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Song Y, Liu Y, Xu Q, Leung KT, Chan LKY, Chung JPW, Wang CC, Chen X, Zhang T, Man GCW. Isolation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) from endometriotic mice model and their immunomodulatory functions. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 184:33-57. [PMID: 38555157 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, painful disease whose etiology remains unknown. The development of novel therapies and diagnostic tools for endometriosis has been limited due in part to challenges in studying the disease. Recently, a few reports have shown that immunosuppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), may promote the progression of endometriosis. MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells with potent immunosuppressive and angiogenic properties. Here, in this chapter, we provide a detailed protocol to phenotype MDSC as well as to isolate and assess the functionality from the peritoneal cavity of a mouse model of surgically induced endometriosis. Importantly, the current mouse model has been widely used to study how the immune system, hormones, and environmental factors affect endometriosis as well as the effects of endometriosis on fertility and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Maternal-Fetal Institute, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianhan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Loucia Kit Ying Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacqueline Pui Wah Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Reproduction and Development, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Maternal-Fetal Institute, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gene Chi Wai Man
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Merhi M, Ahmad F, Taib N, Inchakalody V, Uddin S, Shablak A, Dermime S. The complex network of transcription factors, immune checkpoint inhibitors and stemness features in colorectal cancer: A recent update. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 89:1-17. [PMID: 36621515 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunity is regulated by several mechanisms that include co-stimulatory and/or co-inhibitory molecules known as immune checkpoints expressed by the immune cells. In colorectal cancer (CRC), CTLA-4, LAG3, TIM-3 and PD-1 are the major co-inhibitory checkpoints involved in tumor development and progression. On the other hand, the deregulation of transcription factors and cancer stem cells activity plays a major role in the development of drug resistance and in the spread of metastatic disease in CRC. In this review, we describe how the modulation of such transcription factors affects the response of CRC to therapies. We also focus on the role of cancer stem cells in tumor metastasis and chemoresistance and discuss both preclinical and clinical approaches for targeting stem cells to prevent their tumorigenic effect. Finally, we provide an update on the clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in CRC and discuss the regulatory effects of transcription factors on the expression of the immune inhibitory checkpoints with specific focus on the PD-1 and PD-L1 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nassiba Taib
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaaeldin Shablak
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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3
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Del Prete A, Scutera S, Sozzani S, Musso T. Role of osteopontin in dendritic cell shaping of immune responses. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:19-28. [PMID: 31126876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced both by immune and non-immune cells and active on different cellular targets. OPN production has been associated with several pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases (e.g. lupus, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis) and cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that the role of OPN has been underestimated, as it seems to be working at multiple levels of immune regulation, such as the shaping of T cell effector responses, the regulation of the tumor microenvironment, and the functional interaction with mesenchymal stromal cells. In this context, dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role being both an important source and a cellular target for OPN action. DC family is composed by several cell subsets endowed with specific immune functions. OPN exerts its biological functions through multiple receptors and is produced in different intracellular and secreted forms. OPN production by DC subsets is emerging as a crucial mechanism of regulation in normal and pathological conditions and starts to be exploited as a therapeutic target. This review will focus on the role of DC-derived OPN in shaping immune response and on the complex role of this cytokines in the regulation in immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Scutera
- Microbiology section, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Musso
- Microbiology section, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Wu C, Ning H, Liu M, Lin J, Luo S, Zhu W, Xu J, Wu WC, Liang J, Shao CK, Ren J, Wei B, Cui J, Chen MS, Zheng L. Spleen mediates a distinct hematopoietic progenitor response supporting tumor-promoting myelopoiesis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3425-3438. [PMID: 29771686 DOI: 10.1172/jci97973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is associated with alterations of intra- and extramedullary hematopoiesis to support a systemic tumor-promoting myeloid response. However, the functional specialty, mechanism, and clinical relevance of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) remain unclear. Here, we showed that the heightened splenic myelopoiesis in tumor-bearing hosts was not only characterized by the accumulation of myeloid precursors, but also associated with profound functional alterations of splenic early hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). With the distinct capability to produce and respond to granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), these splenic HSPCs were "primed" and committed to generating immunosuppressive myeloid cells. Mechanistically, the CCL2/CCR2 axis-dependent recruitment and the subsequent local education by the splenic stroma were critical for eliciting this splenic HSPC response. Selective abrogation of this splenic EMH was sufficient to synergistically enhance the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. Clinically, patients with different types of solid tumors exhibited increased splenic HSPC levels associated with poor survival. These findings reveal a unique and important role of splenic hematopoiesis in tumor-associated myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiheng Ning
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Chao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Romano A, Parrinello NL, La Cava P, Tibullo D, Giallongo C, Camiolo G, Puglisi F, Parisi M, Pirosa MC, Martino E, Conticello C, Palumbo GA, Di Raimondo F. PMN-MDSC and arginase are increased in myeloma and may contribute to resistance to therapy. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:675-683. [PMID: 29707981 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1470929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite improvement in overall response due to the introduction of the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (btz), multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease due to the immune-suppressive bone marrow (BM) environment. Thus, the authors aimed to identify the role of CD11b+CD15+CD14-HLA-DR- granulocytic-like myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) in MM patients treated up-front with novel agents. METHODS In MM cell lines and primary cells derived by patients affected by MGUS and MM, we investigated sensitivity to bortezomib and lenalidomide in presence of Arg-1 and PMN-MDSC. RESULTS The authors found that PMN-MDSC and their function through increased arginase-1 (Arg-1) are associated with MM progression. When the authors assessed cell viability of the human myeloma cell lines MM1.s, OPM2 and U266 treated with 5-20 nM btz for 24 h in PMN-MDSC conditioned media, they disclosed that amount of Arg-1 and Arg-1 inhibition could affect btz sensitivity in-vitro. PMN-MDSC and Arg-1 were increased in peripheral blood of newly diagnosed MM patients compared to healthy subjects. PMN-MDSC and arginase were reduced after exposure to lenalidomide-based regimen but increased after btz-based treatment. CONCLUSION In MM, Arg-1 is mainly expressed by PMN-MDSC. PMN-MDSC and Arg-1 are reduced in vivo after lenalidomide but not bortezomib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Romano
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Nunziatina Laura Parrinello
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Piera La Cava
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Camiolo
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Puglisi
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Marina Parisi
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Pirosa
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Enrica Martino
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Concetta Conticello
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- a Department of medical and surgical specialties, Hematology Section , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
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6
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Drabczyk-Pluta M, Werner T, Hoffmann D, Leng Q, Chen L, Dittmer U, Zelinskyy G. Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells suppress virus-specific CD8 + T cell responses during acute Friend retrovirus infection. Retrovirology 2017; 14:42. [PMID: 28835242 PMCID: PMC5569525 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-017-0364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can suppress T cell responses in several different diseases. Previously these suppressive cells were observed to expand in HIV patients and in a mouse retrovirus model, yet their suppressive effect on virus-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo has not been characterized thus far. RESULTS We used the Friend retrovirus (FV) model to demonstrate that MDSCs expand and become activated during the late phase of acute FV infection. Only the subpopulation of granulocytic MDSCs (gMDSCs) but not monocytic MDSC suppressed virus-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation and function in vitro. gMDSCs expressed arginase 1, high levels of the inhibitory ligand PD-L1 and the ATP dephosphorylating enzyme CD39 on the cell surface upon infection. All three molecules were involved in the suppressive effect of the gMDSCs in vitro. MDSC depletion experiments in FV-infected mice revealed that they restrict virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and thus affect the immune control of chronic retroviruses in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that MDSCs become activated and expand during the acute phase of retrovirus infection. Their suppressive activity on virus-specific CD8+ T cells may contribute to T cell dysfunction and the development of chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Drabczyk-Pluta
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja Werner
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Research Group Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Qibin Leng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Gennadiy Zelinskyy
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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7
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Chiodoni C, Sangaletti S, Tripodo C, Colombo MP. The ins and outs of osteopontin. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e978711. [PMID: 25949895 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.978711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous remodeling of progressing tumors demands non-physiologic production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Among them, osteopontin (OPN) has been largely involved in tumor progression and metastasis. We have recently discovered a new mechanism for OPN in the metastatic spread of mammary carcinoma providing local immunosuppression at the seeding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori ; Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori ; Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit; Human Pathology Section; Department of Health Sciences; University of Palermo ; Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori ; Milan, Italy
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8
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Damuzzo V, Pinton L, Desantis G, Solito S, Marigo I, Bronte V, Mandruzzato S. Complexity and challenges in defining myeloid-derived suppressor cells. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2015; 88:77-91. [PMID: 25504825 PMCID: PMC4405078 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Study of myeloid cells endowed with suppressive activity is an active field of research which has particular importance in cancer, in view of the negative regulatory capacity of these cells to the host's immune response. The expansion of these cells, called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), has been documented in many models of tumor-bearing mice and in patients with tumors of various origin, and their presence is associated with disease progression and reduced survival. For this reason, monitoring this type of cell expansion is of clinical importance, and flow cytometry is the technique of choice for their identification. Over the years, it has been demonstrated that MDSCs comprise a group of immature myeloid cells belonging both to monocytic and granulocytic lineages, with several stages of differentiation; their occurrence depends on tumor-derived soluble factors, which guide their expansion and determine their block of differentiation. Because of their heterogeneous composition, accurate phenotyping of these cells requires a multicolor approach, so that the expansion of all MDSC subsets can be appreciated. This review article focuses on identifying MDSCs and discusses problems associated with phenotyping circulating and tumor-associated MDSCs in humans and in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Damuzzo
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Laura Pinton
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | | | - Samantha Solito
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Section of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Verona University HospitalVerona, Italy
| | - Susanna Mandruzzato
- Section of Oncology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV—IRCCSPadova, Italy
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9
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Myeloid-derived suppressor activity is mediated by monocytic lineages maintained by continuous inhibition of extrinsic and intrinsic death pathways. Immunity 2014; 41:947-59. [PMID: 25500368 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nonresolving inflammation expands a heterogeneous population of myeloid suppressor cells capable of inhibiting T cell function. This heterogeneity has confounded the functional dissection of individual myeloid subpopulations and presents an obstacle for antitumor immunity and immunotherapy. Using genetic manipulation of cell death pathways, we found the monocytic suppressor-cell subset, but not the granulocytic subset, requires continuous c-FLIP expression to prevent caspase-8-dependent, RIPK3-independent cell death. Development of the granulocyte subset requires MCL-1-mediated control of the intrinsic mitochondrial death pathway. Monocytic suppressors tolerate the absence of MCL-1 provided cytokines increase expression of the MCL-1-related protein A1. Monocytic suppressors mediate T cell suppression, whereas their granulocytic counterparts lack suppressive function. The loss of the granulocytic subset via conditional MCL-1 deletion did not alter tumor incidence implicating the monocytic compartment as the functionally immunosuppressive subset in vivo. Thus, death pathway modulation defines the development, survival, and function of myeloid suppressor cells.
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10
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Thevenot PT, Sierra RA, Raber PL, Al-Khami AA, Trillo-Tinoco J, Zarreii P, Ochoa AC, Cui Y, Del Valle L, Rodriguez PC. The stress-response sensor chop regulates the function and accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumors. Immunity 2014; 41:389-401. [PMID: 25238096 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of malignant cells to the hostile milieu present in tumors is an important determinant of their survival and growth. However, the interaction between tumor-linked stress and antitumor immunity remains poorly characterized. Here, we show the critical role of the cellular stress sensor C/EBP-homologous protein (Chop) in the accumulation and immune inhibitory activity of tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs lacking Chop had decreased immune-regulatory functions and showed the ability to prime T cell function and induce antitumor responses. Chop expression in MDSCs was induced by tumor-linked reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and regulated by the activating-transcription factor-4. Chop-deficient MDSCs displayed reduced signaling through CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β, leading to a decreased production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and low expression of phospho-STAT3. IL-6 overexpression restored immune-suppressive activity of Chop-deficient MDSCs. These findings suggest the role of Chop in tumor-induced tolerance and the therapeutic potential of targeting Chop in MDSCs for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Thevenot
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rosa A Sierra
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patrick L Raber
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amir A Al-Khami
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jimena Trillo-Tinoco
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Parisa Zarreii
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Augusto C Ochoa
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yan Cui
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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11
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Sierra RA, Thevenot P, Raber PL, Cui Y, Parsons C, Ochoa AC, Trillo-Tinoco J, Del Valle L, Rodriguez PC. Rescue of notch-1 signaling in antigen-specific CD8+ T cells overcomes tumor-induced T-cell suppression and enhances immunotherapy in cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:800-11. [PMID: 24830414 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An impaired antitumor immunity is found in patients with cancer and represents a major obstacle in the successful development of different forms of immunotherapy. Signaling through Notch receptors regulates the differentiation and function of many cell types, including immune cells. However, the effect of Notch in CD8(+) T-cell responses in tumors remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine the role of Notch signaling in CD8(+) T cells in the induction of tumor-induced suppression. Our results using conditional knockout mice show that Notch-1 and Notch-2 were critical for the proliferation and IFNγ production of activated CD8(+) T cells and were significantly decreased in tumor-infiltrating T cells. Conditional transgenic expression of Notch-1 intracellular domain (N1IC) in antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells did not affect activation or proliferation of CD8(+) T cells, but induced a central memory phenotype and increased cytotoxicity effects and granzyme B levels. Consequently, a higher antitumor response and resistance to tumor-induced tolerance were found after adoptive transfer of N1IC-transgenic CD8(+) T cells into tumor-bearing mice. Additional results showed that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) blocked the expression of Notch-1 and Notch-2 in T cells through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. Interestingly, N1IC overexpression rendered CD8(+) T cells resistant to the tolerogenic effect induced by MDSC in vivo. Together, the results suggest the key role of Notch in the suppression of CD8(+) T-cell responses in tumors and the therapeutic potential of N1IC in antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells to reverse T-cell suppression and increase the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick L Raber
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center; Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology and
| | - Yan Cui
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center; Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology and
| | - Chris Parsons
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center; Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology and
| | - Augusto C Ochoa
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center; Departments of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | | | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center; Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology and
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12
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Cuenca AG, Cuenca AL, Winfield RD, Joiner DN, Gentile L, Delano MJ, Kelly-Scumpia KM, Scumpia PO, Matheny MK, Scarpace PJ, Vila L, Efron PA, LaFace DM, Moldawer LL. Novel role for tumor-induced expansion of myeloid-derived cells in cancer cachexia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:6111-9. [PMID: 24829407 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is associated with inflammation, increased metabolic demand, infection, cachexia, and eventually death. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) commonly expand during cancer and are associated with adaptive immune suppression and inflammatory metabolite production. We propose that cancer-induced cachexia is driven at least in part by the expansion of MDSCs. MDSC expansion in 4T1 mammary carcinoma-bearing hosts is associated with induction of a hepatic acute-phase protein response and altered host energy and fat metabolism, and eventually reduced survival to polymicrobial sepsis and endotoxemia. Similar results are also seen in mice bearing a Lewis lung carcinoma and a C26 colon adenocarcinoma. However, a similar cachexia response is not seen with equivalent growth of the 66C4 subclone of 4T1, in which MDSC expansion does not occur. Importantly, reducing MDSC numbers in 4T1-bearing animals can ameliorate some of these late responses and reduce susceptibility to inflammation-induced organ injury and death. In addition, administering MDSCs from both tumor- and nontumor-bearing mice can produce an acute-phase response. Thus, we propose a previously undescribed mechanism for the development of cancer cachexia, whereby progressive MDSC expansion contributes to changes in host protein and energy metabolism and reduced resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Cuenca
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Angela L Cuenca
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Robert D Winfield
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Dallas N Joiner
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Lori Gentile
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Matthew J Delano
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | | | - Philip O Scumpia
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Michael K Matheny
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Philip J Scarpace
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Lizette Vila
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Drake M LaFace
- Merck Research Laboratories (formerly DNAX Research Institute), Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610;
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13
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Diaz-Montero CM, Finke J, Montero AJ. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: therapeutic, predictive, and prognostic implications. Semin Oncol 2014; 41:174-84. [PMID: 24787291 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer. While there are multiple different mechanisms that cancer cells employ, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the key drivers of tumor-mediated immune evasion. MDSCs begin as myeloid cells recruited to the tumor microenvironment, where they are transformed into potent immunosuppressive cells. However, our understanding of the clinical relevance of MDSCs in cancer patients has significantly lagged behind the preclinical literature in part due to the absence of a cognate molecule present in mice, as well as to the considerable heterogeneity of MDSCs. However, if one evaluates the clinical literature through the filter of clinically robust endpoints, such as overall survival, three important phenotypes emerge: promyelocytic, monocytic, and granulocytic. Based on these studies, MDSCs have clear prognostic importance in multiple solid tumors, and emerging data support the utility of circulating MDSCs as a predictive marker for cancer immunotherapy, and even as an early leading marker for predicting clinical response to systemic chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. More recent preclinical data in immunosuppressed murine models suggest that MDSCs play an important role in tumor progression and the metastatic process that is independent of their immunosuppressive properties. Consequently, targeting MDSCs either in combination with cancer immunotherapy or independently as part of an approach to inhibit the metastatic process appears to be a very clinically promising strategy. We review different approaches to target MDSCs that could potentially be tested in future clinical trials in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marcela Diaz-Montero
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Immunology; Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jim Finke
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Immunology; Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alberto J Montero
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
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14
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Forghani P, Khorramizadeh MR, Waller EK. Silibinin inhibits accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor growth of murine breast cancer. Cancer Med 2014; 3:215-24. [PMID: 24574320 PMCID: PMC3987072 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)s increase in blood and accumulate in the tumor microenvironment of tumor-bearing animals, contributing to immune suppression in cancer. Silibinin, a natural flavonoid from the seeds of milk thistle, has been developed as an anti-inflammatory agent and supportive care agent to reduce the toxicity of cancer chemotherapy. The goals of this study were to evaluate the effect of silibinin on MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice and antitumor activity of silibinin in a mouse model of breast cancer. 4T1 luciferase-transfected mammary carcinoma cells were injected into in the mammary fat pad female BALB/c mice, and female CB17-Prkdc Scid/J mice. Silibinin treatment started on day 4 or day 14 after tumor inoculation continued every other day. Tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescent imaging (BLI) measuring total photon flux. Flow cytometry measured total leukocytes, CD11b+ Gr-1+ MDSC, and T cells in the blood and tumors of tumor-bearing mice. The effects of silibinin on 4T1 cell viability in vitro were measured by BLI. Treatment with silibinin increased overall survival in mice harboring tumors derived from the 4T1-luciferase breast cancer cell line, and reduced tumor volumes and numbers of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs in the blood and tumor, and increased the content of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Silibinin failed to inhibit tumor growth in immunocompromised severe combined immunodeficiency mice, supporting the hypothesis that anticancer effect of silibinin is immune-mediated. The antitumor activity of silibinin requires an intact host immune system and is associated with decreased accumulation of blood and tumor-associated MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Forghani P, Harris W, Giver CR, Mirshafiey A, Galipeau J, Waller EK. Properties of immature myeloid progenitors with nitric-oxide-dependent immunosuppressive activity isolated from bone marrow of tumor-free mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64837. [PMID: 23843936 PMCID: PMC3699563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from tumor-bearing mice are important negative regulators of anti-cancer immune responses, but the role for immature myeloid cells (IMCs) in non-tumor-bearing mice in the regulation of immune responses are poorly described. We studied the immune-suppressive activity of IMCs from the bone marrow (BM) of C57Bl/6 mice and the mechanism(s) by which they inhibit T-cell activation and proliferation. IMCs, isolated from BM by high-speed FACS, inhibited mitogen-induced proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells in vitro. Cell-to-cell contact of T-cells with viable IMCs was required for suppression. Neither neutralizing antibodies to TGFβ1, nor genetic disruption of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase, abrogated IMC-mediated suppressive activity. In contrast, suppression of T-cell proliferation was absent in cultures containing IMCs from interferon-γ (IFN-γ) receptor KO mice or T-cells from IFN-γ KO mice (on the C57Bl/6 background). The addition of NO inhibitors to co-cultures of T-cells and IMC significantly reduced the suppressive activity of IMCs. IFN-γ signaling between T-cells and IMCs induced paracrine Nitric Oxide (NO) release in culture, and the degree of inhibition of T-cell proliferation was proportional to NO levels. The suppressive activity of IMCs from the bone marrow of tumor-free mice was comparable with MDSCs from BALB/c bearing mice 4T1 mammary tumors. These results indicate that IMCs have a role in regulating T-cell activation and proliferation in the BM microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Communication/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Coculture Techniques
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/deficiency
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Mammary Glands, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Cells/cytology
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide/immunology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wayne Harris
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cynthia R. Giver
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Edmund K. Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Immune tolerance to tumor antigens occurs in a specialized environment of the spleen. Cell Rep 2012; 2:628-39. [PMID: 22959433 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral tolerance to tumor antigens (Ags) is a major hurdle for antitumor immunity. Draining lymph nodes are considered the privileged sites for Ag presentation to T cells and for the onset of peripheral tolerance. Here, we show that the spleen is fundamentally important for tumor-induced tolerance. Splenectomy restores lymphocyte function and induces tumor regression when coupled with immunotherapy. Splenic CD11b(+)Gr-1(int)Ly6C(hi) cells, mostly comprising proliferating CCR2(+)-inflammatory monocytes with features of myeloid progenitors, expand in the marginal zone of the spleen. Here, they alter the normal tissue cytoarchitecture and closely associate with memory CD8(+) T cells, cross-presenting tumor Ags and causing their tolerization. Because of its high proliferative potential, this myeloid cell subset is also susceptible to low-dose chemotherapy, which can be exploited as an adjuvant to passive immunotherapy. CCL2 serum levels in cancer patients are directly related to the accumulation of immature myeloid cells and are predictive for overall survival in patients who develop a multipeptide response to cancer vaccines.
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17
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Abstract
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are heterogeneous cell population consisting of myeloid progenitor cells and immature myeloid cells. These cells have essential immunoregulatory role in tumor bearing hosts and under different inflammatory conditions. No specific marker has been described to identify MDSC, which leaves their suppressor activity as their only hallmark function. In this review, we discuss the current in vivo and in vitro developed assays for elucidation of MDSC function and describe the discrepancies between murine and human MDSC in regard to their suppressor function. We also discuss antigen specificity of MDSC function and approaches to determine the effector function of these cells in vivo. Finally, we summarize different approaches currently being employed to target MDSC with the aim to enhance immune based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A. Haile
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim F. Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
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