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Yan A, Wu H, Jiang W. RACK1 inhibits ferroptosis of cervical cancer by enhancing SLC7A11 core-fucosylation. Glycoconj J 2024:10.1007/s10719-024-10167-6. [PMID: 39356381 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Receiver for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) is a highly conserved scaffold protein that can assemble multiple kinases and proteins together to form complexes, thereby regulating signal transduction process and various cellular biological processes, including cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and immune response. However, the function and mechanism of RACK1 in cervical cancer remain incompletely understood. Here we identified that RACK1 could significantly suppress cell ferroptosis in cervical cancer cells. Mechanistically, RACK1 increased the expression of FUT8 by inhibiting miR-1275, which in turn promoted the FUT8-catalyzed core-fucosylation of cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11, thereby inhibiting SLC7A11 degradation and cell ferroptosis. Our data highlight the role of RACK1 in cervical cancer progression and its suppression of ferroptosis via the RACK1/miR-1275/FUT8/SLC7A11 axis, suggesting that inhibiting this pathway may be a promising therapeutic approach for patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Yan
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Zhu Q, Chaubard JL, Geng D, Shen J, Ban L, Cheung ST, Wei F, Liu Y, Sun H, Calderon A, Dong W, Qin W, Li T, Wen L, Wang PG, Sun S, Yi W, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Chemoenzymatic Labeling, Detection and Profiling of Core Fucosylation in Live Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26408-26415. [PMID: 39279393 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Core fucosylation, the attachment of an α-1,6-linked-fucose to the N-glycan core pentasaccharide, is an abundant protein modification that plays critical roles in various biological processes such as cell signaling, B cell development, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and oncogenesis. However, the tools currently used to detect core fucosylation suffer from poor specificity, exhibiting cross-reactivity against all types of fucosylation. Herein we report the development of a new chemoenzymatic strategy for the rapid and selective detection of core fucosylated glycans. This approach employs a galactosyltransferase enzyme identified fromCaenorhabditis elegansthat specifically transfers an azido-appended galactose residue onto core fucose via a β-1,4 glycosidic linkage. We demonstrate that the approach exhibits superior specificity toward core fucose on a variety of complex N-glycans. The method enables detection of core fucosylated glycoproteins from complex cell lysates, as well as on live cell surfaces, and it can be integrated into a diagnostic platform to profile protein-specific core fucosylation levels. This chemoenzymatic labeling approach offers a new strategy for the identification of disease biomarkers and will allow researchers to further characterize the fundamental role of this important glycan in normal and disease physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jean-Luc Chaubard
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Didi Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jiechen Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lan Ban
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sheldon T Cheung
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Fangyu Wei
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haofan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Angie Calderon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Institution, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Weijie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Institution, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wen Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Lu F, Ott C, Bista P, Lu X. Three-Dimensional Structure of Novel Liver Cancer Biomarker Liver Cancer-Specific Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal (LC-SPIK) and Its Performance in Clinical Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:725. [PMID: 38611638 PMCID: PMC11011646 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
LC-SPIK is a liver cancer-specific isoform of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal and has been proposed as a new biomarker for the detection of HCC given its unique 3D structure, which differs from normal pancreatic SPIK. An ELISA technology based on its unique structure was developed to use LC-SPIK as an effective biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of HCC. AFP, the most widely used biomarker for HCC surveillance currently, suffers from poor clinical performance, especially in the detection of early-stage HCC. In one case-control study, which included 164 HCC patients and 324 controls, LC-SPIK had an AUC of 0.87 compared to only 0.70 for AFP in distinguishing HCC from liver disease controls (cirrhosis, HBV/HCV). LC-SPIK also performed significantly better than AFP for the 81 patients with early-stage HCC (BCLC stage 0 and A), with an AUC of 0.85 compared to only 0.61 for AFP. Cirrhosis is the major risk factor for HCC; about 80% of patients with newly diagnosed HCC have preexisting cirrhosis. LC-SPIK's clinical performance was also studied in HCC patients with viral and non-viral cirrhosis, including cirrhosis caused by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). In a total of 163 viral cirrhosis patients with 93 HCC patients (50 early-stage), LC-SPIK had an AUC of 0.85, while AFP had an AUC of 0.70. For patients with early-stage HCC, LC-SPIK had a similar AUC of 0.83, while AFP had an AUC of only 0.60. For 120 patients with nonviral cirrhosis, including 62 HCC (23 early-stage) patients, LC-SPIK had an AUC of 0.84, while AFP had an AUC of only 0.72. For the 23 patients with early-stage HCC, LC-SPIK had a similar AUC of 0.83, while the AUC for AFP decreased to 0.65. All these results suggest that LC-SPIK exhibits significantly better performance in the detection of HCC than AFP in all etiologies of liver diseases. In addition, LC-SPIK accurately detected the presence of HCC in 71-91% of HCC patients with false-negative AFP test results in viral-associated HCC and non-viral-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuanyong Lu
- ImCare Biotech, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA; (F.L.); (C.O.); (P.B.)
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Kumar BS. Recent Developments and Application of Mass Spectrometry Imaging in N-Glycosylation Studies: An Overview. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2024; 13:A0142. [PMID: 38435075 PMCID: PMC10904931 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the most typical posttranslational modifications is glycosylation, which often involves the covalent binding of an oligosaccharide (glycan) to either an asparagine (N-linked) or a serine/threonine (O-linked) residue. Studies imply that the N-glycan portion of a glycoprotein could serve as a particular disease biomarker rather than the protein itself because N-linked glycans have been widely recognized to evolve with the advancement of tumors and other diseases. N-glycans found on protein asparagine sites have been especially significant. Since N-glycans play clearly defined functions in the folding of proteins, cellular transport, and transmission of signals, modifications to them have been linked to several illnesses. However, because these N-glycans' production is not template driven, they have a substantial morphological range, rendering it difficult to distinguish the species that are most relevant to biology and medicine using standard techniques. Mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have emerged as effective analytical tools for investigating the role of glycosylation in health and illness. This is due to developments in MS equipment, data collection, and sample handling techniques. By recording the spatial dimension of a glycan's distribution in situ, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) builds atop existing methods while offering added knowledge concerning the structure and functionality of biomolecules. In this review article, we address the current development of glycan MSI, starting with the most used tissue imaging techniques and ionization sources before proceeding on to a discussion on applications and concluding with implications for clinical research.
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Munson PV, Adamik J, Hartmann FJ, Favaro PM, Ho D, Bendall SC, Combes AJ, Krummel MF, Zhang K, Kelley RK, Butterfield LH. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Bound α-Fetoprotein Promotes Immune Suppression by Altering Human Dendritic Cell Metabolism. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1543-1557. [PMID: 36847613 PMCID: PMC10152238 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is expressed by stem-like and poor outcome hepatocellular cancer tumors and is a clinical tumor biomarker. AFP has been demonstrated to inhibit dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and maturation and to block oxidative phosphorylation. To identify the critical metabolic pathways leading to human DC functional suppression, here, we used two recently described single-cell profiling methods, scMEP (single-cell metabolic profiling) and SCENITH (single-cell energetic metabolism by profiling translation inhibition). Glycolytic capacity and glucose dependence of DCs were significantly increased by tumor-derived, but not normal cord blood-derived, AFP, leading to increased glucose uptake and lactate secretion. Key molecules in the electron transport chain in particular were regulated by tumor-derived AFP. These metabolic changes occurred at mRNA and protein levels, with negative impact on DC stimulatory capacity. Tumor-derived AFP bound significantly more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than cord blood-derived AFP. PUFAs bound to AFP increased metabolic skewing and promoted DC functional suppression. PUFAs inhibited DC differentiation in vitro, and ω-6 PUFAs conferred potent immunoregulation when bound to tumor-derived AFP. Together, these findings provide mechanistic insights into how AFP antagonizes the innate immune response to limit antitumor immunity. SIGNIFICANCE α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a secreted tumor protein and biomarker with impact on immunity. Fatty acid-bound AFP promotes immune suppression by skewing human dendritic cell metabolism toward glycolysis and reduced immune stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V. Munson
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Juraj Adamik
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Felix J. Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Systems Immunology and Single-Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Daniel Ho
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sean C. Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Alexis J. Combes
- ImmunoProfiler Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew F. Krummel
- ImmunoProfiler Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Karen Zhang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robin K. Kelley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cancer Immunotherapy Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lisa H. Butterfield
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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McDowell CT, Lu X, Mehta AS, Angel PM, Drake RR. Applications and continued evolution of glycan imaging mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:674-705. [PMID: 34392557 PMCID: PMC8946722 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modifier of proteins and lipid conjugates critical for the stability and function of these macromolecules. Particularly important are N-linked glycans attached to asparagine residues in proteins. N-glycans have well-defined roles in protein folding, cellular trafficking and signal transduction, and alterations to them are implicated in a variety of diseases. However, the non-template driven biosynthesis of these N-glycans leads to significant structural diversity, making it challenging to identify the most biologically and clinically relevant species using conventional analyses. Advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation and data acquisition, as well as in enzymatic and chemical sample preparation strategies, have positioned mass spectrometry approaches as powerful analytical tools for the characterization of glycosylation in health and disease. Imaging mass spectrometry expands upon these strategies by capturing the spatial component of a glycan's distribution in-situ, lending additional insight into the organization and function of these molecules. Herein we review the ongoing evolution of glycan imaging mass spectrometry beginning with widely adopted tissue imaging approaches and expanding to other matrices and sample types with potential research and clinical implications. Adaptations of these techniques, along with their applications to various states of disease, are discussed. Collectively, glycan imaging mass spectrometry analyses broaden our understanding of the biological and clinical relevance of N-glycosylation to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T. McDowell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Anand S. Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Peggi M. Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Richard R. Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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Takakura D, Ohashi S, Kobayashi N, Tokuhisa M, Ichikawa Y, Kawasaki N. Targeted O-glycoproteomics for the development of diagnostic markers for advanced colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1104936. [PMID: 36845686 PMCID: PMC9948623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1104936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a prominent feature of cancer, that can be used as targets to improve the existing cancer biomarkers, and help to assess metastasis risks, and therapeutic effects. We developed a targeted O-glycoproteomics method using serum specimens, and evaluated its utility in identifying advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) markers. To this end, we combined consecutive lectin affinity purification using Maclura pomifera lectin (MPL), jacalin, and Sambucus nigra lectin, which have affinities for the following O-glycans, that have received attention as cancer-related antigens, Tn (GalNAc-Ser/Thr), Sialyl Tn (Siaα2-6GalNAc-Ser/Thr), T (Galβ1-3GalNAc-Ser/Thr), Sialyl T (Siaα2-3Galβ1-GalNAc-Ser/Thr), and di-Sialyl T (Siaα2-3Galβ1-3[Siaα2-6] GalNAc-Ser/Thr), with a unique O-glycoproteomics approach. A total of 2,068 O-glycoforms derived from 265 proteins were identified in healthy individuals and patients with advanced CRC, of which 44 CRC-specific O-glycoforms were extracted. Particularly, five glycoproteins with T, Sialyl T, and di-Sialyl T antigens in specific peptide regions were evaluated quantitatively and statistically. We found that fibulin-2 (FBLN2) (aa330-349)/T antigen (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.92); macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) (aa370-395)/(T + di-Sialyl T) (AUC = 0.94); macrophage mannose receptor 1 (MRC1) (aa1083-1101 and aa1215-1229)/T (AUC = 0.96 and 0.99); fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA) (aa354-367, aa511-527 and aa559-573)/Sialyl T (AUC = 0.98, 0.90 and 0.94); and complement component C7 (C7) (aa692-701)/di-Sialyl T (AUC = 1.00), can have high diagnostic efficacy to strategically predict advanced CRC groups. Hence, they could be promising markers for detection of advanced CRC, and provide new clinical test indicators along with lectins, such as MPL and jacalin. Our O-glycoproteomics platform provides a novel tool and resource, for researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand and treat advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takakura
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan,*Correspondence: Daisuke Takakura,
| | - Shoko Ohashi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Motohiko Tokuhisa
- Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nana Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Turshudzhyan A, Wu GY. Persistently Rising Alpha-fetoprotein in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:159-163. [PMID: 35233385 PMCID: PMC8845163 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, is known for its grim prognosis, with untreated life expectancy being only a matter of months after the diagnosis. The difficulty in making a diagnosis early is one of the main contributing factors to the poor prognosis. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) had long been used as a surveillance tool, but suboptimal specificity and sensitivity has prompted liver societies to abandon the recommendation for its universal use, even in combination with ultrasonography. Most studies have shown no obvious correlation between serum AFP level and HCC tumor size, stage, or survival post-diagnosis. However, some studies concluded that a gradual rise or persistent elevation in AFP were positive predictors for tumor development. Other studies reported a fall in AFP followed by a rise in patients with HCC as well as persistently rising AFP levels without development of HCC on follow up. Our calculation of the sensitivity and specificity of persistently rising AFP for HCC were both low, at 60% and 35.8%, respectively, indicating that the presence of persistently rising AFP per se did not offer diagnostic benefit. In addition, our calculated mean slopes of persistently rising AFP levels in HCC and non-HCC patients were numerically very different, but the difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that the published data do not support a role for rising AFP levels per se in the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Turshudzhyan
- Correspondence to: Alla Turshudzhyan, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06032, USA. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6867-7569. Tel: +1-860-679-6296, Fax: +1-860-679-6582, E-mail:
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Liver Cancer-Specific Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal Is a Potentially Novel Biomarker for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 11:e00271. [PMID: 33512798 PMCID: PMC7685967 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver cancer-secreted serine protease inhibitor Kazal (LC-SPIK) is a protein that is specifically elevated in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We assessed the performance of LC-SPIK in detecting HCC, including its early stages, in patients with cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS We enrolled 488 patients, including 164 HCC patients (81 early HCC) and 324 controls in a blinded, prospective, case-control study. Serum LC-SPIK levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based assay. The performance of serum LC-SPIK and α-fetoprotein (AFP), including area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, are compared. The performance of LC-SPIK was evaluated in an independent validation cohort with 102 patients. RESULTS In distinguishing all HCC patients from those with cirrhosis and chronic HBV/HCV, LC-SPIK had an AUC of 0.87, with 80% sensitivity and 90% specificity using a cutoff of 21.5 ng/mL. This is significantly higher than AFP, which had an AUC of 0.70 and 52% sensitivity and 86% specificity using a standard cutoff value of 20.0 ng/mL. For early-stage HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 and A), LC-SPIK had an AUC of 0.85, with 72% sensitivity and 90% specificity, compared with AFP, which had an AUC of 0.61, with 42% sensitivity and 86% specificity. In addition, LC-SPIK accurately detected the presence of HCC in more than 70% of HCC patients with false-negative AFP results. DISCUSSION The study provided strong evidence that LC-SPIK detects HCC, including early-stage HCC, with high sensitivity and specificity, and might be useful for surveillance in cirrhotic and chronic HBV/HCV patients, who are at an elevated risk of developing HCC.
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10
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Abstract
The α-fetoprotein (AFP) level is a sensitive biomarker of active hepatoblastoma (HB). This study aimed to clarify whether the Lens culinaris agglutinin A-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3) after complete resection is a prognostic predictor of HB recurrence. Fourteen HB patients who underwent complete resection of HB were divided into the recurrence group (RG, n=4) and the non-recurrence group (NRG, n=10). The AFP level and AFP-L3 before and after radical surgery were compared between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in AFP levels in the early postoperative period between the 2 groups (P=0.54), and AFP was not an early prognostic factor for HB recurrence. At 2 months after surgery, the AFP-L3 fell below the detection limit only in the NRG (7/10 cases) (NRG=70.0% vs. RG=0%, P=0.03). In addition, there were some cases of recurrence in those whose AFP level decreased to the normal range, but none in those whose AFP-L3 fell below the detection limit. In conclusion, the AFP-L3 decreased earlier than did the AFP level; thus, the AFP-L3 after complete resection may be a predictor for HB recurrence.
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11
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Higashi M, Yoshimura T, Usui N, Kano Y, Deguchi A, Tanabe K, Uchimura Y, Kuriyama S, Suzuki Y, Masaki T, Ikenaka K. A Potential Serum N-glycan Biomarker for Hepatitis C Virus-Related Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Liver Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238913. [PMID: 33255418 PMCID: PMC7727814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is beneficial for prolonging patient survival. However, the serum markers currently used show limited ability to identify early-stage HCC. In this study, we explored human serum N-glycans as sensitive markers to diagnose HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Using a simplified fluorescence-labeled N-glycan preparation method, we examined non-sialylated and sialylated N-glycan profiles from 71 healthy controls and 111 patients with hepatitis and/or liver cirrhosis (LC) with or without HCC. We found that the level of serum N-glycan A2G1(6)FB, a biantennary N-glycan containing core fucose and bisecting GlcNAc residues, was significantly higher in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected cirrhotic patients with HCC than in those without HCC. In addition, A2G1(6)FB was detectable in HCV-infected patients with early-stage HCC and could be a more accurate marker than alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) or protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists-II (PIVKA-II). Moreover, there was no apparent correlation between the levels of A2G1(6)FB and those of AFP or PIVKA-II. Thus, simultaneous use of A2G1(6)FB and traditional biomarkers could improve the accuracy of HCC diagnosis in HCV-infected patients with LC, suggesting that A2G1(6)FB may be a reliable biomarker for early-stage HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikito Higashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.K.)
- Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Yoshimura
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Noriyoshi Usui
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
- Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kano
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.K.)
| | - Akihiro Deguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Kazuhiro Tanabe
- Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan;
| | - Youichi Uchimura
- Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science and Technology Research Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8502, Japan;
| | - Shigeki Kuriyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (A.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Song T, Wang L, Xin R, Zhang L, Tian Y. Evaluation of serum AFP and DCP levels in the diagnosis of early-stage HBV-related HCC under different backgrounds. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520969087. [PMID: 33135527 PMCID: PMC7780580 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520969087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the diagnostic performance of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) in early-stage hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) under different backgrounds. METHODS Patients were enrolled and divided in four groups: chronic HBV infection (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), early-stage CHB-HCC, and early-stage LC-HCC. Serum AFP and DCP levels were measured. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were applied to compare the diagnostic performance of DCP and AFP for HCC. RESULTS In total, 200 patients were enrolled, including 48, 64, 33, and 55 patients with CHB, LC, CHB-HCC, and LC-HCC, respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUCs of AFP, DCP, and their combination in differentiating early-stage LC-HCC from LC were 0.776, 0.758, and 0.786, respectively. The values of these markers in discriminating early-stage CHB-HCC from CHB were 0.828, 0.731, and 0.862, respectively. CONCLUSIONS DCP was inferior to AFP in differentiating early-stage CHB-HCC from CHB. However, AFP and DCP displayed similar performance in distinguishing early-stage LC-HCC and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Song
- Department of Hepatology, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ruopei Xin
- Department of Hepatology, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, The Sixth People’s Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Cheng L, Cao L, Wu Y, Xie W, Li J, Guan F, Tan Z. Bisecting N-Acetylglucosamine on EGFR Inhibits Malignant Phenotype of Breast Cancer via Down-Regulation of EGFR/Erk Signaling. Front Oncol 2020; 10:929. [PMID: 32612952 PMCID: PMC7308504 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation, the most prevalent and diverse post-translational modification of protein, plays crucial biological roles in many physiological and pathological events. Alteration of N-glycan has been detected during breast cancer progression. Among the specific N-glycan structures, bisecting N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a β1,4-linked GlcNAc attached to the core β-mannose residue, and is catalyzed by glycosyltransferase MGAT3. Bisecting GlcNAc levels were commonly dysregulated in different types of cancer. In this study, we utilized mass spectrometry and lectin microarray analysis to investigate aberrant N-glycans in breast cancer cells. Our data showed the decreased levels of bisecting GlcNAc and down-regulated expression of MGAT3 in breast cancer cells than normal epithelial cells. Using PHA-E (a plant lectin recognizing and combining bisecting GlcNAc) based enrichment coupled with nanoLC-MS/MS, we analyzed the glycoproteins bearing bisecting GlcNAc in various breast cancer cells. Among the differentially expressed glycoproteins, levels of bisecting GlcNAc on EGFR were significantly decreased in breast cancer cells, confirmed by immunostaining and immunoprecipitation. We overexpressed MGAT3 in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, and overexpression of MGAT3 significantly enhanced the bisecting N-GlcNAc on EGFR and suppressed the EGFR/Erk signaling, which further resulted in the reduction of migratory ability, cell proliferation, and clonal formation. Taken together, we conclude that bisecting N-GlcNAc on EGFR inhibits malignant phenotype of breast cancer via down-regulation of EGFR/Erk signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanming Cheng
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yurong Wu
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zengqi Tan
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Glycobiology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Hepatocyte-specific TAK1 deficiency drives RIPK1 kinase-dependent inflammation to promote liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14231-14242. [PMID: 32513687 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005353117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase1 (TAK1) encoded by the gene MAP3K7 regulates multiple important downstream effectors involved in immune response, cell death, and carcinogenesis. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of TAK1 in Tak1 ΔHEP mice promotes liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation. Here, we report that genetic inactivation of RIPK1 kinase using a kinase dead knockin D138N mutation in Tak1 ΔHEP mice inhibits the expression of liver tumor biomarkers, liver fibrosis, and HCC formation. Inhibition of RIPK1, however, has no or minimum effect on hepatocyte loss and compensatory proliferation, which are the recognized factors important for liver fibrosis and HCC development. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we discovered that inhibition of RIPK1 strongly suppresses inflammation induced by hepatocyte-specific loss of TAK1. Activation of RIPK1 promotes the transcription of key proinflammatory cytokines, such as CCL2, and CCR2+ macrophage infiltration. Our study demonstrates the role and mechanism of RIPK1 kinase in promoting inflammation, both cell-autonomously and cell-nonautonomously, in the development of liver fibrosis and HCC, independent of cell death, and compensatory proliferation. We suggest the possibility of inhibiting RIPK1 kinase as a therapeutic strategy for reducing liver fibrosis and HCC development by inhibiting inflammation.
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15
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Kim KH, Kim JY, Yoo JS. Mass spectrometry analysis of glycoprotein biomarkers in human blood of hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:553-568. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1626235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hoe Kim
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Shin Yoo
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Hu M, Lan Y, Lu A, Ma X, Zhang L. Glycan-based biomarkers for diagnosis of cancers and other diseases: Past, present, and future. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 162:1-24. [PMID: 30905444 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are essential biomolecules in regulating human physiology and pathology ranging from signal transduction to microbial infections. Developing complex human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, are a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetics dominates embryonic development and the passing of genes to the next generation whereas the information in glycans reflects the impact of internal and external environmental factors, such as diseases, lifestyle, and social factors, on a person's health and disease. The reason behind this is that glycans are not directly encoded in a genetic template. Instead, they are assembled dynamically by hundreds of enzymes organized in more than 10 complex biosynthetic pathways. Any environmental changes affecting enzymatic activities or the availability of high-energy monosaccharide donors in a specific location will disturb the final structure of glycans. The glycan structure-dependent biological activities subsequently enable or disable gene expressions, which partially explain that it is difficult to pinpoint specific genetic defects to aging-associated diseases. Glycan-based biomarkers are currently used for diagnosis of diabetes, cancers, and other complex diseases. We will recapitulate the discovery of glucose, glycated proteins, glycan-, and glycoprotein-based biomarkers followed by summarizing clinically used glycan/glycoprotein-based biomarkers. The potential serum/plasma-derived N- and O-linked glycans as biomarkers will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Hu
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Alexander Lu
- Program in Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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17
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Seino S, Tsuchiya A, Watanabe Y, Kawata Y, Kojima Y, Ikarashi S, Yanai H, Nakamura K, Kumaki D, Hirano M, Funakoshi K, Aono T, Sakai T, Sakata J, Takamura M, Kawai H, Yamagiwa S, Wakai T, Terai S. Clinical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma can be predicted by the expression of hepatic progenitor cell markers and serum tumour markers. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21844-21860. [PMID: 29774107 PMCID: PMC5955154 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) complicates stratification of HCC patients for treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive panel of HCC biomarkers related to tumour behaviour and cancer prognosis. Resected HCCs from 251 patients were stained for hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) markers epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), and cytokeratin 19 (CK19). Staining patterns were analysed for their prognostic association with relapse-free survival and overall survival. α-Fetoprotein (AFP), lectin-reactive α-fetoprotein (AFP-L3), and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) were assessed as indicators of HPC protein expression. Expression pattern of HPC markers correlated with tumour malignancy indicated by high AFP/AFP-L3 serum levels, more frequent vascular invasion, and poorer tumour differentiation. EpCAM expression, DCP ≥300 mAU/ml, age ≥60, and Child-Pugh score grade B or C were independent prognostic factors of poor outcome and were used in a new scoring system for HCC prognosis after operation. Expression of two or more HPC markers was a significant predictor of poor HCC outcome and serum levels of AFP/AFP-L3 correlated with the expression of HPC proteins. Our study paved the way for further elucidation of the association among HPC markers, serum tumour markers, and HCC clinical outcome for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Seino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kawata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kojima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shunzo Ikarashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yanai
- Drug Discovery Laboratories, Chiome Bioscience Inc., 907 Nogawa, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 216-0001, Japan
| | - Koji Nakamura
- Drug Discovery Laboratories, Chiome Bioscience Inc., 907 Nogawa, Miyamae-Ku, Kawasaki-Shi, Kanagawa 216-0001, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kumaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu-Shi, Niigata 943-0147, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu-Shi, Niigata 943-0147, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Funakoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu-Shi, Niigata 943-0147, Japan
| | - Takashi Aono
- Division of Surgery, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu-Shi, Niigata 943-0147, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakai
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu-Shi, Niigata 943-0147, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamagiwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Pavesi F, Lotzniker M, Scarabelli M, Garbagnoli P, Moratti R. Efficiency of Composite Laboratory Tests in the Diagnosis of Liver Malignancies. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 4:163-9. [PMID: 2482315 DOI: 10.1177/172460088900400306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The utility of the markers CEA, β-HCG, CA-50, alpha-fetoprotein (APF), ferritin, alkaline phosphatase (AP), its isoenzyme liver-1 (APL1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gGT), its fast migrating isoenzyme (gGT1) and 5'nucleotidase (5'N) in differentiating liver malignancies and benign involvement was evaluated in, the sera of 85 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 157 with chronic liver disease (CLD) and 91 with liver metastases (LM) derived from different tumors. The mean concentrations of all the parameters except CEA and GGT1 were significantly different in HCC and CLD, but a broad overlap existed in the two groups, so different cut-offs were considered to assess the positive and negative predictive values and test efficiency (Eff). The best results were observed considering AFP > 100 IU/m (Eff0.86), ferritin > 800 ng/ml (Eff0.69), CA-50 > 100 U/ml (Eff 0.63), β-HCG > 10 mU/ml (Eff 0.61), AP > 300 IU/ml (Eff 0.66), the presence of APL1 (Eff 0.78), 5'N > 25mU/ml (Eff 0.70), gGT > 100 mlU/ml (Eff0.63). Among HCC patients 17% did not secrete AFP; in 26% the protein was < 100 IU/ml and in 36% < 400 IU/ml. Apart from AFP the most effective marker was APL1. At the above cut-offs more than three parameters were simultaneously positive in 71% of HCC and 9.9% of CLD. CEA, CA50, AFP were the only parameters that distinguished the HCC from the LM group; in the latter, APL1 was also a very sensitive marker (87%) for neoplastic involvement of the liver
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pavesi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, University of Pavia, Italy
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19
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Khien VV, Mao HV, Chinh TT, Ha PT, Bang MH, Lac BV, Hop TV, Tuan NA, Don LV, Taketa K, Satomura S. Clinical Evaluation of Lentil Lectin-Reactive Alpha-Fetoprotein-L3 in Histology-Proven Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 16:105-11. [PMID: 11471892 DOI: 10.1177/172460080101600204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a useful marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although the serum AFP concentration is also increased in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD). The analysis of AFP glycoforms has been known to be of diagnostic value. We applied the lectin-affinity electrophoresis and antibody-affinity blotting techniques to HCC patients in Vietnam in order to better understand the role of lentil lectin-affinity AFP-L3 in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HCC, and its relationship with the biological characteristics of HCC. Methods Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3) was measured in 65 patients with histologically proven HCC and 25 patients with CLD. All patients had serum AFP levels above 54 ng/mL. AFP-L3 levels were determined by lectin affinity electrophoresis coupled with antibody-affinity blotting. The diagnosis of HCC was confirmed histologically by ultrasound-guided biopsy. Results The mean value of AFP-L3 in the HCC patients was 49.6 ± 21.6%, which was significantly higher (p<0.001) than that in the 25 CLD patients (10.7 ± 4.3%). When the cutoff level for AFP-L3 was set at 15% (mean ± SD), the sensitivity was 96.9%, the specificity 92.0% and the accuracy 95.5% in the 65 HCC patients. There was no clear correlation between serum AFP level and AFP-L3 percentage (r=0.16). There was no correlation between AFP-L3 and the maximum diameter of HCC nodules (r=0.05). However, the mean AFP-L3 value was higher in moderately or poorly differentiated HCC than in well differentiated tumors (p<0.001). Conclusions AFP-L3 is potentially a clinically useful marker for the differentiation of increased AFP levels in hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver diseases. The AFP-L3 percentage is closely related to HCC differentiation. We consider the analysis of AFP-L3 a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Khien
- Department of Hepatology, Central Tran Hung Dao Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Berretta M, Cavaliere C, Alessandrini L, Stanzione B, Facchini G, Balestreri L, Perin T, Canzonieri V. Serum and tissue markers in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma: clinical and prognostic implications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14192-14220. [PMID: 28077782 PMCID: PMC5355172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HCC represents the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite the high incidence, treatment options for advanced HCC remain limited and unsuccessful, resulting in a poor prognosis. Despite the major advances achieved in the diagnostic management of HCC, only one third of the newly diagnosed patients are presently eligible for curative treatments. Advances in technology and an increased understanding of HCC biology have led to the discovery of novel biomarkers. Improving our knowledge about serum and tissutal markers could ultimately lead to an early diagnosis and better and early treatment strategies for this deadly disease. Serum biomarkers are striking potential tools for surveillance and early diagnosis of HCC thanks to the non-invasive, objective, and reproducible assessments they potentially enable. To date, many biomarkers have been proposed in the diagnosis of HCC. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy, characterized by early lymph node involvement and distant metastasis, with 5-year survival rates of 5%-10%. The identification of new biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic or predictive value is especially important as resection (by surgery or combined with a liver transplant) has shown promising results and novel therapies are emerging. However, the relatively low incidence of CCA, high frequency of co-existing cholestasis or cholangitis (primary sclerosing cholangitis –PSC- above all), and difficulties with obtaining adequate samples, despite advances in sampling techniques and in endoscopic visualization of the bile ducts, have complicated the search for accurate biomarkers. In this review, we attempt to analyze the existing literature on this argument.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto Taranto, Italy
| | - Lara Alessandrini
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Brigida Stanzione
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, "G. Pascale" Foundation, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Balestreri
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
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Dong M, Chen ZH, Li X, Li XY, Wen JY, Lin Q, Ma XK, Wei L, Chen J, Ruan DY, Lin ZX, Wang TT, Wu DH, Wu XY. Serum Golgi protein 73 is a prognostic rather than diagnostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6277-6284. [PMID: 29113278 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum Golgi protein 73 (sGP73) is a candidate diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, current evidence of its diagnostic value is conflicting, primarily due to the small sample sizes of previous studies, and its prognostic role in HCC also remains unclear. In the present study, sGP73 levels in 462 patients with HCC, 186 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 83 healthy controls were evaluated using ELISA, and it was identified that the median sGP73 levels were significantly higher in the HCC (18.7 ng/ml) and liver cirrhosis (18.5 ng/ml) patients than in the healthy controls (0 ng/ml; both P<0.001); however, the levels did not significantly differ between the HCC and liver cirrhosis groups (P=0.632). sGP73 had an inferior sensitivity and specificity for HCC diagnosis (27.79 and 77.96%, respectively) compared with α-fetoprotein (57.36 and 90.96%, respectively; P<0.001). In the HCC group, a high level of sGP73 was associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and independently predicted poor overall survival (OS) time (P<0.001). Additionally, in patients with resectable HCC, a high level of sGP73 was associated with significantly decreased disease-free survival (P<0.001) and OS (P=0.039) times compared with a low level of sGP73. This study demonstrated that sGP73 is unsuitable as a diagnostic marker for the early detection of HCC; however, it is an independent negative prognostic marker, providing a novel risk stratification factor and a potential therapeutic molecular target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Hong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yun Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Qu Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Kun Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Yun Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Xiao Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Hao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Calderon AD, Li L, Wang PG. FUT8: from biochemistry to synthesis of core-fucosylated N-glycans. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glycosylation is a major posttranslational modification of proteins. Modification in structure on N-glycans leads to many diseases. One of such modifications is core α-1,6 fucosylation, which is only found in eukaryotes. For this reason, lots of research has been done on approaches to synthesize core-fucosylated N-glycans both chemically and enzymatically, in order to have well defined structures that can be used as probes for glycan analysis and identifying functions of glycan-binding proteins. This review will focus on FUT8, the enzyme responsible for core fucosylation in mammals and the strategies that have been developed for the synthesis of core fucosylated N-glycans have been synthesized so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie D. Calderon
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA 30303 , USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA 30303 , USA
| | - Peng G. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA 30303 , USA
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A Chemiluminescent Protein Microarray Method for Determining the Seroglycoid Fucosylation Index. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31132. [PMID: 27528397 PMCID: PMC4985809 DOI: 10.1038/srep31132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3) is widely used to screen for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan and China. We developed a chemiluminescent protein microarray for determining the AFP-L3/AFP index (the ratio of AFP-L3 to total AFP, AFP-L3%) by fixing AFP-specific antibodies and Lens culinaris lectin on aldehyde-coated glass slides. Serum samples were tested for AFP using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to validate the microarray. AFP-L3 was detected using Hotgen Biotech glycosyl capture spin column pretreatment technology and ELISA. When the AFP cut-off value was set to 20 ng/ml, the protein microarray displayed 89.74% sensitivity and 100% specificity for HCC diagnosis, and the ELISA displayed 87.17% sensitivity and 100% specificity. When the AFP-L3% cut-off value was set to 0.1, the protein microarray displayed 56.41% sensitivity and 100% specificity for HCC diagnosis, and the ELISA displayed 53.84% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The ROC curve for the HCC diagnosis showed that the AFP area under the ROC curve (AUC = 0.996; 95% CI: 0.986-1.005) was much higher than that of AFP-L3 (AUC = 0.857; 95% CI: 0.769-0.94) and AFP-L3% (AUC = 0.827; CI: 0.730-0.924). The microarray assay used in this study is a highly sensitive, accurate, and efficient assay for the determination of the AFP-L3%.
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Sawanobori A, Moriwaki K, Takamatsu S, Kamada Y, Miyoshi E. A glycoproteomic approach to identify novel glycomarkers for cancer stem cells. Proteomics 2016; 16:3073-3080. [PMID: 26949200 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most cancers consist of heterogeneous populations of cells with substantial differences in tumorigenicity. Cells that possess self-renewal and tumor-initiating properties are often called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Since CSCs underlie tumor recurrence and metastasis and are resistant to current anti-cancer therapies, novel therapeutic strategies to efficiently target this subset of cells are needed. Aberrant glycosylation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Many cancer-associated glycans have been reported to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis, and are used as tumor markers. Over the past several years, we have identified characteristic glycans on CSCs by utilizing recent advances in glycoproteomic technologies. In this review, we would like to summarize a series of our recent studies and discuss possible applications of glycomarkers for CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Sawanobori
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenta Moriwaki
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Calderon AD, Liu Y, Li X, Wang X, Chen X, Li L, Wang PG. Substrate specificity of FUT8 and chemoenzymatic synthesis of core-fucosylated asymmetric N-glycans. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4027-31. [PMID: 27080952 PMCID: PMC4852481 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substrate specificity studies of human FUT8 using 77 structurally-defined N-glycans as acceptors showed a strict requirement towards the α1,3-mannose branch, but a great promiscuity towards the α1,6-mannose branch. Accordingly, a chemoenzymatic strategy was developed for the efficient synthesis of core-fucosylated asymmetric N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie D Calderon
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. and Chemily LLC, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Peng G Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Identification of GlcNAcylated alpha-1-antichymotrypsin as an early biomarker in human non-small-cell lung cancer by quantitative proteomic analysis with two lectins. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:532-44. [PMID: 26908325 PMCID: PMC4782198 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main type of lung cancer with high mortality rates in worldwide. There is a need to identify better biomarkers to detect NSCLC at an early stage as this will improve therapeutic effect and patient survival rates. Methods: Two lectins (AAL/AAGL and AAL2/AANL), which specifically bind to tumour-related glycan antigens, were first used to enrich serum glycoproteins from the serum of early NSCLC patients, benign lung diseases subjects and healthy individuals. The samples were investigated by using iTRAQ labelling and LC-MS/MS. Results: A total of 53 differentially expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomics and four glycoproteins (AACT, AGP1, CFB and HPX) were selected for further verification by western blotting. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed AACT was the best candidate for early NSCLC diagnosis of the four proteins, with 94.1% sensitivity in distinguishing early tumour Stage (IA+IB) from tumour-free samples (healthy and benign samples, HB). The GlcNAcylated AACT was further detected by lectin-based ELISA and has better advantage in clinical application than total AACT. The GlcNAcylated AACT can effectively differentiate Stage I from HB samples with an AUC of 0.908 and 90.9% sensitivity at a specificity of 86.2%. A combination of GlcNAcylated AACT and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was able to effectively differing Stage I from HB samples (AUC=0.914), which significantly improve the specificity of CEA. The combination application also has the better clinical diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing cancer (NSCLC) from HB samples than CEA or GlcNAcylated AACT used alone, and yielded an AUC of 0.817 with 93.1% specificity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the GlcNAcylated AACT will be a promising clinical biomarker in diagnosis of early NSCLC.
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A MALDI-MS-based quantitative targeted glycomics (MALDI-QTaG) for total N-glycan analysis. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:2019-25. [PMID: 26063621 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a sensitive and quantitative method for monitoring the abnormal glycosylation of clinical and biopharmaceutical products. RESULTS MALDI-MS-based quantitative targeted glycomics (MALDI-QTaG) was proposed for sensitive and quantitative analysis of total N-glycans. The derivatization reactions (i.e., amidation of sialic acid and incorporation of a positive charge moiety into the reducing end) dramatically increased the linearity (R(2) > 0.99) and sensitivity (limit of detection is 0.5 pmol/glycoprotein) relative to underivatized glycans. In addition, the analytical strategy was chromatographic purification-free and non-laborious process accessible to the high-throughput analyses. We used MALDI-QTaG to analyze the N-glycans of α-fetoprotein (AFP) purified from normal cord blood and HCC cell line (Huh7 cells). The total percentages of core-fucosylated AFP N-glycans from Huh7 cells and normal cord blood were 98 and 18%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This MALDI-MS-based glycomics technology has wide applications in many clinical and bioengineering fields requiring sensitive, quantitative and fast N-glycosylation validation.
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Stowell SR, Ju T, Cummings RD. Protein glycosylation in cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2015; 10:473-510. [PMID: 25621663 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 574] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic transformation results in a wide variety of cellular alterations that impact the growth, survival, and general behavior of affected tissue. Although genetic alterations underpin the development of neoplastic disease, epigenetic changes can exert an equally significant effect on neoplastic transformation. Among neoplasia-associated epigenetic alterations, changes in cellular glycosylation have recently received attention as a key component of neoplastic progression. Alterations in glycosylation appear to not only directly impact cell growth and survival but also facilitate tumor-induced immunomodulation and eventual metastasis. Many of these changes may support neoplastic progression, and unique alterations in tumor-associated glycosylation may also serve as a distinct feature of cancer cells and therefore provide novel diagnostic and even therapeutic targets.
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Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer, but the second leading cause of cancer death, in the world, with more than 700,000 fatalities annually. The major etiology of liver cancer is infection with an hepatotropic virus such as hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection. While chronic viral infection remains the main cause of liver disease and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), rates of nonviral-associated HCC are occurring at an alarmingly increasing rate. Like many cancers, survival rates are closely associated with time of detection. If HCC is caught early, survival rates can be as high as 50%. Regrettably, most cases of HCC are caught late where survival rates can be as low as 2-7%. Thus, there has been great interest in discovering serum biomarkers that could be used to identify those with HCC. To this end, many groups have examined the N-linked glycans to identify changes that occur with HCC. As the liver secretes the vast majority of proteins into the serum, this has often been a starting point for study. In serum, alterations in core fucosylation, outer-arm fucosylation, increased sialylation, and glycan branching have been observed in patients with HCC. Similar findings have been found directly in HCC tissue suggesting that these glycan changes may play a role in tumor formation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Mehta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harmin Herrera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy Block
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ge T, Shen Q, Wang N, Zhang Y, Ge Z, Chu W, Lv X, Zhao F, Zhao W, Fan J, Qin W. Diagnostic values of alpha-fetoprotein, dickkopf-1, and osteopontin for hepatocellular carcinoma. Med Oncol 2015; 32:59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kim H, Kim K, Jin J, Park J, Yu SJ, Yoon JH, Kim Y. Measurement of glycosylated alpha-fetoprotein improves diagnostic power over the native form in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110366. [PMID: 25310463 PMCID: PMC4195728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has long been used as a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), albeit controversially. Although it remains widely used in clinics, the value of AFP in HCC diagnosis has recently been challenged due to its significant rates of false positive and false negative findings. To improve the efficacy of AFP as HCC diagnostic marker, we developed a method of measuring total and glycosylated AFP by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-MS. In this study, we verified the total amount of AFP (nonglycopeptide levels) and the degree of glycosylated AFP (deglycopeptide levels) in 60 normal (41 men and 19 women; mean age 53 years; range 32–74 years), 35 LC (23 men and 12 women; mean age 56 years; range 43–78 years; HBV-related), and 60 HCC subjects (42 men and 18 women; mean age 58 years; range 38–76 years; HBV-related; 30 stage I, 15 stage II, and 10 stage III). By MRM-MS analysis, the nonglycopeptide had 56.7% sensitivity, 68.3% specificity, and an AUC of 0.687 [cutoff value: ≥0.02 (light/heavy ratio)], comparing the normal and HCC group, whereas the deglycopeptide had 93.3% sensitivity, 68.3% specificity, and an AUC of 0.859 [cutoff value: ≥0.02 (light/heavy ratio)]. In comparing the stage I HCC subgroup with the LC group, the nonglycopeptide had a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 80.0%, and an AUC of 0.712 [cutoff value: ≥0.02 (light/heavy ratio)], whereas the deglycopeptide had a sensitivity of 96.7%, specificity of 80.0%, and an AUC of 0.918 [cutoff value: ≥0.02 (light/heavy ratio)]. These data demonstrate that the discriminatory power of the deglycopeptide is greater than that of the nonglycopeptide. We conclude that deglycopeptide can distinguish cancer status between normal subjects and HCC patients better than nonglycopeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Chen CP, Haas-Kogan D. Neoplasms of the hepatobiliary system: clinical presentation, molecular pathways and diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:883-95. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Comunale MA, Wang M, Anbarasan N, Betesh L, Karabudak A, Moritz E, Devarajan K, Marrero J, Block TM, Mehta A. Total serum glycan analysis is superior to lectin-FLISA for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:690-700. [PMID: 23857719 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary cancer of the liver that is predominantly the result of infection with a hepatotropic virus such as hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus. As liver cancer is often asymptomatic, the development of sensitive noninvasive biomarkers is needed for early detection and improved survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We have previously identified alterations in the N-linked glycosylation of serum proteins with the development of HCC and identified many of the proteins that contained the altered glycosylation. In the current study, we compared the ability of the identified proteins to diagnose HCC with the total serum glycan analysis. RESULTS Surprisingly, glycan analysis of total serum had the greatest ability to distinguish HCC from cirrhosis with an AUROC of 0.851, a sensitivity of 73% at a specificity of 88%. When total glycan sequencing was combined with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the sensitivity increased to 95% at a specificity of 90%. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Changes in glycosylation as detected in whole serum could be used to diagnose HCC with greater sensitivity and specificity than that observed through the analysis of specific protein glycoforms or protein levels. Such an assay could have value in the management of those at risk for the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Comunale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA 18901, USA
| | - Mengjun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | | | - Lucy Betesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Aykan Karabudak
- Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Ethan Moritz
- Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | | | - Jorge Marrero
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy M Block
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Anand Mehta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
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Tamura Y, Suda T, Arii S, Sata M, Moriyasu F, Imamura H, Kawasaki S, Izumi N, Takayama T, Kokudo N, Yamamoto M, Iijima H, Aoyagi Y. Value of highly sensitive fucosylated fraction of alpha-fetoprotein for prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after curative treatment. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:2406-12. [PMID: 23595518 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fucosylated fraction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) has been used as a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, a highly sensitive immunoassay using an on-chip electrokinetic reaction and separation by affinity electrophoresis (micro-total analysis system; μTAS) has been developed. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in the serum AFP-L3 level measured by μTAS assay and recurrence of HCC after curative treatment. METHODS A total of 414 HCC patients who met the Milan criteria and underwent hepatectomy or radiofrequency ablation were investigated prospectively for the relationship between HCC recurrence and values of tumor markers. RESULTS There were significant differences in recurrence-free survival between groups with and without AFP-L3 elevation measured before and after treatment (p = 0.024 and p = 0.001 for before and after treatment, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that AFP-L3 status (p = 0.002) measured 1 month after treatment was a significant independent predictor of HCC recurrence after curative treatment. CONCLUSIONS Elevation of the serum AFP-L3 level before treatment is a predictor of HCC recurrence, and sustained elevation of the AFP-L3 level after treatment is an indicator of HCC recurrence. Repeated measurement of μTAS AFP-L3 should be performed for surveillance of HCC recurrence after curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Tamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachi Dori-1-Bancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan.
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Shen N, Lin H, Wu T, Wang D, Wang W, Xie H, Zhang J, Feng Z. Inhibition of TGF-β1-receptor posttranslational core fucosylation attenuates rat renal interstitial fibrosis. Kidney Int 2013; 84:64-77. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huang TS, Shyu YC, Turner R, Chen HY, Chen PJ. Diagnostic performance of alpha-fetoprotein, lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein, des-gamma carboxyprothrombin, and glypican-3 for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev 2013; 2:37. [PMID: 23738605 PMCID: PMC3682912 DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-2-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) followed by curative resection or liver transplantation offers the best chance for long-term patient survival. Clinically, ultrasonography has suboptimal sensitivity for detecting early-stage HCC. Several serological tests including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the ratio of lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein to total AFP (AFP-L3/AFP), des-gamma carboxyprothrombin (DCP), and glypican-3 (GPC-3) have been widely investigated as diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage HCC in at-risk populations. However, these tests are not recommended for routine HCC screening. Our objective is to determine the diagnostic performance of AFP, AFP-L3/AFP, DCP, and GPC-3 for the detection of HCC, particularly early-stage tumors meeting the Milan criteria. METHODS/DESIGN We will include cross-sectional studies that consecutively or randomly recruit target populations. We will search the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. We will also search the MEDION and ARIF databases to identify diagnostic systematic reviews that include primary studies. Reference lists of relevant reviews will be searched for additional trials. Language restrictions will not be applied. Two reviewers will independently screen study eligibility and extract data. Methodological quality will be assessed according to the revised tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Two authors will apply the QUADAS-2 assessment to all the included studies, and any discrepancies will be resolved by the third author. The following test characteristics will be extracted into 2 × 2 tables for all included studies: true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives. Study-specific estimates of sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals will be displayed in forest plots. When possible, we will use the bivariate random-effects model or the Rutter and Gatsonis hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model for statistical analysis. To investigate heterogeneity, we will include study designs, population characteristics, test characteristics, and types of reference standard as the study-level variables. DISCUSSION Our systematic review will allow patients, clinicians, and researchers to determine the diagnostic performance of AFP, AFP-L3/AFP, DCP, and GPC-3 for the detection of early-stage HCC and the potential roles of these diagnostic biomarkers in the existing diagnostic pathways.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO 2013; CRD42013003879.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Shuo Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, No.222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
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Bertino G, Ardiri A, Malaguarnera M, Malaguarnera G, Bertino N, Calvagno GS. Hepatocellualar carcinoma serum markers. Semin Oncol 2012; 39:410-33. [PMID: 22846859 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in some areas of the world. In most cases, HCC is diagnosed at a late stage. Therefore, the prognosis of patients with HCC is generally poor. The recommended screening strategy for patients with cirrhosis includes the determination of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and an abdominal ultrasound every 6 months to detect HCC at an earlier stage. AFP, however, is a marker characterized by poor sensitivity and specificity, and abdominal ultrasound is highly dependent on the operator's experience. In addition to AFP, Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), glypican-3 (GPC-3), osteopontin (OPN), and several other biomarkers (such as squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M complexes [SCCA-IgM], alpha-1-fucosidase [AFU], chromogranin A [CgA], human hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor) have been proposed as markers for the early detection of HCC. For these markers, we describe the mechanisms of production, and their diagnostic and prognosis roles. None of them is optimal; however, when used together, their sensitivity in detecting HCC is increased. Recent research has shown that some biomarkers have mitogenic and migratory activities in the angiogenesis of HCC and are a factor of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Bertino
- Hepatology Unit, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, Policlinic of Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Miyata T, Hayashi T, Kuriu Y, Uragami T. Responsive behavior of tumor-marker-imprinted hydrogels using macromolecular cross-linkers. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:336-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering; Kansai University; Suita; Osaka; 564-8680; Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kuriu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering; Kansai University; Suita; Osaka; 564-8680; Japan
| | - Tadashi Uragami
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering; Kansai University; Suita; Osaka; 564-8680; Japan
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Shiota G, Miura N. Biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin J Gastroenterol 2012; 5:177-82. [PMID: 26182317 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-012-0301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks high among the most common and fatal cancers in the world. HCC develops from chronic liver diseases, especially from hepatitis C virus-related and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver diseases. In this sense, useful biomarkers for HCC detection for the patients at risk of HCC are quite important. Recently, new therapies for HCC have been developed, and the prognosis of the patients has improved. However, considering the recurrence rate of HCC after treatment is very high, biomarkers that detect recurrence at an early stage are also required. In addition, since new drugs such as multikinase inhibitors have been introduced to the clinical scene, surrogate biomarkers to predict the effectiveness of treatment will be required in the near future. So far, many biomarkers for HCC have been developed, and their clinical usefulness has been assessed. As a result, several biomarkers for HCC are widely used. However, investigations to discover more useful biomarkers that fit in clinical settings are under way. In this review article, biomarkers for HCC are overviewed to examine their clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goshi Shiota
- Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Norimasa Miura
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
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Angata T, Fujinawa R, Kurimoto A, Nakajima K, Kato M, Takamatsu S, Korekane H, Gao CX, Ohtsubo K, Kitazume S, Taniguchi N. Integrated approach toward the discovery of glyco-biomarkers of inflammation-related diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1253:159-69. [PMID: 22380786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycobiology has contributed tremendously to the discovery and characterization of cancer-related biomarkers containing glycans (i.e., glyco-biomarkers) and a more detailed understanding of cancer biology. It is now recognized that most chronic diseases involve some elements of chronic inflammation; these include cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and metabolic syndrome (including consequential diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases). By extending the knowledge and experience of the glycobiology community regarding cancer biomarker discovery, we should be able to contribute to the discovery of diagnostic/prognostic glyco-biomarkers of other chronic diseases that involve chronic inflammation. Future integration of large-scale "omics"-type data (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and glycomics) with computational model building, or a systems glycobiology approach, will facilitate such efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Systems Glycobiology Research Group, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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Taniguchi N, Korekane H. Branched N-glycans and their implications for cell adhesion, signaling and clinical applications for cancer biomarkers and in therapeutics. BMB Rep 2011; 44:772-81. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.12.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Aoyagi Y, Tamura Y, Suda T. History and recent progress in evaluation of the fucosylated alpha-fetoprotein fraction. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26:615-6. [PMID: 21418297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Tamura Y, Igarashi M, Kawai H, Suda T, Satomura S, Aoyagi Y. Clinical advantage of highly sensitive on-chip immunoassay for fucosylated fraction of alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:3576-83. [PMID: 20407827 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been widely used as a diagnostic master for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the fucosylated fraction of AFP (AFP-L3) has been reported to be a specific marker for HCC. However, AFP-L3 has not always been reliable in cases with low serum AFP concentrations. Recently, a novel automated immunoassay for AFP-L3, the micro-total analysis system (μ-TAS), has been developed. AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of μ-TAS AFP-L3. METHODS Serum AFP-L3 was measured in 295 patients with HCC and in 350 with benign liver diseases. The diagnostic accuracy of μ-TAS AFP-L3 was compared with that of the conventional assay (liquid-phase binding assay; LiBASys). The relationship between μ-TAS AFP-L3 and clinical features was investigated. RESULTS When the cutoff value was set at 7%, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of μ-TAS AFP-L3 were 60.0%, 90.3%, 76.4%, 83.9%, and 72.8%, respectively. Its sensitivity was particularly good (41.1%) in HCC subgroups with lower AFP concentrations (<20 ng/ml). The positivity rates for μ-TAS AFP-L3 were higher at each tumor stage than those of LiBASys AFP-L3 (μ-TAS/LiBASys: stage I, 44.2%/16.3%; stage II, 52.9%/37.5%; stage III, 66.4%/44.5%; stage IV, 82.8%/65.5%). CONCLUSIONS μ-TAS AFP-L3 is more sensitive for discriminating HCC than the conventional LiBASys AFP-L3, particularly in subgroups with lower AFP concentrations and early-stage HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Tamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachi Dori-1-Bancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8520, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors and carries a poor survival rate. The management of patients at risk for developing HCC remains intricate. METHODS A literature search identified potential markers for hepatocellular carcinoma. These markers were analysed and justification was provided for these factors' inclusion to (or exclusion from) the markers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A search of the literature was made using cancer literature and the PubMed database for the following keywords: "markers and HCC," "Lens culinaris agglutinin reactive AFP (AFP-L3) and HCC," "Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and HCC," "Glypican-3 and HCC," "Chromogranin A and HCC," "Transforming growth factor β1(TGF) and HCC," "α-l-fucosidase (AFU) and HCC," "Golgi protein-73 (GP73) and HCC," "Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and HCC," "Nervous growth factor (NGF) and HCC." CONCLUSIONS Despite the large number of studies devoted to the immunohistochemistry of HCC, at the present time, the absolute positive and negative markers for HCC are still lacking, and even those characterized by very high sensitivity and specificity do not have an universal diagnostic usefulness. Given the poor response to current therapies, a better understanding of the molecular pathways active in this disease could potentially provide new targets for therapy. However, AFP shows a low sensitivity, therefore other biomarkers have been developed to make an early diagnosis and improve patients' prognosis.
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Tamura Y, Igarashi M, Suda T, Wakai T, Shirai Y, Umemura T, Tanaka E, Kakizaki S, Takagi H, Hiasa Y, Onji M, Aoyagi Y. Fucosylated fraction of alpha-fetoprotein as a predictor of prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:2095-101. [PMID: 19731025 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-0954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of measuring the Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) for prognostic predictor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A total of 477 HCC patients who underwent percutaneous ablative therapy or hepatectomy were enrolled. Overall survival and recurrence-free survival were respectively evaluated retrospectively and prospectively. Multivariate analyses of clinical prognostic factors were performed by Cox's stepwise proportional hazard model. RESULTS AFP-L3 status was a statistically significant independent prognostic factor of long-term survival (P = 0.013) and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.006) in patients who underwent percutaneous ablative therapy. In contrast, AFP-L3 did not affect prognosis in patients who underwent hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS AFP-L3 had different impacts on prognosis in patients with HCC who underwent percutaneous ablative therapy and hepatectomy. Our results suggest that AFP-L3 positivity (>or=15%) might be a promising indicator for choosing therapeutic modalities in HCC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Analysis of Variance
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Biopsy, Needle
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery
- Disease-Free Survival
- Endoscopy/methods
- Endoscopy/mortality
- Female
- Hepatectomy/methods
- Hepatectomy/mortality
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Probability
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Prospective Studies
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment
- Survival Analysis
- alpha-Fetoproteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Tamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
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Lee NPY, Cheung ST, Poon RTP, Fan ST, Luk JM. Genomic and proteomic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomark Med 2010; 1:273-84. [PMID: 20477402 DOI: 10.2217/17520363.1.2.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most deadly liver malignancies found worldwide, with hepatitis virus infection being the prominent risk factor for this lesion. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are usually first diagnosed when in the advanced stage; thus, long-term clinical outcomes are poor and patients have limited treatment options. Currently, surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma relies upon serological testing of alpha-fetoprotein levels and hepatic ultrasonography, which have low sensitivity and specificity, and are sometimes operator-dependent, respectively. Therefore, discovery of new biomarkers for early and accurate detection of hepatocellular carcinoma would be of great clinical value. Genomic and proteomic approaches are two major laboratory platforms for the identification of candidate hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers based on profiling and validating with tumor and nontumor clinical samples. Frequently, these diagnostic markers have been found in association with genetic aberrations, protein-level alterations, post-translational modifications and immune functions. With the discovery of these biomarkers, earlier detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk subjects (e.g., cirrhosis and hepatitis carriers) becomes possible, which will enable clinicians to offer patients better clinical management and more effective treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki P Y Lee
- The University of Hong Kong, Department of Surgery and Center for Cancer Research, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China
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Klein A, Carre Y, Louvet A, Michalski JC, Morelle W. Immunoglobulins are the major glycoproteins involved in the modifications of total serumN-glycome in cirrhotic patients. Proteomics Clin Appl 2010; 4:379-93. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Blomme B, Van Steenkiste C, Callewaert N, Van Vlierberghe H. Alteration of protein glycosylation in liver diseases. J Hepatol 2009; 50:592-603. [PMID: 19157620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are a serious health problem worldwide. The current gold standard to assess structural liver damage is through a liver biopsy which has several disadvantages. A non-invasive, simple and non-expensive test to diagnose liver pathology would be highly desirable. Protein glycosylation has drawn the attention of many researchers in the search for an objective feature to achieve this goal. Glycosylation is a posttranslational modification of many secreted proteins and it has been known for decades that structural changes in the glycan structures of serum proteins are an indication for liver damage. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of this altered protein glycosylation in different etiologies of liver fibrosis / cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although individual liver diseases have their own specific markers, the same modifications seem to continuously reappear in all liver diseases: hyperfucosylation, increased branching and a bisecting N-acetylglucosamine. Analysis at mRNA and protein level of the corresponding glycosyltransferases confirm their altered status in liver pathology. The last part of this review deals with some recently developed glycomic techniques that could potentially be used in the diagnosis of liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Blomme
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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50
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Kim YS, Son OL, Lee JY, Kim SH, Oh S, Lee YS, Kim CH, Yoo JS, Lee JH, Miyoshi E, Taniguchi N, Hanash SM, Yoo HS, Ko JH. Lectin precipitation using phytohemagglutinin-L4coupled to avidin-agarose for serological biomarker discovery in colorectal cancer. Proteomics 2008; 8:3229-35. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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