1
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Zaderer V, Diem G, Posch W, Jakschitz T, Bonn GK, Bellmann-Weiler R, Huber LA, Wilflingseder D. P80 natural essence spray and lozenges provide respiratory protection against Influenza A, B, and SARS-CoV-2. Respir Res 2024; 25:102. [PMID: 38419061 PMCID: PMC10900741 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonally circulating viruses, such as Influenza, as well as newly emerging viruses and variants thereof, and waning immunity urge the need for safe, easy-to-use and inexpensive drugs to protect from these challenges. To prevent transmission of these viruses and subsequent excessive inflammatory reactions on mucous membranes, we tested the efficacy of the natural essence P80 as spray and in form of lozenges against respiratory infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs), influenza A (H3N2) and influenza B (Victoria). P80 natural essence, a Dimocarpus longan extract, shielded highly differentiated human airway epithelia from SARS-CoV-2 wildtype and Omicron variant as well as Influenza A and B infection and dampened inflammation by down-modulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and anaphylatoxin secretion. A single application of P80 natural essence spray maintained tissue integrity long-term. This also significantly reduced the release of infectious viral particles and the secretion of IP10, MCP1, RANTES and C3a, all of which mediate the migration of immune cells to the sites of infection. Even P80 lozenges dissolved in distilled water or non-neutralizing saliva efficiently prevented SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza-induced tissue destruction. Consequently, our in vitro data suggest that P80 natural essence can act as antiviral prophylactic, both in form of nasal or oral spray and in form of lozenges, independent of circulating respiratory challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Zaderer
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Gabriel Diem
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Thomas Jakschitz
- ADSI - Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Günther K Bonn
- ADSI - Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- ADSI - Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 81/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
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Plattner C, Lamberti G, Blattmann P, Kirchmair A, Rieder D, Loncova Z, Sturm G, Scheidl S, Ijsselsteijn M, Fotakis G, Noureen A, Lisandrelli R, Böck N, Nemati N, Krogsdam A, Daum S, Finotello F, Somarakis A, Schäfer A, Wilflingseder D, Gonzalez Acera M, Öfner D, Huber LA, Clevers H, Becker C, Farin HF, Greten FR, Aebersold R, de Miranda NF, Trajanoski Z. Functional and spatial proteomics profiling reveals intra- and intercellular signaling crosstalk in colorectal cancer. iScience 2023; 26:108399. [PMID: 38047086 PMCID: PMC10692669 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision oncology approaches for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) continue to lag behind other solid cancers. Functional precision oncology-a strategy that is based on perturbing primary tumor cells from cancer patients-could provide a road forward to personalize treatment. We extend this paradigm to measuring proteome activity landscapes by acquiring quantitative phosphoproteomic data from patient-derived organoids (PDOs). We show that kinase inhibitors induce inhibitor- and patient-specific off-target effects and pathway crosstalk. Reconstruction of the kinase networks revealed that the signaling rewiring is modestly affected by mutations. We show non-genetic heterogeneity of the PDOs and upregulation of stemness and differentiation genes by kinase inhibitors. Using imaging mass-cytometry-based profiling of the primary tumors, we characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) and determine spatial heterocellular crosstalk and tumor-immune cell interactions. Collectively, we provide a framework for inferring tumor cell intrinsic signaling and external signaling from the TME to inform precision (immuno-) oncology in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Plattner
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giorgia Lamberti
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Blattmann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Kirchmair
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Rieder
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zuzana Loncova
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Sturm
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Scheidl
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marieke Ijsselsteijn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Georgios Fotakis
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Asma Noureen
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rebecca Lisandrelli
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nina Böck
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Niloofar Nemati
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anne Krogsdam
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia Daum
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesca Finotello
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonios Somarakis
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Schäfer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miguel Gonzalez Acera
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Öfner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Biocenter, Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henner F. Farin
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership with DKFZ Heidelberg, Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian R. Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership with DKFZ Heidelberg, Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noel F.C.C. de Miranda
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Zaderer V, Abd El Halim H, Wyremblewsky AL, Lupoli G, Dächert C, Muenchhoff M, Graf A, Blum H, Lass-Flörl C, Keppler OT, Huber LA, Posch W, Wilflingseder D. Omicron subvariants illustrate reduced respiratory tissue penetration, cell damage and inflammatory responses in human airway epithelia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258268. [PMID: 37915577 PMCID: PMC10616953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To explore whether the reported lower pathogenicity in infected individuals of variant of concern (VoC) Omicron and its current subvariants compared to VoC Delta may be related to fundamental differences in the initial virus-tissue interaction, we assessed their ability to penetrate, replicate and cause damage in a human 3D respiratory model. Methods For this, we used TEER measurements, real-time PCR, LDH, cytokine and complex confocal imaging analyses. Results and discussion We observed that Delta readily penetrated deep into the respiratory epithelium and this was associated with major tissue destruction, high LDH activity, high viral loads and pronounced innate immune activation as observed by intrinsic C3 activation and IL-6 release at infection sites. In contrast, Omicron subvariants BA.5, BQ.1.1 and BF7 remained superficially in the mucosal layer resulting merely in outward-directed destruction of cells, maintenance of epithelial integrity, minimal LDH activity and low basolateral release of virus at infection sites, as well as significantly smaller areas of complement activation and lower IL-6 secretion. Interestingly, also within Omicron subvariants differences were observed with newer Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and BF.7 illustrating significantly reduced viral loads, IL-6 release and LDH activity compared to BA.5. Our data indicate that earliest interaction events after SARS-CoV-2 transmission may have a role in shaping disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Zaderer
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hussam Abd El Halim
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna-Lena Wyremblewsky
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gaia Lupoli
- Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Dächert
- Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver T. Keppler
- Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- ADSI - Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Vietor I, Cikes D, Piironen K, Vasakou T, Heimdörfer D, Gstir R, Erlacher MD, Tancevski I, Eller P, Demetz E, Hess MW, Kuhn V, Degenhart G, Rozman J, Klingenspor M, Hrabe de Angelis M, Valovka T, Huber LA. The negative adipogenesis regulator Dlk1 is transcriptionally regulated by Ifrd1 (TIS7) and translationally by its orthologue Ifrd2 (SKMc15). eLife 2023; 12:e88350. [PMID: 37603466 PMCID: PMC10468205 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta-like homolog 1 (Dlk1), an inhibitor of adipogenesis, controls the cell fate of adipocyte progenitors. Experimental data presented here identify two independent regulatory mechanisms, transcriptional and translational, by which Ifrd1 (TIS7) and its orthologue Ifrd2 (SKMc15) regulate Dlk1 levels. Mice deficient in both Ifrd1 and Ifrd2 (dKO) had severely reduced adipose tissue and were resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Wnt signaling, a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation, was significantly upregulated in dKO mice. Elevated levels of the Wnt/β-catenin target protein Dlk1 inhibited the expression of adipogenesis regulators Pparg and Cebpa, and fatty acid transporter Cd36. Although both Ifrd1 and Ifrd2 contributed to this phenotype, they utilized two different mechanisms. Ifrd1 acted by controlling Wnt signaling and thereby transcriptional regulation of Dlk1. On the other hand, distinctive experimental evidence showed that Ifrd2 acts as a general translational inhibitor significantly affecting Dlk1 protein levels. Novel mechanisms of Dlk1 regulation in adipocyte differentiation involving Ifrd1 and Ifrd2 are based on experimental data presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Vietor
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- IMBA, Institute of MolecularBiotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Kati Piironen
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Theodora Vasakou
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - David Heimdörfer
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ronald Gstir
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Philipp Eller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department Trauma Surgery, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Gerald Degenhart
- Department of Radiology, Medical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, School of Life SciencesWeihenstephanGermany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Life SciencesFreisingGermany
| | - Taras Valovka
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
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5
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Hoşnut FÖ, Janecke AR, Şahin G, Vogel GF, Lafcı NG, Bichler P, Müller T, Huber LA, Valovka T, Aksu AÜ. SLC5A1 Variants in Turkish Patients with Congenital Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1359. [PMID: 37510265 PMCID: PMC10379334 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in SLC5A1 encoding the apical sodium/glucose cotransporter SGLT1. We present clinical and molecular data from eleven affected individuals with congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption from four unrelated, consanguineous Turkish families. Early recognition and timely management by eliminating glucose and galactose from the diet are fundamental for affected individuals to survive and develop normally. We identified novel SLC5A1 missense variants, p.Gly43Arg and p.Ala92Val, which were linked to disease in two families. Stable expression in CaCo-2 cells showed that the p.Ala92Val variant did not reach the plasma membrane, but was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. The p.Gly43Arg variant, however, displayed processing and plasma membrane localization comparable to wild-type SGLT1. Glycine-43 displays nearly invariant conservation in the relevant structural family of cotransporters and exchangers, and localizes to SGLT1 transmembrane domain TM0. p.Gly43Arg represents the first disease-associated variant in TM0; however, the role of TM0 in the SGLT1 function has not been established. In summary, we are expanding the mutational spectrum of this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Ö. Hoşnut
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 06080 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andreas R. Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (T.V.)
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gülseren Şahin
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 06080 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Georg F. Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (T.V.)
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Naz G. Lafcı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 06080 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Paul Bichler
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (T.V.)
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (T.V.)
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Valovka
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (T.V.)
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aysel Ü. Aksu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ankara Bilkent Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
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6
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Sambri I, Ferniani M, Campostrini G, Testa M, Meraviglia V, de Araujo MEG, Dokládal L, Vilardo C, Monfregola J, Zampelli N, Vecchio Blanco FD, Torella A, Ruosi C, Fecarotta S, Parenti G, Staiano L, Bellin M, Huber LA, De Virgilio C, Trepiccione F, Nigro V, Ballabio A. RagD auto-activating mutations impair MiT/TFE activity in kidney tubulopathy and cardiomyopathy syndrome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2775. [PMID: 37188688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding RagD GTPase were shown to cause a novel autosomal dominant condition characterized by kidney tubulopathy and cardiomyopathy. We previously demonstrated that RagD, and its paralogue RagC, mediate a non-canonical mTORC1 signaling pathway that inhibits the activity of TFEB and TFE3, transcription factors of the MiT/TFE family and master regulators of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Here we show that RagD mutations causing kidney tubulopathy and cardiomyopathy are "auto- activating", even in the absence of Folliculin, the GAP responsible for RagC/D activation, and cause constitutive phosphorylation of TFEB and TFE3 by mTORC1, without affecting the phosphorylation of "canonical" mTORC1 substrates, such as S6K. By using HeLa and HK-2 cell lines, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and patient-derived primary fibroblasts, we show that RRAGD auto-activating mutations lead to inhibition of TFEB and TFE3 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, which impairs the response to lysosomal and mitochondrial injury. These data suggest that inhibition of MiT/TFE factors plays a key role in kidney tubulopathy and cardiomyopathy syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sambri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Ferniani
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marialuisa Testa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
| | | | - Mariana E G de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ladislav Dokládal
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Vilardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
| | - Jlenia Monfregola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
| | - Nicolina Zampelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
| | | | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Ruosi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Fecarotta
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Staiano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Bellin
- Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudio De Virgilio
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Biogem Research Institute Ariano Irpino, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy.
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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7
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Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Graber M, Hirsch J, Mair S, Naschberger A, Pölzl L, Nägele F, Kirchmair E, Degenhart G, Demetz E, Hilbe R, Chen HY, Engert JC, Böhm A, Franz N, Lobenwein D, Lener D, Fuchs C, Weihs A, Töchterle S, Vogel GF, Schweiger V, Eder J, Pietschmann P, Seifert M, Kronenberg F, Coassin S, Blumer M, Hackl H, Meyer D, Feuchtner G, Kirchmair R, Troppmair J, Krane M, Weiss G, Tsimikas S, Thanassoulis G, Grimm M, Rupp B, Huber LA, Zhang SY, Casanova JL, Tancevski I, Holfeld J. Toll-Like Receptor 3 Mediates Aortic Stenosis Through a Conserved Mechanism of Calcification. Circulation 2023; 147:1518-1533. [PMID: 37013819 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by a phenotypic switch of valvular interstitial cells to bone-forming cells. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors at the interface between innate immunity and tissue repair. Type I interferons (IFNs) are not only crucial for an adequate antiviral response but also implicated in bone formation. We hypothesized that the accumulation of endogenous TLR3 ligands in the valvular leaflets may promote the generation of osteoblast-like cells through enhanced type I IFN signaling. METHODS Human valvular interstitial cells isolated from aortic valves were challenged with mechanical strain or synthetic TLR3 agonists and analyzed for bone formation, gene expression profiles, and IFN signaling pathways. Different inhibitors were used to delineate the engaged signaling pathways. Moreover, we screened a variety of potential lipids and proteoglycans known to accumulate in CAVD lesions as potential TLR3 ligands. Ligand-receptor interactions were characterized by in silico modeling and verified through immunoprecipitation experiments. Biglycan (Bgn), Tlr3, and IFN-α/β receptor alpha chain (Ifnar1)-deficient mice and a specific zebrafish model were used to study the implication of the byglycan (BGN)-TLR3-IFN axis in both CAVD and bone formation in vivo. Two large-scale cohorts (GERA [Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging], n=55 192 with 3469 aortic stenosis cases; UK Biobank, n=257 231 with 2213 aortic stenosis cases) were examined for genetic variation at genes implicated in BGN-TLR3-IFN signaling associating with CAVD in humans. RESULTS Here, we identify TLR3 as a central molecular regulator of calcification in valvular interstitial cells and unravel BGN as a new endogenous agonist of TLR3. Posttranslational BGN maturation by xylosyltransferase 1 (XYLT1) is required for TLR3 activation. Moreover, BGN induces the transdifferentiation of valvular interstitial cells into bone-forming osteoblasts through the TLR3-dependent induction of type I IFNs. It is intriguing that Bgn-/-, Tlr3-/-, and Ifnar1-/- mice are protected against CAVD and display impaired bone formation. Meta-analysis of 2 large-scale cohorts with >300 000 individuals reveals that genetic variation at loci relevant to the XYLT1-BGN-TLR3-interferon-α/β receptor alpha chain (IFNAR) 1 pathway is associated with CAVD in humans. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies the BGN-TLR3-IFNAR1 axis as an evolutionarily conserved pathway governing calcification of the aortic valve and reveals a potential therapeutic target to prevent CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Gollmann-Tepeköylü
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Michael Graber
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Jakob Hirsch
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Sophia Mair
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Andreas Naschberger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (A.N., F.K., S.C., B.R.)
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal4 Saudi Arabia (A.N.)
| | - Leo Pölzl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Felix Nägele
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Elke Kirchmair
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Gerald Degenhart
- Department of Radiology, Core Facility for Micro-CT, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (G.D., G..F.)
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (E.D., R.H., A.B., D. Lener, M.S., R.K., G.W., I.T.)
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (E.D., R.H., A.B., D. Lener, M.S., R.K., G.W., I.T.)
| | - Hao-Yu Chen
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.C.E., H.-Y.C., G.T.)
| | - James C Engert
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.C.E., H.-Y.C., G.T.)
| | - Anna Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (E.D., R.H., A.B., D. Lener, M.S., R.K., G.W., I.T.)
| | - Nadja Franz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Daniela Lobenwein
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Daniela Lener
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (E.D., R.H., A.B., D. Lener, M.S., R.K., G.W., I.T.)
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria. (C.F., A.W.)
| | - Anna Weihs
- Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria. (C.F., A.W.)
| | - Sonja Töchterle
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Austria. (S.T., D.M.)
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics/Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (G.V.F.)
| | - Victor Schweiger
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Jonas Eder
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (P.P.)
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (E.D., R.H., A.B., D. Lener, M.S., R.K., G.W., I.T.)
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (A.N., F.K., S.C., B.R.)
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (A.N., F.K., S.C., B.R.)
| | - Michael Blumer
- Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria (M.B.)
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (H.H.)
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Austria. (S.T., D.M.)
| | - Gudrun Feuchtner
- Department of Radiology, Core Facility for Micro-CT, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (G.D., G..F.)
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (E.D., R.H., A.B., D. Lener, M.S., R.K., G.W., I.T.)
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, University of Innsbruck, Austria. (J.T.)
| | - Markus Krane
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Günther Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (E.D., R.H., A.B., D. Lener, M.S., R.K., G.W., I.T.)
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (S.T.)
| | - George Thanassoulis
- Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.C.E., H.-Y.C., G.T.)
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
| | - Bernhard Rupp
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (A.N., F.K., S.C., B.R.)
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (L.A.H.)
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSI, Innsbruck (L.A.H.)
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY (S.-Y.Z., J.-L.C.)
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France (S.-Y.Z., J.-L.C.)
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, France (S.-Y.Z., J.-L.C.)
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY (S.-Y.Z., J.-L.C.)
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France (S.-Y.Z., J.-L.C.)
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, France (S.-Y.Z., J.-L.C.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY (J.-L.C.)
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (E.D., R.H., A.B., D. Lener, M.S., R.K., G.W., I.T.)
| | - Johannes Holfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. (C.G.-T., M.G, J.H., S.M., L.P., F.N., E.K., N.F., D. Lobenwein, V.S., J.E., M.G., J.H.)
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Zaderer V, Dichtl S, Posch W, Abiatari I, Bonn GK, Jakschitz T, Huber LA, Kurzchalia TV, Wilflingseder D. GlyPerA™ effectively shields airway epithelia from SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammatory events. Respir Res 2023; 24:88. [PMID: 36949547 PMCID: PMC10032620 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
New SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and waning immunity illustrate that quick and easy-to-use agents are needed to prevent infection. To protect from viral transmission and subsequent inflammatory reactions, we applied GlyperA™, a novel antimicrobial formulation that can be used as mouth gargling solution or as nasal spray, to highly differentiated human airway epithelia prior infection with Omicron VOCs BA.1 and BA.2. This formulation fully protected polarized human epithelium cultured in air-liquid interphase (ALI) from SARS-CoV-2-mediated tissue destruction and infection upon single application up to two days post infection. Moreover, inflammatory reactions induced by the Omicron VOCs were significantly lowered in tissue equivalents either pre-treated with the GlyperA™ solution, or even when added simultaneously. Thus, the GlyperA™ formulation significantly shielded epithelial integrity, successfully blocked infection with Omicron and release of viral particles, and decreased intracellular complement C3 activation within human airway epithelial cell cultures. Crucially, our in vitro data imply that GlyperA™ may be a simple tool to prevent from SARS-CoV-2 infection independent on the circulating variant via both, mouth and nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Zaderer
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivane Abiatari
- School of Natural Sciences and Medicine Tbilisi, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Günther K Bonn
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute (ADSI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Lukas A Huber
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute (ADSI), Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/R311, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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9
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Liebscher G, Vujic N, Schreiber R, Heine M, Krebiehl C, Duta-Mare M, Lamberti G, de Smet CH, Hess MW, Eichmann TO, Hölzl S, Scheja L, Heeren J, Kratky D, Huber LA. The lysosomal LAMTOR / Ragulator complex is essential for nutrient homeostasis in brown adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2023; 71:101705. [PMID: 36907508 PMCID: PMC10074977 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In brown adipose tissue (iBAT), the balance between lipid/glucose uptake and lipolysis is tightly regulated by insulin signaling. Downstream of the insulin receptor, PDK1 and mTORC2 phosphorylate AKT, which activates glucose uptake and lysosomal mTORC1 signaling. The latter requires the late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and mTOR activator (LAMTOR/Ragulator) complex, which serves to translate the nutrient status of the cell to the respective kinase. However, the role of LAMTOR in metabolically active iBAT has been elusive. METHODS Using an AdipoqCRE-transgenic mouse line, we deleted LAMTOR2 (and thereby the entire LAMTOR complex) in adipose tissue (LT2 AKO). To examine the metabolic consequences, we performed metabolic and biochemical studies in iBAT isolated from mice housed at different temperatures (30 °C, room temperature and 5 °C), after insulin treatment, or in fasted and refed condition. For mechanistic studies, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking LAMTOR 2 were analyzed. RESULTS Deletion of the LAMTOR complex in mouse adipocytes resulted in insulin-independent AKT hyperphosphorylation in iBAT, causing increased glucose and fatty acid uptake, which led to massively enlarged lipid droplets. As LAMTOR2 was essential for the upregulation of de novo lipogenesis, LAMTOR2 deficiency triggered exogenous glucose storage as glycogen in iBAT. These effects are cell autonomous, since AKT hyperphosphorylation was abrogated by PI3K inhibition or by deletion of the mTORC2 component Rictor in LAMTOR2-deficient MEFs. CONCLUSIONS We identified a homeostatic circuit for the maintenance of iBAT metabolism that links the LAMTOR-mTORC1 pathway to PI3K-mTORC2-AKT signaling downstream of the insulin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Liebscher
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujic
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Krebiehl
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Madalina Duta-Mare
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giorgia Lamberti
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cedric H de Smet
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Hölzl
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Cui Z, Napolitano G, de Araujo MEG, Esposito A, Monfregola J, Huber LA, Ballabio A, Hurley JH. Structure of the lysosomal mTORC1-TFEB-Rag-Ragulator megacomplex. Nature 2023; 614:572-579. [PMID: 36697823 PMCID: PMC9931586 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor TFEB is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy1. The phosphorylation of TFEB by the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)2-5 is unique in its mTORC1 substrate recruitment mechanism, which is strictly dependent on the amino acid-mediated activation of the RagC GTPase activating protein FLCN6,7. TFEB lacks the TOR signalling motif responsible for the recruitment of other mTORC1 substrates. We used cryogenic-electron microscopy to determine the structure of TFEB as presented to mTORC1 for phosphorylation, which we refer to as the 'megacomplex'. Two full Rag-Ragulator complexes present each molecule of TFEB to the mTOR active site. One Rag-Ragulator complex is bound to Raptor in the canonical mode seen previously in the absence of TFEB. A second Rag-Ragulator complex (non-canonical) docks onto the first through a RagC GDP-dependent contact with the second Ragulator complex. The non-canonical Rag dimer binds the first helix of TFEB with a RagCGDP-dependent aspartate clamp in the cleft between the Rag G domains. In cellulo mutation of the clamp drives TFEB constitutively into the nucleus while having no effect on mTORC1 localization. The remainder of the 108-amino acid TFEB docking domain winds around Raptor and then back to RagA. The double use of RagC GDP contacts in both Rag dimers explains the strong dependence of TFEB phosphorylation on FLCN and the RagC GDP state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Cui
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariana E G de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alessandra Esposito
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Jlenia Monfregola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy.
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- SSM School for Advanced Studies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - James H Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Klee KMC, Hess MW, Lohmüller M, Herzog S, Pfaller K, Müller T, Vogel GF, Huber LA. A CRISPR screen in intestinal epithelial cells identifies novel factors for polarity and apical transport. eLife 2023; 12:e80135. [PMID: 36661306 PMCID: PMC9889089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial polarization and polarized cargo transport are highly coordinated and interdependent processes. In our search for novel regulators of epithelial polarization and protein secretion, we used a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen and combined it with an assay based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to measure the secretion of the apical brush-border hydrolase dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). In this way, we performed the first CRISPR screen to date in human polarized epithelial cells. Using high-resolution microscopy, we detected polarization defects and mislocalization of DPP4 to late endosomes/lysosomes after knockout of TM9SF4, anoctamin 8, and ARHGAP33, confirming the identification of novel factors for epithelial polarization and apical cargo secretion. Thus, we provide a powerful tool suitable for studying polarization and cargo secretion in epithelial cells. In addition, we provide a dataset that serves as a resource for the study of novel mechanisms for epithelial polarization and polarized transport and facilitates the investigation of novel congenital diseases associated with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina MC Klee
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Michael Lohmüller
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sebastian Herzog
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Kristian Pfaller
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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Duclaux-Loras R, Lebreton C, Berthelet J, Charbit-Henrion F, Nicolle O, Revenu de Courtils C, Waich S, Valovka T, Khiat A, Rabant M, Racine C, Guerrera IC, Baptista J, Mahe MM, Hess MW, Durel B, Lefort N, Banal C, Parisot M, Talbotec C, Lacaille F, Ecochard-Dugelay E, Demir AM, Vogel GF, Faivre L, Rodrigues A, Fowler D, Janecke AR, Müller T, Huber LA, Rodrigues-Lima F, Ruemmele FM, Uhlig HH, Del Bene F, Michaux G, Cerf-Bensussan N, Parlato M. UNC45A deficiency causes microvillus inclusion disease-like phenotype by impairing myosin VB-dependent apical trafficking. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154997. [PMID: 35575086 PMCID: PMC9106349 DOI: 10.1172/jci154997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the UNC45A cochaperone have been recently associated with a syndrome combining diarrhea, cholestasis, deafness, and bone fragility. Yet the mechanism underlying intestinal failure in UNC45A deficiency remains unclear. Here, biallelic variants in UNC45A were identified by next-generation sequencing in 6 patients with congenital diarrhea. Corroborating in silico prediction, variants either abolished UNC45A expression or altered protein conformation. Myosin VB was identified by mass spectrometry as client of the UNC45A chaperone and was found misfolded in UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells. In keeping with impaired myosin VB function, UNC45AKO Caco-2 cells showed abnormal epithelial morphogenesis that was restored by full-length UNC45A, but not by mutant alleles. Patients and UNC45AKO 3D organoids displayed altered luminal development and microvillus inclusions, while 2D cultures revealed Rab11 and apical transporter mislocalization as well as sparse and disorganized microvilli. All those features resembled the subcellular abnormalities observed in duodenal biopsies from patients with microvillus inclusion disease. Finally, microvillus inclusions and shortened microvilli were evidenced in enterocytes from unc45a-deficient zebrafish. Taken together, our results provide evidence that UNC45A plays an essential role in epithelial morphogenesis through its cochaperone function of myosin VB and that UNC45A loss causes a variant of microvillus inclusion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Duclaux-Loras
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Lebreton
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabienne Charbit-Henrion
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Ophelie Nicolle
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR)–UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Revenu de Courtils
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Waich
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Valovka
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anis Khiat
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Racine
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Fédération Hospitalo–Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, and Equipe GAD, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Dijon, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomics Platform 3P5-Necker, Université Paris Descartes-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Júlia Baptista
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Maxime M. Mahe
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Institut für Histologie und Embryologie Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Béatrice Durel
- Cell Imaging Platform, INSERM-US24-CNRS UMS 3633 Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lefort
- iPS Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Céline Banal
- iPS Core Facility, Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Parisot
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine–Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Talbotec
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Florence Lacaille
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Arzu Meltem Demir
- Ankara Child Health and Diseases, Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Georg F. Vogel
- Universitätsklinik für Pädiatrie I and
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Lukas A. Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Frank M. Ruemmele
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Necker–Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Holm H. Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Michaux
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR)–UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Nadine Cerf-Bensussan
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Marianna Parlato
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Intestinal Immunity, INSERM, UMR1163, Paris, France
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Schwärzler J, Mayr L, Radlinger B, Grabherr F, Philipp M, Texler B, Grander C, Ritsch A, Hunjadi M, Enrich B, Salzmann K, Ran Q, Huber LA, Tilg H, Kaser S, Adolph TE. Adipocyte GPX4 protects against inflammation, hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:951-959. [PMID: 35031697 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and related disorders, afflicting substantial morbidity and mortality to individuals worldwide. White visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue not only serves as energy storage but also controls metabolism. Adipose tissue inflammation, commonly observed in human obesity, is considered a critical driver of metabolic perturbation while molecular hubs are poorly explored. Metabolic stress evoked by e.g. long-chain fatty acids leads to oxidative perturbation of adipocytes and production of inflammatory cytokines, fuelling macrophage infiltration and systemic low-grade inflammation. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protects against lipid peroxidation, accumulation of oxygen-specific epitopes and cell death, collectively referred to as ferroptosis. Here, we explore the function of adipocyte GPX4 in mammalian metabolism. METHODS We studied the regulation and function of GPX4 in differentiated mouse adipocytes derived from 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. We generated two conditional adipocyte-specific Gpx4 knockout mice by crossing Gpx4fl/fl mice with Adipoq-Cre+ (Gpx4-/-AT) or Fabp4-Cre+ (Gpx4+/-Fabp4) mice. Both models were metabolically characterized by a glucose tolerance test and insulin resistance test, and adipose tissue lipid peroxidation, inflammation and cell death were assessed by quantifying oxygen-specific epitopes, transcriptional analysis of chemokines, quantification of F4/80+ macrophages and TUNEL labelling. RESULTS GPX4 expression was induced during and required for adipocyte differentiation. In mature adipocytes, impaired GPX4 activity spontaneously evoked lipid peroxidation and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and the IL-8 homologue CXCL1. Gpx4-/-AT mice spontaneously displayed adipocyte hypertrophy on a chow diet, which was paralleled by the accumulation of oxygen-specific epitopes and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue. Furthermore, Gpx4-/-AT mice spontaneously developed glucose intolerance, hepatic insulin resistance and systemic low-grade inflammation, when compared to wildtype littermates, which was similarly recapitulated in Gpx4+/-Fabp4 mice. Gpx4-/-AT mice exhibited no signs of adipocyte death. CONCLUSION Adipocyte GPX4 protects against spontaneous metabolic dysregulation and systemic low-grade inflammation independent from ferroptosis, which could be therapeutically exploited in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Radlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maureen Philipp
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Texler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Ritsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Hunjadi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Salzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Qitao Ran
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Kaser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Huber LA. Presenting the FEBS Letters virtual issue on vesicle biology. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2978-2980. [PMID: 34783009 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Cattelani C, Lesiak D, Liebscher G, Singer II, Stasyk T, Wallnöfer MH, Heberle AM, Corti C, Hess MW, Pfaller K, Kwiatkowski M, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Thedieck K, Müller T, Huber LA, Eca Guimaraes de Araujo M. The SZT2 Interactome Unravels New Functions of the KICSTOR Complex. Cells 2021; 10:2711. [PMID: 34685691 PMCID: PMC8534408 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizure threshold 2 (SZT2) is a component of the KICSTOR complex which, under catabolic conditions, functions as a negative regulator in the amino acid-sensing branch of mTORC1. Mutations in this gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathy whose main symptoms include epilepsy, intellectual disability, and macrocephaly. As SZT2 remains one of the least characterized regulators of mTORC1, in this work we performed a systematic interactome analysis under catabolic and anabolic conditions. Besides numerous mTORC1 and AMPK signaling components, we identified clusters of proteins related to autophagy, ciliogenesis regulation, neurogenesis, and neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, analysis of SZT2 ablated cells revealed increased mTORC1 signaling activation that could be reversed by Rapamycin or Torin treatments. Strikingly, SZT2 KO cells also exhibited higher levels of autophagic components, independent of the physiological conditions tested. These results are consistent with our interactome data, in which we detected an enriched pool of selective autophagy receptors/regulators. Moreover, preliminary analyses indicated that SZT2 alters ciliogenesis. Overall, the data presented form the basis to comprehensively investigate the physiological functions of SZT2 that could explain major molecular events in the pathophysiology of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy in patients with SZT2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cattelani
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Dominik Lesiak
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Gudrun Liebscher
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Isabel I. Singer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Moritz H. Wallnöfer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Alexander M. Heberle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.H.); (M.K.); (K.T.)
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corrado Corti
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.W.H.); (K.P.)
| | - Kristian Pfaller
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.W.H.); (K.P.)
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.H.); (M.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.H.); (M.K.); (K.T.)
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSI, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana Eca Guimaraes de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
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16
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Zaderer V, Posch W, Gstir R, Filipek PA, Bonn GK, Aramwit P, Huber LA, Wilflingseder D. P80 Natural Essence Exerts Efficient Anti-HIV-1- as Well as Adjuvant Effects in DCs. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:976. [PMID: 34579213 PMCID: PMC8472994 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as well as complement, play a major role during human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) entry and infection at mucosal sites. Together, DCs and complement are key points for understanding host defence against HIV-1 infection and for studying the impact of new drugs on the regulation of innate host-pathogen interactions and adaptive immunity. For this, we evaluated the antiviral effect of the P80 natural essence (Longan extract) on interactions of non- and complement-opsonized HIV-1 with DCs. In viability assays, we first illustrated the effects of P80 natural essence on DC function. We found that P80 concentrations above 1.5% caused increased cell death, while at concentrations between 0.5% and 1% the compound exerted efficient antiviral effects in DCs and illustrated an adjuvant effect regarding DC activation. DC maturation, as well as co-stimulatory capacity, were significantly improved by P80 natural essence via p38 MAPK phosphorylation in presence of the viral challenge independent of the opsonization pattern. These findings might be exploited for future therapeutic options to target DC subsets directly at mucosal sites by P80 natural essence and to block entry of both, non- and complement-opsonized HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Zaderer
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.Z.); (W.P.)
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.Z.); (W.P.)
| | - Ronald Gstir
- ADSI—Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.G.); (P.A.F.); (G.K.B.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Przemyslaw A. Filipek
- ADSI—Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.G.); (P.A.F.); (G.K.B.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Günther K. Bonn
- ADSI—Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.G.); (P.A.F.); (G.K.B.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- ADSI—Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.G.); (P.A.F.); (G.K.B.); (L.A.H.)
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter Innsbruck, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.Z.); (W.P.)
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17
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Janecke AR, Liu X, Adam R, Punuru S, Viestenz A, Strauß V, Laass M, Sanchez E, Adachi R, Schatz MP, Saboo US, Mittal N, Rohrschneider K, Escher J, Ganesh A, Al Zuhaibi S, Al Murshedi F, AlSaleem B, Alfadhel M, Al Sinani S, Alkuraya FS, Huber LA, Müller T, Heidelberger R, Janz R. Pathogenic STX3 variants affecting the retinal and intestinal transcripts cause an early-onset severe retinal dystrophy in microvillus inclusion disease subjects. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1143-1156. [PMID: 33974130 PMCID: PMC8263458 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic STX3 variants were previously reported in five individuals with the severe congenital enteropathy, microvillus inclusion disease (MVID). Here, we provide a significant extension of the phenotypic spectrum caused by STX3 variants. We report ten individuals of diverse geographic origin with biallelic STX3 loss-of-function variants, identified through exome sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based homozygosity mapping, and international collaboration. The evaluated individuals all presented with MVID. Eight individuals also displayed early-onset severe retinal dystrophy, i.e., syndromic-intestinal and retinal-disease. These individuals harbored STX3 variants that affected both the retinal and intestinal STX3 transcripts, whereas STX3 variants affected only the intestinal transcript in individuals with solitary MVID. That STX3 is essential for retinal photoreceptor survival was confirmed by the creation of a rod photoreceptor-specific STX3 knockout mouse model which revealed a time-dependent reduction in the number of rod photoreceptors, thinning of the outer nuclear layer, and the eventual loss of both rod and cone photoreceptors. Together, our results provide a link between STX3 loss-of-function variants and a human retinal dystrophy. Depending on the genomic site of a human loss-of-function STX3 variant, it can cause MVID, the novel intestinal-retinal syndrome reported here or, hypothetically, an isolated retinal dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, MSB 7.046, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas HSC (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rüdiger Adam
- University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sumanth Punuru
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, MSB 7.046, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas HSC (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arne Viestenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Valeria Strauß
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Martin Laass
- Klinik und Poliklinik f. Kinder- u. Jugendmedizin, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Sanchez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto Adachi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martha P Schatz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ujwala S Saboo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Mittal
- Department of Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Johanna Escher
- Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anuradha Ganesh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sana Al Zuhaibi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fathiya Al Murshedi
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Badr AlSaleem
- King Fahad Medical City, Children's Specialized Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Genetics Division and Medical Genomic Research Lab, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siham Al Sinani
- Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruth Heidelberger
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, MSB 7.046, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas HSC (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Roger Janz
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, MSB 7.046, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas HSC (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Prentzell MT, Rehbein U, Cadena Sandoval M, De Meulemeester AS, Baumeister R, Brohée L, Berdel B, Bockwoldt M, Carroll B, Chowdhury SR, von Deimling A, Demetriades C, Figlia G, de Araujo MEG, Heberle AM, Heiland I, Holzwarth B, Huber LA, Jaworski J, Kedra M, Kern K, Kopach A, Korolchuk VI, van 't Land-Kuper I, Macias M, Nellist M, Palm W, Pusch S, Ramos Pittol JM, Reil M, Reintjes A, Reuter F, Sampson JR, Scheldeman C, Siekierska A, Stefan E, Teleman AA, Thomas LE, Torres-Quesada O, Trump S, West HD, de Witte P, Woltering S, Yordanov TE, Zmorzynska J, Opitz CA, Thedieck K. G3BPs tether the TSC complex to lysosomes and suppress mTORC1 signaling. Cell 2021; 184:655-674.e27. [PMID: 33497611 PMCID: PMC7868890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding proteins 1 and 2 (G3BP1 and G3BP2, respectively) are widely recognized as core components of stress granules (SGs). We report that G3BPs reside at the cytoplasmic surface of lysosomes. They act in a non-redundant manner to anchor the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) protein complex to lysosomes and suppress activation of the metabolic master regulator mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by amino acids and insulin. Like the TSC complex, G3BP1 deficiency elicits phenotypes related to mTORC1 hyperactivity. In the context of tumors, low G3BP1 levels enhance mTORC1-driven breast cancer cell motility and correlate with adverse outcomes in patients. Furthermore, G3bp1 inhibition in zebrafish disturbs neuronal development and function, leading to white matter heterotopia and neuronal hyperactivity. Thus, G3BPs are not only core components of SGs but also a key element of lysosomal TSC-mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Tamara Prentzell
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rehbein
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Marti Cadena Sandoval
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Ann-Sofie De Meulemeester
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Ralf Baumeister
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS & ZBMZ Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Laura Brohée
- Cell Growth Control in Health and Age-Related Disease Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Bianca Berdel
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Mathias Bockwoldt
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Bernadette Carroll
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Suvagata Roy Chowdhury
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Constantinos Demetriades
- Cell Growth Control in Health and Age-Related Disease Group, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), Cologne 50931, Germany; CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Gianluca Figlia
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Alexander M Heberle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Birgit Holzwarth
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Austrian Drug Screening Institute (ADSI), Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kedra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Katharina Kern
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andrii Kopach
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Viktor I Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ineke van 't Land-Kuper
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Matylda Macias
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Mark Nellist
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm Palm
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stefan Pusch
- German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jose Miguel Ramos Pittol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michèle Reil
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anja Reintjes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Friederike Reuter
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julian R Sampson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University Medical School, Cardiff CF14 4AY, UK
| | - Chloë Scheldeman
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium; Neurogenetics Research Group, VUB, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Siekierska
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laura E Thomas
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Saskia Trump
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Hannah D West
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University Medical School, Cardiff CF14 4AY, UK
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven BE-3000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Woltering
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Teodor E Yordanov
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria; Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justyna Zmorzynska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw 02-109, Poland
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands; Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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19
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Nairz M, Bellmann-Weiler R, Ladstätter M, Schüllner F, Zimmermann M, Koller AM, Blunder S, Naschberger H, Klotz W, Herold M, Kerndler S, Jeske M, Haschka D, Petzer V, Schroll A, Sonnweber T, Tancevski I, Fritsche G, de Araujo MEG, Stasyk T, Huber LA, Griesmacher A, Theurl I, Weiss G. Overcoming limitations in the availability of swabs systems used for SARS-CoV-2 laboratory diagnostics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2261. [PMID: 33500503 PMCID: PMC7838421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of COVID-19 relies on the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory specimens by RT-PCR. The pandemic spread of the disease caused an imbalance between demand and supply of materials and reagents needed for diagnostic purposes including swab sets. In a comparative effectiveness study, we conducted serial follow-up swabs in hospitalized laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. We assessed the diagnostic performance of an in-house system developed according to recommendations by the US CDC. In a total of 96 serial swabs, we found significant differences in the accuracy of the different swab systems to generate a positive result in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, ranging from around 50 to 80%. Of note, an in-house swab system was superior to most commercially available sets as reflected by significantly lower Ct values of viral genes. Thus, a simple combination of broadly available materials may enable diagnostic laboratories to bypass global limitations in the supply of swab sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Ladstätter
- Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Falko Schüllner
- Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Koller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Blunder
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helene Naschberger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Klotz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sylvia Kerndler
- Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Jeske
- Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schroll
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gernot Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana E G de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Abstract
Changes in size and abundance of late endocytic and autophagic organelles are increasingly appreciated as highly indicative of the physiological or pathological conditions of cells. Electron microscopy (EM) is unsurpassed in high-resolution imaging of both ultrastructural and immunocytochemical features of subcellular compartments. EM-based morphometry permits precise quantitative analyses of organelles, especially after state-of-the-art cryopreparation. Here described step-by-step protocols cover (i) different approaches for sample preparation of almost any specimen, (ii) tools to identify and characterize classes or subpopulations of lysosomes and related organelles, and (iii) convenient, straightforward ways for manual, thus, non-automated measurements of globular or spheroid-shaped organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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21
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Bermejo-Jambrina M, Blatzer M, Jauregui-Onieva P, Yordanov TE, Hörtnagl P, Valovka T, Huber LA, Wilflingseder D, Posch W. CR4 Signaling Contributes to a DC-Driven Enhanced Immune Response Against Complement-Opsonized HIV-1. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2010. [PMID: 32922405 PMCID: PMC7457048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) possess intrinsic cellular defense mechanisms to specifically inhibit HIV-1 replication. In turn, HIV-1 has evolved strategies to evade innate immune sensing by DCs resulting in suboptimal maturation and poor antiviral immune responses. We previously showed that complement-opsonized HIV-1 (HIV-C) was able to efficiently infect various DC subsets significantly higher than non-opsonized HIV-1 (HIV) and therefore also mediate a higher antiviral immunity. Thus, complement coating of HIV-1 might play a role with respect to viral control occurring early during infection via modulation of DCs. To determine in detail which complement receptors (CRs) expressed on DCs was responsible for infection and superior pro-inflammatory and antiviral effects, we generated stable deletion mutants for the α-chains of CR3, CD11b, and CR4, CD11c using CRISPR/Cas9 in THP1-derived DCs. We found that CD11c deletion resulted in impaired DC infection as well as antiviral and pro-inflammatory immunity upon exposure to complement-coated HIV-1. In contrast, sole expression of CD11b on DCs shifted the cells to an anti-inflammatory, regulatory DC type. We here illustrated that CR4 comprised of CD11c and CD18 is the major player with respect to DC infection associated with a potent early pro-inflammatory immune response. A more detailed characterization of CR3 and CR4 functions using our powerful tool might open novel avenues for early therapeutic intervention during HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Blatzer
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Paula Jauregui-Onieva
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teodor E Yordanov
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Hörtnagl
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunological Department, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Valovka
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Miao ZF, Lewis MA, Cho CJ, Adkins-Threats M, Park D, Brown JW, Sun JX, Burclaff JR, Kennedy S, Lu J, Mahar M, Vietor I, Huber LA, Davidson NO, Cavalli V, Rubin DC, Wang ZN, Mills JC. A Dedicated Evolutionarily Conserved Molecular Network Licenses Differentiated Cells to Return to the Cell Cycle. Dev Cell 2020; 55:178-194.e7. [PMID: 32768422 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated cells can re-enter the cell cycle to repair tissue damage via a series of discrete morphological and molecular stages coordinated by the cellular energetics regulator mTORC1. We previously proposed the term "paligenosis" to describe this conserved cellular regeneration program. Here, we detail a molecular network regulating mTORC1 during paligenosis in both mouse pancreatic acinar and gastric chief cells. DDIT4 initially suppresses mTORC1 to induce autodegradation of differentiated cell components and damaged organelles. Later in paligenosis, IFRD1 suppresses p53 accumulation. Ifrd1-/- cells do not complete paligenosis because persistent p53 prevents mTORC1 reactivation and cell proliferation. Ddit4-/- cells never suppress mTORC1 and bypass the IFRD1 checkpoint on proliferation. Previous reports and our current data implicate DDIT4/IFRD1 in governing paligenosis in multiple organs and species. Thus, we propose that an evolutionarily conserved, dedicated molecular network has evolved to allow differentiated cells to re-enter the cell cycle (i.e., undergo paligenosis) after tissue injury. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Mark A Lewis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles J Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mahliyah Adkins-Threats
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dongkook Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jing-Xu Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Joseph R Burclaff
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marcus Mahar
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilja Vietor
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah C Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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23
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Ivashov V, Zimmer J, Schwabl S, Kahlhofer J, Weys S, Gstir R, Jakschitz T, Kremser L, Bonn GK, Lindner H, Huber LA, Leon S, Schmidt O, Teis D. Complementary α-arrestin-ubiquitin ligase complexes control nutrient transporter endocytosis in response to amino acids. eLife 2020; 9:e58246. [PMID: 32744498 PMCID: PMC7449699 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
How cells adjust nutrient transport across their membranes is incompletely understood. Previously, we have shown that S. cerevisiae broadly re-configures the nutrient transporters at the plasma membrane in response to amino acid availability, through endocytosis of sugar- and amino acid transporters (AATs) (Müller et al., 2015). A genome-wide screen now revealed that the selective endocytosis of four AATs during starvation required the α-arrestin family protein Art2/Ecm21, an adaptor for the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, and its induction through the general amino acid control pathway. Art2 uses a basic patch to recognize C-terminal acidic sorting motifs in AATs and thereby instructs Rsp5 to ubiquitinate proximal lysine residues. When amino acids are in excess, Rsp5 instead uses TORC1-activated Art1 to detect N-terminal acidic sorting motifs within the same AATs, which initiates exclusive substrate-induced endocytosis. Thus, amino acid excess or starvation activate complementary α-arrestin-Rsp5-complexes to control selective endocytosis and adapt nutrient acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Ivashov
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Johannes Zimmer
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sinead Schwabl
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jennifer Kahlhofer
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sabine Weys
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ronald Gstir
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Leopold Kremser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, ProteinMicroAnalysis Facility, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Günther K Bonn
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
| | - Herbert Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, ProteinMicroAnalysis Facility, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sebastien Leon
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques MonodParisFrance
| | - Oliver Schmidt
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - David Teis
- Institute for Cell Biology, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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24
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Waich S, Janecke AR, Parson W, Greber-Platzer S, Müller T, Huber LA, Valovka T, Vodopiutz J. Novel PCNT variants in MOPDII with attenuated growth restriction and pachygyria. Clin Genet 2020; 98:282-287. [PMID: 32557621 PMCID: PMC7497047 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic loss‐of‐function mutations in the centrosomal pericentrin gene (PCNT) cause microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII), which is characterized by extreme growth retardation, microcephaly, skeletal dysplasia, and dental anomalies. Life expectancy is reduced due to a high risk of cerebral vascular anomalies. Here, we report two siblings with MOPDII and attenuated growth restriction, and pachygyria. Compound heterozygosity for two novel truncated PCNT variants was identified. Both truncated PCNT proteins were expressed in patient's fibroblasts, with a reduced total protein amount compared to control. Patient's fibroblasts showed impaired cell cycle progression. As a novel finding, 20% of patient's fibroblasts were shown to express PCNT comparable to control. This was associated with normal mitotic morphology and normal co‐localization of mutated PCNT with centrosome‐associated proteins γ‐tubulin and centrin 3, suggesting some residual function of truncated PCNT proteins. These data expand the clinical and molecular spectrum of MOPDII and indicate that residual PCNT function might be associated with attenuated growth restriction in MOPDII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Waich
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susanne Greber-Platzer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Valovka
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Vodopiutz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Napolitano G, Di Malta C, Esposito A, de Araujo MEG, Pece S, Bertalot G, Matarese M, Benedetti V, Zampelli A, Stasyk T, Siciliano D, Venuta A, Cesana M, Vilardo C, Nusco E, Monfregola J, Calcagnì A, Di Fiore PP, Huber LA, Ballabio A. A substrate-specific mTORC1 pathway underlies Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Nature 2020; 585:597-602. [PMID: 32612235 PMCID: PMC7610377 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a key metabolic hub that controls the cellular response to environmental cues by exerting its kinase activity on multiple substrates1–3. However, whether mTORC1 responds to diverse stimuli by differentially phosphorylating specific substrates is poorly understood. Here we show that Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy4,5, is phosphorylated by mTORC1 via a substrate-specific mechanism mediated by RagGTPases. Thus, TFEB phosphorylation is strictly dependent on amino acid-mediated activation of RagC/D GTPase but, unlike other mTORC1 substrates such as S6K and 4E-BP1, insensitive to growth factor-induced Rheb activity. This mechanism plays a crucial role in Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, a disorder caused by mutations of the RagC/D activator folliculin (FLCN) and characterized by benign skin tumors, lung and kidney cysts and renal cell carcinoma6,7. We found that constitutive activation of TFEB is the main driver of the kidney abnormalities and paradoxical mTORC1 hyperactivity observed in BHD syndrome. Remarkably, depletion of TFEB in a kidney-specific mouse model of BHD syndrome fully rescued the disease phenotype and associated lethality and normalized mTORC1 activity. Together, these findings identify a substrate-specific control mechanism of mTORC1, whose dysregulation leads to kidney cysts and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mariana E G de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Salvatore Pece
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Matarese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angela Zampelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Marcella Cesana
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vilardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nusco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Calcagnì
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Drug Screening Institute (ADSI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy. .,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA. .,SSM School for Advanced Studies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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26
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Albertini S, Laimer F, Tiefenthaler L, Flatscher S, Zappa F, de Araujo M, Schöbel H, Huber LA, Scheier P. Modulating Bioactivity with Gold Nanoparticles. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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27
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Abstract
Lysosomes are key cellular catabolic centers that also perform fundamental metabolic, signaling and quality control functions. Lysosomes are not static and they respond dynamically to intra‐ and extracellular stimuli triggering changes in organelle numbers, size and position. Such physical changes have a strong impact on lysosomal activity ultimately influencing cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on lysosomal size regulation, on its physiological role(s) and association to several disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana E G de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gudrun Liebscher
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSI, Innsbruck, Austria
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28
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Yeung AWK, Tzvetkov NT, Gupta VK, Gupta SC, Orive G, Bonn GK, Fiebich B, Bishayee A, Efferth T, Xiao J, Silva AS, Russo GL, Daglia M, Battino M, Orhan IE, Nicoletti F, Heinrich M, Aggarwal BB, Diederich M, Banach M, Weckwerth W, Bauer R, Perry G, Bayer EA, Huber LA, Wolfender JL, Verpoorte R, Macias FA, Wink M, Stadler M, Gibbons S, Cifuentes A, Ibanez E, Lizard G, Müller R, Ristow M, Atanasov AG. Current research in biotechnology: Exploring the biotech forefront. Current Research in Biotechnology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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29
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Yordanov TE, Hipolito VEB, Liebscher G, Vogel GF, Stasyk T, Herrmann C, Geley S, Teis D, Botelho RJ, Hess MW, Huber LA. Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BORC) regulates late endosomal/lysosomal size through PIKfyve-dependent phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate. Traffic 2019; 20:674-696. [PMID: 31314175 PMCID: PMC6771566 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms that control lysosomal function are essential for cellular homeostasis. Lysosomes adapt in size and number to cellular needs but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. We demonstrate that the late endosomal/lysosomal multimeric BLOC-1-related complex (BORC) regulates the size of these organelles via PIKfyve-dependent phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2 ] production. Deletion of the core BORC component Diaskedin led to increased levels of PI(3,5)P2 , suggesting activation of PIKfyve, and resulted in enhanced lysosomal reformation and subsequent reduction in lysosomal size. This process required AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a known PIKfyve activator, and was additionally dependent on the late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, mitogen-activated protein kinases and mechanistic target of rapamycin activator (LAMTOR/Ragulator) complex. Consistently, in response to glucose limitation, AMPK activated PIKfyve, which induced lysosomal reformation with increased baseline autophagy and was coupled to a decrease in lysosomal size. These adaptations of the late endosomal/lysosomal system reversed under glucose replete growth conditions. In summary, our results demonstrate that BORC regulates lysosomal reformation and size in response to glucose availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor E. Yordanov
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Victoria E. B. Hipolito
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular ScienceRyerson UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Gudrun Liebscher
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg F. Vogel
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of Pediatrics IMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Caroline Herrmann
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - David Teis
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular ScienceRyerson UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Division of Histology and EmbryologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, BiocenterMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSIInnsbruckAustria
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30
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Lamberti G, De Smet CH, Angelova M, Kremser L, Taub N, Herrmann C, Hess MW, Rainer J, Tancevski I, Schweigreiter R, Kofler R, Schmiedinger T, Vietor I, Trajanoski Z, Ejsing CS, Lindner HH, Huber LA, Stasyk T. LAMTOR/Ragulator regulates lipid metabolism in macrophages and foam cell differentiation. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:31-42. [PMID: 31423582 PMCID: PMC7003824 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and mTOR activator (LAMTOR/Ragulator) is a scaffold protein complex that anchors and regulates multiprotein signaling units on late endosomes/lysosomes. To identify LAMTOR‐modulated endolysosomal proteins, primary macrophages were derived from bone marrow of conditional knockout mice carrying a specific deletion of LAMTOR2 in the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. Affymetrix‐based transcriptomic analysis and quantitative iTRAQ‐based organelle proteomic analysis of endosomes derived from macrophages were performed. Further analyses showed that LAMTOR could be a novel regulator of foam cell differentiation. The lipid droplet formation phenotype observed in macrophages was additionally confirmed in MEFs, where lipidomic analysis identified cholesterol esters as specifically downregulated in LAMTOR2 knockout cells. The data obtained indicate a function of LAMTOR2 in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Lamberti
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cedric H De Smet
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mihaela Angelova
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leopold Kremser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Taub
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Herrmann
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Rainer
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Reinhard Kofler
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Schmiedinger
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilja Vietor
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christer S Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSI, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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31
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Łyszkiewicz M, Kotlarz D, Ziȩtara N, Brandes G, Diestelhorst J, Glage S, Hobeika E, Reth M, Huber LA, Krueger A, Klein C. LAMTOR2 (p14) Controls B Cell Differentiation by Orchestrating Endosomal BCR Trafficking. Front Immunol 2019; 10:497. [PMID: 30936881 PMCID: PMC6431647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell development and function depend on stage-specific signaling through the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR). Signaling and intracellular trafficking of the BCR are connected, but the molecular mechanisms of this link are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of the endosomal adaptor protein and member of the LAMTOR/Ragulator complex LAMTOR2 (p14) in B-cell development. Efficient conditional deletion of LAMTOR2 at the pre-B1 stage using mb1-Cre mice resulted in complete developmental arrest. Deletion of LAMTOR2 using Cd19-Cre mice permitted analysis of residual B cells at later developmental stages, revealing that LAMTOR2 was critical for the generation and activation of mature B lymphocytes. Loss of LAMTOR2 resulted in aberrant BCR signaling due to delayed receptor internalization and endosomal trafficking. In conclusion, we identify LAMTOR2 as critical regulator of BCR trafficking and signaling that is essential for early B-cell development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Łyszkiewicz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia Ziȩtara
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gudrun Brandes
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Diestelhorst
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elias Hobeika
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Reth
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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32
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Engevik AC, Kaji I, Engevik MA, Meyer AR, Weis VG, Goldstein A, Hess MW, Müller T, Koepsell H, Dudeja PK, Tyska M, Huber LA, Shub MD, Ameen N, Goldenring JR. Loss of MYO5B Leads to Reductions in Na + Absorption With Maintenance of CFTR-Dependent Cl - Secretion in Enterocytes. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1883-1897.e10. [PMID: 30144427 PMCID: PMC6279525 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inactivating mutations in MYO5B cause microvillus inclusion disease (MVID), but the physiological cause of the diarrhea associated with this disease is unclear. We investigated whether loss of MYO5B results in aberrant expression of apical enterocyte transporters. METHODS We studied alterations in apical membrane transporters in MYO5B-knockout mice, as well as mice with tamoxifen-inducible, intestine-specific disruption of Myo5b (VilCreERT2;Myo5bflox/flox mice) or those not given tamoxifen (controls). Intestinal tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by immunostaining, immunoelectron microscopy, or cultured enteroids were derived. Functions of brush border transporters in intestinal mucosa were measured in Ussing chambers. We obtained duodenal biopsy specimens from individuals with MVID and individuals without MVID (controls) and compared transporter distribution by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Compared to intestinal tissues from littermate controls, intestinal tissues from MYO5B-knockout mice had decreased apical localization of SLC9A3 (also called NHE3), SLC5A1 (also called SGLT1), aquaporin (AQP) 7, and sucrase isomaltase, and subapical localization of intestinal alkaline phosphatase and CDC42. However, CFTR was present on apical membranes of enterocytes from MYO5B knockout and control mice. Intestinal biopsies from patients with MVID had subapical localization of NHE3, SGLT1, and AQP7, but maintained apical CFTR. After tamoxifen administration, VilCreERT2;Myo5bflox/flox mice lost apical NHE3, SGLT1, DRA, and AQP7, similar to germline MYO5B knockout mice. Intestinal tissues from VilCreERT2;Myo5bflox/flox mice had increased CFTR in crypts and CFTR localized to the apical membranes of enterocytes. Intestinal mucosa from VilCreERT2;Myo5bflox/flox mice given tamoxifen did not have an intestinal barrier defect, based on Ussing chamber analysis, but did have decreased SGLT1 activity and increased CFTR activity. CONCLUSIONS Although trafficking of many apical transporters is regulated by MYO5B, trafficking of CFTR is largely independent of MYO5B. Decreased apical localization of NHE3, SGLT1, DRA, and AQP7 might be responsible for dysfunctional water absorption in enterocytes of patients with MVID. Maintenance of apical CFTR might exacerbate water loss by active secretion of chloride into the intestinal lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Engevik
- Departments of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Departments of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne R Meyer
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Victoria G Weis
- Departments of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna Goldstein
- Departments of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago and the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew Tyska
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter and Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Austrian Drug Screening Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mitchell D Shub
- Division of Gastroenterology and Phoenix Children's Hospital and the Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Nadia Ameen
- Department of Pediatrics, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - James R Goldenring
- Departments of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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33
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Steger M, Bermejo-Jambrina M, Yordanov T, Wagener J, Brakhage AA, Pittl V, Huber LA, Haas H, Lass-Flörl C, Posch W, Wilflingseder D. β-1,3-glucan-lacking Aspergillus fumigatus mediates an efficient antifungal immune response by activating complement and dendritic cells. Virulence 2018; 10:957-969. [PMID: 30372658 PMCID: PMC8647855 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1528843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement system and dendritic cells (DCs) form - beside neutrophils and macrophages - the first line of defense to combat fungal infections. Therefore, we here studied interactions of these first immune elements with Aspergillus fumigatus lacking ß-1,3-glucans (fks1tetOnrep under repressed conditions) to mechanistically explain the mode of action of echinocandins in more detail. Echinocandins are cell wall active agents blocking β-glucan synthase, making the A. fumigatus fks1tetOn mutant a good model to study immune-modulatory actions of these drugs. We now demonstrate herein, that complement was activated to significantly higher levels by the fks1-deficient strain compared to its respective wild type. This enhanced covalent linking of complement fragments to the A. fumigatus fks1tetOnrep mutant further resulted in enhanced DC binding and internalization of the fungus. Additionally, we found that fks1tetOnrep induced a Th1-/Th17-polarizing cytokine profile program in DCs. The effect was essentially dependent on massive galactomannan shedding, since blocking of DC-SIGN significantly reduced the fks1tetOnrep-mediated induction of an inflammatory cytokine profile.Our data demonstrate that lack of ß-1,3-glucan, also found under echinocandin therapy, results in improved recognition of Aspergillus fumigatus by complement and DCs and therefore not only directly affects the fungus by its fungistatic actions, but also is likely to exert indirect antifungal mechanisms by strengthening innate host immune mechanisms.Abbreviations: C: complement; CR:complement receptor; DC: dendritic cell; iDC: immature dendritic cell; DC-SIGN: Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinases; JNK : c-Jun N-terminal kinases; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; NHS: normal human serum; PRR: pattern recognition receptor; Th :T helper; TLR :Toll-like receptor; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Steger
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teodor Yordanov
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Wagener
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Germany.,Division of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Pittl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Friedrich Schiller University (FSU), Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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34
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Coassin S, Erhart G, Weissensteiner H, Eca Guimarães de Araújo M, Lamina C, Schönherr S, Forer L, Haun M, Losso JL, Köttgen A, Schmidt K, Utermann G, Peters A, Gieger C, Strauch K, Finkenstedt A, Bale R, Zoller H, Paulweber B, Eckardt KU, Hüttenhofer A, Huber LA, Kronenberg F. A novel but frequent variant in LPA KIV-2 is associated with a pronounced Lp(a) and cardiovascular risk reduction. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:1823-1831. [PMID: 28444229 PMCID: PMC5837733 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Lp(a) concentrations represent a major cardiovascular risk factor and are almost entirely controlled by one single locus (LPA). However, many genetic factors in LPA governing the enormous variance of Lp(a) levels are still unknown. Since up to 70% of the LPA coding sequence are located in a difficult to access hypervariable copy number variation named KIV-2, we hypothesized that it may contain novel functional variants with pronounced effects on Lp(a) concentrations. We performed a large scale mutation analysis in the KIV-2 using an extreme phenotype approach. Methods and Results We compiled an discovery set of 123 samples showing discordance between LPA isoform phenotype and Lp(a) concentrations and controls. Using ultra-deep sequencing, we identified a splice site variant (G4925A) in preferential association with the smaller LPA isoforms. Follow-up in a European general population (n = 2892) revealed an exceptionally high carrier frequency of 22.1% in the general population. The variant explains 20.6% of the Lp(a) variance in carriers of low molecular weight (LMW) apo(a) isoforms (P = 5.75e-38) and reduces Lp(a) concentrations by 31.3 mg/dL. Accordingly the odds ratio for cardiovascular disease was reduced from 1.39 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–1.66, P = 1.89e-04] for wildtype LMW individuals to 1.19 [95%CI: 0.92; 1.56, P = 0.19] in LMW individuals who were additionally positive for G4925A. Functional studies point towards a reduction of splicing efficiency by this novel variant. Conclusion A highly frequent but until now undetected variant in the LPA KIV-2 region is strongly associated with reduced Lp(a) concentrations and reduced cardiovascular risk in LMW individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Coassin
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gertraud Erhart
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hansi Weissensteiner
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Lamina
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margot Haun
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jamie Lee Losso
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Genetic Epidemiology - Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 49, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Schmidt
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerd Utermann
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Munich Heart Alliance, German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Finkenstedt
- Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reto Bale
- Section of Interventional Oncology - Microinvasive Therapy (SIP), Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hüttenhofer
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schoepfstrasse 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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35
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Hess MW, Vogel GF, Yordanov TE, Witting B, Gutleben K, Ebner HL, de Araujo MEG, Filipek PA, Huber LA. Combining high-pressure freezing with pre-embedding immunogold electron microscopy and tomography. Traffic 2018; 19:639-649. [PMID: 29673018 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunogold labeling of permeabilized whole-mount cells or thin-sectioned material is widely used for the subcellular localization of biomolecules at the high spatial resolution of electron microscopy (EM). Those approaches are well compatible with either 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of organelle morphology and antigen distribution or with rapid cryofixation-but not easily with both at once. We describe here a specimen preparation and labeling protocol for animal cell cultures, which represents a novel blend of specifically adapted versions of established techniques. It combines the virtues of reliably preserved organelle ultrastructure, as trapped by rapid freezing within milliseconds followed by freeze-substitution and specimen rehydration, with the advantages of robust labeling of intracellular constituents in 3D through means of pre-embedding NANOGOLD-silver immunocytochemistry. So obtained thin and semi-thick epoxy resin sections are suitable for transmission EM imaging, as well as tomographic reconstruction and modeling of labeling patterns in the 3D cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teodor E Yordanov
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Witting
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Gutleben
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannes L Ebner
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana E G de Araujo
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Przemyslaw A Filipek
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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36
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Filipek PA, de Araujo MEG, Vogel GF, De Smet CH, Eberharter D, Rebsamen M, Rudashevskaya EL, Kremser L, Yordanov T, Tschaikner P, Fürnrohr BG, Lechner S, Dunzendorfer-Matt T, Scheffzek K, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Lindner HH, Stasyk T, Huber LA. LAMTOR/Ragulator is a negative regulator of Arl8b- and BORC-dependent late endosomal positioning. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4199-4215. [PMID: 28993467 PMCID: PMC5716276 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201703061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling from lysosomes controls cellular clearance and energy metabolism. Lysosomal malfunction has been implicated in several pathologies, including neurodegeneration, cancer, infection, immunodeficiency, and obesity. Interestingly, many functions are dependent on the organelle position. Lysosomal motility requires the integration of extracellular and intracellular signals that converge on a competition between motor proteins that ultimately control lysosomal movement on microtubules. Here, we identify a novel upstream control mechanism of Arl8b-dependent lysosomal movement toward the periphery of the cell. We show that the C-terminal domain of lyspersin, a subunit of BLOC-1-related complex (BORC), is essential and sufficient for BORC-dependent recruitment of Arl8b to lysosomes. In addition, we establish lyspersin as the linker between BORC and late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and mitogen activated protein kinase and mechanistic target of rapamycin activator (LAMTOR) complexes and show that epidermal growth factor stimulation decreases LAMTOR/BORC association, thereby promoting BORC- and Arl8b-dependent lysosomal centrifugal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw A Filipek
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana E G de Araujo
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg F Vogel
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cedric H De Smet
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Eberharter
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuele Rebsamen
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena L Rudashevskaya
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leopold Kremser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teodor Yordanov
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Tschaikner
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara G Fürnrohr
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Lechner
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Scheffzek
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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37
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de Araujo MEG, Naschberger A, Fürnrohr BG, Stasyk T, Dunzendorfer-Matt T, Lechner S, Welti S, Kremser L, Shivalingaiah G, Offterdinger M, Lindner HH, Huber LA, Scheffzek K. Crystal structure of the human lysosomal mTORC1 scaffold complex and its impact on signaling. Science 2017; 358:377-381. [PMID: 28935770 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The LAMTOR [late endosomal and lysosomal adaptor and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) activator] complex, also known as "Ragulator," controls the activity of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) on the lysosome. The crystal structure of LAMTOR consists of two roadblock/LC7 domain-folded heterodimers wrapped and apparently held together by LAMTOR1, which assembles the complex on lysosomes. In addition, the Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) associated with the pentamer through their carboxyl-terminal domains, predefining the orientation for interaction with mTORC1. In vitro reconstitution and experiments with site-directed mutagenesis defined the physiological importance of LAMTOR1 in assembling the remaining components to ensure fidelity of mTORC1 signaling. Functional data validated the effect of two short LAMTOR1 amino acid regions in recruitment and stabilization of the Rag GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana E G de Araujo
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Naschberger
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara G Fürnrohr
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Lechner
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Welti
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leopold Kremser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giridhar Shivalingaiah
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Offterdinger
- Division of Neurobiochemistry-Biooptics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. .,Austrian Drug Screening Institute, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Scheffzek
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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38
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Vogel GF, van Rijn JM, Krainer IM, Janecke AR, Posovszky C, Cohen M, Searle C, Jantchou P, Escher JC, Patey N, Cutz E, Müller T, Middendorp S, Hess MW, Huber LA. Disrupted apical exocytosis of cargo vesicles causes enteropathy in FHL5 patients with Munc18-2 mutations. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94564. [PMID: 28724787 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 5 (FHL5) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in STXBP2, coding for Munc18-2, which is required for SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. FHL5 causes hematologic and gastrointestinal symptoms characterized by chronic enteropathy that is reminiscent of microvillus inclusion disease (MVID). However, the molecular pathophysiology of FHL5-associated diarrhea is poorly understood. Five FHL5 patients, including four previously unreported patients, were studied. Morphology of duodenal sections was analyzed by electron and fluorescence microscopy. Small intestinal enterocytes and organoid-derived monolayers displayed the subcellular characteristics of MVID. For the analyses of Munc18-2-dependent SNARE-protein interactions, a Munc18-2 CaCo2-KO model cell line was generated by applying CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Munc18-2 is required for Slp4a/Stx3 interaction in fusion of cargo vesicles with the apical plasma membrane. Cargo trafficking was investigated in patient biopsies, patient-derived organoids, and the genome-edited model cell line. Loss of Munc18-2 selectively disrupts trafficking of certain apical brush-border proteins (NHE3 and GLUT5), while transport of DPPIV remained unaffected. Here, we describe the molecular mechanism how the loss of function of Munc18-2 leads to cargo-selective mislocalization of brush-border components and a subapical accumulation of cargo vesicles, as it is known from the loss of polarity phenotype in MVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg F Vogel
- Department of Paediatrics I and.,Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jorik M van Rijn
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris M Krainer
- Department of Paediatrics I and.,Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Carsten Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marta Cohen
- Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Searle
- Clinical Genetics, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Prevost Jantchou
- Gastroentérologie Hépatologie et Nutrition Pédiatrique Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johanna C Escher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie Patey
- Clinical Genetics, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest Cutz
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sabine Middendorp
- Division of Paediatrics, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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39
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Vogel GF, Janecke AR, Krainer IM, Gutleben K, Witting B, Mitton SG, Mansour S, Ballauff A, Roland JT, Engevik AC, Cutz E, Müller T, Goldenring JR, Huber LA, Hess MW. Abnormal Rab11-Rab8-vesicles cluster in enterocytes of patients with microvillus inclusion disease. Traffic 2017; 18:453-464. [PMID: 28407399 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital enteropathy characterized by accumulation of vesiculo-tubular endomembranes in the subapical cytoplasm of enterocytes, historically termed "secretory granules." However, neither their identity nor pathophysiological significance is well defined. Using immunoelectron microscopy and tomography, we studied biopsies from MVID patients (3× Myosin 5b mutations and 1× Syntaxin3 mutation) and compared them to controls and genome-edited CaCo2 cell models, harboring relevant mutations. Duodenal biopsies from 2 patients with novel Myosin 5b mutations and typical clinical symptoms showed unusual ultrastructural phenotypes: aberrant subapical vesicles and tubules were prominent in the enterocytes, though other histological hallmarks of MVID were almost absent (ectopic intra-/intercellular microvilli, brush border atrophy). We identified these enigmatic vesiculo-tubular organelles as Rab11-Rab8-positive recycling compartments of altered size, shape and location harboring the apical SNARE Syntaxin3, apical transporters sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Our data strongly indicate that in MVID disrupted trafficking between cargo vesicles and the apical plasma membrane is the primary cause of a defect of epithelial polarity and subsequent facultative loss of brush border integrity, leading to malabsorption. Furthermore, they support the notion that mislocalization of transporters, such as NHE3 substantially contributes to the reported sodium loss diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg F Vogel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris M Krainer
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Gutleben
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Witting
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Sahar Mansour
- Human Genetics Research Center, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Joseph T Roland
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ernest Cutz
- Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - James R Goldenring
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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40
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Janecke AR, Xu R, Steichen-Gersdorf E, Waldegger S, Entenmann A, Giner T, Krainer I, Huber LA, Hess MW, Frishberg Y, Barash H, Tzur S, Schreyer-Shafir N, Sukenik-Halevy R, Zehavi T, Raas-Rothschild A, Mao C, Müller T. Deficiency of the sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase SGPL1 is associated with congenital nephrotic syndrome and congenital adrenal calcifications. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:365-372. [PMID: 28181337 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We identified two unrelated consanguineous families with three children affected by the rare association of congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) diagnosed in the first days of life, of hypogonadism, and of prenatally detected adrenal calcifications, associated with congenital adrenal insufficiency in one case. Using exome sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing, two homozygous truncating mutations, c.1513C>T (p.Arg505*) and c.934delC (p.Leu312Phefs*30), were identified in SGPL1-encoding sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase 1. SGPL1 catalyzes the irreversible degradation of endogenous and dietary S1P, the final step of sphingolipid catabolism, and of other phosphorylated long-chain bases. S1P is an intracellular and extracellular signaling molecule involved in angiogenesis, vascular maturation, and immunity. The levels of SGPL1 substrates, S1P, and sphingosine were markedly increased in the patients' blood and fibroblasts, as determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Vascular alterations were present in a patient's renal biopsy, in line with changes seen in Sgpl1 knockout mice that are compatible with a developmental defect in vascular maturation. In conclusion, loss of SGPL1 function is associated with CNS, adrenal calcifications, and hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York.,Stony Brook Cancer Center at State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | - Siegfried Waldegger
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Entenmann
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Giner
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris Krainer
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yaacov Frishberg
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hila Barash
- Institute of Rare Diseases, Institute of Genetics, Sheba Medical center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shay Tzur
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Genomic Research Department, Emedgene Technologies, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Rivka Sukenik-Halevy
- Genetics Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler school of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Tania Zehavi
- Department of Pathology, Meir Medical center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- Institute of Rare Diseases, Institute of Genetics, Sheba Medical center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler school of medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York.,Stony Brook Cancer Center at State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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41
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Lammirato A, Patsch K, Feiereisen F, Maly K, Nofziger C, Paulmichl M, Hackl H, Trajanoski Z, Valovka T, Huber LA, Vietor I. TIS7 induces transcriptional cascade of methylosome components required for muscle differentiation. BMC Biol 2016; 14:95. [PMID: 27782840 PMCID: PMC5080701 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TPA Induced Sequence 7 acts as a transcriptional co-regulator controlling the expression of genes involved in differentiation of various cell types, including skeletal myoblasts. We and others have shown that TIS7 regulates adult myogenesis through MyoD, one of the essential myogenic regulatory factors. Results Here, we present data identifying ICln as the specific, novel protein downstream of TIS7 controlling myogenesis. We show that TIS7/ICln epigenetically regulate myoD expression controlling protein methyl transferase activity. In particular, ICln regulates MyoD expression via its interaction with PRMT5 by an epigenetic modification that utilizes symmetrical di-methylation of histone H3 on arginine 8. We provide multiple evidences that TIS7 directly binds DNA, which is a functional feature necessary for its role in transcriptional regulation. Conclusion We present here a molecular insight into TIS7-specific control of MyoD gene expression and thereby skeletal muscle differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0318-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lammirato
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katherin Patsch
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabien Feiereisen
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karl Maly
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charity Nofziger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Paulmichl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Valovka
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilja Vietor
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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42
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Vogel GF, Klee KMC, Janecke AR, Müller T, Hess MW, Huber LA. Cargo-selective apical exocytosis in epithelial cells is conducted by Myo5B, Slp4a, Vamp7, and Syntaxin 3. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:587-604. [PMID: 26553929 PMCID: PMC4639860 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201506112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The motor protein Myo5B and t-SNARE Stx3 drive cargo-selective apical exocytosis in polarized epithelial cells in a pathway dependent on v-SNARE–like Slp4a, v-SNARE Vamp7, Sec1/Munc18-like protein Munc18-2, and the Rab11/8 cascade. Mutations in the motor protein Myosin Vb (Myo5B) or the soluble NSF attachment protein receptor Syntaxin 3 (Stx3) disturb epithelial polarity and cause microvillus inclusion disease (MVID), a lethal hereditary enteropathy affecting neonates. To understand the molecular mechanism of Myo5B and Stx3 interplay, we used genome editing to introduce a defined Myo5B patient mutation in a human epithelial cell line. Our results demonstrate a selective role of Myo5B and Stx3 for apical cargo exocytosis in polarized epithelial cells. Apical exocytosis of NHE3, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), and GLUT5 required an interaction cascade of Rab11, Myo5B, Slp4a, Munc18-2, and Vamp7 with Stx3, which cooperate in the final steps of this selective apical traffic pathway. The brush border enzymes DPPIV and sucrase-isomaltase still correctly localize at the apical plasma membrane independent of this pathway. Hence, our work demonstrates how Myo5B, Stx3, Slp4a, Vamp7, Munc18-2, and Rab8/11 cooperate during selective apical cargo trafficking and exocytosis in epithelial cells and thereby provides further insight into MVID pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg F Vogel
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina M C Klee
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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43
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Huber LA, Teis D. Lysosomal signaling in control of degradation pathways. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 39:8-14. [PMID: 26827287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy mediates the (non-)selective bulk degradation of cytoplasm, protein aggregates, damaged organelles and certain pathogens. The endosomal membrane system uses multivesicular bodies (MVBs) to selectively deliver ubiquitinated membrane proteins together with extracellular components into lysosomes. Microautophagy (MA) and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) additionally contribute to the selective delivery of cargo into lysosomes. The coordinated function of these lysosomal degradation pathways is essential to maintain cellular homeostasis. Their activity is controlled by mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling and thus coupled to metabolic processes during cell growth. Here, we will discuss how TORC1 on lysosomes and TORC2 at the plasma membrane coordinate the different membrane biogenesis pathways with cargo selection, vesicle transport and fusion with lysosomes in response to intracellular and extracellular cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Teis
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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44
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Huber LA. New Mouse Models for Microvillus Inclusion Disease (MVID): Where Do the Inclusions Come From and Are They Cause or Consequence? Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2:112-113. [PMID: 28174707 PMCID: PMC4980747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas A. Huber
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Lukas A. Huber, MD, Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.Biocenter, Division of Cell BiologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
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45
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Lamberti G, de Araújo MEG, Huber LA. Isolation of Macrophage Early and Late Endosomes by Latex Bead Internalization and Density Gradient Centrifugation. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2015; 2015:pdb.prot083451. [PMID: 26631120 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot083451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immortalized macrophage lines and primary macrophages display the ability to internalize small latex beads through the endocytic pathway. This protocol describes a simple and robust method for separating endocytic organelles from macrophages on a sucrose gradient, taking advantage of the significantly lower density of the organelles containing latex beads compared with other intracellular organelles. The latex beads are retained in the endosomes as they mature; therefore, harvesting cells at different time points after internalization permits the purification of different organelle fractions, particularly early and late endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Lamberti
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana E G de Araújo
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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46
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Abstract
Proteomic analysis of early and late endosomes has been constrained by the limited purity of the endosomal fractions that can be achieved by biochemical methods. Here we briefly review endocytic pathways, and then introduce fractionation strategies that have been used to improve the purity of isolated endosomes. In addition, we describe innovative proteomics analysis methods that have been shown to partially circumvent the limitations found in the enrichment steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana E G de Araújo
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giorgia Lamberti
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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47
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Stasyk T, Huber LA. Spatio-Temporal Parameters of Endosomal Signaling in Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Options. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:836-43. [PMID: 26506511 PMCID: PMC4949996 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The endo/lysosomal system in cells provides membranous platforms to assemble specific signaling complexes and to terminate signal transduction, thus, is essential for physiological signaling. Endocytic organelles can significantly extend signaling of activated cell surface receptors, and may additionally provide distinct locations for the generation of specific signaling outputs. Failures of regulation at different levels of endocytosis, recycling, degradation as well as aberrations in specific endo/lysosomal signaling pathways, such as mTORC1, might lead to different diseases including cancer. Therefore, a better understanding of spatio‐temporal compartmentalization of sub‐cellular signaling might provide an opportunity to interfere with aberrant signal transduction in pathological processes by novel combinatorial therapeutic approaches. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 836–843, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Stasyk
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.,ADSI - Austrian Drug Screening Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
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48
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Abstract
Density gradient centrifugation is a common method for separating intracellular organelles. During centrifugation, organelles float or sediment until they reach their isopycnic position within the gradient. The density of an organelle depends on its content, size, shape, and the lipid:protein ratio. The degree of separation between different organelles will therefore be highly dependent on how different their isopycnic points are in a given buffer. Separation will also depend on the medium used to prepare the gradient, whether it is sucrose (the most common) or an alternative. Here we describe the use of both continuous and discontinuous (step) gradients to isolate endocytic organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana E G de Araújo
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giorgia Lamberti
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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49
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Abstract
Homogenization is the name given to the methodological steps necessary for releasing organelles and other cellular constituents as a free suspension of intact individual components. Most homogenization procedures used for mammalian cells (e.g., cavitation pump and Dounce homogenizer) rely on mechanical force to break the plasma membrane and may be supplemented with osmotic or temperature alterations to facilitate membrane disruption. In this protocol, we describe a syringe-based homogenization method that does not require specialized equipment, is easy to handle, and gives reproducible results. The method may be adapted for cells that require hypotonic shock before homogenization. We routinely use it as part of our workflow to isolate endocytic organelles from mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana E G de Araújo
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giorgia Lamberti
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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50
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Vogel GF, Ebner HL, de Araujo MEG, Schmiedinger T, Eiter O, Pircher H, Gutleben K, Witting B, Teis D, Huber LA, Hess MW. Ultrastructural Morphometry Points to a New Role for LAMTOR2 in Regulating the Endo/Lysosomal System. Traffic 2015; 16:617-34. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg F. Vogel
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Müllerstrasse 59 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Hannes L. Ebner
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Müllerstrasse 59 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
- Current address: Department for Trauma Surgery; Medical University of Innsbruck; Anichstrasse 35 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Mariana E. G. de Araujo
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Thomas Schmiedinger
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Anichstrasse 35 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Oliver Eiter
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Anichstrasse 35 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Haymo Pircher
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research; University of Innsbruck; Rennweg 10 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Karin Gutleben
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Müllerstrasse 59 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Barbara Witting
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Müllerstrasse 59 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - David Teis
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Müllerstrasse 59 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
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