithelium. To determine if these Hmga1-induced metabolic alterations in mice were relevant to human colorectal carcinogenesis, we also investigated tumors from patients with CRC and matched, adjacent, nonmalignant tissues. Multivariate statistical methods and manual comparisons were used to identify metabolites specific to Hmga1 and CRC. Statistical modeling of data revealed distinct metabolic patterns in Hmga1 transgenics and human CRC samples as compared with the control tissues. We discovered that 13 metabolites were specific for Hmga1 in murine intestinal epithelium and also found in human CRC. Several of these metabolites function in fatty acid metabolism and membrane composition. Although further validation is needed, our results suggest that high levels of HMGA1 protein drive metabolic alterations that contribute to CRC pathogenesis through fatty acid synthesis. These metabolites could serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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15
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Serban DE. Gastrointestinal cancers: influence of gut microbiota, probiotics and prebiotics. Cancer Lett 2014; 345:258-70. [PMID: 23981580 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract continue to represent a major health problem, despite progress in therapy. Gut microbiota is a key element related to the genesis of GI cancers, countless papers addressing this burning issue across the world. We provide an updated knowledge of the involvement of gut microbiota in GI tumorigenesis, including its underlying mechanisms. We present also a comprehensive review of the evidence from animal and clinical studies using probiotics and/or prebiotics in the prevention and/or therapy of GI tumours, of GI cancer therapy-related toxicity and of post-operative complications. We summarize the anticarcinogenic mechanisms of these biotherapeutics from in vitro, animal and clinical interventions. More research is required to reveal the interactions of microflora with genetic, epigenetic and immunologic factors, diet and age, before any firm conclusion be drawn. Well-designed, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled human studies using probiotics and/or prebiotics, with adequate follow-up are necessary in order to formulate directions for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Elena Serban
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Second Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Children's Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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16
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Bezabeh T, Ijare OB, Nikulin AE, Somorjai RL, Smith IC. MRS-based Metabolomics in Cancer Research. MAGNETIC RESONANCE INSIGHTS 2014; 7:1-14. [PMID: 25114549 PMCID: PMC4122556 DOI: 10.4137/mri.s13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a relatively new technique that is gaining importance very rapidly. MRS-based metabolomics, in particular, is becoming a useful tool in the study of body fluids, tissue biopsies and whole organisms. Advances in analytical techniques and data analysis methods have opened a new opportunity for such technology to contribute in the field of diagnostics. In the MRS approach to the diagnosis of disease, it is important that the analysis utilizes all the essential information in the spectra, is robust, and is non-subjective. Although some of the data analytic methods widely used in chemical and biological sciences are sketched, a more extensive discussion is given of a 5-stage Statistical Classification Strategy. This proposes powerful feature selection methods, based on, for example, genetic algorithms and novel projection techniques. The applications of MRS-based metabolomics in breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatobiliary cancers, gastric cancer, and brain cancer have been reviewed. While the majority of these applications relate to body fluids and tissue biopsies, some in vivo applications have also been included. It should be emphasized that the number of subjects studied must be sufficiently large to ensure a robust diagnostic classification. Before MRS-based metabolomics can become a widely used clinical tool, however, certain challenges need to be overcome. These include manufacturing user-friendly commercial instruments with all the essential features, and educating physicians and medical technologists in the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of metabolomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tedros Bezabeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ; Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ; Innovative Biodiagnostics Inc, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Omkar B Ijare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ; Innovative Biodiagnostics Inc, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | - Ian Cp Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ; Departments of Anatomy and Human Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ; Innovative Biodiagnostics Inc, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Deja S, Dawiskiba T, Balcerzak W, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Głód M, Pawełka D, Młynarz P. Follicular adenomas exhibit a unique metabolic profile. ¹H NMR studies of thyroid lesions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84637. [PMID: 24376829 PMCID: PMC3871661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. However, more than 90% of thyroid nodules are benign. It remains unclear whether thyroid carcinoma arises from preexisting benign nodules. Metabolomics can provide valuable and comprehensive information about low molecular weight compounds present in living systems and further our understanding of the biology regulating pathological processes. Herein, we applied ¹H NMR-based metabolic profiling to identify the metabolites present in aqueous tissue extracts of healthy thyroid tissue (H), non-neoplastic nodules (NN), follicular adenomas (FA) and malignant thyroid cancer (TC) as an alternative way of investigating cancer lesions. Multivariate statistical methods provided clear discrimination not only between healthy thyroid tissue and pathological thyroid tissue but also between different types of thyroid lesions. Potential biomarkers common to all thyroid lesions were identified, namely, alanine, methionine, acetone, glutamate, glycine, lactate, tyrosine, phenylalanine and hypoxanthine. Metabolic changes in thyroid cancer were mainly related to osmotic regulators (taurine and scyllo- and myo-inositol), citrate, and amino acids supplying the TCA cycle. Thyroid follicular adenomas were found to display metabolic features of benign non-neoplastic nodules and simultaneously displayed a partial metabolic profile associated with malignancy. This finding allows the discrimination of follicular adenomas from benign non-neoplastic nodules and thyroid cancer with similar accuracy. Moreover, the presented data indicate that follicular adenoma could be an individual stage of thyroid cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Dawiskiba
- Department of Vascular, General and Transplantation Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Waldemar Balcerzak
- First Department and Clinic of General, Gastroenterological and Endocrinological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Mateusz Głód
- First Department and Clinic of General, Gastroenterological and Endocrinological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Pawełka
- First Department and Clinic of General, Gastroenterological and Endocrinological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
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18
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Metabolomics of colorectal cancer: past and current analytical platforms. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:5013-30. [PMID: 23494270 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is coming of age as an important area of investigation which may help reveal answers to questions left unanswered or only partially understood from proteomic or genomic approaches. Increased knowledge of the relationship of genes and proteins to smaller biomolecules (metabolites) will advance our ability to diagnose, treat, and perhaps prevent cancer and other diseases that have eluded scientists for generations. Colorectal tumors are the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the USA, and the incidence is rising. Many patients present late, after the onset of symptoms, when the tumor has spread from the primary site. Once metastases have occurred, the prognosis is significantly worse. Understanding alterations in metabolic profiles that occur with tumor onset and progression could lead to better diagnostic tests as well as uncover new approaches to treat or even prevent colorectal cancer (CRC). In this review, we explore the various analytical technologies that have been applied in CRC metabolomics research and summarize all metabolites measured in CRC and integrate them into metabolic pathways. Early studies with nuclear magnetic resonance and gas-chromatographic mass spectrometry suggest that tumor cells are characterized by aerobic glycolysis, increased purine metabolism for DNA synthesis, and protein synthesis. Liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and ion mobility, each coupled with mass spectrometry, promise to advance the field and provide new insight into metabolic pathways used by cancer cells. Studies with improved technology are needed to identify better biomarkers and targets for treatment or prevention of CRC.
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Baker LCJ, Boult JKR, Walker-Samuel S, Chung YL, Jamin Y, Ashcroft M, Robinson SP. The HIF-pathway inhibitor NSC-134754 induces metabolic changes and anti-tumour activity while maintaining vascular function. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1638-47. [PMID: 22498643 PMCID: PMC3349173 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) mediates the transcriptional response to hypoxic stress, promoting tumour progression and survival. This study investigated the acute effects of the small-molecule HIF-pathway inhibitor NSC-134754. Methods: Human PC-3LN5 prostate cancer cells were treated with NSC-134754 for 24 h in hypoxia. Orthotopic prostate tumour-bearing mice were treated with a single dose of NSC-134754 for 6, 24 or 48 h. Treatment response was measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Ex-vivo histological validation of imaging findings was also sought. Results: In vitro, NSC-134754 significantly reduced lactate production and glucose uptake (P<0.05), while significantly increasing intracellular glucose (P<0.01) and glutamine uptake/metabolism (P<0.05). Increased glutamine metabolism was independent of c-Myc, a factor also downregulated by NSC-134754. In vivo, a significantly higher tumour apparent diffusion coefficient was determined 24 h post-treatment (P<0.05), with significantly higher tumour necrosis after 48 h (P<0.05). NSC-134754-treated tumours revealed lower expression of HIF-1α and glucose transporter-1, at 6 and 24 h respectively, while a transient increase in tumour hypoxia was observed after 24 h. Vessel perfusion/flow and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were unchanged with treatment. Conclusion: NSC-134754 induces metabolic alterations in vitro and early anti-tumour activity in vivo, independent of changes in vascular function. Our data support the further evaluation of NSC-134754 as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C J Baker
- Cancer Research UK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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20
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Chen W, Zhou X, Huang D, Chen F, Du X. Metabolic Profiling of Human Colorectal Cancer Using High Resolution 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Somashekar BS, Kamarajan P, Danciu T, Kapila YL, Chinnaiyan AM, Rajendiran TM, Ramamoorthy A. Magic angle spinning NMR-based metabolic profiling of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:5232-41. [PMID: 21961579 DOI: 10.1021/pr200800w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution magic-angle spinning (HR-MAS) proton NMR spectroscopy is used to explore the metabolic signatures of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) which included matched normal adjacent tissue (NAT) and tumor originating from tongue, lip, larynx and oral cavity, and associated lymph-node metastatic (LN-Met) tissues. A total of 43 tissues (18 NAT, 18 Tumor and 7 LN-Met) from 22 HNSCC patients were analyzed. Principal Component Analysis of NMR data showed a clear classification between NAT and tumor tissues, however, LN-Met tissues were classified among tumor. A partial least-squares discriminant analysis model generated from NMR metabolic profiles was used to differentiate normal from tumor samples (Q(2) > 0.80, Receiver Operator Characteristic area under the curve >0.86, using 7-fold cross validation). HNSCC and LN-Met tissues showed elevated levels of lactate, amino acids including leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, glutamine, glutamate, aspartate, glycine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, choline containing compounds, creatine, taurine, glutathione, and decreased levels of triglycerides. These elevated metabolites were associated with highly active glycolysis, increased amino acids influx (anaplerosis) into the TCA cycle, altered energy metabolism, membrane choline phospholipid metabolism, and oxidative and osmotic defense mechanisms. Moreover, decreased levels of triglycerides may indicate lipolysis followed by β-oxidation of fatty acids that may exist to deliver bioenergy for rapid tumor cell proliferation and growth.
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Azcárate-Peril MA, Sikes M, Bruno-Bárcena JM. The intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal environment and colorectal cancer: a putative role for probiotics in prevention of colorectal cancer? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G401-24. [PMID: 21700901 PMCID: PMC3774253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00110.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States, and, even though 5-15% of the total CRC cases can be attributed to individual genetic predisposition, environmental factors could be considered major factors in susceptibility to CRC. Lifestyle factors increasing the risks of CRC include elevated body mass index, obesity, and reduced physical activity. Additionally, a number of dietary elements have been associated with higher or lower incidence of CRC. In this context, it has been suggested that diets high in fruit and low in meat might have a protective effect, reducing the incidence of colorectal adenomas by modulating the composition of the normal nonpathogenic commensal microbiota. In addition, it has been demonstrated that changes in abundance of taxonomic groups have a profound impact on the gastrointestinal physiology, and an increasing number of studies are proposing that the microbiota mediates the generation of dietary factors triggering colon cancer. High-throughput sequencing and molecular taxonomic technologies are rapidly filling the knowledge gaps left by conventional microbiology techniques to obtain a comprehensive catalog of the human intestinal microbiota and their associated metabolic repertoire. The information provided by these studies will be essential to identify agents capable of modulating the massive amount of gut bacteria in safe noninvasive manners to prevent CRC. Probiotics, defined as "live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host" (219), are capable of transient modulation of the microbiota, and their beneficial effects include reinforcement of the natural defense mechanisms and protection against gastrointestinal disorders. Probiotics have been successfully used to manage infant diarrhea, food allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease; hence, the purpose of this review was to examine probiotic metabolic activities that may have an effect on the prevention of CRC by scavenging toxic compounds or preventing their generation in situ. Additionally, a brief consideration is given to safety evaluation and production methods in the context of probiotics efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Andrea Azcárate-Peril
- 1Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill;
| | - Michael Sikes
- 2Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - José M. Bruno-Bárcena
- 2Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Metabolomic Characterization of Ovarian Epithelial Carcinomas by HRMAS-NMR Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2011:174019. [PMID: 21577256 PMCID: PMC3090613 DOI: 10.1155/2011/174019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The objectives of the present study are to determine if a metabolomic study by HRMAS-NMR can (i) discriminate between different histological types of epithelial ovarian carcinomas and healthy ovarian tissue, (ii) generate statistical models capable of classifying borderline tumors and (iii) establish a potential relationship with patient's survival or response to chemotherapy. Methods. 36 human epithelial ovarian tumor biopsies and 3 healthy ovarian tissues were studied using (1)H HRMAS NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis. Results. The results presented in this study demonstrate that the three histological types of epithelial ovarian carcinomas present an effective metabolic pattern difference. Furthermore, a metabolic signature specific of serous (N-acetyl-aspartate) and mucinous (N-acetyl-lysine) carcinomas was found. The statistical models generated in this study are able to predict borderline tumors characterized by an intermediate metabolic pattern similar to the normal ovarian tissue. Finally and importantly, the statistical model of serous carcinomas provided good predictions of both patient's survival rates and the patient's response to chemotherapy. Conclusions. Despite the small number of samples used in this study, the results indicate that metabolomic analysis of intact tissues by HRMAS-NMR is a promising technique which might be applicable to the therapeutic management of patients.
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Bjerrum JT, Nielsen OH, Hao F, Tang H, Nicholson JK, Wang Y, Olsen J. Metabonomics in ulcerative colitis: diagnostics, biomarker identification, and insight into the pathophysiology. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:954-62. [PMID: 19860486 DOI: 10.1021/pr9008223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and appropriate multivariate statistical analyses have been employed on mucosal colonic biopsies, colonocytes, lymphocytes, and urine from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and controls in order to explore the diagnostic possibilities, define new potential biomarkers, and generate a better understanding of the pathophysiology. Samples were collected from patients with active UC (n = 41), quiescent UC (n = 33), and from controls (n = 25) and analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Data analysis was carried out by principal component analysis and orthogonal-projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis using the SIMCA P+11 software package (Umetrics, Umea, Sweden) and Matlab environment. Significant differences between controls and active UC were discovered in the metabolic profiles of biopsies and colonocytes. In the biopsies from patients with active UC higher levels of antioxidants and of a range of amino acids, but lower levels of lipid, glycerophosphocholine (GPC), myo-inositol, and betaine were found, whereas the colonocytes only displayed low levels of GPC, myo-inositol and choline. Interestingly, 20% of inactive UC patients had similar profiles to those who were in an active state. This study demonstrates the possibilities of metabonomics as a diagnostic tool in active and quiescent UC and provides new insight into pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Bjerrum
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Sharma U, Singh RR, Ahuja V, Makharia GK, Jagannathan NR. Similarity in the metabolic profile in macroscopically involved and un-involved colonic mucosa in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an in vitro proton ((1)H) MR spectroscopy study. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 28:1022-9. [PMID: 20418044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2010.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histological extent of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is greater than that evident by colonoscopic evaluation. We hypothesized that metabolic profile in macroscopically un-involved colonic mucosa in IBD is similar to that of controls with healthy colon. We thus assessed the differences in metabolic profile in macroscopically involved and un-involved colonic mucosa of IBD patients to further substantiate the extent of disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Colonic mucosal biopsies were obtained and snap frozen from both the macroscopically un-involved and involved colonic mucosa of IBD patients and macroscopically normal colonic mucosa of controls and were subjected to in-vitro high-resolution proton ((1)H) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and the concentrations of metabolites were determined. RESULTS Thirty-two metabolites were assigned in the proton MR spectrum of colonic mucosa of IBD patients. The concentrations of amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, arginine, lysine, glutamine/glutamate, alanine), membrane metabolites (choline, glycerophosphorylcholine/phosphorylcholine), glycolytic product (lactate) and short chain fatty acid (formate) were significantly lower while significantly high level of glucose were observed in the macroscopically un-involved colonic mucosa of IBD patients compared to the macroscopically normal mucosa of controls. There was no significant difference in the concentrations of metabolites in macroscopically involved and un-involved colonic mucosa of IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic profile in macroscopically un-involved colonic mucosa of IBD patients is similar to that of macroscopically involved mucosa but different from colonic mucosa of controls. This suggests that even macroscopically un-involved colonic mucosa is metabolically abnormal and may explain the increase in extent of disease with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Quintero M, Cabañas ME, Arús C. 13C-labelling studies indicate compartmentalized synthesis of triacylglycerols in C6 rat glioma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2010; 1801:693-701. [PMID: 20380892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NMR-visible mobile lipid (ML) signals have been detected in (1)H-NMR spectra of tissues in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro, and have been shown to change in apparent intensity in association with pathology (necrosis in brain tumours) and normal processes (cell differentiation, cell growth arrest and apoptosis). Although it is widely accepted that ML signals originate mainly from fatty-acyl chains in triacylglycerols (TAG) contained in cytosolic lipid droplets (LD), the dynamics of TAG in LD is not yet fully understood. In order to better understand the synthesis of cellular TAG and its relationship to ML dynamics we carried out a set of labelling experiments with C6 rat glioma cells in culture. TAG and phospholipid metabolism was monitored by incubating C6 cells with [1-(13)C]-glucose at two time points during cell growth curve -24 h incubation starting at log-phase; 48 h incubation starting at saturation density- and by acquiring the 2D-HMQC NMR spectra of the respective total lipid extracts. The resulting TAG, diacylglycerol (DAG) and phospholipid labelling patterns can only be explained if TAG synthesis takes place in two different subcellular compartments. One compartment would be the endoplasmic reticulum, which is known to be involved in TAG metabolism, while the other compartment could be the plasma membrane and/or the LD. This possible role of LD is further supported by the recent description of diacylglycerolacyltranferase-activity associated with LD. Accordingly, we postulate the existence of a carbon-shuttling mechanism between plasma membrane phospholipids and endoplasmic reticulum by way of LD content. The results we have obtained with C6 cells may also apply to other cellular systems and should be taken into account when interpreting ML dynamics detected by NMR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- MariaRosa Quintero
- GABRMN, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Rocha CM, Barros AS, Gil AM, Goodfellow BJ, Humpfer E, Spraul M, Carreira IM, Melo JB, Bernardo J, Gomes A, Sousa V, Carvalho L, Duarte IF. Metabolic profiling of human lung cancer tissue by 1H high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:319-32. [PMID: 19908917 DOI: 10.1021/pr9006574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work aims at characterizing the metabolic profile of human lung cancer, to gain new insights into tumor metabolism and to identify possible biomarkers with potential diagnostic value in the future. Paired samples of tumor and noninvolved adjacent tissues from 12 lung tumors have been directly analyzed by (1)H HRMAS NMR (500/600 MHz) enabling, for the first time to our knowledge, the identification of over 50 compounds. The effect of temperature on tissue stability during acquisition time has also been investigated, demonstrating that analysis should be performed within less than two hours at low temperature (277 K), to minimize glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and phosphocholine (PC) conversion to choline and reduce variations in some amino acids. The application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) to the standard 1D (1)H spectra resulted in good separation between tumor and control samples, showing that inherently different metabolic signatures characterize the two tissue types. On the basis of spectral integration measurements, lactate, PC, and GPC were found to be elevated in tumors, while glucose, myo-inositol, inosine/adenosine, and acetate were reduced. These results show the valuable potential of HRMAS NMR-metabonomics for investigating the metabolic phenotype of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia M Rocha
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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28
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Gowda GAN, Ijare OB, Shanaiah N, Bezabeh T. Combining nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in biomarker discovery. Biomark Med 2009; 3:307-22. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.09.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of biological specimens is emerging as a promising approach for discovering specific biomarkers in the diagnosis of a number of diseases. Amongst many analytical techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are the most information-rich tools that enable high-throughput and global analysis of hundreds of metabolites in a single step. Although only one of the two techniques is utilized in a majority of metabolomics applications, there is a growing interest in combining the data from the two methods to effectively unravel the mammoth complexity of biological samples. In this article, current developments in nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis methods are described. While some general applications that utilize the combination of the two analytical methods are presented briefly, the emphasis is laid on the recent applications of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry methods in the studies of hepatopancreatobiliary and gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- GA Nagana Gowda
- Analytical Division, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Omkar B Ijare
- NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Tedros Bezabeh
- NRC Institute for Biodiagnostics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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29
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Righi V, Durante C, Cocchi M, Calabrese C, Di Febo G, Lecce F, Pisi A, Tugnoli V, Mucci A, Schenetti L. Discrimination of Healthy and Neoplastic Human Colon Tissues by ex Vivo HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:1859-69. [DOI: 10.1021/pr801094b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Righi
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G. Moruzzi”, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento Emergenza/Urgenza, Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy, and DiSTA, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin
| | - Caterina Durante
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G. Moruzzi”, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento Emergenza/Urgenza, Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy, and DiSTA, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin
| | - Marina Cocchi
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G. Moruzzi”, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento Emergenza/Urgenza, Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy, and DiSTA, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin
| | - Carlo Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G. Moruzzi”, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento Emergenza/Urgenza, Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy, and DiSTA, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin
| | - Giulio Di Febo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G. Moruzzi”, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento Emergenza/Urgenza, Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy, and DiSTA, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin
| | - Ferdinando Lecce
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G. Moruzzi”, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento Emergenza/Urgenza, Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy, and DiSTA, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin
| | - Annamaria Pisi
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G. Moruzzi”, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento Emergenza/Urgenza, Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy, and DiSTA, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin
| | - Vitaliano Tugnoli
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G. Moruzzi”, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento Emergenza/Urgenza, Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy, and DiSTA, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin
| | - Adele Mucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G. Moruzzi”, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento Emergenza/Urgenza, Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy, and DiSTA, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin
| | - Luisa Schenetti
- Dipartimento di Biochimica “G. Moruzzi”, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento Emergenza/Urgenza, Chirurgia Generale e dei Trapianti, Università di Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy, and DiSTA, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin
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Liu X, Villalta PW, Sturla SJ. Simultaneous determination of inositol and inositol phosphates in complex biological matrices: quantitative ion-exchange chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:705-712. [PMID: 19191261 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
myo-Inositol (Ins) and myo-inositol phosphates (InsPs) are widely distributed in plants and animals. The evaluation of the distribution of Ins and InsPs in cells and plant sources can impact the understanding of their role in nutrition, cellular processes and diseases, and how they may be modulated by diet. We developed an anion-exchange chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) method for the separation and simultaneous quantitation of Ins and different naturally occurring phosphorylated inositol compounds. Chromatographic separation was achieved in 30 min on a commercial anion-exchange column (0.5 x 150 mm) using a gradient of 200 mM ammonium carbonate buffer (pH 9.0) and 5% methanol in H(2)O. Analytes were identified by selective reaction monitoring using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in negative ion electrospray ionization mode. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate was used as a general internal standard for quantitation. Detection is linear in the range of 0.25-400 pmol for Ins, InsP(1), InsP(4), and InsP(5), 40-400 pmol for InsP(2) and InsP(3), and 60-400 pmol for InsP(6), with a minimum r(2) > 0.994. The limit of detection is 0.25 pmol with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10:1 for all analytes. The intra-day and inter-day variations were within 17% at three concentration levels. Recovery values for the seven analytes spiked into extraction solution or different matrices were between 63 and 121%. Using this approach, Ins and InsPs were measured in three different plant samples and in cultured cells, illustrating significant differences in the distribution of inositol compounds in food samples compared to cells and between cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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31
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Systemic multicompartmental effects of the gut microbiome on mouse metabolic phenotypes. Mol Syst Biol 2008; 4:219. [PMID: 18854818 PMCID: PMC2583082 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2008.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the impact of gut microbiota on host metabolism, we investigated the multicompartmental metabolic profiles of a conventional mouse strain (C3H/HeJ) (n=5) and its germ-free (GF) equivalent (n=5). We confirm that the microbiome strongly impacts on the metabolism of bile acids through the enterohepatic cycle and gut metabolism (higher levels of phosphocholine and glycine in GF liver and marked higher levels of bile acids in three gut compartments). Furthermore we demonstrate that (1) well-defined metabolic differences exist in all examined compartments between the metabotypes of GF and conventional mice: bacterial co-metabolic products such as hippurate (urine) and 5-aminovalerate (colon epithelium) were found at reduced concentrations, whereas raffinose was only detected in GF colonic profiles. (2) The microbiome also influences kidney homeostasis with elevated levels of key cell volume regulators (betaine, choline, myo-inositol and so on) observed in GF kidneys. (3) Gut microbiota modulate metabotype expression at both local (gut) and global (biofluids, kidney, liver) system levels and hence influence the responses to a variety of dietary modulation and drug exposures relevant to personalized health-care investigations.
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32
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Balasubramanian K, Kumar S, Singh RR, Sharma U, Ahuja V, Makharia GK, Jagannathan NR. Metabolism of the colonic mucosa in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: an in vitro proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 27:79-86. [PMID: 18599242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2008.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; n=31) and Crohn's disease (CD; n=26) and normal mucosa (control, n=26) was investigated using in vitro high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Of the 31 UC patients, 20 were in the active phase and 11 were in the remission phase of the disease. Out of 26 CD patients, 20 were in the active phase, while 6 were in the remission phase of the disease. Twenty-nine metabolites were assigned unambiguously in the perchloric acid extract of colonic mucosa. In the active phase of UC and CD, significantly lower (P<or=.05) concentration of amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, glutamate and glutamine), membrane components (choline, glycerophosphorylcholine and myo-inositol), lactate and succinate were observed compared to normal mucosa of controls. Patients in the active phase of UC and CD also showed increased level of alpha-glucose compared to normal mucosa. Altered level of metabolites indicates decreased protein and carbohydrate metabolism, thereby decreased energy status and deterioration of mucosa integrity during chronic inflammation. In the remission phase of UC and CD, the concentration of most of the metabolites was similar to controls except for lower values of lactate, glycerophosphorylcholine and myo-inositol in UC and Lac in CD. Formate was significantly lower in patients with the active phase of UC compared to patients with the active phase of CD, suggesting the potential of in vitro MRS in the differentiation of these two diseases.
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33
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Seierstad T, Røe K, Sitter B, Halgunset J, Flatmark K, Ree AH, Olsen DR, Gribbestad IS, Bathen TF. Principal component analysis for the comparison of metabolic profiles from human rectal cancer biopsies and colorectal xenografts using high-resolution magic angle spinning 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mol Cancer 2008; 7:33. [PMID: 18439252 PMCID: PMC2377266 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted in order to elucidate metabolic differences between human rectal cancer biopsies and colorectal HT29, HCT116 and SW620 xenografts by using high-resolution magnetic angle spinning (MAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and for determination of the most appropriate human rectal xenograft model for preclinical MR spectroscopy studies. A further aim was to investigate metabolic changes following irradiation of HT29 xenografts. Methods HR MAS MRS of tissue samples from xenografts and rectal biopsies were obtained with a Bruker Avance DRX600 spectrometer and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regression analysis. Results and conclusion HR MAS MRS enabled assignment of 27 metabolites. Score plots from PCA of spin-echo and single-pulse spectra revealed separate clusters of the different xenografts and rectal biopsies, reflecting underlying differences in metabolite composition. The loading profile indicated that clustering was mainly based on differences in relative amounts of lipids, lactate and choline-containing compounds, with HT29 exhibiting the metabolic profile most similar to human rectal cancers tissue. Due to high necrotic fractions in the HT29 xenografts, radiation-induced changes were not detected when comparing spectra from untreated and irradiated HT29 xenografts. However, PLS calibration relating spectral data to the necrotic fraction revealed a significant correlation, indicating that necrotic fraction can be assessed from the MR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Seierstad
- Department of Medical Physics, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, 0310 Oslo, Norway.
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Srivastava NK, Pradhan S, Mittal B, Kumar R, Pandey CM, Gowda GAN. Novel corrective equations for complete estimation of human tissue lipids after their partial destruction by perchloric acid pre-treatment: high-resolution (1)H-NMR-based study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2008; 21:89-100. [PMID: 17492660 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the small quantity of tissue available in human biopsy specimens, aqueous and lipid components often have to be determined in the same tissue sample. Perchloric acid (PCA) used for the extraction of aqueous metabolites has a deleterious effect on lipid components; the severity of the damage is not known. In this study, human muscle tissue was first treated with PCA to extract aqueous metabolites, and the residue was then used for lipid extraction by conventional methods, i.e. the methods of Folch and Bligh & Dyer and a standardised one using methanol/chloroform (1:3, v/v) used in our laboratory. A (1)H-NMR spectrum was obtained for each lipid extract. Lipid was quantified by measuring the integral area of N(+)-(CH(3))(3) signals of phospholipids (PLs). Triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) were quantified using the -CH(2)- signals of glycerol and the C18 methyl signal, respectively. This study shows that prior use of PCA caused marked attenuation of TG, PL, and CHOL. This was confirmed by recovery experiments and observation of the direct effect of PCA on the standard lipid components. On the basis of the quantity of lipid lost in each case, three novel equations (with respect to TG, PL, and CHOL) were derived. Application of these equations to lipid quantities estimated in different pathological tissues after PCA pre-treatment produced values equivalent to those estimated without PCA use. This study conclusively shows that PCA pre-treatment damages all three lipid moieties, TG, PL, and CHOL. When PCA is used in a fixed ratio to the tissue, the lipid damage is also proportional and correctable by statistically derived equations. These equations will be useful in human biopsy specimens where aqueous and lipid components have to be studied using the same tissue sample because of the small quantity available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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35
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Rosi A, Grande S, Luciani AM, Palma A, Giovannini C, Guidoni L, Sapora O, Viti V. Role of glutathione in apoptosis induced by radiation as determined by 1H MR spectra of cultured tumor cells. Radiat Res 2007; 167:268-82. [PMID: 17316070 DOI: 10.1667/rr0578.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between apoptosis induced by gamma radiation and glutathione in cells of two human cancer cell lines, HeLa from cervix carcinoma and MCF-7 from mammary carcinoma, was examined. MCF-7 cells appeared to be more radioresistant than HeLa cells, and radiation-induced apoptosis, which was monitored by assessing phosphatidylserine externalization, was observed in HeLa cells but not in MCF-7 cells. Glutathione levels monitored by (1)H MRS were higher in MCF-7 cells than in HeLa cells, while the opposite was true for the free glu signals. MCF-7 cells became more radiosensitive when treated with 0.1 mM buthionine sulfoximine, which inhibits GSH synthesis through inactivation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, with the concomitant appearance of radiation-induced apoptosis. We can thus reasonably associate, at least in part, the resistance of MCF-7 cells to apoptosis with a high level of glutathione and probably with a high activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. A late decrease in glutathione concentration after irradiation was observed in MCF-7 cells, but not in HeLa cells and to a lesser degree in buthionine sulfoximine-treated MCF-7 cells. This would indicate that the radiation-induced decrease in glutathione concentration is not related to the onset of apoptosis, but it is more likely related to glutathione consumption as a result of detoxification reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosi
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute and INFN Gruppo Collegato Sanita', Roma, Italy
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36
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Grande S, Luciani AM, Rosi A, Palma A, Giovannini C, Sapora O, Guidoni L, Viti V. Metabolism of glutathione in tumour cells as evidenced by 1H MRS. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:637-43. [PMID: 17257597 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
1H MRS signals of glutathione and of free glutamate were examined in samples from cultured tumour cells, namely MCF-7 from mammary carcinoma and TG98 from malignant glioma, with the aim of relating signal intensities to aspects of GSH metabolism. Spectra of cells harvested at different cell densities suggest that GSH and glu signal intensities are related to cell density and proliferation and their ratio is dependent on the activity of the gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase. The hypothesis is confirmed by experiments performed on cells treated with buthionine sulfoximine that inhibits the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grande
- Dipartimento Tecnologie e Salute and INFN Gruppo Collegato Sanita', Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
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Jordan BF, Black K, Robey IF, Runquist M, Powis G, Gillies RJ. Metabolite changes in HT-29 xenograft tumors following HIF-1alpha inhibition with PX-478 as studied by MR spectroscopy in vivo and ex vivo. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2005; 18:430-9. [PMID: 16206237 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1alpha) plays a central role in tumor development. PX-478 is an experimental anti-cancer drug known to inhibit HIF-1alpha in experimental tumors. The purpose of this study was to identify MRS-visible metabolic biomarkers for PX-478 response prior to phase I/II clinical trials. Single-voxel in vivo localized (1)H spectra were obtained from HT-29 tumor xenografts prior and up to 24 h after treatment with a single dose of PX-478. Profiles of water-soluble and lipophilic metabolites were also examined ex vivo with both (1)H and (31)P spectroscopy for peak identification and to interrogate the underlying biochemistry of the response. The total choline (tCho) resonance was significantly decreased in vivo 12 and 24 h following treatment with PX-478 and this was confirmed with high-resolution (1)H and (31)P MRS. In non-aqueous extracts, significant reductions in cardiolipin, PtdEtn (phosphatidylethanolamine) and PtdI (phosphatidylinositol) were seen in response to PX-478. Although there were trends to a decrease in lactate (and lipid) resonances in vivo and ex vivo, these changes were not significant. This is in contrast to inhibition of in vitro glucose consumption and lactate production by PX-478 in HT-29 cells. The significant and robust change in tCho has identified this as a potential (1)H MRS-visible biomarker for drug response in vivo while high-resolution spectroscopy indicated that GPC, PC, myoI, PE, GPE, CL, PtdEtn and PtdI are potential ex vivo response biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte F Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Méric P, Autret G, Doan BT, Gillet B, Sébrié C, Beloeil JC. In vivo 2D magnetic resonance spectroscopy of small animals. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2004; 17:317-38. [PMID: 15625585 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-004-0084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Localized in vivo NMR spectroscopy, chemical shift imaging or multi-voxel spectroscopy are potentially useful tools in small animals that are complementary to MRI, adding biochemical information to the mainly anatomical data provided by imaging of water protons. However the contribution of such methods remains hampered by the low spectral resolution of the in vivo 1D spectra. Two-dimensional methods widely developed for in vitro studies have been proposed as suitable approaches to overcome these limitations in resolution. The different homonuclear and heteronuclear sequences adapted to in vivo studies are reviewed. Their specific contributions to the spectral resolution of spectroscopic data and their limitations for in vivo investigations are discussed. The applications to experimental models of pathological processes or pharmacological treatment in mainly brain and muscle are presented. According to their combined sensitivity, acquisition duration and spatial resolution, the heteronuclear 2D experiments, which are mainly used for 1H detected-13C spectroscopy after administration of 13C-labeled compounds, appear to be less efficient than 1H detected-13C 1D methods at high field. However, the applications of 2D proton homonuclear methods show that they remain the best tools for in vivo studies when an improved resolution is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Méric
- Laboratoire de RMN Biologique, ICSN-CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Moreno-Torres A, Martínez-Pérez I, Baquero M, Campistol J, Capdevila A, Arús C, Pujol J. Taurine Detection by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Medulloblastoma: Contribution to Noninvasive Differential Diagnosis with Cerebellar Astrocytoma. Neurosurgery 2004; 55:824-9; discussion 829. [PMID: 15458590 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000137655.53303.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2003] [Accepted: 05/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
We sought to evaluate whether taurine detection in short-echo (20 ms) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy contributes to the noninvasive differential diagnosis between medulloblastoma and cerebellar astrocytoma in children and young adults. These two types of tumor have very different prognoses and may be difficult to differentiate by neuroradiological or clinical means.
METHODS:
Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectra of tumors were acquired at 1.5 T in 14 patients with biopsy-proven primary cerebellar tumors (six medulloblastomas, seven astrocytomas, and one mixed astroependymoma) using short-echo time (20 ms) and long-echo time (135 ms). For taurine assignment, qualitative analysis was performed on short-echo time spectra and results were compared in vitro with spectra of model solutions. Perchloric acid extracts of postsurgical tumor biopsies were performed in two medulloblastoma cases.
RESULTS:
Taurine detection was demonstrated in all patients with medulloblastoma and in none of those with astrocytoma. We were unable to ascertain any relationship between taurine and metastatic spread within the medulloblastoma group.
CONCLUSION:
Medulloblastomas characteristically seem to show taurine detectable in vivo by short-echo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which may help to discriminate medulloblastoma from cerebellar astrocytoma.
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41
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Lee H, Holburn GH, Price RR. Proton MR spectroscopic studies of chronic alcohol exposure on the rat brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 18:147-51. [PMID: 12884325 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.10335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To better understand the long-term pathophysiologic mechanisms of alcoholism-related organic brain damage by serially assessing brain metabolites in chronically exposed rats using both in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) from brain extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The alcoholic regimen was continued up to 60 weeks. In vivo proton MRS studies were performed at 200 MHz using a small animal imaging/spectrometer. In vitro rat brain extracts were also examined using a 500 MHz vertical bore magnet. Comparison measurements were also obtained in an age-matched control group. RESULTS In vivo results showed that there is a significant increase in the Cho/NAA ratio in the chronic alcohol-exposed group that reached a maximum around 16 weeks. After 44 weeks of alcohol exposure, Cho/NAA in the alcohol group decreased significantly from its maximum value to a value that was significantly lower than those from the control groups. Brain extract studies demonstrated that PC and GPC were the main components responsible for the observed in vivo spectral changes after 16 and 60 weeks of alcohol consumption, respectively. CONCLUSION The fluctuation of choline-containing metabolites during alcohol intoxication could explain sometimes seemingly conflicting and confusing results from MRS studies in human and animal studies in which the duration of alcohol consumption and amount are varied widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haakil Lee
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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42
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Sitter B, Sonnewald U, Spraul M, Fjösne HE, Gribbestad IS. High-resolution magic angle spinning MRS of breast cancer tissue. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2002; 15:327-337. [PMID: 12203224 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution magic angle spinning (HR MAS) may develop into a new diagnostic tool for studying intact tissue samples, and several types of cancer have been investigated with promising results. In this study HR MAS spectra of breast cancer tissue from 10 patients have been compared to conventional high-resolution spectra of perchloric acid extracts of the same tissue type. The HR MAS spectra show resolution comparable to spectra of extracts, and two-dimensional techniques lead to identification of a majority of the constituents. More than 30 different metabolites have been detected and assigned. To our knowledge this is the most detailed assignment of biochemical components in intact human breast tissue. The spectra of intact breast cancer tissue differ from perchloric acid extracts by the presence of lipids and fewer signals in the low field region. HR MAS analysis of intact breast tissue specimens is a rapid method, providing spectra with resolution where relative quantification of the majority of the detected metabolites is possible.
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43
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Henderson TJ. Quantitative NMR spectroscopy using coaxial inserts containing a reference standard: purity determinations for military nerve agents. Anal Chem 2002; 74:191-8. [PMID: 11795792 DOI: 10.1021/ac010809+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel 31P NMR method for the determination of purity for the military nerve agents sarin, soman, and VX has been developed. In contrast to more conventional quantitative NMR methods, stem coaxial inserts are placed into the sample tube to introduce reference material into the analysis without mixing or reaction with the analyte. All sample preparation is eliminated, and the analysis is completed expeditiously in less than 25 min. The method is highly specific and rugged with respect to operator-induced variability, experimental parameters, and all influences from nuclear magnetic relaxation. Nerve agent purity can be determined with a precision and accuracy typically better than 1%, and impurities can be detected at concentrations as low as 25 microg/mL. The limit of quantitation has been estimated at 85 microg/mL. In terms of precision, accuracy and execution time, the method rivals typical chromatographic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Henderson
- Edgewood Chemical-Biological Forensic Analytical Center, Battelle Memorial Institute Edgewood Operations, Bel Air, Maryland 21015, USA.
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44
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Moreno A, Blüml S, Hwang JH, Ross BD. Alternative 1-(13)C glucose infusion protocols for clinical (13)C MRS examinations of the brain. Magn Reson Med 2001; 46:39-48. [PMID: 11443709 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Clinical utility of (13)C MRS is limited by cost and long examination times. Three 1-(13)C glucose infusion protocols-a high-dose i.v., low-dose i.v., and oral administration of 1-(13)C glucose-were compared on a GE 1.5T MR scanner. Resolution and sensitivity were sufficient to identify (13)C glucose (1alpha and 1beta), glutamate (C1-C4), glutamine (C1-C4), aspartate (C2 and C3), lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate in brain spectra. The three protocols were efficacious, as measured by cerebral enrichment of 1-(13)C glucose (62%, 42%, and 38%) and its principal metabolite, 4-(13)C glutamate (13%, 11%, and 16%), respectively. Intravenous infusion of 1-(13)C glucose 0.23 g/kg body weight (low dose) provides equivalent information at one third the cost of previous regimes. Magn Reson Med 46:39-48, 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moreno
- Clinical Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Unit, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 660 S. Fair Oaks Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA
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45
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Abstract
Thiamine deficiency (TD) in rats produces lesions similar to those found in humans with Wernicke's encephalopathy, an organic mental disorder associated with alcoholism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were deprived of thiamine in a regimen of thiamine-deficient chow and daily intraperitoneal injections of the thiamine antagonist pyrithiamine hydrobromide for 12 days (0.5 mg/kg). In rats with TD, significant changes were observed in the choline peak (reduction and dose-dependent recovery after thiamine replenishment), which was confirmed by the extraction study. Changes were mainly due to the reduction in glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), suggesting that a reduction in GPC may be relevant to the primary biochemical lesion in TD. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that a decrease in choline compounds is the cause of the biochemical abnormalities that precede neuroanatomic damage characteristic of Wernicke's encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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46
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Bubb WA, Wright LC, Cagney M, Santangelo RT, Sorrell TC, Kuchel PW. Heteronuclear NMR studies of metabolites produced by Cryptococcus neoformans in culture media: identification of possible virulence factors. Magn Reson Med 1999; 42:442-53. [PMID: 10467288 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199909)42:3<442::aid-mrm6>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality experienced by the immunosuppressed population. With a view to providing better treatment, identification of cryptococcal virulence factors is an important goal, with most effort to date directed toward the significance of structural variations in the polysaccharide capsule. The present work describes the characterization of supernatants obtained from cryptococcal cultures. This was achieved by thorough identification of the spin systems of individual metabolites through both homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR experiments that circumvented the difficulties imposed by limited dispersion and a range of concentrations in different cultures covering more than 3 orders of magnitude. More than 30 metabolites, including amino acids, alditols, nucleosides, acetate, and ethanol, were identified by their (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts and observed long-range correlations. The possible contribution of some detected substances to the pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans is discussed. Magn Reson Med 42:442-453, 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Bubb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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47
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Trabesinger AH, Weber OM, Duc CO, Boesiger P. Detection of glutathione in the human brain in vivo by means of double quantum coherence filtering. Magn Reson Med 1999; 42:283-9. [PMID: 10440953 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199908)42:2<283::aid-mrm10>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of selective in vivo detection of glutathione (L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) in the human brain by means of (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 1.5 T is demonstrated. A double quantum coherence (DQC) filtering sequence was used in combination with PRESS volume selection. The strongly coupled cysteinyl CH(2) compound of GSH was found to be the most suitable target for spectral editing. Analytical calculations employing a product operator description of the cysteinyl ABX three-spin system were made in order to optimize the inherent yield of the sequence. A pulse phase calibration procedure, which precedes the spectrum acquisition, secures maximal signal yield independently of the spatial localization of the volume of interest and thus comparability between individual examinations. In vitro tests show that the DQC filtering method provides good discrimination between the GSH signal at 2.9 ppm and the interfering resonances of creatine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and aspartate. In measurements in the frontal lobe of 12 healthy volunteers a mean ratio of GSH signal to tissue water signal of 5.7 +/- 2.3 x 10(-5) was found, corresponding to a mean GSH tissue concentration of 2-5 mmol/L. The proposed technique allows for the detection of a biologically highly relevant metabolite at moderate field strength. Magn Reson Med 42:283-289, 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Trabesinger
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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48
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Carvalho RA, Jeffrey FM, Sherry AD, Malloy CR. C isotopomer analysis of glutamate by heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence-total correlation spectroscopy (HMQC-TOCSY). FEBS Lett 1998; 440:382-6. [PMID: 9872407 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
13C has become an important tracer isotope for studies of intermediary metabolism. Information about relative flux through pathways is encoded by the distribution of 13C isotopomers in an intermediate pool such as glutamate. This information is commonly decoded either by mass spectrometry or by measuring relative multiplet areas in a 13C NMR spectrum. We demonstrate here that groups of glutamate 13C isotopomers may be quantified by indirect detection of protons in a 2D HMQC-TOCSY NMR spectrum and that fitting of these data to a metabolic model provides an identical measure of the 13C fractional enrichment of acetyl-CoA and relative anaplerotic flux to that given by direct 13C NMR analysis. The sensitivity gain provided by HMQC-TOCSY spectroscopy will allow an extension of 13C isotopomer analysis to tissue samples not amenable to direct 13C detection (approximately 10 mg soleus muscle) and to tissue metabolites other than glutamate that are typically present at lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Center of Neurosciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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49
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Maniara G, Rajamoorthi K, Rajan S, Stockton GW. Method Performance and Validation for Quantitative Analysis by 1H and 31P NMR Spectroscopy. Applications to Analytical Standards and Agricultural Chemicals. Anal Chem 1998; 70:4921-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac980573i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Maniara
- Agricultural Products Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, P.O. Box 400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543-0400
| | - Kannan Rajamoorthi
- Agricultural Products Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, P.O. Box 400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543-0400
| | - Srinivasan Rajan
- Agricultural Products Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, P.O. Box 400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543-0400
| | - Gerald W. Stockton
- Agricultural Products Research Division, American Cyanamid Company, P.O. Box 400, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543-0400
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50
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McIntosh LM, Garrett KL, Megeney L, Rudnicki MA, Anderson JE. Regeneration and myogenic cell proliferation correlate with taurine levels in dystrophin- and MyoD-deficient muscles. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1998; 252:311-24. [PMID: 9776086 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199810)252:2<311::aid-ar17>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study coupled proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and in situ hybridization plus autoradiography in a novel examination of different phenotypes of adult myogenesis that arise from genetic disruptions in mice. Study of muscle extracts from normal and dystrophin-deficient mdx limb and diaphragm muscles confirmed our previous findings linking taurine and muscle regeneration at the peak of damage and repair. 1H-NMR distinguished biochemical differences in regenerating muscles that were consistent with the extent of repair in three strains: mdx dystrophic mice; MyoD(-/-) mice that lack expression of the early myogenic regulatory gene MyoD; and a double-mutant mdx:MyoD(-/-) strain lacking expression of both MyoD and dystrophin. We tested the hypothesis that differences in spectra according to genotype and the regeneration phenotype are related specifically to proliferation by committed myogenic precursor cells. 1H-NMR distinguished the three mutant strains: Taurine was highest in mdx muscles, with the phenotype of most effective regeneration; lowest in MyoD(-/-) muscles, with the least effective formation of new muscle in repair, as reported previously; and intermediate in double-mutant muscles, now reported to show an intermediate repair phenotype. The early and late muscle precursors (mpcs) expressing myf5 and myogenin were examined for proliferation. Eighteen percent of mdx myf5-positive mpcs were proliferative, whereas myf5-positive mpcs did not proliferate in regenerating muscles that lacked MyoD expression. By contrast, whereas 30% of myogenin-positive mpcs were proliferative in mdx muscles, almost none were proliferative in MyoD(-/-) muscles, and 12% were proliferative in double-mutant muscles. Therefore, the extent of accumulated structural regeneration, taurine levels, and proliferation of late mpc (expressing myogenin) were congruent across genotypes. Proliferation by early mpc (expressing myf5) was inhibited by the lack of MyoD expression during muscle regeneration. These studies indicate the potential for 1H-NMR monitoring of muscle status in disease, regeneration, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M McIntosh
- Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba
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