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Mohsen-Kanson T, Hafner AL, Wdziekonski B, Takashima Y, Villageois P, Carrière A, Svensson M, Bagnis C, Chignon-Sicard B, Svensson PA, Casteilla L, Smith A, Dani C. Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into brown and white adipocytes: role of Pax3. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1459-67. [PMID: 24302443 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Identification of molecular mechanisms involved in generation of different types of adipocytes is progressing substantially in mice. However, much less is known regarding characterization of brown (BAP) and white adipocyte progenitors (WAPs) in humans, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of human adipocyte development. Here, we report a procedure to selectively derive BAP and WAPs from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Molecular characterization of APs of both phenotypes revealed that BMP4, Hox8, Hoxc9, and HoxA5 genes were specifically expressed in WAPs, whereas expression of PRDM16, Dio2, and Pax3 marked BAPs. We focused on Pax3 and we showed that expression of this transcription factor was enriched in human perirenal white adipose tissue samples expressing UCP1 and in human classical brown fat. Finally, functional experiments indicated that Pax3 was a critical player of human AP fate as its ectopic expression led to convert WAPs into brown-like APs. Together, these data support a model in which Pax3 is a new marker of human BAPs and a molecular mediator of their fate. The findings of this study could lead to new anti-obesity therapies based on the recruitment of APs and constitute a platform for investigating in vitro the developmental origins of human white and brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala Mohsen-Kanson
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR CNRS/INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Nice Cedex, France
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2
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Cuaranta-Monroy I, Simandi Z, Kolostyak Z, Doan-Xuan QM, Poliska S, Horvath A, Nagy G, Bacso Z, Nagy L. Highly efficient differentiation of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes by ascorbic acid. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:88-97. [PMID: 24858493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation and function have become the major research targets due to the increasing interest in obesity and related metabolic conditions. Although, late stages of adipogenesis have been extensively studied, the early phases remain poorly understood. Here we present that supplementing ascorbic acid (AsA) to the adipogenic differentiation cocktail enables the robust and efficient differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to mature adipocytes. Such ESC-derived adipocytes mimic the gene-expression profile of subcutaneous isolated adipocytes in vivo remarkably well, much closer than 3T3-L1 derived ones. Moreover, the differentiated cells are in a monolayer, allowing a broad range of genome-wide studies in early and late stages of adipocyte differentiation to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixchelt Cuaranta-Monroy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Simandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolostyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Quang-Minh Doan-Xuan
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Szilard Poliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Attila Horvath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary; MTA-DE "Lendulet" Immunogenomics Research Group, Hungary.
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3
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Billon N, Dani C. Developmental origins of the adipocyte lineage: new insights from genetics and genomics studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:55-66. [PMID: 21365256 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current epidemic of obesity and overweight has caused a surge of interest in the study of adipose tissue formation. Much progress has been made in defining the transcriptional networks controlling the terminal differentiation of adipocyte progenitors into mature adipocytes. However, the early steps of adipocyte development and the embryonic origin of this lineage have been largely disregarded until recently. In mammals, two functionally different types of adipose tissues coexist, which are both involved in energy balance but assume opposite functions. White adipose tissue (WAT) stores energy, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized in energy expenditure. WAT and BAT can be found as several depots located in various sites of the body. Individual fat depots exhibit different timing of appearance during development, as well as distinct functional properties, suggesting possible differences in their developmental origin. This hypothesis has recently been revisited through large-scale genomics studies and in vivo lineage tracing approaches, which are reviewed in this report. These studies have provided novel fundamental insights into adipocyte biology, pointing out distinct developmental origins for WAT and BAT, as well as for individual WAT depots. They suggest that the adipose tissue is composed of distinct mini-organs, exhibiting developmental and functional differences, as well as variable contribution to obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Billon
- Institut Biologie du Développement et Cancer, CNRS UMR 6543, Faculté de Médecine Pasteur, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 28 avenue de Valombrose, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France.
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4
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Monteiro MC, Sanyal M, Cleary ML, Sengenès C, Bouloumié A, Bouloumé A, Dani C, Billon N. PBX1: a novel stage-specific regulator of adipocyte development. Stem Cells 2012; 29:1837-48. [PMID: 21922607 DOI: 10.1002/stem.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although adipocyte terminal differentiation has been extensively studied, the early steps of adipocyte development and the embryonic origin of this lineage remain largely unknown. Here we describe a novel role for the pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor one (PBX1) in adipocyte development using both mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells. We show that Pbx1(-/-) mESCs are unable to generate adipocytes, despite normal expression of neuroectoderm and neural crest (NC) markers. Early adipocyte lineage markers are not induced in Pbx1(-/-) mESCs, suggesting that Pbx1 controls the generation and/or the maintenance of adipocyte progenitors (APs) from the NC. We further characterize the function of PBX1 in postnatal adipogenesis and show that silencing of PBX1 expression in hMADS cells reduces their proliferation by preventing their entry in the S phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, it promotes differentiation of hMADS cells into adipocytes and partially substitutes for glucocorticoids and rosiglitazone, two key proadipogenic agents. These effects involve direct modulation of PPARγ activity, most likely through regulation of the biosynthesis of PPARγ natural endogenous ligand(s). Together, our data suggest that PBX1 regulates adipocyte development at multiple levels, promoting the generation of NC-derived APs during embryogenesis, while favoring APs proliferation and preventing their commitment to the adipocyte lineage in postnatal life.
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Kim K, Doi A, Wen B, Ng K, Zhao R, Cahan P, Kim J, Aryee MJ, Ji H, Ehrlich L, Yabuuchi A, Takeuchi A, Cunniff KC, Hongguang H, Mckinney-Freeman S, Naveiras O, Yoon TJ, Irizarry RA, Jung N, Seita J, Hanna J, Murakami P, Jaenisch R, Weissleder R, Orkin SH, Weissman IL, Feinberg AP, Daley GQ. Epigenetic memory in induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2010; 467:285-90. [PMID: 20644535 PMCID: PMC3150836 DOI: 10.1038/nature09342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1624] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer and transcription-factor-based reprogramming revert adult cells to an embryonic state, and yield pluripotent stem cells that can generate all tissues. Through different mechanisms and kinetics, these two reprogramming methods reset genomic methylation, an epigenetic modification of DNA that influences gene expression, leading us to hypothesize that the resulting pluripotent stem cells might have different properties. Here we observe that low-passage induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived by factor-based reprogramming of adult murine tissues harbour residual DNA methylation signatures characteristic of their somatic tissue of origin, which favours their differentiation along lineages related to the donor cell, while restricting alternative cell fates. Such an 'epigenetic memory' of the donor tissue could be reset by differentiation and serial reprogramming, or by treatment of iPSCs with chromatin-modifying drugs. In contrast, the differentiation and methylation of nuclear-transfer-derived pluripotent stem cells were more similar to classical embryonic stem cells than were iPSCs. Our data indicate that nuclear transfer is more effective at establishing the ground state of pluripotency than factor-based reprogramming, which can leave an epigenetic memory of the tissue of origin that may influence efforts at directed differentiation for applications in disease modelling or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kim
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Doi
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - B Wen
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - K Ng
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Zhao
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P Cahan
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - MJ Aryee
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - H Ji
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L Ehrlich
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Yabuuchi
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Takeuchi
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - KC Cunniff
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - H Hongguang
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S Mckinney-Freeman
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - O Naveiras
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - TJ Yoon
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - RA Irizarry
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - N Jung
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Seita
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Hanna
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P Murakami
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - SH Orkin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - IL Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - AP Feinberg
- Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - GQ Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Billon N, Kolde R, Reimand J, Monteiro MC, Kull M, Peterson H, Tretyakov K, Adler P, Wdziekonski B, Vilo J, Dani C. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of mouse embryonic stem cell adipogenesis unravels new processes of adipocyte development. Genome Biol 2010; 11:R80. [PMID: 20678241 PMCID: PMC2945782 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2010-11-8-r80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current epidemic of obesity has caused a surge of interest in the study of adipose tissue formation. While major progress has been made in defining the molecular networks that control adipocyte terminal differentiation, the early steps of adipocyte development and the embryonic origin of this lineage remain largely unknown. Results Here we performed genome-wide analysis of gene expression during adipogenesis of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We then pursued comprehensive bioinformatic analyses, including de novo functional annotation and curation of the generated data within the context of biological pathways, to uncover novel biological functions associated with the early steps of adipocyte development. By combining in-depth gene regulation studies and in silico analysis of transcription factor binding site enrichment, we also provide insights into the transcriptional networks that might govern these early steps. Conclusions This study supports several biological findings: firstly, adipocyte development in mouse ESCs is coupled to blood vessel morphogenesis and neural development, just as it is during mouse development. Secondly, the early steps of adipocyte formation involve major changes in signaling and transcriptional networks. A large proportion of the transcription factors that we uncovered in mouse ESCs are also expressed in the mouse embryonic mesenchyme and in adipose tissues, demonstrating the power of our approach to probe for genes associated with early developmental processes on a genome-wide scale. Finally, we reveal a plethora of novel candidate genes for adipocyte development and present a unique resource that can be further explored in functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Billon
- Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Institut Biologie du Développement et Cancer, CNRS UMR 6543, Faculté de Médecine Pasteur, 28 avenue de Valombrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
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