1
|
Agnishwaran B, Manivasagam G, Udduttula A. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Shaping the Future of Early-Stage Bone Loss Detection-A Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8730-8742. [PMID: 38434830 PMCID: PMC10905706 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the deterioration of bone mineral density (BMD) because of an imbalance between bone resorption and formation, which might happen due to lots of factors like age, hormonal imbalance, and several others. While this occurrence is prevalent in both genders, it is more common in women, especially postmenopausal women. It is an asymptomatic disease that is underlying until the first incidence of a fracture. The bone is weakened, making it more susceptible to fracture. Even a low trauma can result in a fracture, making osteoporosis an even more alarming disease. These fractures can sometimes be fatal or can make the patient bedridden. Osteoporosis is an understudied disease, and there are certain limitations in diagnosing and early-stage detection of this condition. The standard method of dual X-ray absorptiometry can be used to some extent and can be detected in standard radiographs after the deterioration of a significant amount of bone mass. Clinically assessing osteoporosis using biomarkers can still be challenging, as clinical tests can be expensive and cannot be accessed by most of the general population. In addition, manufacturing antibodies specific to these biomarkers can be a challenging, time-consuming, and expensive method. As an alternative to these antibodies, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be used in the detection of these biomarkers. This Review provides a comprehensive exploration of bone formation, resorption, and remodeling processes, linking them to the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. It details biomarker-based detection and diagnosis methods, with a focus on MIPs for sensing CTX-1, NTX-1, and other biomarkers. The discussion compares traditional clinical practices with MIP-based sensors, revealing comparable sensitivity with identified limitations. Additionally, the Review contrasts antibody-functionalized sensors with MIPs. Finally, our Review concludes by highlighting the potential of MIPs in future early-stage osteoporosis detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bala Agnishwaran
- Centre
for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- School
of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore
Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore-632014, Tamil
Nadu, India
| | - Geetha Manivasagam
- Centre
for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anjaneyulu Udduttula
- Centre
for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tao H, Li X, Wang Q, Yu L, Yang P, Chen W, Yang X, Zhou J, Geng D. Redox signaling and antioxidant defense in osteoclasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:403-414. [PMID: 38171408 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is essential for the repair and replacement of damaged or aging bones. Continuous remodeling is necessary to prevent the accumulation of bone damage and to maintain bone strength and calcium balance. As bones age, the coupling mechanism between bone formation and absorption becomes dysregulated, and bone loss becomes dominant. Bone development and repair rely on interaction and communication between osteoclasts and surrounding cells. Osteoclasts are specialized cells that are accountable for bone resorption and degradation, and any abnormalities in their activity can result in notable alterations in bone structure and worsen disease symptoms. Recent findings from transgenic mouse models and bone analysis have greatly enhanced our understanding of the origin, differentiation pathway, and activation stages of osteoclasts. In this review, we explore osteoclasts and discuss the cellular and molecular events that drive their generation, focusing on intracellular oxidative and antioxidant signaling. This knowledge can help develop targeted therapies for diseases associated with osteoclast activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiufei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenlong Chen
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, 242, Guangji Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, 242, Guangji Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hosseini-Fard SR, Etemad-Moghadam S, Alaeddini M, Dehpour AR, Emamgholipour S, Golestani A. Exploring the impact of naltrexone on the THBS1/eNOS/NO pathway in osteoporotic bile duct-ligated rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:48. [PMID: 38167957 PMCID: PMC10761994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic osteodystrophy, a prevalent manifestation of metabolic bone disease, can arise in the context of chronic liver disease. The THBS1-eNOS-NO signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the maturation of osteoclast precursors. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Naltrexone (NTX) on bone loss by examining the THBS1-eNOS-NO signaling pathways in bile duct ligated (BDL) rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10 per group): control, sham-operated + normal saline, BDL + normal saline, sham-operated + NTX (10 mg/kg), and BDL + NTX. Parameters related to liver injury were measured at the study's conclusion, and Masson-trichrome staining was employed to evaluate collagen deposition in liver tissue. Bone THBS-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression levels were measured using real-time PCR, while the level of bone nitric oxide (NO) was assessed through a colorimetric assay. NTX treatment significantly attenuated the BDL-induced increase in circulating levels of liver enzymes and bilirubin. THBS-1 expression levels, elevated after BDL, were significantly suppressed following NTX administration in the BDL + NTX group. Despite no alterations in eNOS expression between groups, the bone NO level, significantly decreased in the BDL group, was significantly reduced by NTX in the BDL + NTX group. This study partly provides insights into the possible molecular mechanisms in BDL-induced osteoporosis and highlights the modulating effect of NTX on these pathways. Further research is needed to establish the impact of NTX on histomorphometric indexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Alaeddini
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang L, Guan Q, Wang Z, Feng J, Zou J, Gao B. Consequences of Aging on Bone. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1115. [PMID: 38029404 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the global population, the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases has been increasing, seriously affecting people's health. As people age, the microenvironment within skeleton favors bone resorption and inhibits bone formation, accompanied by bone marrow fat accumulation and multiple cellular senescence. Specifically, skeletal stem/stromal cells (SSCs) during aging tend to undergo adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis. Meanwhile, osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes, showed increased apoptosis, decreased quantity, and multiple functional limitations including impaired mechanical sensing, intercellular modulation, and exosome secretion. Also, the bone resorption function of macrophage-lineage cells (including osteoclasts and preosteoclasts) was significantly enhanced, as well as impaired vascularization and innervation. In this study, we systematically reviewed the effect of aging on bone and the within microenvironment (including skeletal cells as well as their intracellular structure variations, vascular structures, innervation, marrow fat distribution, and lymphatic system) caused by aging, and mechanisms of osteoimmune regulation of the bone environment in the aging state, and the causal relationship with multiple musculoskeletal diseases in addition with their potential therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Guan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Babu B, Pawar S, Mittal A, Kolanthai E, Neal CJ, Coathup M, Seal S. Nanotechnology enabled radioprotectants to reduce space radiation-induced reactive oxidative species. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1896. [PMID: 37190884 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest in space exploration has seen substantial growth following recent launch and operation of modern space technologies. In particular, the possibility of travel beyond low earth orbit is seeing sustained support. However, future deep space travel requires addressing health concerns for crews under continuous, longer-term exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Among these challenges, radiation-induced health issues are a major concern. Their potential to induce chronic illness is further potentiated by the microgravity environment. While investigations into the physiological effects of space radiation are still under investigation, studies on model ionizing radiation conditions, in earth and micro-gravity conditions, can provide needed insight into relevant processes. Substantial formation of high, sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution during radiation exposure is a clear threat to physiological health of space travelers, producing indirect damage to various cell structures and requiring therapeutic address. Radioprotection toward the skeletal system components is essential to astronaut health, due to the high radio-absorption cross-section of bone mineral and local hematopoiesis. Nanotechnology can potentially function as radioprotectant and radiomitigating agents toward ROS and direct radiation damage. Nanoparticle compositions such as gold, silver, platinum, carbon-based materials, silica, transition metal dichalcogenides, and ceria have all shown potential as viable radioprotectants to mitigate space radiation effects with nanoceria further showing the ability to protect genetic material from oxidative damage in several studies. As research into space radiation-induced health problems develops, this review intends to provide insights into the nanomaterial design to ameliorate pathological effects from ionizing radiation exposure. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaashwin Babu
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Shreya Pawar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Agastya Mittal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Craig J Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- College of Medicine, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xing Y, Qiu L, Liu D, Dai S, Sheu CL. The role of smart polymeric biomaterials in bone regeneration: a review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1240861. [PMID: 37662432 PMCID: PMC10469876 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1240861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Addressing critical bone defects necessitates innovative solutions beyond traditional methods, which are constrained by issues such as immune rejection and donor scarcity. Smart polymeric biomaterials that respond to external stimuli have emerged as a promising alternative, fostering endogenous bone regeneration. Light-responsive polymers, employed in 3D-printed scaffolds and photothermal therapies, enhance antibacterial efficiency and bone repair. Thermo-responsive biomaterials show promise in controlled bioactive agent release, stimulating osteocyte differentiation and bone regeneration. Further, the integration of conductive elements into polymers improves electrical signal transmission, influencing cellular behavior positively. Innovations include advanced 3D-printed poly (l-lactic acid) scaffolds, polyurethane foam scaffolds promoting cell differentiation, and responsive polymeric biomaterials for osteogenic and antibacterial drug delivery. Other developments focus on enzyme-responsive and redox-responsive polymers, which offer potential for bone regeneration and combat infection. Biomaterials responsive to mechanical, magnetic, and acoustic stimuli also show potential in bone regeneration, including mechanically-responsive polymers, magnetic-responsive biomaterials with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, and acoustic-responsive biomaterials. In conclusion, smart biopolymers are reshaping scaffold design and bone regeneration strategies. However, understanding their advantages and limitations is vital, indicating the need for continued exploratory research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chia-Lin Sheu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Indrawinata K, Argiropoulos P, Sugita S. Structural and functional understanding of disease-associated mutations in V-ATPase subunit a1 and other isoforms. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1135015. [PMID: 37465367 PMCID: PMC10352029 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1135015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) is a multisubunit protein composed of the cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis catalyzing V1 complex, and the integral membrane complex, Vo, responsible for proton translocation. The largest subunit of the Vo complex, subunit a, enables proton translocation upon ATP hydrolysis, mediated by the cytosolic V1 complex. Four known subunit a isoforms (a1-a4) are expressed in different cellular locations. Subunit a1 (also known as Voa1), the neural isoform, is strongly expressed in neurons and is encoded by the ATP6V0A1 gene. Global knockout of this gene in mice causes embryonic lethality, whereas pyramidal neuron-specific knockout resulted in neuronal cell death with impaired spatial and learning memory. Recently reported, de novo and biallelic mutations of the human ATP6V0A1 impair autophagic and lysosomal activities, contributing to neuronal cell death in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) and early onset progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME). The de novo heterozygous R740Q mutation is the most recurrent variant reported in cases of DEE. Homology studies suggest R740 deprotonates protons from specific glutamic acid residues in subunit c, highlighting its importance to the overall V-ATPase function. In this paper, we discuss the structure and mechanism of the V-ATPase, emphasizing how mutations in subunit a1 can lead to lysosomal and autophagic dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders, and how mutations to the non-neural isoforms, a2-a4, can also lead to various genetic diseases. Given the growing discovery of disease-causing variants of V-ATPase subunit a and its function as a pump-based regulator of intracellular organelle pH, this multiprotein complex warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Indrawinata
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Argiropoulos
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shuzo Sugita
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anwar A, Sapra L, Gupta N, Ojha RP, Verma B, Srivastava RK. Fine-tuning osteoclastogenesis: An insight into the cellular and molecular regulation of osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37183350 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, are essential for the bone remodeling process and are involved in the pathophysiology of several bone-related diseases. The extensive corpus of in vitro research and crucial mouse model studies in the 1990s demonstrated the key roles of monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and integrin αvβ3 in osteoclast biology. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which these variables control osteoclast differentiation and function has significantly advanced in the first decade of this century. Recent developments have revealed a number of novel insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing the differentiation and functional activity of osteoclasts; however, these mechanisms have not yet been adequately documented. Thus, in the present review, we discuss various regulatory factors including local and hormonal factors, innate as well as adaptive immune cells, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), etc., in the molecular regulation of the intricate and tightly regulated process of osteoclastogenesis. ncRNAs have a critical role as epigenetic controllers of osteoclast physiologic activities, including differentiation and bone resorption. The primary ncRNAs, which include micro-RNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, form a complex network that affects gene transcription activities associated with osteoclast biological activity. Greater knowledge of the involvement of ncRNAs in osteoclast biological activities will contribute to the treatment and management of several skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Moreover, we further outline potential therapies targeting these regulatory pathways of osteoclastogenesis in distinct bone pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Anwar
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Navita Gupta
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Rudra P Ojha
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Gram Bharati University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupendra Verma
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sugimoto K, Zhou Y, Galindo TGP, Kimura R, Tagaya M. Investigation of Surface Layers on Biological and Synthetic Hydroxyapatites Based on Bone Mineralization Process. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020184. [PMID: 37218770 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the current status of the influence of added ions (i.e., SiO44-, CO32-, etc.) and surface states (i.e., hydrated and non-apatite layers) on the biocompatibility nature of hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is discussed. It is well known that HA is a type of calcium phosphate with high biocompatibility that is present in biological hard tissues such as bones and enamel. This biomedical material has been extensively studied due to its osteogenic properties. The chemical composition and crystalline structure of HA change depending on the synthetic method and the addition of other ions, thereby affecting the surface properties related to biocompatibility. This review illustrates the structural and surface properties of HA substituted with ions such as silicate, carbonate, and other elemental ions. The importance of the surface characteristics of HA and its components, the hydration layers, and the non-apatite layers for the effective control of biomedical function, as well as their relationship at the interface to improve biocompatibility, has been highlighted. Since the interfacial properties will affect protein adsorption and cell adhesion, the analysis of their properties may provide ideas for effective bone formation and regeneration mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Sugimoto
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Yanni Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | | | - Reo Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tagaya
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cook J, Greene ES, Ramser A, Mullenix G, Dridi JS, Liyanage R, Wideman R, Dridi S. Comparative- and network-based proteomic analysis of bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis lesions in broiler's proximal tibiae identifies new molecular signatures of lameness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5947. [PMID: 37045932 PMCID: PMC10097873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (BCO) is a specific cause of lameness in commercial fast-growing broiler (meat-type) chickens and represents significant economic, health, and wellbeing burdens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis remain poorly understood. This study represents the first comprehensive characterization of the proximal tibia proteome from healthy and BCO chickens. Among a total of 547 proteins identified, 222 were differentially expressed (DE) with 158 up- and 64 down-regulated proteins in tibia of BCO vs. normal chickens. Biological function analysis using Ingenuity Pathways showed that the DE proteins were associated with a variety of diseases including cell death, organismal injury, skeletal and muscular disorder, immunological and inflammatory diseases. Canonical pathway and protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that these DE proteins were involved in stress response, unfolded protein response, ribosomal protein dysfunction, and actin cytoskeleton signaling. Further, we identified proteins involved in bone resorption (osteoclast-stimulating factor 1, OSFT1) and bone structural integrity (collagen alpha-2 (I) chain, COL2A1), as potential key proteins involved in bone attrition. These results provide new insights by identifying key protein candidates involved in BCO and will have significant impact in understanding BCO pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cook
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Alison Ramser
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Garrett Mullenix
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jalila S Dridi
- École Universitaire de Kinésithérapie, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Robert Wideman
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shindo S, Pierrelus R, Ikeda A, Nakamura S, Heidari A, Pastore MR, Leon E, Ruiz S, Chheda H, Khatiwala R, Kumagai T, Tolson G, Elderbashy I, Ouhara K, Han X, Hernandez M, Vardar-Sengul S, Shiba H, Kawai T. Extracellular Release of Citrullinated Vimentin Directly Acts on Osteoclasts to Promote Bone Resorption in a Mouse Model of Periodontitis. Cells 2023; 12:1109. [PMID: 37190018 PMCID: PMC10136503 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption, a common pathological feature between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), implicates a possible mutually shared pathogenesis. The autoantibody to citrullinated vimentin (CV), a representative biomarker of RA, is reported to promote osteoclastogenesis (OC-genesis). However, its effect on OC-genesis in the context of periodontitis remains to be elucidated. In an in vitro experiment, the addition of exogenous CV upregulated the development of Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear OCs from mouse bone marrow cells and increased the formation of resorption pits. However, Cl-amidine, an irreversible pan-peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor, suppressed the production and secretion of CV from RANKL-stimulated OC precursors, suggesting that the citrullination of vimentin occurs in OC precursors. On the other hand, the anti-vimentin neutralizing antibody suppressed in vitro Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced OC-genesis. The CV-induced upregulation of OC-genesis was abrogated by the Protein kinase C (PKC)-δ inhibitor Rottlerin, accompanied by the downmodulation of OC-genesis-related genes, including Osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP), TRAP and Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase phosphorylation. Elevated levels of soluble CV and vimentin-bearing mononuclear cells were found in the bone resorption lesions of periodontitis induced in mice in the absence of an anti-CV antibody. Finally, local injection of anti-vimentin neutralizing antibody suppressed the periodontal bone loss induced in mice. Collectively, these results indicated that the extracellular release of CV promoted OC-genesis and bone resorption in periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Shindo
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Roodelyne Pierrelus
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shin Nakamura
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Alireza Heidari
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Maria Rita Pastore
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Elizabeth Leon
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Sunniva Ruiz
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Harsh Chheda
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Rhea Khatiwala
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Tomoki Kumagai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - George Tolson
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Islam Elderbashy
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Saynur Vardar-Sengul
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shaikh A, Wesner AA, Abuhattab M, Kutty RG, Premnath P. Cell cycle regulators and bone: development and regeneration. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:35. [PMID: 36810262 PMCID: PMC9942316 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulators act as inhibitors or activators to prevent cancerogenesis. It has also been established that they can play an active role in differentiation, apoptosis, senescence, and other cell processes. Emerging evidence has demonstrated a role for cell cycle regulators in bone healing/development cascade. We demonstrated that deletion of p21, a cell cycle regulator acting at the G1/S transition enhanced bone repair capacity after a burr-hole injury in the proximal tibia of mice. Similarly, another study has shown that inhibition of p27 can increase bone mineral density and bone formation. Here, we provide a concise review of cell cycle regulators that influence cells like osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes, during development and/or healing of bone. It is imperative to understand the regulatory processes that govern cell cycle during bone healing and development as this will pave the way to develop novel therapies to improve bone healing after injury in instances of aged or osteoporotic fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Shaikh
- grid.267468.90000 0001 0695 7223Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA
| | - Austin A. Wesner
- grid.267468.90000 0001 0695 7223Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA
| | - Mohanad Abuhattab
- grid.267468.90000 0001 0695 7223Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA
| | - Raman G. Kutty
- Department of Internal Medicine, White River Health System, Batesville, AR USA
| | - Priyatha Premnath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3200 N Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Calvo-Gallego JL, Manchado-Morales P, Pivonka P, Martínez-Reina J. Spatio-temporal simulations of bone remodelling using a bone cell population model based on cell availability. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1060158. [PMID: 36959906 PMCID: PMC10027742 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1060158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we developed a spatio-temporal bone remodeling model to simulate the action of Basic Multicelluar Units (BMUs). This model is based on two major extensions of a temporal-only bone cell population model (BCPM). First, the differentiation into mature resorbing osteoclasts and mature forming osteoblasts from their respective precursor cells was modelled as an intermittent process based on precursor cells availability. Second, the interaction between neighbouring BMUs was considered based on a "metabolic cost" argument which warrants that no new BMU will be activated in the neighbourhood of an existing BMU. With the proposed model we have simulated the phases of the remodelling process obtaining average periods similar to those found in the literature: resorption ( ∼ 22 days)-reversal (∼8 days)-formation (∼65 days)-quiescence (560-600 days) and an average BMU activation frequency of ∼1.6 BMUs/year/mm3. We further show here that the resorption and formation phases of the BMU become coordinated only by the presence of TGF-β (transforming growth factor β), i.e., a major coupling factor stored in the bone matrix. TGF-β is released through resorption so upregulating osteoclast apoptosis and accumulation of osteoblast precursors, i.e., facilitating the transition from the resorption to the formation phase at a given remodelling site. Finally, we demonstrate that this model can explain targeted bone remodelling as the BMUs are steered towards damaged bone areas in order to commence bone matrix repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Calvo-Gallego
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Luis Calvo-Gallego,
| | - Pablo Manchado-Morales
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Peter Pivonka
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Javier Martínez-Reina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The interplay between BMU activity linked to mechanical stress, specific surface and inhibitory theory dictate bone mass distribution: Predictions from a 3D computational model. Comput Biol Med 2022; 148:105898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Mann C, Cheng LL, Ranjitkar S, Elekdag-Turk ST, Turk T, Darendeliler MA. Comparison of surface roughness of root cementum and orthodontically induced root resorption craters from high- and low-fluoridation areas: a 3D confocal microscopy study. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:20. [PMID: 35754084 PMCID: PMC9234018 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluoride has a major role in strengthening the structure of enamel against acids. Despite differences between caries and root resorption processes, both events inherently involve acidic dissolution of dental tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of water fluoridation levels on the surface roughness of root cementum and resorption craters. The findings provided more insight into the influence of fluoride on the surfaces of intact cementum surface and resorption craters. Methods Twenty-eight orthodontic patients were recruited from two cities in Turkey, with high (≥ 2 ppm) and low (≤ 0.05 ppm) water fluoridation. These patients needed bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction as part of their orthodontic treatment and were allocated into two study groups (n = 14 in each group) based on water fluoridation exposure level: the high-fluoride group (HF) and low-fluoride group (LF). 150 g of buccal tipping forces was applied to all maxillary first premolar teeth for 12 weeks with a beta-titanium spring which was reactivated every 4 weeks. All maxillary premolars were removed at the end of the experiment for surface roughness assessment using three-dimensional confocal microscopy and the associated software. The buccal root surface and the largest buccal resorption crater were investigated. Results Resorption craters were significantly rougher in LF group compared to HF group (p = 0.002). Craters were rougher than the intact root surfaces (p = 0.000). Cervical and apical regions were significantly rougher than the middle region (p = 0.000 and p = 0.024, respectively). Conclusions Higher water fluoridation level of ≥ 2 ppm resulted in significantly smoother root resorption craters than low water fluoridation level of ≤ 0.05 ppm when the teeth were subjected to 150 g of buccal tipping force. Fluoride seems to have a protective role at the interface of root resorption, and further mineral or histological studies may shed light on the exact protective process against root resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Mann
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital SLHD, Level 2, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Lam L Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital SLHD, Level 2, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sarbin Ranjitkar
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Selma T Elekdag-Turk
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tamer Turk
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - M Ali Darendeliler
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital SLHD, Level 2, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Therapeutic Treatments for Osteoporosis-Which Combination of Pills Is the Best among the Bad? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031393. [PMID: 35163315 PMCID: PMC8836178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronical, systemic skeletal disorder characterized by an increase in bone resorption, which leads to reduced bone density. The reduction in bone mineral density and therefore low bone mass results in an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance in the normally strictly regulated bone homeostasis. This imbalance is caused by overactive bone-resorbing osteoclasts, while bone-synthesizing osteoblasts do not compensate for this. In this review, the mechanism is presented, underlined by in vitro and animal models to investigate this imbalance as well as the current status of clinical trials. Furthermore, new therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis are presented, such as anabolic treatments and catabolic treatments and treatments using biomaterials and biomolecules. Another focus is on new combination therapies with multiple drugs which are currently considered more beneficial for the treatment of osteoporosis than monotherapies. Taken together, this review starts with an overview and ends with the newest approaches for osteoporosis therapies and a future perspective not presented so far.
Collapse
|
17
|
Promotion of Bone Regeneration Using Bioinspired PLGA/MH/ECM Scaffold Combined with Bioactive PDRN. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154149. [PMID: 34361342 PMCID: PMC8348682 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches of biomaterials for the repair of critical-sized bone defects still require immense effort to overcome numerous obstacles. The biodegradable polymer-based scaffolds have been required to expand further function for bone tissue engineering. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) is one of the most common biopolymers owing to its biodegradability for tissue regenerations. However, there are major clinical challenges that the byproducts of the PLGA cause an acidic environment of implanting site. The critical processes in bone repair are osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and inhibition of excessive osteoclastogenesis. In this study, the porous PLGA (P) scaffold was combined with magnesium hydroxide (MH, M) and bone-extracellular matrix (bECM, E) to improve anti-inflammatory ability and osteoconductivity. Additionally, the bioactive polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN, P) was additionally incorporated in the existing PME scaffold. The prepared PMEP scaffold has pro-osteogenic and pro-angiogenic effects and inhibition of osteoclast due to the PDRN, which interacts with the adenosine A2A receptor agonist that up-regulates expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and down-regulates inflammatory cytokines. The PMEP scaffold has superior biological properties for human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Moreover, the gene expressions related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis of hBMSCs increased and the inflammatory factors decreased on the PMEP scaffold. In conclusion, it provides a promising strategy and clinical potential candidate for bone tissue regeneration and repairing bone defects.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nakane S, Imamura K, Hisanaga R, Ishihara K, Saito A. Systemic administration of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-Ig abrogates alveolar bone resorption in induced periodontitis through inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and activation: An experimental investigation. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:972-981. [PMID: 34129238 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a critical immunoregulatory molecule expressed on T cells. CTLA-4 also binds to the surfaces of monocytes and macrophages, precursors of osteoclasts. Research on rheumatoid arthritis demonstrated that CTLA-4 suppresses inflammation and bone resorption. However, its effects on alveolar bone have yet to be understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and potential mechanism of CTLA-4 in bone resorption in periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, the effects of systemic administration of CTLA-4 immunoglobulin fusion protein (CTLA-4-Ig) on alveolar bone resorption were investigated using a periodontitis mouse model. A total of 20 C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to two groups according to the administration modes. Periodontitis was induced by placing a ligature around the left maxillary second molar. The contralateral tooth was left un-ligated. In the CTLA-4-Ig (+) group, CTLA-4-Ig was administered by intraperitoneal injection at 1 and 3 days after ligature placement. Animals in the CTLA-4-Ig (-) group were given only phosphate-buffered saline each time. At 5 days after ligature placement, bone resorption was assessed by micro-computed tomography and histological examination, and the prevalence of osteoclast-like cells was assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. In vitro, the effects of CTLA-4-Ig on osteoclasts were evaluated. Viability of RAW 264.7 cells treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and CTLA-4-Ig was tested by WST-1 assay. Osteoclast-like cells were enumerated by TRAP staining, and osteoclast activity was evaluated by resorption pit assay. Gene expression levels of osteoclast differentiation markers (macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor, carbonic anhydrase II, cathepsin K, and Trap) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major serine-threonine phosphatase, were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effect of CTLA-4-Ig on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In vivo, ligature-induced bone resorption and the numbers of osteoclast-like cells were significantly decreased by the administration of CTLA-4-Ig. In vitro, treatment with RANKL and CTLA-4-Ig had no significant effect on cell viability. CTLA-4-Ig significantly reduced the prevalence and activation of osteoclast-like cells and decreased the expressions of osteoclast differentiation markers, compared with the RANKL-treated control. CTLA-4-Ig significantly suppressed RANKL-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 but increased PP2A expression. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CTLA-4-Ig abrogates bone resorption in induced periodontitis, possibly via inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and activation. The regulation of the NF-κB pathway and PP2A expression may be one mechanism by which CTLA-4-Ig suppresses osteoclast behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Nakane
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Imamura
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rio Hisanaga
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishihara
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Da W, Tao L, Zhu Y. The Role of Osteoclast Energy Metabolism in the Occurrence and Development of Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:675385. [PMID: 34054735 PMCID: PMC8150001 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.675385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the mechanism underlying bone metabolic disorders based on energy metabolism has been heavily researched. Bone resorption by osteoclasts plays an important role in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. However, the mechanism underlying the osteoclast energy metabolism disorder that interferes with bone homeostasis has not been determined. Bone resorption by osteoclasts is a process that consumes large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition to glucose, fatty acids and amino acids can also be used as substrates to produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we summarize and analyze the energy-based phenotypic changes, epigenetic regulation, and coupling with systemic energy metabolism of osteoclasts during the development and progression of osteoporosis. At the same time, we propose a hypothesis, the compensatory recovery mechanism (involving the balance between osteoclast survival and functional activation), which may provide a new approach for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hughes AM, Kolb AD, Shupp AB, Shine KM, Bussard KM. Printing the Pathway Forward in Bone Metastatic Cancer Research: Applications of 3D Engineered Models and Bioprinted Scaffolds to Recapitulate the Bone-Tumor Niche. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:507. [PMID: 33572757 PMCID: PMC7865550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer commonly metastasizes to bone, resulting in osteolytic lesions and poor patient quality of life. The bone extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in cancer cell metastasis by means of the physical and biochemical cues it provides to support cellular crosstalk. Current two-dimensional in-vitro models lack the spatial and biochemical complexities of the native ECM and do not fully recapitulate crosstalk that occurs between the tumor and endogenous stromal cells. Engineered models such as bone-on-a-chip, extramedullary bone, and bioreactors are presently used to model cellular crosstalk and bone-tumor cell interactions, but fall short of providing a bone-biomimetic microenvironment. Three-dimensional bioprinting allows for the deposition of biocompatible materials and living cells in complex architectures, as well as provides a means to better replicate biological tissue niches in-vitro. In cancer research specifically, 3D constructs have been instrumental in seminal work modeling cancer cell dissemination to bone and bone-tumor cell crosstalk in the skeleton. Furthermore, the use of biocompatible materials, such as hydroxyapatite, allows for printing of bone-like microenvironments with the ability to be implanted and studied in in-vivo animal models. Moreover, the use of bioprinted models could drive the development of novel cancer therapies and drug delivery vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;
| | - Alexus D. Kolb
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.D.K.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Alison B. Shupp
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.D.K.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Kristy M. Shine
- Health Design Lab, Jefferson Bioprinting Lab, Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Karen M. Bussard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.D.K.); (A.B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen G, Fu Z, Guo H, Kumar Pradhan S, Hao P. Study of accumulation behaviour of tungsten based composite using electron probe micro analyser for the application in bone tissue engineering. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2936-2941. [PMID: 33100849 PMCID: PMC7569116 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, a proto-type study we have conducted, where we have synthesized tungsten based composite materials which are tungsten along with combined oxides of other elements like calcium, scandium, barium, and aluminium in the form of powder with bones powder of mice devised by high energy ball mill and later on fabricating high dense pellets by sintering by spark plasma. The particle sizes of the composite materials are found to be 1-2 µm, as evidenced by the electron microscope, suggesting synthesized materials are of micron size. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of sintered pellets are well confirmed by electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) which illustrate the greater percentage of tungsten presents in the profound scan areas with other elements of the composite. The absence of pores across the 3D geometry suggesting dense sample, which is quite revealed by the X-ray tomography inspection. The prepared sintered pellets from the tungsten based composites are found to be ≈ 99.5% density with the observation of tungsten to be accumulated uniformly across the scan regions along with focussed hot spots as implied by EPMA. This study paves the way, to examine how the tungsten accumulation and the distribution with the other elements for future understanding in bone tissue engineering application and the in vivo specification of tungsten.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou 256610, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou 256610, China
| | - Hongli Guo
- School of Health, Binzhou Polytechnic, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256603, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Pradhan
- School of Physical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, 760010, India
| | - Pan Hao
- Department of Trauma Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kwak SC, Jeong DH, Cheon YH, Lee CH, Yoon KH, Kim JY, Lee MS. Securinine suppresses osteoclastogenesis and ameliorates inflammatory bone loss. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3029-3040. [PMID: 32510717 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Securinine (Sec) is a naturally derived compound separated from the roots of Securinega suffruticosa, which has long been used as a herbal medicine. Sec is widely known as a GABA receptor antagonist, it is also known as an innate immune cell agonist and has been reported to increase macrophage activity and promote monocyte maturation. On the basis of these studies, we investigated the effect of Sec on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorbing function. We have found that Sec inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, fusion, actin ring formation, and bone resorbing function by the inhibition of gene expression associated with each stage. Moreover, Sec significantly suppressed osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the phosphorylation of p38, Akt, JNK, IκB, and PLCγ2, in pathways involved in early osteoclastogenesis as well as through the subsequent suppression of c-Fos and NFATc1. Finally, Sec effectively protected bone loss induced by the excessive inflammatory responses and activity of osteoclasts in vivo by a micro-CT and histological analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Sec may be a promising drug for bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis, which is associated with the excessive activity of osteoclasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chul Kwak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Jeong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Cheon
- Core Research Facility Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea.,Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rolph D, Das H. Transcriptional Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis: The Emerging Role of KLF2. Front Immunol 2020; 11:937. [PMID: 32477372 PMCID: PMC7237574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of osteoclastic differentiation and its activity is a hallmark of various musculoskeletal disease states. In this review, the complex molecular factors underlying osteoclastic differentiation and function are evaluated. The emerging role of KLF2 in regulation of osteoclastic differentiation is examined, specifically in the context of rheumatoid arthritis in which it has been most extensively studied among the musculoskeletal diseases. The therapies that exist to manage diseases associated with osteoclastogenesis are numerous and diverse. They are varied in their mechanisms of action and in the outcomes they produce. For this review, therapies targeting osteoclasts will be emphasized, though it should be noted that many therapies exist which bolster the action of osteoblasts. A new targeted molecular approach is under investigation for the future potential therapeutic development of rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rolph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alsassa S, Lefèvre T, Laugier V, Stindel E, Ansart S. Modeling Early Stages of Bone and Joint Infections Dynamics in Humans: A Multi-Agent, Multi-System Based Model. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:26. [PMID: 32226790 PMCID: PMC7080862 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of bone and joint infections (BJI) is a challenging task. The high intra and inter patient's variability in terms of clinical presentation makes it impossible to rely on a systematic description or classical statistical analysis for its diagnosis. Advances can be achieved through a better understanding of the system behavior that results from the interactions between the components at a micro-scale level, which is difficult to mastered using traditional methods. Multiple studies from the literature report factors and interactions that affect the dynamics of the BJI system. The objectives of this study were (i) to perform a systematic review to identify relevant interactions between agents (cells, pathogens) and parameters values that characterize agents and interactions, and (ii) to develop a two dimensional computational model of the BJI system based on the results of the systematic review. The model would simulate the behavior resulting from the interactions on the cellular and molecular levels to explore the BJI dynamics, using an agent-based modeling approach. The BJI system's response to different microbial inoculum levels was simulated. The model succeeded in mimicking the dynamics of bacteria, the innate immune cells, and the bone mass during the first stage of infection and for different inoculum levels in a consistent manner. The simulation displayed the destruction in bone tissue as a result of the alteration in bone remodeling process during the infection. The model was used to generate different patterns of system behaviors that could be analyzed in further steps. Simulations results suggested evidence for the existence of latent infections. Finally, we presented a way to analyze and synthesize massive simulated data in a concise and comprehensive manner based on the semi-supervised identification of ordinary differential equations (ODE) systems. It allows to use the known framework for temporal and structural ODE analyses and therefore summarize the whole simulated system dynamical behavior. This first model is intended to be validated by in vivo or in vitro data and expected to generate hypotheses to be challenged by real data. Step by step, it can be modified and complexified based on the test/validation iteration cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Alsassa
- Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM - UMR 1101 INSERM), IBRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Department of Medicine, Brest, France.,Tekliko SARL, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lefèvre
- Iris UMR 8156 CNRS - U997 Inserm - EHESS - UP 13, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Jean Verdier Teaching Hospital, Department of Legal and Social Medicine, Bondy, France
| | | | - Eric Stindel
- Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM - UMR 1101 INSERM), IBRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Department of Medicine, Brest, France.,La Cavale Blanche University Hospital, Infection Diseases Unit, Brest, France
| | - Séverine Ansart
- Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM - UMR 1101 INSERM), IBRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Department of Medicine, Brest, France.,La Cavale Blanche University Hospital, Infection Diseases Unit, Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of measuring extracellular pH in cartilage and meniscus using acidoCEST technique with a 3-dimensional ultrashort echo time readout (acidoCEST-UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry, radiofrequency (RF) power mismatch, and relative saturation transfer were evaluated in liquid phantoms for iopromide, iopamidol, and iohexol over a pH range of 6.2 to 7.8, at various agent concentrations, temperatures, and buffer concentrations. Tissue phantoms containing cartilage and meniscus were evaluated with the same considerations for iopamidol and iohexol. Phantoms were imaged with the acidoCEST-UTE MRI sequence at 3 T. Correlation coefficients and coefficients of variations were calculated. Paired Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to evaluate for statistically significant differences. RESULTS The RF power mismatch and relative saturation transfer analyses of liquid phantoms showed iopamidol and iohexol to be the most promising agents for this study. Both these agents appeared to be concentration independent and feasible for use with or without buffer and at physiologic temperature over a pH range of 6.2 to 7.8. Ultimately, RF power mismatch fitting of iohexol showed the strongest correlation coefficients between cartilage, meniscus, and fluid. In addition, ratiometric values for iohexol are similar among liquid as well as different tissue types. CONCLUSIONS Measuring extracellular pH in cartilage and meniscus using acidoCEST-UTE MRI is feasible.
Collapse
|
26
|
High RA, Ji Y, Ma YJ, Tang Q, Murphy ME, Du J, Chang EY. In vivo assessment of extracellular pH of joint tissues using acidoCEST-UTE MRI. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1664-1673. [PMID: 31728310 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.08.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Degradation of cartilage and meniscus may be mediated by changes in extracellular pH. The purpose of this study was to optimize saturation powers used with the acidoCEST magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique with a 3D ultrashort echo time readout (acidoCEST-UTE) and to demonstrate feasibility of the method for measuring pH in cartilage and meniscus in vivo. Methods Magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry and ratio of radiofrequency (RF) power mismatch at different powers were evaluated in cartilage and meniscus tissue phantoms for iopamidol and iohexol. Using optimized RF powers, the acidoCEST-UTE MRI sequence was used to assess pH of joint fluid and tissues in four patients after direct intra-articular administration of iodinated contrast. Results In the phantoms, the ratio of powers 0.54/1.10 µT showed the strongest correlation with pH. In vivo acidoCEST-UTE pH measurements of intra-articular fluid were similar to electrode measurements of the contrast agent (7.22 vs. 7.1 for iopamidol, respectively; 7.65 vs. 7.5 for iohexol, respectively). As measured with the acidoCEST-UTE technique, overall mean cartilage pH was significantly lower than overall mean meniscus pH (6.60 vs. 6.72, respectively; P=0.043). Conclusions AcidoCEST-UTE MRI after direct intra-articular administration of either iopamidol or iohexol can be used to measure cartilage and meniscus pH in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A High
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ya-Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Qingbo Tang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark E Murphy
- Orthopedic Surgery Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rößler S, Heinemann C, Kruppke B, Wagner AS, Wenisch S, Wiesmann HP, Hanke T. Manipulation of osteoclastogenesis: Bioactive multiphasic silica/collagen composites and their effects of surface and degradation products. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:265-276. [PMID: 30274058 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The intent of the present study was to demonstrate that multiphasic silica/collagen xerogels are able to manipulate cellular processes. These xerogels were prepared by a sol-gel approach allowing the incorporation of mineral phases. The resulting nanocomposites are designed as biomaterial for bone regeneration. Human osteoclasts derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured both indirectly and directly, either in presence of different xerogel types or on their surface, to investigate the factor with the main influence on osteoclastogenesis. To this end, the incorporation of a third phase to silica/collagen xerogels was used to affect osteoclastogenesis. In cell culture, ambient ion conditions controlled by both the degradation products of the xerogel and the bioactivity-dependent ion release and reprecipitation were shown to have the main effect on osteoclast specific enzyme tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b. Late stage of osteoclastogenesis characterized by resorption was strongly dependent on the xerogels composition. Surface chemistry of the xerogels was displayed to play an important role in osteoclast resorption. Biphasic silica/collagen xerogels and triphasic xerogels with calcium carbonate offered widespread resorbed areas, whereas hydroxyapatite containing xerogels showed distinctly reduced resorption. The incorporation of strontium carbonate and phosphate, respectively, as third phase changed TRAP 5b activity dose-dependently and inhibited resorption within 21 days. Quantitative evaluation on osteoclast differentiation was carried out using biochemical methods (TRAP 5b, cathepsin K) and was supported by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Qualitative estimation of resorption was carried out by SEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rößler
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technical University Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - C Heinemann
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technical University Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Kruppke
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technical University Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - A S Wagner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic c/o Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Wenisch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic c/o Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - H P Wiesmann
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technical University Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - T Hanke
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technical University Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cutting to the Chase: How Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activity Controls Breast-Cancer-to-Bone Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060185. [PMID: 29874869 PMCID: PMC6025260 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastatic breast cancer is currently incurable and will be evident in more than 70% of patients that succumb to the disease. Understanding the factors that contribute to the progression and metastasis of breast cancer can reveal therapeutic opportunities. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes whose role in cancer has been widely documented. They are capable of contributing to every step of the metastatic cascade, but enthusiasm for the use of MMP inhibition as a therapeutic approach has been dampened by the disappointing results of clinical trials conducted more than 20 years ago. Since the trials, our knowledge of MMP biology has expanded greatly. Combined with advances in the selective targeting of individual MMPs and the specific delivery of therapeutics to the tumor microenvironment, we may be on the verge of finally realizing the promise of MMP inhibition as a treatment strategy. Here, as a case in point, we focus specifically on MMP-2 as an example to show how it can contribute to each stage of breast-cancer-to-bone metastasis and also discuss novel approaches for the selective targeting of MMP-2 in the setting of the bone-cancer microenvironment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Shupp AB, Kolb AD, Mukhopadhyay D, Bussard KM. Cancer Metastases to Bone: Concepts, Mechanisms, and Interactions with Bone Osteoblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E182. [PMID: 29867053 PMCID: PMC6025347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a unique structure capable of providing support for the body. Bone resorption and deposition are controlled in a tightly regulated balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts with no net bone gain or loss. However, under conditions of disease, the balance between bone resorption and deposition is upset. Osteoblasts play an important role in bone homeostasis by depositing new bone osteoid into resorption pits. It is becoming increasingly evident that osteoblasts additionally play key roles in cancer cell dissemination to bone and subsequent metastasis. Our laboratory has evidence that when osteoblasts come into contact with disseminated breast cancer cells, the osteoblasts produce factors that initially reduce breast cancer cell proliferation, yet promote cancer cell survival in bone. Other laboratories have demonstrated that osteoblasts both directly and indirectly contribute to dormant cancer cell reactivation in bone. Moreover, we have demonstrated that osteoblasts undergo an inflammatory stress response in late stages of breast cancer, and produce inflammatory cytokines that are maintenance and survival factors for breast cancer cells and osteoclasts. Advances in understanding interactions between osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone metastatic cancer cells will aid in controlling and ultimately preventing cancer cell metastasis to bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Shupp
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Alexus D Kolb
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Dimpi Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Karen M Bussard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Asai K, Hisasue M, Shimokawa F, Funaba M, Murakami M. TGF-β Negatively Regulates Mitf-E Expression and Canine Osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Genet 2018; 56:542-552. [PMID: 29680988 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With longevity, the prevalence of osteoporosis, which occurs when the activity of osteoclast surpasses that of osteoblasts, has increased in dogs. However, limited information is available on canine osteoclastogenesis. We herein described culture conditions to induce osteoclasts from canine bone marrow cells, and identified factors affecting canine osteoclastogenesis. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells were efficiently formed in a culture of bone marrow mononuclear cells with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF 25 ng/mL) for 3 days and a subsequent culture in the presence of M-CSF (25 ng/mL) and soluble receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL 50 ng/mL) for 4 days. We previously reported in a murine cell system that gene induction of the E isoform of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf-E) was required and sufficient for osteoclastogenesis, while transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) enhanced RANKL-induced Mitf-E expression and osteoclastogenesis. Mitf-E expression also increased during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in canine cells; however, TGF-β down-regulated Mitf-E expression and osteoclastogenesis, indicating a species-dependent response. The results of the present study show that, consistent with murine cells, M-CSF and soluble RANKL enable canine bone marrow cells to differentiate into osteoclasts, and Mitf-E expression is induced during osteoclastogenesis. However, the role of TGF-β in osteoclast formation is distinct between murine and canine cells, suggesting the necessity of analyses using canine cells to examine the factors affecting canine osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Asai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hisasue
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Fumie Shimokawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, 252-5201, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Prabhu KS, Achkar IW, Kuttikrishnan S, Akhtar S, Khan AQ, Siveen KS, Uddin S. Embelin: a benzoquinone possesses therapeutic potential for the treatment of human cancer. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:961-976. [PMID: 29620447 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been gaining recognition and are becoming a significant part of research in the area of drug development and discovery. Phytochemicals derived from these sources have been comprehensively studied and have displayed a wide range of activities against many fatal diseases including cancer. One such product that has gained recognition from its pharmacological properties and nontoxic nature is embelin, obtained from Embelia ribes. Amid all the vivid pharmacological activities, embelin has gained its prominence in the area of cancer research. Embelin binds to the BIR3 domain of XIAP, preventing the association of XIAP and caspase-9 resulting in the suppression of cell growth, proliferation and migration of various types of cancer cells. Furthermore, embelin modulates anti-apoptotic pathways by suppressing the activity of NF-κB, PI3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway - among others. The present review summarizes the various reported effects of embelin on different types of cancer cells and highlights the cellular mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kodapully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis: Disease Progression, Treatment Challenges, and Future Directions. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:31/2/e00084-17. [PMID: 29444953 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00084-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory bone disease that is caused by an infecting microorganism and leads to progressive bone destruction and loss. The most common causative species are the usually commensal staphylococci, with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis responsible for the majority of cases. Staphylococcal infections are becoming an increasing global concern, partially due to the resistance mechanisms developed by staphylococci to evade the host immune system and antibiotic treatment. In addition to the ability of staphylococci to withstand treatment, surgical intervention in an effort to remove necrotic and infected bone further exacerbates patient impairment. Despite the advances in current health care, osteomyelitis is now a major clinical challenge, with recurrent and persistent infections occurring in approximately 40% of patients. This review aims to provide information about staphylococcus-induced bone infection, covering the clinical presentation and diagnosis of osteomyelitis, pathophysiology and complications of osteomyelitis, and future avenues that are being explored to treat osteomyelitis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ahmadpour A, Goodarzi A, Lee DJ, Panchal RR, Kim KD. Cervical spine fractures in osteopetrosis: a case report and review of the literature. J Biomed Res 2018; 32:68-76. [PMID: 29353820 PMCID: PMC5956260 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20170055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While management of appendicular fractures has been well described in the setting of osteopetrosis, there is limited information on managing fractures of the axial spine. Here we present an osteopetrotic patient with multiple traumatic multiple, comminuted, unstable cervical spinal fractures managed with non-operative stabilization, and provide a review of the pathophysiology, genetic characteristics, and special considerations that must be explored when determining operative versus non-operative management of spinal injury in osteopetrosis. A PubMed query was performed for English articles in the literature published up to June 2016, and used the following search terms alone and in combination: "osteopetrosis", "spine", "fractures", "osteoclasts", and "operative management". Within four months after initial injury, treatment with halo vest allowed for adequate healing. The patient was asymptomatic with cervical spine dynamic radiographs confirming stability at four months. On four-year follow up examination, the patient remained without neck pain, and CT scan demonstrated partially sclerotic fracture lines with appropriate anatomical alignment. In conclusion, external halo stabilization may be an effective option for treatment of multiple unstable acute traumatic cervical spine fractures in patients with osteopetrosis. Given the challenge of surgical stabilization in osteopetrosis, further research is necessary to elucidate the optimal form of treatment in this select patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjang Ahmadpour
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Amir Goodarzi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Darrin J Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ripul R Panchal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kee D Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lucchesi M, Lanzetta G, Antonuzzo A, Rozzi A, Sardi I, Favre C, Ripamonti CI, Santini D, Armento G. Developing drugs in cancer-related bone pain. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 119:66-74. [PMID: 28893462 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer-related bone pain is a frequent and important key problem for metastatic patients that may reduce quality of life, with related limitations in daily activities and morbidity. Often traditional approach to pain may fail given the complex pathophysiology of this phenomenon. METHODS The aim of this review is to describe promising therapies for cancer-related bone pain, from the pathophysiology to the clinical trials currently ongoing. Moreover, any new evidence for better approach to cancer-related bone pain with the traditional drugs is also considered. CONCLUSIONS In clinical practice opioids remain the most important pharmacologic treatment for severe pain related to bone cancer. Regard developing drugs, anti-NGF and anti-TrkA are the most investigated new drug in this setting, but a future role in clinical practice is still uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Lucchesi
- Thoracic Cancer Centre, Pulmonology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Lanzetta
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Italian Neuro-Traumatology Institute, Grottaferrata, Italy.
| | - Andrea Antonuzzo
- Medical Oncology Unit 1 SSN, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Antonio Rozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Italian Neuro-Traumatology Institute, Grottaferrata, Italy.
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | - Carla Ida Ripamonti
- Supportive Care in Cancer Unit, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Campus Biomedico University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Grazia Armento
- Medical Oncology Unit, Campus Biomedico University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Clarke SA, Martin J, Nelson J, Hornez JC, Bohner M, Dunne N, Buchanan F. Surrogate Outcome Measures of In Vitro Osteoclast Resorption of β Tricalcium Phosphate. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27930865 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of porosity to calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone repair has created a new challenge when measuring bioresorption in vitro, rendering traditional outcome measures redundant. The aim of this study is to identify a surrogate endpoint for use with 3D scaffolds. Murine RAW 264.7 cells are cultured on dense discs of β-tricalcium phosphate in conditions to stimulate osteoclast (OC) formation. Multinucleated OCs are visible from day 6 with increases at days 8 and 10. Resorption pits are first observed at day 6 with much larger pits visible at days 8, 10, and 12. The concentration of calcium ions in the presence of cells is significantly higher than cell-free cultures at days 3 and 9. Using linear regression analysis, Ca ion release could account for 35.9% of any subsequent change in resorption area. The results suggest that Ca ion release is suitable to measure resorption of a beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic substrate in vitro. This model could replace the more accepted resorption pit assay in circumstances where quantification of pits is not possible, e.g., when characterizing 3D tissue engineered bone scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; Medical Biology Centre; 97, Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Joanne Martin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Queen's University Belfast; Ashby Building, Stranmillis Rd Belfast BT9 5AH UK
| | - John Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences; Queens University Belfast; MBC, 97 Lisburn Rd Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | | | - Marc Bohner
- Skeletal Substitutes Group; RMS Foundation; Bischmattstr. 12 CH-2544 Bettlach Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Queen's University Belfast; Ashby Building, Stranmillis Rd Belfast BT9 5AH UK
| | - Fraser Buchanan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Queen's University Belfast; Ashby Building, Stranmillis Rd Belfast BT9 5AH UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Salmasi S, Nayyer L, Seifalian AM, Blunn GW. Nanohydroxyapatite Effect on the Degradation, Osteoconduction and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Bone Tissue Engineered Scaffolds. Open Orthop J 2016; 10:900-919. [PMID: 28217213 PMCID: PMC5299581 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001610010900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statistical reports show that every year around the world approximately 15 million bone fractures occur; of which up to 10% fail to heal completely and hence lead to complications of non-union healing. In the past, autografts or allografts were used as the “gold standard” of treating such defects. However, due to various limitations and risks associated with these sources of bone grafts, other avenues have been extensively investigated through which bone tissue engineering; in particular engineering of synthetic bone graft substitutes, has been recognised as a promising alternative to the traditional methods. METHODS A selective literature search was performed. RESULTS Bone tissue engineering offers unlimited supply, eliminated risk of disease transmission and relatively low cost. It could also lead to patient specific design and manufacture of implants, prosthesis and bone related devices. A potentially promising building block for a suitable scaffold is synthetic nanohydroxyapatite incorporated into synthetic polymers. Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite into synthetic polymers has shown promising bioactivity, osteoconductivity, mechanical properties and degradation profile compared to other techniques previously considered. CONCLUSION Scientific research, through extensive physiochemical characterisation, in vitro and in vivo assessment has brought together the optimum characteristics of nanohydroxyapatite and various types of synthetic polymers in order to develop nanocomposites of suitable nature for bone tissue engineering. The aim of the present article is to review and update various aspects involved in incorporation of synthetic nanohydroxyapatite into synthetic polymers, in terms of their potentials to promote bone growth and regeneration in vitro, in vivo and consequently in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Salmasi
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Leila Nayyer
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon W Blunn
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tsuzuki S, Park SH, Eber MR, Peters CM, Shiozawa Y. Skeletal complications in cancer patients with bone metastases. Int J Urol 2016; 23:825-832. [PMID: 27488133 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a result of significant improvements in current therapies, the life expectancy of cancer patients with bone metastases has dramatically improved. Unfortunately, these patients often experience skeletal complications that significantly impair their quality of life. The major skeletal complications associated with bone metastases include: cancer-induced bone pain, hypercalcemia, pathological bone fractures, metastatic epidural spinal cord compression and cancer cachexia. Once cancer cells invade the bone, they perturb the normal physiology of the marrow microenvironment, resulting in bone destruction, which is believed to be a direct cause of skeletal complications. However, full understanding of the mechanisms responsible for these complications remains unknown. In the present review, we discuss the complications associated with bone metastases along with matched conventional therapeutic strategies. A better understanding of this topic is crucial, as targeting skeletal complications can improve both the morbidity and mortality of patients suffering from bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tsuzuki
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sun Hee Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew R Eber
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher M Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Barbeck M, Dard M, Kokkinopoulou M, Markl J, Booms P, Sader RA, Kirkpatrick CJ, Ghanaati S. Small-sized granules of biphasic bone substitutes support fast implant bed vascularization. BIOMATTER 2015; 5:e1056943. [PMID: 26083163 PMCID: PMC4581126 DOI: 10.1080/21592535.2015.1056943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of granule size of 2 biphasic bone substitutes (BoneCeramic® 400–700 μm and 500–1000 μm) on the induction of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) and implant bed vascularization in a subcutaneous implantation model in rats. Furthermore, degradation mechanisms and particle phagocytosis of both materials were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both granule types induced tissue reactions involving primarily mononuclear cells and only small numbers of MNGCs. Higher numbers of MNGCs were detected in the group with small granules starting on day 30, while higher vascularization was observed only at day 10 in this group. TEM analysis revealed that both mono- and multinucleated cells were involved in the phagocytosis of the materials. Additionally, the results allowed recognition of the MNGCs as the foreign body giant cell phenotype. Histomorphometrical analysis of the size of phagocytosed particles showed no differences between the 2 granule types. The results indicate that granule size seems to have impact on early implant bed vascularization and also on the induction of MNGCs in the late phase of the tissue reaction. Furthermore, the results revealed that a synthetic bone substitute material can induce tissue reactions similar to those of some xenogeneic materials, thus pointing to a need to elucidate their “ideal” physical characteristics. The results also show that granule size in the range studied did not alter phagocytosis by mononuclear cells. Finally, the investigation substantiates the differentiation of material-induced MNGCs, which are of the foreign body giant cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Barbeck
- a Institute of Pathology; Repair-Lab ; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University ; Mainz , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Mechanisms of inflammatory and neuropathic pains have been elucidated and translated to patient care by the use of animal models of these pain states. Cancer pain has lagged behind since early animal models of cancer-induced bone pain were based on the systemic injection of carcinoma cells. This precluded systematic investigation of specific neuronal and pharmacological alterations that occur in cancer-induced bone pain. In 1999, Schwei et al. described a murine model of cancer-induced bone pain that paralleled the clinical condition in terms of pain development and bone destruction, confined to the mouse femur. This model prompted related approaches, and we can now state that cancer pain may include elements of inflammatory and neuropathic pains but also unique changes in sensory processing. Cancer-induced bone pain results in progressive bone destruction, elevated osteoclast activity and distinctive nocifensive behaviours (indicating the triad of ongoing, spontaneous and movement-induced hyperalgesia). In addition, cancer cells induce an inflammatory infiltrate and release growth factors, cytokines, interleukins, chemokines, prostanoids and endothelins, resulting in a reduction of pH to below 5 and direct deformation of primary afferents within bone. These peripheral changes, in turn, drive hypersensitivity of spinal cord sensory neurons, many of which project to the parts of the brain involved in the emotional response to pain. Within the spinal cord, a unique neuronal function reorganization within segments of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord receiving nociceptive input from the bone are discussed. Changes in certain neurotransmitters implicated in brain modulation of spinal function are also altered with implications for the affective components of cancer pain. Treatments are described in terms of mechanistic insights and in the case of opioids, which modulate pain transmission at spinal and supraspinal sites, their use can be compromised by opioid-induced hyperalgesia. We discuss evidence for how this comes about and how it may be treated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Falk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsty Bannister
- Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony H Dickenson
- Departments of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Oh JH, Lee JY, Park JH, No JH, Lee NK. Obatoclax regulates the proliferation and fusion of osteoclast precursors through the inhibition of ERK activation by RANKL. Mol Cells 2015; 38:279-84. [PMID: 25666350 PMCID: PMC4363729 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obatoclax, a pan-Bcl2 inhibitor, shows antitumor activities in various solid malignancies. Bcl2-deficient mice have shown the importance of Bcl2 in osteoclasts, as the bone mass of the mice was increased by the induced apoptosis of osteoclasts. Despite the importance of Bcl2, the effects of obatoclax on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclast precursors have not been studied extensively. Here, we describe the anti-proliferative effects of obatoclax on osteoclast precursors and its negative role on fusion of the cells. Stimulation with low doses of obatoclax significantly suppressed the proliferation of osteoclast precursors in a dose-dependent manner while the apoptosis was markedly increased. Its stimulation was sufficient to block the activation of ERK MAP kinase by RANKL. The same was true when PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, was administered to osteoclast precursors. The activation of JNK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase, necessary for osteoclast differentiation, by RANKL was not affected by obatoclax. Interestingly, whereas the number of TRAP-positive mononuclear cells was increased by both obatoclax and PD98059, fused, multinucleated cells larger than 100 μm in diameter containing more than 20 nuclei were completely reduced. Consistently, obatoclax failed to regulate the expression of osteoclast marker genes, including c-Fos, TRAP, RANK and CtsK. Instead, the expression of DC-STAMP and Atp6v0d2, genes that regulate osteoclast fusion, by RANKL was significantly abrogated by both obatoclax and PD98059. Taken together, these results suggest that obatoclax down-regulates the proliferation and fusion of osteoclast precursors through the inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Oh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, 336-745,
Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, 336-745,
Korea
| | - Jin Hyeong Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, 336-745,
Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon No
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, 336-745,
Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, 336-745,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Falk S, Dickenson AH. Pain and nociception: mechanisms of cancer-induced bone pain. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1647-54. [PMID: 24799469 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.51.7219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer pain, especially pain caused by metastasis to bone, is a severe type of pain, and unless the cause and consequences can be resolved, the pain will become chronic. As detection and survival among patients with cancer have improved, pain has become an increasing challenge, because traditional therapies are often only partially effective. Until recently, knowledge of cancer pain mechanisms was poor compared with understanding of neuropathic and inflammatory pain states. We now view cancer-induced bone pain as a complex pain state involving components of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain but also exhibiting elements that seem unique to cancer pain. In addition, the pain state is often unpredictable, and the intensity of the pain is highly variable, making it difficult to manage. The establishment of translational animal models has started to reveal some of the molecular components involved in cancer pain. We present the essential pharmacologic and neurobiologic mechanisms involved in the generation and continuance of cancer-induced bone pain and discuss these in the context of understanding and treating patients. We discuss changes in peripheral signaling in the area of tumor growth, examine spinal cord mechanisms of sensitization, and finally address central processing. Our aim is to provide a mechanistic background for the sensory characteristics of cancer-induced bone pain as a basis for better understanding and treating this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Falk
- Sarah Falk, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Anthony H. Dickenson, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony H Dickenson
- Sarah Falk, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Anthony H. Dickenson, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sharma R, Callaway D, Vanegas D, Bendele M, Lopez-Cruzan M, Horn D, Guda T, Fajardo R, Abboud-Werner S, Herman B. Caspase-2 maintains bone homeostasis by inducing apoptosis of oxidatively-damaged osteoclasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93696. [PMID: 24691516 PMCID: PMC3972236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a silent disease, characterized by a porous bone micro-structure that enhances risk for fractures and associated disabilities. Senile, or age-related osteoporosis (SO), affects both men and women, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying senile osteoporosis are not fully known. Recent studies implicate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased oxidative stress as key factors in SO. Herein, we show that loss of caspase-2, a cysteine aspartate protease involved in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, results in total body and femoral bone loss in aged mice (20% decrease in bone mineral density), and an increase in bone fragility (30% decrease in fracture strength). Importantly, we demonstrate that genetic ablation or selective inhibition of caspase-2 using zVDVAD-fmk results in increased numbers of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and enhanced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. Conversely, transfection of osteoclast precursors with wild type caspase-2 but not an enzymatic mutant, results in a decrease in TRAP activity. We demonstrate that caspase-2 expression is induced in osteoclasts treated with oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and that loss of caspase-2 enhances resistance to oxidants, as measured by TRAP activity, and decreases oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of osteoclasts. Moreover, oxidative stress, quantified by assessment of the lipid peroxidation marker, 4-HNE, is increased in Casp2-/- bone, perhaps due to a decrease in antioxidant enzymes such as SOD2. Taken together, our data point to a critical and novel role for caspase-2 in maintaining bone homeostasis by modulating ROS levels and osteoclast apoptosis during conditions of enhanced oxidative stress that occur during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Danielle Callaway
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Difernando Vanegas
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michelle Bendele
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marisa Lopez-Cruzan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Diane Horn
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roberto Fajardo
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sherry Abboud-Werner
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brian Herman
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gröger D, Kerschnitzki M, Weinhart M, Reimann S, Schneider T, Kohl B, Wagermaier W, Schulze-Tanzil G, Fratzl P, Haag R. Selectivity in bone targeting with multivalent dendritic polyanion dye conjugates. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:375-85. [PMID: 23996966 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Targeting bone with anionic macromolecules is a potent approach for the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics for bone related diseases. A highly efficient modular synthesis of dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) polyanion dye conjugates, namely, sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates, phosphates, phosphonates, and bisphosphonates via click chemistry is presented. By investigating the microarchitecture of stained bone sections with confocal laser scanning microscopy, the bisphosphonate, phosphonate, and phosphate functionalized polymers are identified as strongly penetrating compounds, whereas sulfates, sulfonates, and carboxylates reveal a weaker binding to hydroxyapatite (HA) but a more pronounced affinity toward collagen. In a quantitative HA binding assay, the affinity of the dPG sulfonate, sulfate, and carboxylate toward collagen and the exceptional high HA affinity of the phosphorous containing polyelectrolytes are validated. This shows the potential of dendritic polyphosphates and phosphonates as alternatives to the commonly employed bisphosphonate modification. In cytotoxicity studies with murine fibroblasts, the conjugates have no significant effect on the cell viability at 10(-5) m. All polyanions are taken up into the cells within 24 h. The presented synthetic approach allows versatile extensions for preparing conjugates for selective bone imaging applications, tissue engineering, and drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Gröger
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Kerschnitzki
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials; D-14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sabine Reimann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Klinik für Orthopädische; Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie; Garystr. 5 D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Benjamin Kohl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Klinik für Orthopädische; Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie; Garystr. 5 D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials; D-14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Klinik für Orthopädische; Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie; Garystr. 5 D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials; D-14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 D-14195 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Asai K, Funaba M, Murakami M. Enhancement of RANKL-induced MITF-E expression and osteoclastogenesis by TGF-β. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:401-9. [PMID: 24519885 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a transcription factor that is expressed in limited types of cells, including osteoclasts, but the expression and role of MITF during osteoclastogenesis have not been fully elucidated. The expression of the MITF-E isoform but not that of the MITF-A isoform was induced in response to differentiation stimulation towards osteoclasts by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in both RAW264.7 cells and primary bone marrow cells. The RANKL-induced formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells was inhibited in RAW264.7 cells expressing siRNA for MITF-E. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) enhanced RANKL-induced MITF-E expression and -TRAP positive multinucleated cell formation. In particular, TGF-β potentiated the formation of larger osteoclasts. The expression levels of NFATc1, TRAP and CtsK, genes related to osteoclast development and activity, were concurrently enhanced by TGF-β in the presence of RANKL. Furthermore, the expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), Itgav, Itga2, Itga5, Itgb1, Itgb3 and Itgb5, genes related to cell adhesion and fusion, were up-regulated by co-treatment with TGF-β. In particular, the regulatory expression of Itgav and Itgb5 in response to RANKL with or without TGF-β resembled that of MITF-E. Because MITF is involved in cell fusion in some cell systems, these results imply a role for MITF-E as an enhancer of osteoclastogenesis and that RANKL-induced levels of both MITF-E mRNA and of MITF-dependent gene expression are enhanced by treatment with TGF-β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Asai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Detsch R, Boccaccini AR. The role of osteoclasts in bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:1133-49. [PMID: 24478169 DOI: 10.1002/term.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The success of scaffold-based bone regeneration approaches strongly depends on the performance of the biomaterial utilized. Within the efforts of regenerative medicine towards a restitutio ad integrum (i.e. complete reconstruction of a diseased tissue), scaffolds should be completely degraded within an adequate period of time. The degradation of synthetic bone substitute materials involves both chemical dissolution (physicochemical degradation) and resorption (cellular degradation by osteoclasts). Responsible for bone resorption are osteoclasts, cells of haematopoietic origin. Osteoclasts play also a crucial role in bone remodelling, which is essential for the regeneration of bone defects. There is, however, surprisingly limited knowledge about the detailed effects of osteoclasts on biomaterials degradation behaviour. This review covers the relevant fundamental knowledge and progress made in the field of osteoclast activity related to biomaterials used for bone regeneration. In vitro studies with osteoclastic precursor cells on synthetic bone substitute materials show that there are specific parameters that inhibit or enhance resorption. Moreover, analyses of the bone-material interface reveal that biomaterials composition has a significant influence on their degradation in contact with osteoclasts. Crystallinity, grain size, surface bioactivity and density of the surface seem to have a less significant effect on osteoclastic activity. In addition, the topography of the scaffold surface can be tailored to affect the development and spreading of osteoclast cells. The present review also highlights possible areas on which future research is needed and which are relevant to enhance our understanding of the complex role of osteoclasts in bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gunst V, Mavridou A, Huybrechts B, Van Gorp G, Bergmans L, Lambrechts P. External cervical resorption: an analysis using cone beam and microfocus computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Int Endod J 2013; 46:877-87. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Gunst
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Section Endodontics; BIOMAT Research Cluster; KU; Leuven; Belgium
| | - A. Mavridou
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Section Endodontics; BIOMAT Research Cluster; KU; Leuven; Belgium
| | - B. Huybrechts
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Section Endodontics; BIOMAT Research Cluster; KU; Leuven; Belgium
| | - G. Van Gorp
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Section Endodontics; BIOMAT Research Cluster; KU; Leuven; Belgium
| | - L. Bergmans
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Section Endodontics; BIOMAT Research Cluster; KU; Leuven; Belgium
| | - P. Lambrechts
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Section Endodontics; BIOMAT Research Cluster; KU; Leuven; Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Torres A, Santos S, Oliveira M, Barbosa M. Fibrinogen promotes resorption of chitosan by human osteoclasts. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6553-62. [PMID: 23376128 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of materials intended for bone regeneration have been extensively tested, but the resorbability of these materials is often overlooked. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption and play a crucial role in bone remodeling, which is essential for complete regeneration of bone tissue following injury. In this study we compare, for the first time, the ability of unmodified and fibrinogen (Fg)-modified chitosan (Ch) substrates to support the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts, and the potential of these cells to resorb the two substrates in vitro. Osteoclasts were differentiated from primary human peripheral blood monocytes directly on the substrates being investigated. Our results showed similar cell adhesion to unmodified and Fg-modified Ch substrates. Although the number of multinucleated osteoclasts on both Ch substrates increased throughout the culture period, by 21 days of culture significantly more highly multinucleated osteoclasts (>10 nuclei per cell) were observed on Fg-modified Ch, when compared to Ch alone. In addition, cells were tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive and secreted significantly more enzyme on Ch-based substrates than in control conditions. Unmodified and Fg-modified Ch resorption was investigated by fluorescence microscopy and confirmed by electron microscopy. Quantification of results obtained by fluorescence microscopy shows that Fg modification led to significantly higher substrate resorption by 17 days of culture. Our results show that osteoclasts, beyond resorbing mineralized substrates, successfully resorb a polymeric substrate (Ch), with Fg accelerating this process. Thus, in bone tissue regeneration strategies employing polymeric biomaterials, resorption may depend not only on macrophages, but also on osteoclasts.
Collapse
|
49
|
Reichert C, Götz W, Reimann S, Keilig L, Hagner M, Bourauel C, Jäger A. Resorption behavior of a nanostructured bone substitute: in vitro investigation and clinical application. J Orofac Orthop 2013; 74:165-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-012-0136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Systems-level analysis of genome-wide association data. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:119-29. [PMID: 23316444 PMCID: PMC3538337 DOI: 10.1534/g3.112.004788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have emerged as the method of choice for identifying common variants affecting complex disease. In a GWAS, particular attention is placed, for obvious reasons, on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exceed stringent genome-wide significance thresholds. However, it is expected that many SNPs with only nominal evidence of association (e.g., P < 0.05) truly influence disease. Efforts to extract additional biological information from entire GWAS datasets have primarily focused on pathway-enrichment analyses. However, these methods suffer from a number of limitations and typically fail to lead to testable hypotheses. To evaluate alternative approaches, we performed a systems-level analysis of GWAS data using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. A weighted gene coexpression network was generated for 1918 genes harboring SNPs that displayed nominal evidence of association (P ≤ 0.05) from a GWAS of bone mineral density (BMD) using microarray data on circulating monocytes isolated from individuals with extremely low or high BMD. Thirteen distinct gene modules were identified, each comprising coexpressed and highly interconnected GWAS genes. Through the characterization of module content and topology, we illustrate how network analysis can be used to discover disease-associated subnetworks and characterize novel interactions for genes with a known role in the regulation of BMD. In addition, we provide evidence that network metrics can be used as a prioritizing tool when selecting genes and SNPs for replication studies. Our results highlight the advantages of using systems-level strategies to add value to and inform GWAS.
Collapse
|