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Li M, Zhou S, Lv H, Cai M, Wan X, Lu H, Shui R, Yang W. FOXC1 and SOX10 in Estrogen Receptor-Low Positive/HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: Potential Biomarkers for the Basal-like Phenotype Prediction. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:461-470. [PMID: 37406289 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0370-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Breast cancer with low (1%-10%) estrogen receptor (ER) expression (ER-low positive) constitutes a small portion of invasive breast cancers, and the treatment strategy for these tumors remains debatable. OBJECTIVE.— To characterize the features and outcomes of ER-low positive patients, and clarify the clinical significance of FOXC1 and SOX10 expression in ER-low positive/HER2-negative tumors. DESIGN.— Among 9082 patients diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer, the clinicopathologic features of those with ER-low positive breast cancer were characterized. FOXC1 and SOX10 mRNA levels were analyzed in ER-low positive/HER2-negative cases from public data sets. The expression of FOXC1 and SOX10 in ER-low positive/HER2-negative tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS.— The clinicopathologic study of ER-low positive tumors indicated more aggressive characteristics compared with those tumors with ER >10%, while they had more overlapping features with ER-negative tumors irrespective of the HER2 status. The intrinsic molecular subtype of ER-low positive cases with high FOXC1 and SOX10 mRNA expression was more likely to be nonluminal. Among the ER-low positive/HER2-negative tumors, 56.67% (51 of 90) and 36.67% (33 of 90) were positive for FOXC1 and SOX10, respectively, which was significantly positively correlated with CK5/6 expression. In addition, the survival analysis demonstrated no significant difference between patients who received and who did not receive endocrine therapy. CONCLUSIONS.— ER-low positive breast cancers biologically overlap more with ER-negative tumors. ER-low positive/HER2-negative cases demonstrate a high rate of FOXC1 or SOX10 expression, and these cases might be better categorized as a basal-like phenotype/subtype. FOXC1 and SOX10 testing may be used for the intrinsic phenotype prediction for ER-low positive/HER2-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Shuling Zhou
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Hong Lv
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Mengyuan Cai
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Hongfen Lu
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Ruohong Shui
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
| | - Wentao Yang
- From the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
- the Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Li, Zhou, Lv, Cai, Wan, Lu, Shui, Yang)
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Chung C, Yeung VTY, Wong KCW. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers with therapeutic targets in breast cancer: A 2022 update on current developments, evidence, and recommendations. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023; 29:1343-1360. [PMID: 35971313 DOI: 10.1177/10781552221119797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and validate the recent and emerging data for prognostic and predictive biomarkers with therapeutic targets in breast cancer. DATA SOURCES A literature search from January 2015 to March 2022 was performed using the key terms breast cancer, clinical practice guidelines, gene mutations, genomic assay, immune cancer therapy, predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers, and targeted therapies. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Relevant clinical trials, meta-analyses, seminal articles, and published evidence- and consensus-based clinical practice guidelines in the English language were identified, reviewed and evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS Breast cancer is a biologically heterogeneous disease, leading to wide variability in treatment responses and survival outcomes. Biomarkers for breast cancer are evolving from traditional biomarkers in immunohistochemistry (IHC) such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) to genetic biomarkers with therapeutic implications (e.g. breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 [BRCA1/2], estrogen receptor α [ESR1] gene mutation, HER2 gene mutation, microsatellite instability [MSI], phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit 3Cα [PIK3CA] gene mutation, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase [NTRK] gene mutation). In addition, current data are most robust for biomarkers in immunotherapy (e.g. programmed cell death receptor ligand-1 [PD-L1], microsatellite instability-high [MSI-H] or deficient mismatch repair [dMMR]). Oncotype DX assay remains the best validated gene expression assay that is both predictive and prognostic whereas MammaPrint is prognostic for genomic risk. CONCLUSIONS Biomarker-driven therapies have the potential to confer greater therapeutic advantages than standard-of-care therapies. The purported survival benefits associated with biomarker-driven therapies should be weighed against their potential harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist West Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vanessa T Y Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kenneth C W Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Zhang Y, Pan H, Yu C, Liu R, Xing B, Jia B, He J, Jia X, Feng X, Zhang Q, Dang W, Hu Z, Deng X, Guo P, Liu Z, Pan W. Phytoestrogen-derived multifunctional ligands for targeted therapy of breast cancer. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100827. [PMID: 37588993 PMCID: PMC10425851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-targeted delivery systems have been widely used for breast tumor drug delivery. Estrogen receptors are considered to be significant drug delivery target receptors due to their overexpression in a variety of tumor cells. However, targeted ligands have a significant impact on the safety and effectiveness of active delivery systems, limiting the clinical transformation of nanoparticles. Phytoestrogens have shown good biosafety characteristics and some affinity with the estrogen receptor. In the present study, molecular docking was used to select tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) among phytoestrogens as a target ligand to be used in nanodelivery systems with some modifications. Modified Tan IIA (Tan-NH2) showed a good biosafety profile and demonstrated tumor-targeting, anti-tumor and anti-tumor metastasis effects. Moreover, the ligand was utilized with the anti-tumor drug Dox-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles via chemical modification to generate a nanocomposite Tan-Dox-MSN. Tan-Dox-MSN had a uniform particle size, good dispersibility and high drug loading capacity. Validation experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that it also had a better targeting ability, anti-tumor effect and lower toxicity in normal organs. These results supported the idea that phytoestrogens with high affinity for the estrogen receptor could improve the therapeutic efficacy of nano-targeted delivery systems in breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hao Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Changxiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiachen He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaojiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenli Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiuping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Pan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Weisan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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4
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Musheyev D, Miller E, Birnbaum N, Miller E, Erblich S, Schuck A, Alayev A. Inhibition of ERK signaling for treatment of ERRα positive TNBC. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283047. [PMID: 37163498 PMCID: PMC10171695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in particular, is an aggressive and highly metastatic type of breast cancer that does not respond to established targeted therapies and is associated with poor prognosis and worse survival. Previous studies identified a subgroup of triple-negative breast cancer patients with high expression of estrogen related receptor alpha (ERRα) that has better prognosis when treated with tamoxifen. We therefore set out to identify common targets of tamoxifen and ERRα in the context of TNBC using phosphoproteomic analysis. In this study, we discovered that phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) is regulated by tamoxifen as well as ERRα. Additionally, we showed that inhibition of MAPK signaling together with the use of a selective ERRα inverse agonist, XCT-790, leads to a significant upregulation of apoptosis and paves way for the therapeutic use of MAPK inhibitors for treatment of ERRα expressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Musheyev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook Southampton Hospital, Southampton, New York, United States of America
| | - Esther Miller
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Natania Birnbaum
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elisheva Miller
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shoshana Erblich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Schuck
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anya Alayev
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
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5
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Herchenhorn D, Rezende LM, Thuler LC, Maia RC, Medina M, Costa MADD. Quimioterapia Neoadjuvante em Câncer de Mama Localmente Avançado: Análise Imunohistoquímica é Preditiva da Resposta à Quimioterapia. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CANCEROLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2000v46n2.3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A quimioterapia é tratamento padrão inicial para câncer de mama localmente avançado. A correlação entre a resposta à quimioterapia neoadjuvante e fatores prognósticos pode ser útil nesta doença. De setembro 1996 a dezembro de 1997, 25 pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama localmente avançado (UICC - estádio IIIA, IIIB e inflamatório (1), foram submetidas a 4 ciclos de quimioterapia neoadjuvante com doxorrubucina 60mg/m² e ciclotosfamida 600mg/m² a cada 21 dias, mastectomia à Patey e tratamento adjuvante. A reposta clínica e patológica foi correlacionada com marcadores obtidos através de análise imunohistoquímica da biópsia do tumor. Os marcadores analisados foram; receptores hormonais, p53, HER/neu (cerb-B2), MIB, grau nuclear, PCNA. A resposta clínica objetiva foi de 74%. Vinte e um de 23 pacientes (91%) analisadas foram submetidas à cirurgia. Quatro pacientes não apresentavam doença microscópica na mama (19%). Destas pacientes, 2 também não apresentavam doença em linfonodos axilares, enquanto 4 apresentavam doença residual na mama de até 2 cm (19%). Todos os marcadores apresentaram positividade em percentuais elevados. A positividade do p53 e do MIB apresentou correlação com a resposta ao tratamento quimioterápico neoadjuvante, porém não alcançou significância estatística. Os resultados iniciais sugerem uma relação entre a positividade do p53 com a resposta clínica e com a resposta patológica, relação esta que não é demonstrada em estudos anteriores. A presença do MIB positivo também esteve associada com uma resposta patológica favorável.
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6
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Moody L, Xu GB, Pan YX, Chen H. Genome-wide cross-cancer analysis illustrates the critical role of bimodal miRNA in patient survival and drug responses to PI3K inhibitors. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010109. [PMID: 35639779 PMCID: PMC9187341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of cancer means many tumorigenic genes are only aberrantly expressed in a subset of patients and thus follow a bimodal distribution, having two modes of expression within a single population. Traditional statistical techniques that compare sample means between cancer patients and healthy controls fail to detect bimodally expressed genes. We utilize a mixture modeling approach to identify bimodal microRNA (miRNA) across cancers, find consistent sources of heterogeneity, and identify potential oncogenic miRNA that may be used to guide personalized therapies. Pathway analysis was conducted using target genes of the bimodal miRNA to identify potential functional implications in cancer. In vivo overexpression experiments were conducted to elucidate the clinical importance of bimodal miRNA in chemotherapy treatments. In nine types of cancer, tumors consistently displayed greater bimodality than normal tissue. Specifically, in liver and lung cancers, high expression of miR-105 and miR-767 was indicative of poor prognosis. Functional pathway analysis identified target genes of miR-105 and miR-767 enriched in the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, and analysis of over 200 cancer drugs in vitro showed that drugs targeting the same pathway had greater efficacy in cell lines with high miR-105 and miR-767 levels. Overexpression of the two miRNA facilitated response to PI3K inhibitor treatment. We demonstrate that while cancer is marked by considerable genetic heterogeneity, there is between-cancer concordance regarding the particular miRNA that are more variable. Bimodal miRNA are ideal biomarkers that can be used to stratify patients for prognosis and drug response in certain types of cancer. Bimodal genes can be defined as those having two modes of expression within the same population. A variety of statistical methodologies have been employed to assess bimodal gene expression, but current methods and their applications have been limited. Given the advances in next-generation sequencing as well as the extensive regulatory role of miRNA, assessing bimodality in miRNA-seq data can greatly broaden our understanding of factors underlying tumor progression. The goal of the current study was to utilize a novel mixture modeling approach to identify bimodal miRNA and then demonstrate their importance in cancer by evaluating their ability to predict overall survival and drug response. Our results showed that high levels of bimodal miRNA expression was characteristic of cancer. Additionally, several bimodal miRNA were common to multiple cancer types, suggesting that certain miRNA consistently account for tumor heterogeneity and may be involved in general oncogenic processes. Our study points to the potential of bimodal miRNA to facilitate precise prognostic evaluation and effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moody
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guanying Bianca Xu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hong Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Ro E, Vu V, Wei Y. Ambient air emissions of endocrine-disrupting metals and the incidence of hormone receptor- and HER2-dependent female breast cancer in USA. Med Oncol 2022; 39:69. [PMID: 35478061 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Limited evidence exists on the relationship between exposure to endocrine-disrupting metals in ambient air and hormone receptor- and HER2-dependent breast cancer. This study investigates the association between ambient air emissions of endocrine-disrupting metals and the incidence of female breast cancer of different receptor status. County-level data from the US national datasets were analyzed for the association between emissions of various metals including arsenic, cadmium, chromium VI, lead, and mercury, and the annual age-adjusted incidence of hormone receptor-dependent breast cancer for 1990-2016 and HER2-dependent breast cancer for 2010-2016 using adjusted linear regression models. Lead emissions showed the strongest association among the metals examined with the incidence of different receptor status breast cancers, including ER-positive, ER-negative, PR-negative, HER2-negative, and Triple-negative breast cancers, with the adjusted β ranging from 917.26 for ER-negative to 3182.37 for HER2-negative breast cancer. Arsenic and mercury showed significant associations with the incidence of ER-positive, ER-negative, PR-positive, and PR-negative breast cancers. However, cadmium emissions were only significantly associated with ER-negative breast cancer. Moreover, chromium was not associated with any subtypes of breast cancer. Among all of the metals, only lead and mercury emissions showed significant associations with HER2-negative and Triple-negative breast cancer incidence. The results from this study suggest that increased exposure to endocrine-disrupting metals, especially lead, in ambient air could be associated with an increased incidence of female breast cancers with various receptor status in the US. Prospective studies are warranted to further explore this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ro
- MD Program, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Vivian Vu
- MD Program, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine at Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Yudan Wei
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1501 Mercer University Dr., Macon, GA, 31207, USA.
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8
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Sturgill EG, Misch A, Lachs R, Jones CC, Schlauch D, Jones SF, Shastry M, Yardley DA, Burris HA, Spigel DR, Hamilton EP, McKenzie AJ. Next-Generation Sequencing of Patients With Breast Cancer in Community Oncology Clinics. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 5:1297-1311. [PMID: 34994634 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular biomarkers informing disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions in patients with breast cancer are being uncovered by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. In this study, we survey how NGS is used for patients with breast cancer in real-world settings with a focus on physician behaviors and sequencing results. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with breast cancer who received NGS testing from commercial vendors as part of standard of care from 2014 to 2019. A total of 2,635 NGS reports from 2,316 unique breast cancer patients were assessed. Hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 statuses were abstracted from patient medical records. Comparative gene amplification and mutation frequencies were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and Lin's concordance statistics. RESULTS The number of physicians ordering NGS tests for patients with breast cancer increased more than six-fold from 2014 to 2019. Tissue- and plasma-based tests were ordered roughly equally by 2019, with plasma-based testing ordered most frequently in hormone receptor-positive subtypes. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer were most likely to receive NGS testing. Gene amplifications including ERBB2 were detected less frequently in our real-world data set as compared to previous genomic landscape studies, whereas the opposite was true for gene mutations including ESR1. Pathogenic mutations in the PI3K pathway (38.6%) and DNA damage repair pathway (11.0%) were frequently reported. Alterations were also reported across other cellular pathways. CONCLUSION Overall, we found that an increasing number of physicians in community settings are adopting NGS in the care of patients with breast cancer. Discrepancies between our real-world NGS data and previous genomic landscape studies are likely owed to the prevalence of plasma-based testing in community oncology clinics, as the reference data were from tissue-based NGS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Misch
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN.,Genospace, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca Lachs
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN.,Genospace, Boston, MA
| | | | - Dan Schlauch
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN.,Genospace, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Denise A Yardley
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN.,Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | - Howard A Burris
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN.,Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | - David R Spigel
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN.,Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | - Erika P Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN.,Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
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9
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Ravaioli S, Maltoni R, Pasculli B, Parrella P, Giudetti AM, Vergara D, Tumedei MM, Pirini F, Bravaccini S. Androgen receptor in breast cancer: The "5W" questions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:977331. [PMID: 36111296 PMCID: PMC9468319 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.977331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in 60-70% of breast cancers (BCs) and the availability of anti-AR compounds, currently used for treating prostate cancer, paves the way to tackle specifically AR-positive BC patients. The prognostic and predictive role of AR in BC is a matter of debate, since the results from clinical trials are not striking, probably due to both technical and biological reasons. In this review, we aimed to highlight WHAT is AR, describing its structure and functions, WHAT to test and HOW to detect AR, WHERE AR should be tested (on primary tumor or metastasis) and WHY studying this fascinating hormone receptor, exploring and debating on its prognostic and predictive role. We considered AR and its ratio with other hormone receptors, analyzing also studies including patients with ductal carcinoma in situ and with early and advanced BC, as well. We also emphasized the effects that both other hormone receptors and the newly emerging androgen-inducible non coding RNAs may have on AR function in BC pathology and the putative implementation in the clinical setting. Moreover, we pointed out the latest results by clinical trials and we speculated about the use of anti-AR therapies in BC clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ravaioli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sara Ravaioli,
| | - Roberta Maltoni
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Barbara Pasculli
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Parrella
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Pirini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
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10
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Mo JA. Safety and Effectiveness of F-18 Fluoroestradiol Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e271. [PMID: 34725978 PMCID: PMC8560320 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a pooled analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of F-18 fluoroestradiol (F-18 FES) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) assessing estrogen receptor expression of patients who have recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. METHODS Two investigators and seven related experts (from the departments of nuclear medicine, hematological oncology, surgery, and evidence-based medicine) evaluated the effectiveness of F-18 FES PET/CT according to diagnostic accuracy and correlation with immunohistochemistry tests via systematic literature review, and safety according to test-related side effects. The present study was conducted in accordance with the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines (SIGN), and the Cochrane, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. The SIGN tools were used for quality assessment. RESULTS Of the 512 articles retrieved in the literature search, 8 were deemed to be eligible for inclusion. Results of the evaluation indicated that the F-18 FES PET/CT test was safe because patients who reported pain in the injection site in the analyzed articles are most likely to be caused by mechanical injury from needle injection not by administration of radioactive materials. Assessment of diagnostic accuracy based on data from seven studies revealed a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. CONCLUSION As such, the test was evaluated to be a safe and effective and, considering the anatomical site where only invasive tests are possible, the test was deemed to have high clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Mo
- Department of New Health Technology Assessment Research, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Ősz Á, Lánczky A, Győrffy B. Survival analysis in breast cancer using proteomic data from four independent datasets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16787. [PMID: 34408238 PMCID: PMC8373859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer clinical treatment selection is based on the immunohistochemical determination of four protein biomarkers: ESR1, PGR, HER2, and MKI67. Our aim was to correlate immunohistochemical results to proteome-level technologies in measuring the expression of these markers. We also aimed to integrate available proteome-level breast cancer datasets to identify and validate new prognostic biomarker candidates. We searched studies involving breast cancer patient cohorts with published survival and proteomic information. Immunohistochemistry and proteomic technologies were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were generated to validate discriminative power. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were calculated to assess prognostic power. False Discovery Rate was computed to correct for multiple hypothesis testing. We established a database integrating protein expression data and survival information from four independent cohorts for 1229 breast cancer patients. In all four studies combined, a total of 7342 unique proteins were identified, and 1417 of these were identified in at least three datasets. ESR1, PGR, and HER2 protein expression levels determined by RPPA or LC-MS/MS methods showed a significant correlation with the levels determined by immunohistochemistry (p < 0.0001). PGR and ESR1 levels showed a moderate correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.17, p = 0.0399). An additional panel of candidate proteins, including apoptosis-related proteins (BCL2,), adhesion markers (CDH1, CLDN3, CLDN7) and basal markers (cytokeratins), were validated as prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we expanded our previously established web tool designed to validate survival-associated biomarkers by including the proteomic datasets analyzed in this study ( https://kmplot.com/ ). In summary, large proteomic studies now provide sufficient data enabling the validation and ranking of potential protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Ősz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Lánczky
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
- TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 7-9, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
- TTK Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary.
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12
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Lawal B, Kuo YC, Wu ATH, Huang HS. BC-N102 suppress breast cancer tumorigenesis by interfering with cell cycle regulatory proteins and hormonal signaling, and induction of time-course arrest of cell cycle at G1/G0 phase. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3224-3238. [PMID: 34421361 PMCID: PMC8375223 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of breast cancer progression and invasion, often involve alteration of hormonal signaling, and upregulation and/or activation of signal transduction pathways that input to cell cycle regulation. Herein, we describe a rationally designed first-in-class novel small molecule inhibitor for targeting oncogenic and hormonal signaling in ER-positive breast cancer. BC-N102 treatment exhibits dose-dependent cytotoxic effects against ER+ breast cancer cell lines. BC-N102 exhibited time course- and dose-dependent cell cycle arrest via downregulation of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated (p)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-Akt, CDK2, and CDK4 while increasing p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) signaling in breast cancer cell line. In addition, we found that BC-N102 suppressed breast cancer tumorigenesis in vivo and prolonged the survival of animals. Our results suggest that the proper application of BC-N102 may be a beneficial chemotherapeutic strategy for ER+ breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Lawal
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei11031, Taiwan
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung40402, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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13
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Clark NM, Martinez LM, Murdock S, deLigio JT, Olex AL, Effi C, Dozmorov MG, Bos PD. Regulatory T Cells Support Breast Cancer Progression by Opposing IFN-γ-Dependent Functional Reprogramming of Myeloid Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108482. [PMID: 33296659 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cell infiltration of solid tumors often correlates with poor prognosis, but their tumor-suppressive function lacks mechanistic understanding. Through a combination of transgenic mice, cell fate mapping, adoptive transfer, and co-injection strategies, we demonstrate that Treg cell ablation-dependent anti-tumor effects in murine breast cancer require intratumoral recruitment of CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes, which primarily differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and lead to reprogramming of their function in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Furthermore, transcriptomic signatures from murine TAMs in Treg cell-ablated conditions correlate with increased overall survival in human breast cancer. Our studies highlight the strong myeloid dependency of breast cancer and provide the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies based on manipulation of the IFN-γ signaling pathway in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Clark
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Integrative Life Sciences Graduate Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Leandro M Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Steven Murdock
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - James T deLigio
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Amy L Olex
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Comfort Effi
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mikhail G Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Paula D Bos
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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14
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Jayedi A, Emadi A, Khan TA, Abdolshahi A, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary Fiber and Survival in Women with Breast Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1570-1580. [PMID: 32795218 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1803928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association of dietary fiber consumption with mortality risk in women with breast cancer. A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science till March 2020 to find cohort studies investigating the association of dietary fiber consumption with mortality risk in women with breast cancer. A random-effects model was used to combine study-specific results. The quality of evidence was rated by NutriGrade score. Seven prospective cohort studies with 1,426 cases of all-cause mortality and 679 cases of breast cancer-specific mortality among 11,295 patients with breast cancer were included. The relative risks for the highest compared to the lowest category of dietary fiber consumption were 0.63 (95%CI: 0.52, 0.77; I2 = 0%, n = 5) for all-cause mortality, and 0.72 (95%CI: 0.54, 0.96; I2 = 0%, n = 5) for breast cancer-specific mortality. There was a strong linear association between fiber intake and all-cause mortality risk. The quality of evidence was rated moderate for all-cause mortality, and low for breast cancer-specific mortality. Higher dietary fiber consumption may improve survival in patients with breast cancer. More research is needed to confirm the present results, considering types of fiber consumed and tumor estrogen receptor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Emadi
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Abdolshahi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Tahiri A, Tekpli X, Satheesh SV, DeWijn R, Lüders T, Bukholm IR, Hurtado A, Geisler J, Kristensen VN. Loss of progesterone receptor is associated with distinct tyrosine kinase profiles in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:585-598. [PMID: 32710281 PMCID: PMC7497693 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess protein tyrosine kinase profiles in primary breast cancer samples in correlation with the distinct hormone and growth receptor profiles ER, PR, and HER2. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Pamchip® microarrays were used to measure the phosphorylation of 144 tyrosine kinase substrates in 29 ER+ breast cancer samples and cell lines MCF7, BT474 and ZR75-1. mRNA expression data from the METABRIC cohort and publicly available PR chip-sequencing data were used for validation purposes, together with RT-PCR. RESULTS In ER+ breast tumors and cell lines, we observed that the loss of PR expression correlated to higher kinase activity in samples and cell lines that were HER2-. A number of kinases, representing mostly proteins within the PI3K/AKT pathway, were identified as responsible for the differential phosphorylation between PR- and PR+ in ER+/HER2- tumors. We used the METABRIC cohort to analyze mRNA expression from 977 ER+/HER2- breast cancers. Twenty four kinase-encoding genes were identified as differentially expressed between PR+ and PR-, dividing ER+/HER2- samples in two distinct clusters with significant differences in survival (p < 0.05). Four kinase genes, LCK, FRK, FGFR4, and MST1R, were identified as potential direct targets of PR. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the PR status has a profound effect on tyrosine kinases, especially for FGFR4 and LCK genes, in ER+/HER2- breast cancer patients. The influence of these genes on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may potentially lead to novel drug targets for ER+/PR- breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andliena Tahiri
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xavier Tekpli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Rik DeWijn
- PamGene International B.V., 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Lüders
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida R Bukholm
- Helgelandssykehuset HF and Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Antoni Hurtado
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi I Sunyer Research Center (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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16
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Sughayer MA, Alhassoon S, Sughayer HM. Comparison of Estrogen receptors, Progesterone receptors and HER2-neu immunohistochemistry results in breast cancer with those of Oncotype Dx. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 47:151556. [PMID: 32592992 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oncotype Dx (ODx) recurrence score (RS) is used in early breast cancer to guide the use of adjuvant therapy. In addition to RS the test produces results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of Estrogen receptors (ER), Progesterone receptors (PgR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2-neu). Our goal was to determine the correlation between immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR testing of ER, PgR and HER2-neu and to correlate the results of ODx RS with tumors' grade, age and PgR status. 113 patients with ER+, HER2-neu- breast cancers that underwent ODx testing were analyzed for receptors correlation and concordance rates by the 2 methods. A total of 104 patients had ER+/PgR+ tumors and 9 patients had ER+/PgR- tumors by IHC, the average RS were 17.5 ± 9.1 and 31.2 ± 8.7 (P < 0.001) respectively. The Spearman correlation coefficient between IHC and ODx results were 0.5 (95% CI 0.34-0.62) for ER and 0.78 (95% CI 0.7-0.84) for PgR. The concordance rate between IHC and ODx was 98.2% for ER, 89.4%.for PgR and 99.1% for HER2-neu. Most of the discordant cases (9 out of 13) were low positive (1-10%) by IHC and negative by RT-PCR. In addition higher tumor grade was associated with a higher ODx RS. Our data show that the IHC results were highly concordant with RT-PCR for ER, PgR and Her2-neu. In addition low positive (1-10%) ER/PgR might indicate a real negative status. Our study shows that ER+/PgR- breast cancers are associated with a significantly higher ODx RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher A Sughayer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Sallam Alhassoon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haytham M Sughayer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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17
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Lv M, Mao Y, Song Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang X, Nie G, Wang H. Clinical Features and Survival of Single Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study of 531,605 Patients. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:e589-e599. [PMID: 32565109 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prognosis of single hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (estrogen receptor [ER] positive and progesterone receptor [PR] negative, and ER-PR+) compared to double HR+ (ER+PR+) and double HR- (ER-PR-) tumors. METHODS We included 531,605 cases of invasive breast cancer between 1990 and 2012 from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for study and classified cases into 4 phenotypes according to expression of ER and PR: ER+PR+, ER+PR-, ER-PR+, and ER-PR-. RESULTS Overall, 66,091 ER+PR- tumors and 9320 ER-PR+ tumors were identified. The clinical characteristics of the ER+PR- group were similar to those of the double HR+ group, while those of the ER-PR+ and double HR- groups were similar. Overall survival of patients with single HR+ tumors was intermediate between that of double HR+ and double HR- tumors. However, we observed no differences in disease-specific survival between ER-PR+ and ER-PR- patients. In multivariate analysis, outcomes were similar. Relative to the double HR+ patient group, risk of death in the ER+PR- group was higher (hazard ratio, 1.422, 95% confidence interval, 1.394-1.452). However, risk of death was comparable between ER-PR+ and ER-PR- patients (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.08). Multivariate Cox proportional analysis showed that survival times of patients in the younger age bracket (< 60 years), those positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and patients with tumor stage I-III were longer in the ER-PR+ group. CONCLUSION Disease-specific survival of single HR+ tumor cases was longer than that of double HR- tumors but poorer than double HR+ tumors. However, differences in disease-specific survival were not significant between the ER-PR+ and ER-PR- groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lv
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Yan Mao
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yuhua Song
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Gang Nie
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China.
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18
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Balayla J, Tulandi T, Buckett W, Holzer H, Steiner N, Shrem G, Volodarsky-Perel A. Outcomes of ovarian stimulation and fertility preservation in breast cancer patients with different hormonal receptor profiles. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:913-921. [PMID: 32144524 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate fertility preservation outcomes in breast cancer women with different hormonal receptor profiles before oncological treatment. METHODS The study population included women with a diagnosis of breast cancer who underwent fertility preservation from 2009 until 2018 at a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. Stimulation parameters and fertility preservation outcomes were compared among the following receptor-specific profile groups: (1) estrogen receptor positive (ER+) versus estrogen receptor negative (ER-), (2) triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) versus estrogen and progesterone receptor positive (ER+/PR+), and (3) TNBC versus non-TNBC. Primary outcome was the total number of mature oocytes. Secondary outcomes included the number of retrieved oocytes, the peak estradiol level, and the number of follicles > 14 mm on the final oocyte maturation trigger day. RESULTS A total of 155 cycles were included in the final analysis. These were divided into the exposure groups of ER+ (n = 97), ER- (n = 58), ER+/PR+ (n = 85), TNBC (n = 57), and non-TNBC (n = 98). Cycle outcomes revealed similar number of retrieved oocytes and follicles > 14 mm on the trigger day. Women with TNBC had significantly lower number of mature oocytes compared with those with ER + PR+ (7 (5-11) versus 9 (7-15); p = 0.02) and non-TNBC (7 (5-11) versus 9 (7-16); p = 0.01) status. Triple-negative breast cancer profile was associated with a significant reduction in the chance of developing over 10 mature oocytes (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.19-0.92). CONCLUSION Among the different hormonal receptor profiles in breast cancer, the TNBC subtype has a negative effect on fertility preservation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Balayla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Togas Tulandi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - William Buckett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hananel Holzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Naama Steiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Guy Shrem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alexander Volodarsky-Perel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Blvd., Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada. .,Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
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19
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Han B, Yang Y, Chen J, Tang H, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Li Y, Li Y, Luan X, Li Q, Ren Z, Zhou X, Cong D, Liu Z, Meng Q, Sun F, Pei J. Preparation, Characterization, and Pharmacokinetic Study of a Novel Long-Acting Targeted Paclitaxel Liposome with Antitumor Activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:553-571. [PMID: 32158208 PMCID: PMC6986409 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s228715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. Chemotherapy to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells is considered to be the most important therapeutic strategy. The development of long-circulating PEG and targeting liposomes is a major advance in drug delivery. However, the techniques used in liposome preparation mainly involve conventional liposomes, which have a short half-life, high concentrations in the liver and spleen reticuloendothelial system, and no active targeting. Methods Four kinds of paclitaxel liposomes were prepared and characterized by various analytical techniques. The long-term targeting effect of liposomes was verified by fluorescence detection methods in vivo and in vitro. Pharmacokinetic and acute toxicity tests were conducted in ICR mice to evaluate the safety of different paclitaxel preparations. The antitumor activity of ES-SSL-PTX was investigated in detail using in vitro and in vivo human breast cancer MCF-7 cell models. Results ER-targeting liposomes had a particle size of 137.93±1.22 nm and an acceptable encapsulation efficiency of 88.07±1.25%. The liposome preparation is best stored at 4°C, and is stable for up to 48 hrs. Cytotoxicity test on MCF-7 cells demonstrated the stronger cytotoxic activity of liposomes in comparison to free paclitaxel. We used the near-infrared fluorescence imaging technique to confirm that ES-SSL-PTX was effectively targeted and could quickly and specifically identify the tumor site. Pharmacokinetics and acute toxicity in vivo experiments were carried out. The results showed that ES-SSL-PTX could significantly prolong the half-life of the drug, increase its circulation time in vivo, improve its bioavailability and reduce its toxicity and side effects. ES-SSL-PTX can significantly improve the pharmacokinetic properties of paclitaxel, avoid allergic reaction of the original solvent, increase antitumor efficacy and reduce drug toxicity and side effects. Conclusion ES-SSL-PTX has great potential for improving the treatment of breast cancer, thereby improving patient prognosis and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health Service, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglin Chen
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Tang
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Luan
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Li
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Ren
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhou
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengli Cong
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Meng
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Pei
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, People's Republic of China
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Savage P, Yu N, Dumitra S, Meterissian S. The effect of the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition on breast cancer staging and prognostication. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019; 45:1817-1820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Chen F, Zhang Z, Pu F. Role of stanniocalcin-1 in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3946-3953. [PMID: 31579413 PMCID: PMC6757304 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease consisting of five disease subtypes with distinct histological characteristics, clinical behaviors and prognostic features. Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a secreted glycoprotein hormone that has been demonstrated to regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Mammalian STC1 is expressed in various tissues and is implicated in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. In addition, growing evidence has suggested that STC1 serves an oncogenic role in a number of different types of tumor. However, the role of STC1 in breast cancer is complex, considering that some studies have shown that it exerts an oncogenic role, whereas other studies have demonstrated the opposite. The aim of the present review article is to evaluate the currently available data on mammalian STC1 and discuss its potential roles in each subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of The Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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22
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An indirect ELISA-inspired dual-channel fluorescent immunoassay based on MPA-capped CdTe/ZnS QDs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5437-5444. [PMID: 31300858 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To meet the need for high-throughput immunoassays, many multiplex fluorescent immunoassays have been proposed. Most of them need different kinds of fluorescent label indicators during the test. In this work, a novel indirect ELISA-inspired dual-channel fluorescent immunoassay based on 3-mercaptopropionic acid capped CdTe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) was constructed. The ELISA wells were coated with two kinds of antigen-QD complex. When the primary antibodies were present in a sample, they mediated the binding of a secondary antibody-DNA-gold nanoparticle complex to the antigen-QD complex. Then the gold nanoparticles quenched the fluorescence of the QDs and a decrease in fluorescence intensity was observed. Thus, the amount of primary antibody could be estimated from the decrease of fluorescence intensity. Owing to the wide absorption range and the relatively narrow emission band of the QDs, the dual-channel fluorescent immunoassay system could work at the same excitation wavelength and the emission wavelengths of each channel had no interference. As a result, two different kinds of primary antibody could be detected at the same time in one ELISA well, which simplified the operation and greatly improved the efficiency. Besides, only one type of secondary antibody needs to be added to the prepared microtiter plates, which further simplified the operation during the detection procedure. This dual-channel fluorescent immunoassay system will provide new insights into high-throughput immunodetection. Graphical abstract.
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Santiesteban DY, Hallam KA, Yarmoska SK, Emelianov SY. Color-coded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets for multiplexed ultrasound and Photoacoustic imaging. NANO RESEARCH 2019; 12:741-747. [PMID: 31572565 PMCID: PMC6768563 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-019-2279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Laser-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets are an emerging class of phase change, dual-contrast agents that can be utilized in ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Through the ability to differentiate subpopulations of nanodroplets via laser activation at different wavelengths of near-infrared light, optically-triggered color-coded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets present themselves as an attractive tool for multiplexed ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. In particular, laser-activated droplets can be used to provide quantitative spatiotemporal information regarding distinct biological targets, allowing for their potential use in a wide range of diagnos tic and therapeutic applications. In the work presented, laser-activated color-coded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets are synthesized to selectively respond to laser irradiation at corresponding wavelengths. The dynamic ultrasound and photoacoustic signals produced by laser-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets are evaluated in situ prior to implementation in a murine model. In vivo, these particles are used to distinguish unique particle trafficking mechanisms and are shown to provide ultrasound and photoacoustic contrast for up to 72 hours within lymphatics. Overall, the conducted studies show that laser-activated color-coded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets are a promising agent for multiplexed ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Y. Santiesteban
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Kristina A. Hallam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Steven K. Yarmoska
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Stanislav Y. Emelianov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Corresponding author,
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24
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Allott L, Miranda C, Hayes A, Raynaud F, Cawthorne C, Smith G. Synthesis of a benzoxazinthione derivative of tanaproget and pharmacological evaluation for PET imaging of PR expression. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:1. [PMID: 31659497 PMCID: PMC6328429 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-018-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histological evaluation of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in breast cancer lesions from biopsy tissue can stratify patients to receive endocrine therapy. Furthermore, PR expression can predict response to selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Current immunohistochemical approaches to PR detection are limited by sampling error associated with biopsy and lack of standardised protocols; positron emission tomography (PET) using receptor targeted radiopharmaceuticals to provide quantitative, whole-body imaging may overcome these limitations. PR expression has been successfully imaged with PET in the clinical setting, however investigation into new radioligands with improved pharmacokinetics and metabolic stability is desirable. RESULTS We report the synthesis of a focused library of non-steroidal PR ligands evaluated for use as PET radioligands. A lead candidate ([18F]2) with low nanomolar activity was selected and radiolabelled with a radiochemical yield of 2.29 ± 2.31% (decay-corrected), radiochemical purity (RCP) > 95% and a molar activity of 2.5 ± 1.6 GBq/μmol. Cell uptake studies showed a significant and specific accumulation of [18F]2 in T47D (PR++) breast cancer cell compared to MDA-MB-231 (PR-) control; however, in vivo evaluation was confounded by rapid defluorination of the radioligand. In vitro metabolite analysis of 2 in MLM confirmed defluorination and oxidative metabolism of the thiocarbamate to oxocarbamate moiety by mass spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS A route to access [18F]2 was developed to allow in vitro and in vivo evaluation, albeit with low radiochemical yield and modest molar activity. [18F]2 demonstrated selective uptake in PR++ T47D cells which could be blocked in a dose dependent manner with progesterone. However, [18F]2 showed poor in vivo metabolic stability with rapid defluorination within the time frame of the imaging protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Allott
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Miranda
- PET Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX UK
| | - Angela Hayes
- Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, UK
| | - Florence Raynaud
- Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, UK
| | - Christopher Cawthorne
- PET Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX UK
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology/MoSAIC- Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graham Smith
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, UK
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25
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Moody L, Mantha S, Chen H, Pan YX. Computational methods to identify bimodal gene expression and facilitate personalized treatment in cancer patients. J Biomed Inform 2019; 100S:100001. [PMID: 34384574 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjbinx.2018.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Standard methods for detecting cancer-associated genes rely on comparison of sample means between cancer patients and healthy controls. While such methods have successfully identified several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, they neglect to account for heterogeneity within the cancer population. Genetic mutations, translocations, and amplifications are often inconsistent across tumors, and instead they often affect smaller subsets of patients. This concept gives rise to the idea of bimodally expressed genes, or genes that display two modes of expression within one population. Analysis of bimodal gene expression has been explored via a variety of techniques including test statistics and clustering. In this review, we summarize the methodologies used to quantify bimodal gene expression and address the utility of these genes in patient stratification and specialized therapeutics in breast and lung cancer. Finally we discuss the limitations and future directions for bimodal genes in the era of high-throughput sequencing and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moody
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Suparna Mantha
- Carle Physician Group, Carle Cancer Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61802, United States.
| | - Hong Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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26
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Paoletti C, Schiavon G, Dolce EM, Darga EP, Carr TH, Geradts J, Hoch M, Klinowska T, Lindemann J, Marshall G, Morgan S, Patel P, Rowlands V, Sathiyayogan N, Aung K, Hamilton E, Patel M, Armstrong A, Jhaveri K, Im SA, Iqbal N, Butt F, Dive C, Harrington EA, Barrett JC, Baird R, Hayes DF. Circulating Biomarkers and Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancers: Correlative Results from AZD9496 Oral SERD Phase I Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5860-5872. [PMID: 30082476 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Common resistance mechanisms to endocrine therapy (ET) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancers include, among others, ER loss and acquired activating mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the ER gene (ESR1LBDm). ESR1 mutational mediated resistance may be overcome by selective ER degraders (SERD). During the first-in-human study of oral SERD AZD9496, early changes in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were explored as potential noninvasive tools, alongside paired tumor biopsies, to assess pharmacodynamics and early efficacy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CTC were enumerated/phenotyped for ER and Ki67 using CellSearch in serial blood draws. ctDNA was assessed for the most common ESR1LBDm by droplet digital PCR (BioRad). RESULTS Before starting AZD9496, 11 of 43 (25%) patients had ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL whole blood (WB), none of whom underwent reduction to <5 CTC/7.5 mL WB on C1D15. Five of 11 patients had baseline CTC-ER+, two of whom had CTC-ER+ reduction. CTC-Ki67 status did not change appreciably. Patients with ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL WB before treatment had worse progression-free survival (PFS) than patients with <5 CTC (P = 0.0003). Fourteen of 45 (31%) patients had ESR1LBDm + ctDNA at baseline, five of whom had ≥2 unique mutations. Baseline ESR1LBDm status was not prognostic. Patients with persistently elevated CTC and/or ESR1LBDm + ctDNA at C1D15 had worse PFS than patients who did not (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS Elevated CTC at baseline was a strong prognostic factor in this cohort. Early on-treatment changes were observed in CTC-ER+ and ESR1LBDm + ctDNA, but not in overall CTC number. Integrating multiple biomarkers in prospective trials may improve outcome prediction and ET resistance mechanisms' identification over a single biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Paoletti
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Gaia Schiavon
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emily M Dolce
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth P Darga
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - T Hedley Carr
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Geradts
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Hoch
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gayle Marshall
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shethah Morgan
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Parul Patel
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Rowlands
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kimberly Aung
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Erika Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Manish Patel
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Anne Armstrong
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Komal Jhaveri
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nadia Iqbal
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fouziah Butt
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Carl Barrett
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Baird
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F Hayes
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Paquette M, Turcotte E. Measuring Estrogen Receptor Functionality using Progesterone Receptor PET Imaging: Rising to the (Estradiol) Challenge! J Nucl Med 2018; 60:jnumed.118.220921. [PMID: 30464039 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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28
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Dökümcü K, Simonian M, Farahani RM. miR4673 improves fitness profile of neoplastic cells by induction of autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1068. [PMID: 30341280 PMCID: PMC6195512 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance of neoplasms is mainly attributed to gradual evolution of mutational profile1. Here, we demonstrate a microRNA-mediated mechanism that effectively improves fitness of SKBR3 mammary carcinoma cells by cytoplasmic reprogramming. The reprogramming is triggered by endogenous miR4673 transcribed from notch-1 locus. The miRNA downregulates cdk-18, a cyclin-dependent kinase that regulates M-G1 transition in cycling cells2,3. Suppression of cdk-18 triggers mitophagy and autophagy. Due to high autophagic flux, oestrogen receptor-1+/progesterone receptor+/p53+ (Esr1+/Pr+/p53+) SKBR3 cells are coerced into an Esr1-/Prlow/p53-profile. Increased mitophagy in combination with proteasomal degradation of p53 transiently arrests the cycling cells at G0 and enhances radio-resistance of the SKBR3 population. These findings highlight the impact on cancer therapy of non-encoded neoplastic resistance, arising as a consequence of miRNA-mediated autophagic reprogramming that uncouples phenotype and genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kağan Dökümcü
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mary Simonian
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Ramin M Farahani
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Greene
- Ben May Institute, University of Chicago, Illinois
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30
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Kuroda H, Muroi N, Hayashi M, Harada O, Hoshi K, Fukuma E, Abe A, Kubota K, Imai Y. Oestrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-positive phenotype of invasive breast carcinoma in Japan: re-evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Breast Cancer 2018; 26:249-254. [PMID: 30066060 PMCID: PMC6394606 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-018-0898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background The existence of progesterone receptor (PgR) expression in oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast carcinoma is controversial. Here, we re-evaluated ER-negative/PgR-positive (ER−/PgR+) carcinoma cases by immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Materials and methods We selected patients who underwent surgery for primary breast carcinoma from our databases at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital and Kameda General Hospital. Among the 9844 patients, the largest series in Japan, 27 (0.3%) were initially diagnosed as ER−/PgR+ breast carcinomas and we re-evaluated by IHC. Results The re-evaluated IHC showed that of the 27 patients with the initial results of ER−/PgR+, 12 were ER+/PgR+, 8 were ER−/PgR−, and 7 were ER−/PgR+. ER was negative in 12 of 27 patients (44.4%), and PgR was positive in 8 of 27 patients (29.6%). In our seven re-evaluated and confirmed as ER−/PgR+ cases, the staining proportions of tumor cells were 0% in ER and 1–69% (average 15.8%) in PgR. The average staining proportion of PgR in the re-evaluated ER−/PgR+ phenotype was lower than the initial diagnosis. Histological grading was as follows: grade I, one case; grade II, two cases; grade III, four cases. There were two lymph-node-positive cases. Conclusions The ER−/PgR+ phenotype was confirmed after re-evaluation of ER and PgR assessment by a different pathologist. We recommend that pathologists discuss with clinicians, or re-test and re-evaluate ER/PgR expression, particularly in low-grade carcinoma and with a high staining proportion of PgR in the ER−/PgR+ phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kuroda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Muroi
- Department of Surgery I, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | | | - Oi Harada
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Kazuei Hoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Eisuke Fukuma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kameda Medical Center Hospital, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Akihito Abe
- Department of Surgery II, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kubota
- Department of Surgery II, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Yasuo Imai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
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31
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Bronte G, Bravaccini S, Ravaioli S, Puccetti M, Scarpi E, Andreis D, Tumedei MM, Sarti S, Cecconetto L, Pietri E, De Simone V, Maltoni R, Bonafè M, Amadori D, Rocca A. Androgen Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer: What Differences Between Primary Tumor and Metastases? Transl Oncol 2018; 11:950-956. [PMID: 29890379 PMCID: PMC6036224 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies have shown that the androgen receptor (AR) pathway plays an important role in some breast cancer subtypes. However few data are present on the concordance between AR expression in primary tumors and metastases. We investigated AR expression by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 164 primary tumors and 83 metastases, to explore its distribution in the different tumor subtypes and its concordance between the two sample types and according to sampling time. AR was more highly expressed in luminal A and B than HER2-positive and triple negative primary tumors. A similar distribution was found in metastases, and the concordance of AR expression between primary tumors and metastases was greater than 60%. No association between sampling time and AR expression was observed. We found a good concordance of AR expression between primary tumor and metastasis, but the variability remains high between the two types of specimens, regardless of the variation in sampling time. For this reason, if used for treatment decisions, AR evaluation should be repeated in each patient whenever a new biopsy is performed, as commonly done for the other breast cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bronte
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Sara Ravaioli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreis
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Tumedei
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Samanta Sarti
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cecconetto
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pietri
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Valeria De Simone
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Roberta Maltoni
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dino Amadori
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Andrea Rocca
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
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East EG, Gabbeart M, Roberts E, Zhao L, Jorns JM. A rapid triage protocol to optimize cold ischemic time for breast resection specimens. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 34:94-97. [PMID: 29661737 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged time from specimen excision to adequate formalin exposure, or cold ischemic time (CIT), negatively impacts estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2 biomarker studies routinely performed on breast specimens. Current guidelines recommend CIT of ≤1 h. Since formalin penetrates resections slowly, optimal fixation requires incision. We evaluated the efficacy of a rapid triage protocol developed to optimize CIT. We identified 2821 specimens: 650 (23.0%) excisional biopsies (EB), 1051 (37.3%) lumpectomies, and 1120 (39.7%) mastectomies. CIT was available for 2362 (83.7%), with 1845 (78.1%) ≤1 h and 2323 (98.3%) ≤4 h. IHC was performed in 533/2821 (18.9%) and was associated with lumpectomy and mastectomy procedures when compared to EB. However, IHC was also performed on 11.1% (72/650) of EB specimens despite EB being significantly less likely to have CIT recorded (468/650; 72% for EB vs. 1894/2171; 87.2% for lumpectomies/mastectomies). Our study highlights the need for rapid triage of breast resections with known or suspected malignant diagnoses and outlines our procedure for optimizing CIT. Additionally, we advocate treating ALL breast resections as having the potential of being malignant and requiring biomarker studies for which optimal CIT is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen G East
- University of Michigan, Department of Pathology, USA
| | | | - Emily Roberts
- University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, USA
| | - Julie M Jorns
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pathology, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave., Lab Bldg., Lower Level, L53, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Fossati R, Alexanian A, Liberati A, Marsoni S, Monferroni N, Nicolucci A, Parazzini F, Giganti M, Piffanelli A, Ghezzi P, Magnanini S, Rinaldini M, Berardi F, Di Biagio G, Testore F, Tavoni N, Palmieri D, Schittulli F, Pedicini T, Fumagalli M, Gritti G, Braga M, Marini G, Zamboni A, Cosentino D, Epifani C, Scognamiglio G, Perroni D, Peradotto F, Saba V, Indelli M, Santini A, Isa L, Scapaticci R, Aitini E, Gavazzini G, Smerieri F, Lomonaco I, Nascimben O, Locatelli E, Monti M, Ghislandi E, Gottardi O, Majno M, Poma C, Pluchinotta A, Armaroli L, Confalonieri C, Viola P, Sisto R, Buda F, Plaino R, Galletto L, Trolli B, Biasio M, Rolfo A, Vaudano G, Giolito M, Scoletta G, Ambrosini G, Busana L, Molteni M, Richetti A. Breast Cancer Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors: Associations with Patients' Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 77:472-8. [DOI: 10.1177/030089169107700605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1095 patients with operable breast cancer and en-rolled in a randomized clinical trial were analysed for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptor content of their primary tumor, and the relationships between steroid receptor status and several epidemiologic characteristics were studied. The proportion of ER+ and median ER levels increased with age: compared to women younger than 40, those aged 66 or more were approximately three times more likely to have an ER+ tumor (OR = 3.0, 95% C.I. = 1.6–5.7). This difference tended to be more marked after comparison between patients with ER > 100 fmol/mg protein and ER- within the same age groups: OR = 7.04, 95 % C.I. = 2.89–17.12. No association emerged between age and PgR. ER status and concentrations were independent of menopausal status after adjustment for age, whereas the proportion of PgR+ and PgR levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal patients of the same age. The distribution of ER and PgR profiles was similar in relation to family history of breast cancer, reproductive events and other selected epidemiologic characteristics of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Fossati
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - A.A. Alexanian
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - A. Liberati
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - S. Marsoni
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - N. Monferroni
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - A. Nicolucci
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - F. Parazzini
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - M. Giganti
- Cattedra Medicina Nucleare, Istituto Radiologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara
| | - A. Piffanelli
- Cattedra Medicina Nucleare, Istituto Radiologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara
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Robertson JF, Cannon PM, Nicholson RI, Blamey RW. Oestrogen and Progesterone Receptors as Prognostic Variables in Hormonally Treated Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 11:29-35. [PMID: 8740639 DOI: 10.1177/172460089601100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study directly compares ER status and PgR status of primary tumour tissue measured by enzyme immunoassays for prediction of response to therapy and survival in 99 women with breast cancer treated by hormone therapy. ER and PgR status alone both correlated with response to therapy (p=0.002 and p=0.02 respectively), time to progression (p<0.0001 and p=0.003 respectively) and survival (p<0.001 and p=0.01 respectively). 67% of tumours ER(+)/PgR(+) showed responsive or static disease compared to 25% of tumours ER(-)/PgR(-). Tumours of mixed phenotype (i.e. ER(+)/PgR(-) and ER(-)/PgR(+)) showed an intermediate response rate of 46%. Similar findings were observed when tumour phenotype was compared with overall survival. Combining ER and PgR allows more accurate prediction of clinical outcome but does not aid in selecting individual patients for endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Robertson
- Department of Surgery, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Post AEM, Smid M, Nagelkerke A, Martens JWM, Bussink J, Sweep FCGJ, Span PN. Interferon-Stimulated Genes Are Involved in Cross-resistance to Radiotherapy in Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3397-3408. [PMID: 29661777 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Treatment resistance is the main cause of adverse disease outcome in breast cancer patients. Here, we aimed to investigate common features in tamoxifen-resistant and radioresistant breast cancer, as tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells are cross-resistant to irradiation in vitroExperimental Design: RNA sequencing of tamoxifen-resistant and radioresistant breast cancer cells was performed and validated by quantitative PCR. Pathways were further investigated in vitro and in breast cancer patient cohorts to establish their relation with treatment resistance.Results: Both tamoxifen-resistant and radioresistant breast cancer cells had increased expression levels of genes involved in type I IFN signaling compared with nonresistant cells. IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) were induced in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner after tamoxifen treatment and irradiation. Tamoxifen treatment also led to ssDNA presence in the cytoplasm, which is known to induce expression of ISGs, a phenomenon that has already been described for irradiation. Moreover, in a breast cancer patient cohort, high expression levels of ISGs were found in the primary tumor in around half of the patients. This was associated with a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) expression signature, although the ISGs were also expressed by the tumor cells themselves. Importantly, the expression of ISGs correlated with outcome in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen or radiotherapy, but not in systemically untreated patients or chemotherapy-treated patients.Conclusions: Our data indicate that expression of ISGs by tumor cells is involved in acquired, treatment-induced resistance to tamoxifen and radiotherapy, and might play a role in intrinsic resistance via interaction with TILs. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3397-408. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie E M Post
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Bussink
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fred C G J Sweep
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul N Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Campani D, De Negri F, Fabbri R, Martini L, Giani C, Squartini F, Sarnelli R. Estrogen, Progesterone Receptors and Proliferating Activity Evaluated by Immunocytochemistry in Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 6:144-50. [PMID: 1791308 DOI: 10.1177/172460089100600302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The correlation of the most important prognostic indicators was evaluated in 75 breast cancer cases. Estrogen-progesterone receptors and proliferating activity were analyzed by immunocytochemical methods (ER-ICA, PR-ICA, Ki-67). Both steroid receptors were inversely correlated with the proliferating activity (ER-ICA vs Ki-67, p < 0.003; PR-ICA vs. Ki-67, p < 0.0001). No correlation was found between steroid receptors or cell kinetics and tumor size or lymph node status. These findings confirm the relevance of biochemical and kinetic parameters as independent markers in breast cancer and suggest a routine use of the simple immunocytochemical methods in assessing the biological behavior of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Campani
- Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università di Pisa, Italy
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Pont F, Montforts FP. Functionalization of chlorins towards potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photophysical properties of chlorins predestine this type of hydroporphyrins for photodynamic therapy and other diagnostic/therapeutic applications. Artificial chlorins 3a and 4a derived from the red blood pigment heme form a platform for functionalizations with respect towards potentially biologically active photosensitizers and fluorescense markers. Chlorin estrogen derivatives 8a, 8b might be useful as sensitizers which bind selectively to (tumor) cell tissue containing estrogen receptors, [Formula: see text] breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Pont
- CSL Behring GmbH, Emil-von-Behring Str.76, D-35041 Marburg, Germany
| | - Franz-Peter Montforts
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, FB 2, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. NW2/C, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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Epigenetics and MicroRNAs in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020459. [PMID: 29401683 PMCID: PMC5855681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to reprogram the transcriptional circuitry by remodeling the three-dimensional structure of the genome is exploited by cancer cells to promote tumorigenesis. This reprogramming occurs because of hereditable chromatin chemical modifications and the consequent formation of RNA-protein-DNA complexes that represent the principal actors of the epigenetic phenomena. In this regard, the deregulation of a transcribed non-coding RNA may be both cause and consequence of a cancer-related epigenetic alteration. This review summarizes recent findings that implicate microRNAs in the aberrant epigenetic regulation of cancer cells.
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Borderline ER-Positive Primary Breast Cancer Gains No Significant Survival Benefit From Endocrine Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Rastelli F, Crispino S. Factors Predictive of Response to Hormone Therapy in Breast Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 94:370-83. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Approximately half of metastatic breast cancers expressing estrogen and/or progesterone receptors responds to endocrine therapy, and postoperative adjuvant endocrine therapy provides about a 50% reduction in the development of recurrent disease. A number of publications have focused on the correlation of biomarkers, in particular estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER-2/neu status as well as different gene profiles, multigene assays and genetic polymorphisms with response to hormone therapy. The purpose of this article is to review the literature to identify biological markers predictive of response to tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. Methods A computerized literature search through Medline and ASCO abstract databases was performed, applying the words “endocrine therapy” and “predictive markers” and each of the following: early and metastatic breast cancer, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, HER2/neu, multigene assays, polymorphisms. The last search was updated in June 2007. In the examined literature, biological markers were retrospectively assayed to establish whether such variables were predictive for endocrine therapy efficacy. Results The role of estrogen receptor content as a predictor of response to endocrine treatment was confirmed: benefit from endocrine treatment was directly proportional to estrogen receptor levels. Progesterone receptor status was only a strong time-dependent prognostic value, and it has not yet been validated as a predictive factor of tamoxifen efficacy. Retrospective clinical data from upfront and sequential studies of aromatase inhibitors were discordant regarding the degree of benefit of these drugs over tamoxifen according to progesterone receptor status. HER-2 positivity was associated with a significantly greater risk of endocrine therapy failure in metastatic and neoadjuvant settings. The current generation of genomic assays for tamoxifen sensitivity all contain a combination of prognostic information that it is difficult to integrate into clinical practice. Conclusions Available clinical data are inconclusive to support preferential use of aromatase inhibitors over tamoxifen in progesterone-receptor-negative and HER-2-positive tumors, but it was also clear that lower estrogen receptors, lower progesterone receptors, and positive HER-2 are associated with lower responsiveness to any type of endocrine therapy. Tumors overexpressing HER-2 are endocrine resistant and they require the blockage of the HER-2 pathway in addition to estrogen deprivation. Recent molecular studies have shown that endocrine responsiveness is to a large extent influenced by estrogen-receptor-related pathways. In the future, the key to the correct tailoring of hormone therapy will probably be the ability to subtype estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Crispino
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Dipartimento Oncologico USL7, Siena, Italy
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IGF1R signaling drives antiestrogen resistance through PAK2/PIX activation in luminal breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:1869-1884. [PMID: 29353882 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiestrogen resistance in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer is associated with increased expression and activity of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). Here, a kinome siRNA screen has identified 10 regulators of IGF1R-mediated antiestrogen with clinical significance. These include the tamoxifen resistance suppressors BMPR1B, CDK10, CDK5, EIF2AK1, and MAP2K5, and the tamoxifen resistance inducers CHEK1, PAK2, RPS6KC1, TTK, and TXK. The p21-activated kinase 2, PAK2, is the strongest resistance inducer. Silencing of the tamoxifen resistance inducing genes, particularly PAK2, attenuates IGF1R-mediated resistance to tamoxifen and fulvestrant. High expression of PAK2 in ER+ metastatic breast cancer patients is correlated with unfavorable outcome after first-line tamoxifen monotherapy. Phospho-proteomics has defined PAK2 and the PAK-interacting exchange factors PIXα/β as downstream targets of IGF1R signaling, which are independent from PI3K/ATK and MAPK/ERK pathways. PAK2 and PIXα/β modulate IGF1R signaling-driven cell scattering. Targeting PIXα/β entirely mimics the effect of PAK2 silencing on antiestrogen re-sensitization. These data indicate PAK2/PIX as an effector pathway in IGF1R-mediated antiestrogen resistance.
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Pasculli B, Barbano R, Parrella P. Epigenetics of breast cancer: Biology and clinical implication in the era of precision medicine. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:22-35. [PMID: 29339244 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, mortality from breast cancer has declined in western countries as a consequence of a more widespread screening resulting in earlier detection, as well as an improved molecular classification and advances in adjuvant treatment. Nevertheless, approximately one third of breast cancer patients will develop distant metastases and eventually die for the disease. There is now a compelling body of evidence suggesting that epigenetic modifications comprising DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling play a pivotal role since the early stages of breast cancerogenesis. In addition, recently, increasing emphasis is being placed on the property of ncRNAs to finely control gene expression at multiple levels by interacting with a wide array of molecules such that they might be designated as epigenetic modifiers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the involvement of epigenetic modifications in breast cancer, and provide an overview of the significant association of epigenetic traits with the breast cancer clinicopathological features, emphasizing the potentiality of epigenetic marks to become biomarkers in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pasculli
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Raffaela Barbano
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Paola Parrella
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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Akram M, Iqbal M, Daniyal M, Khan AU. Awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer. Biol Res 2017; 50:33. [PMID: 28969709 PMCID: PMC5625777 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a worldwide public health dilemma and is currently the most common tumour in the globe. Awareness of breast cancer, public attentiveness, and advancement in breast imaging has made a positive impact on recognition and screening of breast cancer. Breast cancer is life-threatening disease in females and the leading cause of mortality among women population. For the previous two decades, studies related to the breast cancer has guided to astonishing advancement in our understanding of the breast cancer, resulting in further proficient treatments. Amongst all the malignant diseases, breast cancer is considered as one of the leading cause of death in post menopausal women accounting for 23% of all cancer deaths. It is a global issue now, but still it is diagnosed in their advanced stages due to the negligence of women regarding the self inspection and clinical examination of the breast. This review addresses anatomy of the breast, risk factors, epidemiology of breast cancer, pathogenesis of breast cancer, stages of breast cancer, diagnostic investigations and treatment including chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapies, hormone replacement therapy, radiation therapy, complementary therapies, gene therapy and stem-cell therapy etc for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Old Campus, Allam Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqbal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Main Campus, Sharea Madinat al-Hikmah, Mohammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi, 74600 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Main Campus, Sharea Madinat al-Hikmah, Mohammad Bin Qasim Avenue, Karachi, 74600 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Asmat Ullah Khan
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy & Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, RibeirãoPreto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, AV. Bandeirantes, 3900, RibeirãoPreto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, School of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Hajira Road, Shamsabad, Rawalakot, 12350 Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan
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Subramani R, Lakshmanaswamy R. Pregnancy and Breast Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 151:81-111. [PMID: 29096898 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer among women worldwide. The majority of breast cancers are sporadic and the etiology is not well understood. Several factors have been attributed to altering the risk of breast cancer. A full-term pregnancy is a crucial factor in altering the risk. Early full-term pregnancy has been shown to reduce the lifetime risk of breast cancer, while a later first full-term pregnancy increases breast cancer risk. Epidemiological and experimental data demonstrate that spontaneous or induced abortions do not significantly alter the risk of breast cancer. In this study, we briefly discuss the different types and stages of breast cancer, various risk factors, and potential mechanisms involved in early full-term pregnancy-induced protection against breast cancer. Understanding how early full-term pregnancy induces protection against breast cancer will help design innovative preventive and therapeutic strategies. This understanding can also help in the development of molecular biomarkers that can be of tremendous help in predicting the risk of breast cancer in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.
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L. H. Weischenfeldt K, Kirkegaard T, Rasmussen BB, Giobbie-Hurder A, Jensen MB, Ejlertsen B, Lykkesfeldt AE. A high level of estrogen-stimulated proteins selects breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy with good prognosis. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1161-1167. [PMID: 28488912 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1324211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant endocrine therapy has significantly improved survival of estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancer patients, but around 20% relapse within 10 years. High expression of ER-stimulated proteins like progesterone receptor (PR), Bcl-2 and insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) is a marker for estrogen-driven cell growth. Therefore, patients with high tumor levels of these proteins may have particularly good prognosis following adjuvant endocrine therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Archival tumor tissue was available from 1323 of 1396 Danish breast cancer patients enrolled in BIG 1-98, a randomized phase-III clinical trial comparing adjuvant letrozole, tamoxifen or a sequence of the two drugs. Immunohistochemical staining for ER, HER-2, PR, Bcl-2 and IGF-IR was performed and determined by Allred scoring (ER, PR and Bcl-2) or HercepTest (HER-2 and IGF-IR). RESULTS Data on all five markers were available from 969 patients with ER-positive, HER-2-negative tumors. These patients were classified in ER activity groups based on the level of PR, Bcl-2 and IGF-IR. High ER activity profile was found in 102 patients (10.5%) and compared with the remaining patients, univariate and multivariate analysis revealed HR (95% CI) and p values for disease-free survival (DFS) of 2.00 (1.20-3.22), 0.008 and 1.70 (1.01-2.84), 0.04 and for the overall survival (OS) of 2.33 (1.19-4.57), 0.01 and 1.90 (0.97-3.79), 0.06, respectively. The high ER activity profile did not disclose difference in DFS or OS according to treatment with tamoxifen or letrozole (p = .06 and .09, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Stratifying endocrine-treated patients in ER activity profile groups disclosed that patient with high ER activity profile (10.5%) had significantly longer DFS and OS, and the profile was an independent marker for DFS. High ER activity is a marker for estrogen-driven tumor growth. We suggest further analyses to disclose whether the ER activity profile or other markers associated with estrogen-driven growth may be used to identify ER-positive high-risk breast cancer patients who can be spared adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tove Kirkegaard
- Breast Cancer Group, Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | | | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maj-Britt Jensen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne E. Lykkesfeldt
- Breast Cancer Group, Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ray B, Liu W, Fenyö D. Adaptive Multiview Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Algorithm for Integration of Multimodal Biomedical Data. Cancer Inform 2017; 16:1176935117725727. [PMID: 28835735 PMCID: PMC5564898 DOI: 10.1177/1176935117725727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The amounts and types of available multimodal tumor data are rapidly increasing, and their integration is critical for fully understanding the underlying cancer biology and personalizing treatment. However, the development of methods for effectively integrating multimodal data in a principled manner is lagging behind our ability to generate the data. In this article, we introduce an extension to a multiview nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm (NNMF) for dimensionality reduction and integration of heterogeneous data types and compare the predictive modeling performance of the method on unimodal and multimodal data. We also present a comparative evaluation of our novel multiview approach and current data integration methods. Our work provides an efficient method to extend an existing dimensionality reduction method. We report rigorous evaluation of the method on large-scale quantitative protein and phosphoprotein tumor data from the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) acquired using state-of-the-art liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Exome sequencing and RNA-Seq data were also available from The Cancer Genome Atlas for the same tumors. For unimodal data, in case of breast cancer, transcript levels were most predictive of estrogen and progesterone receptor status and copy number variation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. For ovarian and colon cancers, phosphoprotein and protein levels were most predictive of tumor grade and stage and residual tumor, respectively. When multiview NNMF was applied to multimodal data to predict outcomes, the improvement in performance is not overall statistically significant beyond unimodal data, suggesting that proteomics data may contain more predictive information regarding tumor phenotypes than transcript levels, probably due to the fact that proteins are the functional gene products and therefore a more direct measurement of the functional state of the tumor. Here, we have applied our proposed approach to multimodal molecular data for tumors, but it is generally applicable to dimensionality reduction and joint analysis of any type of multimodal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisakha Ray
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Asadi P, Khodarahmi G, Farrokhpour H, Hassanzadeh F, Saghaei L. Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical and docking study of the novel analogues based on hybridization of common pharmacophores as potential anti-breast cancer agents. Res Pharm Sci 2017; 12:233-240. [PMID: 28626481 PMCID: PMC5465832 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.207204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to identify some new potential leads as anti-breast cancer agents, novel hybrid compounds were designed by molecular hybridization approach. These derivatives were structurally derived from hybrid benzofuran-imidazole and quinazolinone derivatives, which had shown good cytotoxicity against the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Since aromatase enzyme (CYP19) is highly expressed in the MCF-7 cell line, the binding of these novel hybrid compounds to aromatase was investigated using the docking method. In this study, due to the positive charge on the imidazole ring of the designed ligands and also, the presence of heme iron in the active site of the enzyme, it was decided to optimize the ligand inside the protein to obtain more realistic atomic charges for it. Quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) method was used to obtain more accurate atomic charges of ligand for docking calculations by considering the polarization effects of CYP19 on ligands. It was observed that the refitted charge improved the binding energy of the docked compounds. Also, the results showed that these novel hybrid compounds were adopted properly within the aromatase binding site, thereby suggesting that they could be potential inhibitors of aromatase. The main binding modes in these complexes were through hydrophobic and H bond interactions showing agreement with the basic physicochemical features of known anti aromatase compounds. Finally, the complex structures obtained from the docking study were used for single point QM/MM calculations to obtain more accurate electronic interaction energy, considering the electronic polarization of the ligand by its protein environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Ghadamali Khodarahmi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hossein Farrokhpour
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Effi AB, Aman NA, Koui BS, Koffi KD, Traoré ZC, Kouyate M. Immunohistochemical determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: relationship with clinicopathologic factors in 302 patients in Ivory Coast. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:115. [PMID: 28173783 PMCID: PMC5297122 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and a hormone-dependent disease. The detection of the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) is crucial for prognostic evaluation and treatment choice of breast cancer for clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of the hormonal receptors, their distribution, and their correlation with clinicopathologic prognostic parameters for the improvement of the patients' treatment in Ivory Coast. METHODS The 20-month prospective study included 302 patients who were diagnosed with primary invasive breast carcinomas at the Central Laboratory in Abidjan. The paraffin-embedded blocks of these patients were examined by immunohistochemistry to assess the ER and PgR status. The one-way analysis of variance and Chi-Square Test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The mean age of patients at diagnosis was 48 ± 11 years. The majority of the women were premenopausal in 180 cases (59.9%). The predominant histologic type was invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC NOS) in 247 cases (82%). Tumor grade 2 was more frequent in 166 cases (55%). Among 302 patients, 169 (56%) and 154 (49%) expressed ER and PgR respectively. The ER+PgR+ group with 131 cases (43%) was predominant, followed by 116 cases (38%) of ER-PgR-. The expression of ER and PgR was correlated with the age of the patients (p = 0.026) and the tumor grade (p = 0.0004). However, there was not statistically significant correlation between ER/PgR and the menopausal status of patients (p = 0.149), nor between ER/PgR and the histologic type (p = 0.523). CONCLUSION The ER+PgR+ and ER-PgR- are the most common subgroups in women with breast cancer in Ivory Coast. The hormonal receptor status is associated with the age and the histologic grade in breast cancer patients. The systematic use of hormonal treatment should be reevaluated. A further study should be done to investigate the reasons of high rate of ER-PgR- in breast cancer patients in Ivory Coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahoua Benjamin Effi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, BP V 18, Bouake, Ivory Coast
| | - Nguiessan Alphonse Aman
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, BP V 18, Bouake, Ivory Coast.
| | - Baumaney Sylvanus Koui
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Treichville Teaching Hospital, 01 BP V 03, Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast
| | - Kouadio Donatien Koffi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, BP V 18, Bouake, Ivory Coast
| | - Zie Cheick Traoré
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Alassane Ouattara University, BP V 18, Bouake, Ivory Coast
| | - Mohamed Kouyate
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Treichville Teaching Hospital, 01 BP V 03, Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast
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Chen YR, Tsou B, Hu S, Ma H, Liu X, Yen Y, Ann DK. Autophagy induction causes a synthetic lethal sensitization to ribonucleotide reductase inhibition in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1984-99. [PMID: 26675256 PMCID: PMC4811511 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy can promote cellular survival or death depending on the cellular context and its extent. We hypothesized that autophagy induction would synergize with a therapeutic agent targeting the autophagic cargo. To test this hypothesis, we treated breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells with tamoxifen (TMX), which induces autophagy through an estrogen receptor-independent pathway. Induction of autophagy reduced cellular levels of RRM2, a subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RR), the rate limiting enzyme in the production of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs). This autophagy inducer was combined with COH29, an inhibitor developed in our laboratory that targets RR through a novel mechanism. The combination therapy showed synergistic effects on cytotoxicity in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft model. This cytotoxicity was blocked by knockdown of the autophagy protein ATG5 or addition of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor. The combined therapy also induced dNTP depletion and massive genomic instability, leading us to hypothesize that combining autophagy induction with RR inhibition can lead to mitotic catastrophe in rapidly dividing cells. We propose that this TMX + COH29 combined therapy may have clinical benefit. Furthermore, autophagy induction may be a general mechanism for augmenting the effects of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ru Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Brittany Tsou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shuya Hu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Huimin Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiyong Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Evaluation of three commercial progesterone receptor assays in a single tamoxifen-treated breast cancer cohort. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1492-1500. [PMID: 27562489 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status are routinely assessed using immunohistochemistry assays to assist in patient prognosis and clinical management. Three commonly utilized autostainer vendors-Dako, Leica and Ventana-provide ready-to-use progesterone receptor assays; however, they have never been directly compared in a single breast cancer cohort. We looked at three immunohistochemical progesterone receptor assays, in addition to original ligand-binding assay results, in a single retrospective, tamoxifen-treated breast cancer cohort to investigate inter- and intra-observer agreement, concordance, prognostic ability and measures of test performance. All immunohistochemical assays utilized the manufacturer's specified protocols. Five-year disease-free survival was the endpoint of interest, and multivariate models were adjusted for lymph node status, tumor grade, tumor size and human epidermal growth factor 2 status. All assays showed substantial to almost perfect agreement between the three observers (Dako κ=0.69-0.90; Leica κ=0.70-0.89; and Ventana κ=0.78-0.94) and concordance (Dako/Leica κ=0.81; Dako/Ventana κ=0.78; and Leica/Ventana κ=0.82). Univariate survival analyses showed that only the ligand-binding assay, Dako and Ventana assays achieved statistical significance. No statistically significant results were seen in multivariate models, although a strong trend was seen with the Ventana progesterone receptor assay. All assays performed similarly with regards to measures of test performance with ligand-binding assay set as the reference, and all immunohistochemical assays outperformed the ligand-binding assay in regards to 5-year disease-free survival. Despite similar agreement and concordance with the progesterone receptor assays, clear differences were noted with regards to 5-year disease-free survival. Additional survival analyses suggest that clinical utility of estrogen receptor assays vary when investigated in combination with progesterone receptor.
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