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Huang Y, Liang B, Jiang Q, Chen C, Yang K, Li C, Zheng A. Tumoricidal activity of combining the agonistic DR5 antibody D-6 with cisplatin in C30 cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:183-90. [PMID: 24789319 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study by our group reported that the agonistic DR5 antibody D-6 was capable of triggering apoptosis in A2780 cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer cells and that this marked effect was enhanced by cisplatin in vitro. The present study examined whether D-6 and cisplatin may exert the same anti-tumor effect on C30 cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. D-6 exhibited an apoptosis-inducing effect, increased the cell growth inhibition rate of C30 cells in a dose-dependent manner, induced significant morphological changes characteristic for apoptosis, as observed by electron microscopy, and downregulated the expression of caspase 3, 8 and 9 precursors in C30 cells treated with D-6 at the protein level. All of these effects were evidently enhanced when accompanied by cisplatin. Furthermore, D-6 alone or in combination with cisplatin in the established models of C30 tumor xenografts resulted in a significant repression of tumor growth, and evident apoptosis, as determined by a terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. In addition, the expression of caspase 3, 8 and 9 precursors in the tumor xenografts was as similar to that found in vitro. In conclusion, the present study suggested that D-6 may serve as a novel anti-tumor agent against C30 cisplatin‑resistant ovarian cancer, with the ability to trigger apoptosis via caspase-dependent and ‑independent pathways and the potential to decrease the cisplatin resistance of the C30 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Baoquan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ai Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Ahmed FE. Sample preparation and fractionation for proteome analysis and cancer biomarker discovery by mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:771-98. [PMID: 19219839 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation and fractionation technologies are one of the most crucial processes in proteomic analysis and biomarker discovery in solubilized samples. Chromatographic or electrophoretic proteomic technologies are also available for separation of cellular protein components. There are, however, considerable limitations in currently available proteomic technologies as none of them allows for the analysis of the entire proteome in a simple step because of the large number of peptides, and because of the wide concentration dynamic range of the proteome in clinical blood samples. The results of any undertaken experiment depend on the condition of the starting material. Therefore, proper experimental design and pertinent sample preparation is essential to obtain meaningful results, particularly in comparative clinical proteomics in which one is looking for minor differences between experimental (diseased) and control (nondiseased) samples. This review discusses problems associated with general and specialized strategies of sample preparation and fractionation, dealing with samples that are solution or suspension, in a frozen tissue state, or formalin-preserved tissue archival samples, and illustrates how sample processing might influence detection with mass spectrometric techniques. Strategies that dramatically improve the potential for cancer biomarker discovery in minimally invasive, blood-collected human samples are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid E Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Coling DE, Ding D, Young R, Lis M, Stofko E, Blumenthal KM, Salvi RJ. Proteomic analysis of cisplatin-induced cochlear damage: Methods and early changes in protein expression. Hear Res 2007; 226:140-56. [PMID: 17321087 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To identify early changes in protein expression associated with cisplatin ototoxicity, we used two dimensional-difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry to analyze proteins from P3 rat cochleae that were cultured for 3h with or without 1mM cisplatin. Replicate analysis of fluorescent images from six gels revealed significant (p<0.01) cisplatin-induced changes (greater than 1.5-fold) in expression of 22 cochlear proteins. These include increases in the expression of five proteins, four of which were identified as nucleobindin 1, a nuclear calcium signaling and homeostasis protein (2.1-fold), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C, an RNA processing protein (1.8-fold), a 55 kDa protein that is either endothelial differentiation-related factor 1 or alpha-6 tubulin (1.7-fold), and calreticulin, a calcium binding chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER, 1.6-fold). The expression of 17 proteins was significantly (p<0.01) decreased by greater than 1.5-fold. These include ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1 (1.6-fold), RAS-like, family 12 (predicted), ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family 5 (4.5-fold), homologous the RAS family of GTPase signaling proteins (2.4-fold), and Protein tyrosine phosphatase domain containing 1 (predicted, 6.1-fold). We identified seven cochlear proteins with either smaller (1.2-1.5-fold) or less significant (p<0.05) cisplatin-induced changes in expression. Notably, heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (Hspa5, Grp78, and BiP), an ER chaperone protein involved in stress response, decreased 1.7-fold. We observed changes consistent with phosphorylation in the level of isoforms of another ER stress-induced protein, glucose-regulated protein Grp58. Changes in cisplatin-induced protein expression are discussed with respect to known or hypothesized functions of the identified proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Coling
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, 137 Cary Hall, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Stasyk T, Schiefermeier N, Skvortsov S, Zwierzina H, Peränen J, Bonn GK, Huber LA. Identification of endosomal epidermal growth factor receptor signaling targets by functional organelle proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007; 6:908-22. [PMID: 17293594 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m600463-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) signal transduction is organized by scaffold and adaptor proteins, which have specific subcellular distribution. On a way from the plasma membrane to the lysosome EGFRs are still in their active state and can signal from distinct subcellular locations. To identify organelle-specific targets of EGF receptor signaling on endosomes a combination of subcellular fractionation, two-dimensional DIGE, fluorescence labeling of phosphoproteins, and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was applied. All together 23 EGF-regulated (phospho)proteins were identified as being differentially associated with endosomal fractions by functional organelle proteomics; among them were proteins known to be involved in endosomal trafficking and cytoskeleton rearrangement (Alix, myosin-9, myosin regulatory light chain, Trap1, moesin, cytokeratin 8, septins 2 and 11, and CapZbeta). Interestingly R-Ras, a small GTPase of the Ras family that regulates cell survival and integrin activity, was associated with endosomes in a ligand-dependent manner. EGF-dependent association of R-Ras with late endosomes was confirmed by confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting of endosomal fractions. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib was used to confirm EGF-dependent regulation of all identified proteins. EGF-dependent association of signaling molecules, such as R-Ras, with late endosomes suggests signaling specification through intracellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Stasyk
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Mayrhofer C, Krieger S, Allmaier G, Kerjaschki D. DIGE compatible labelling of surface proteins on vital cells in vitro and in vivo. Proteomics 2006; 6:579-85. [PMID: 16372259 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods for profiling of the cell surface proteome are desirable to get a deeper insight in basic biological processes, to localise proteins and to uncover proteins differentially expressed in diseases. Here we present a strategy to target cell surface exposed proteins via fluorescence labelling using CyDye DIGE fluors. This method has been applied to human cell lines in vitro as well as to a complex biological system in vivo. It allows detection of fluorophore-tagged cell surface proteins and visualisation of the accessible proteome within a single 2-D gel, simplifying subsequent UV MALDI-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Mayrhofer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lee WJ, Monteith GR, Roberts-Thomson SJ. Calcium transport and signaling in the mammary gland: targets for breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2005; 1765:235-55. [PMID: 16410040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland is subjected to extensive calcium loads during lactation to support the requirements of milk calcium enrichment. Despite the indispensable nature of calcium homeostasis and signaling in regulating numerous biological functions, the mechanisms by which systemic calcium is transported into milk by the mammary gland are far from completely understood. Furthermore, the implications of calcium signaling in terms of regulating proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in the breast are currently uncertain. Deregulation of calcium homeostasis and signaling is associated with mammary gland pathophysiology and as such, calcium transporters, channels and binding proteins represent potential drug targets for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jae Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Steele Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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Abstract
The recent development of mass spectrometry, i.e., high sensitivity, automation of protein identification and some post-translational modifications (PTMs) significantly increased the number of large-scale proteomics projects. However, there are still considerable limitations as none of the currently available proteomics techniques allows the analysis of an entire proteome in a single step procedure. On the other hand, there are several successful studies analyzing well defined groups of proteins, e.g., proteins of purified organelles, membrane microdomains or isolated proteins with certain PTMs. Coupling of advanced separation methodologies (different prefractionation strategies, such as subcellular fractionation, affinity purification, fractionation of proteins and peptides according to their physicochemical properties) to highly sensitive mass spectrometers provides powerful means to detect and analyze dynamic changes of low abundant regulatory proteins in eukaryotic cells on the subcellular level. This review summarizes and discusses recent strategies in proteomics approaches where different fractionation strategies were successfully applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Stasyk
- Department of Histology and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
Functional proteome analysis is not restricted to the sequence information but includes the broad spectrum of structural modifications and quantitative changes of proteins to which they are subjected in different tissues and cell organelles and during the development of an organism. Cell biology has provided the means required for the analysis of the composition and properties of purified cellular elements. Subcellular fractionation is an approach universal across all cell types and tissues, including cardiac and vascular system. Subcellular fractionation and proteomics form an ideal partnership when it comes to enrichment and analysis of intracellular organelles and low abundant multiprotein complexes. Subcellular fractionation is a flexible and adjustable approach resulting in reduced sample complexity and is most efficiently combined with high-resolution 2D gel/mass spectrometry analysis as well as with gel-independent techniques. In this study we introduce state of the art subcellular fractionation techniques and discuss their suitability, advantages, and limitations for proteomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas A Huber
- Department of Histology and Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Histology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Wunderlich W, Fialka I, Teis D, Alpi A, Pfeifer A, Parton RG, Lottspeich F, Huber LA. A novel 14-kilodalton protein interacts with the mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold mp1 on a late endosomal/lysosomal compartment. J Cell Biol 2001; 152:765-76. [PMID: 11266467 PMCID: PMC2195784 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.152.4.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a novel, highly conserved protein of 14 kD copurifying with late endosomes/lysosomes on density gradients. The protein, now termed p14, is peripherally associated with the cytoplasmic face of late endosomes/lysosomes in a variety of different cell types. In a two-hybrid screen with p14 as a bait, we identified the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) scaffolding protein MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) partner 1 (MP1) as an interacting protein. We confirmed the specificity of this interaction in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and by coimmunoprecipitation, cosedimentation on glycerol gradients, and colocalization. Moreover, expression of a plasma membrane-targeted p14 causes mislocalization of coexpressed MP1. In addition, we could reconstitute protein complexes containing the p14-MP1 complex associated with ERK and MEK in vitro.The interaction between p14 and MP1 suggests a MAPK scaffolding activity localized to the cytoplasmic surface of late endosomes/lysosomes, thereby combining catalytic scaffolding and subcellular compartmentalization as means to modulate MAPK signaling within a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Fialka
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Teis
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arno Alpi
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Pfeifer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Lukas A. Huber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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Morel V, Poschet R, Traverso V, Deretic D. Towards the proteome of the rhodopsin-bearing post-Golgi compartment of retinal photoreceptor cells. Electrophoresis 2000; 21:3460-9. [PMID: 11079565 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(20001001)21:16<3460::aid-elps3460>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polarized sorting of rhodopsin in retinal rod photoreceptor cells is mediated by post-Golgi carrier membranes that bud from the trans-Golgi network and fuse with the specialized domain of the plasma membrane in the rod inner segment. The identity of the majority of the resident proteins of this organelle still remains elusive, despite multifaceted approaches to study this compartment. In the present study we have taken a proteomic approach to the analysis of the post-Golgi carriers. First, we modified the previously established fractionation protocols in order to achieve greater purity of the isolated membranes. Specifically, the new fractionation scheme depleted the post-Golgi fraction of cytosolic proteins that were the most abundant contaminants complicating analysis of two-dimensional (2-D) gel profiles in our previous preparations. The isolated membranes were subjected to 2-D gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and microsequencing. This analysis showed that the improved subcellular fractionation yielded a fraction highly enriched in rhodopsin-bearing post-Golgi carrier membranes. Two-dimensional mapping revealed 29 proteins that are preferentially found in this fraction and therefore represent candidates for post-Golgi membrane-specific proteins. This preparation of rhodopsin-bearing post-Golgi carriers is a first step towards the proteomics of this important organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Morel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48105, USA
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