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Yang J, Lou S, Yao T. Trends in primary malignant bone cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 2000-2017: A population-based study. J Bone Oncol 2024; 46:100607. [PMID: 38778835 PMCID: PMC11109025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2024.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Primary malignant bone cancers have extremely low incidence, resulting in poor evaluation of their epidemiological characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate trends in the incidence of primary malignant bone cancers and related mortality. Materials and methods Data from patients diagnosed with malignant bone cancers from 2000 to 2017 in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database were retrospectively analyzed. Annual age-adjusted incidence and mortality were calculated, and the annual percentage change analyzed. Further, characteristics including patient age and sex, as well as the primary site and stage of different tumor types, were analyzed. Results The overall age-adjusted incidence rate of primary malignant bone cancers was 7.70 per million people per year, and incidence rates had increased in patients between 60 and 79 years old, or with tumor size ≥ 8 cm. The incidence of chordoma increased significantly (annual percentage change (APC), 3.0 % per year), while those of WHO grade I and II primary bone cancers decreased. During 2000-2017, the mortality rate attributable to malignant bone cancers across the entire United States was 4.41 per million people per year. A positive mortality trend was observed during the study period (APC = 0.7 %, 95 % confidence interval: 0.0 %-1.5 %). Patients with osteosarcoma, and those who were female or of white ethnicity showed significant increasing trends in mortality rate. Conclusions Different tumor types have variable epidemiological manifestations, in terms of incidence and mortality, and exhibited altered trends over recent years. These variables can provide guidance to inform allocation of medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Suo Lou
- Operating Room, Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Teng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
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2
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Wang CY, Chu YL, Lin SC, Wu CC, Huang WC, Kuo CH. Cervical myelopathy and extensive body destruction caused by primary Gli1 fusion sarcoma. Neuropathology 2024; 44:236-239. [PMID: 37986200 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas of the cervical spine with osteolytic lesions and intradural extension are extremely uncommon. This is a case report of a woman in her late 30s who had experienced numbness and gradual weakness of her four limbs. MRI with enhanced T1-weighted contrast showed a heterogeneously enhancing intradural extramedullary mass lesion over C2-C4 levels compressing the spinal cord. Over the corresponding levels, the computed tomography scan showed an osteolytic lesion. Surgical intervention was performed under intraoperative neuromonitoring. Histopathological findings demonstrated a low-grade tumor with round to ovoid nuclei with a moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm with minimal nuclear pleomorphism. Next-generation sequencing technology was employed and findings revealed PTCH1::GLI1 and GLI1::KDM2B fusion with strongly positive findings on GLI1 immunohistochemical staining. The final diagnosis was GLI1 fusion sarcoma. The patient recovered well under multidisciplinary treatment with stringent follow-up, which are required for this rare disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ying Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Wu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Ringwalt EM, Currier MA, Glaspell AM, Chen CY, Cannon MV, Cam M, Gross AC, Gust M, Wang PY, Boon L, Biederman LE, Schwarz E, Rajappa P, Lee DA, Mardis ER, Carson WE, Roberts RD, Cripe TP. Trabectedin Enhances Oncolytic Virotherapy by Reducing Barriers to Virus Spread and Cytotoxic Immunity in Preclinical Pediatric Bone Sarcoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.02.582994. [PMID: 38464161 PMCID: PMC10925327 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.02.582994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
We previously reported that the DNA alkylator and transcriptional-blocking chemotherapeutic agent trabectedin enhances oncolytic herpes simplex viroimmunotherapy in human sarcoma xenograft models, though the mechanism remained to be elucidated. Here we report trabectedin disrupts the intrinsic cellular anti-viral response which increases viral transcript spread throughout the human tumor cells. We also extended our synergy findings to syngeneic murine sarcoma models, which are poorly susceptible to virus infection. In the absence of robust virus replication, we found trabectedin enhanced viroimmunotherapy efficacy by reducing immunosuppressive macrophages and stimulating granzyme expression in infiltrating T and NK cells to cause immune-mediated tumor regressions. Thus, trabectedin enhances both the direct virus-mediated killing of tumor cells and the viral-induced activation of cytotoxic effector lymphocytes to cause tumor regressions across models. Our data provide a strong rationale for clinical translation as both mechanisms should be simultaneously active in human patients.
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Al-Hassi HO, Ali NM, Cooke H, De Silva S, Brini AT, Babu P, Sumathi V, Morris MR, Niada S. FGF23 Expression Is a Promising Immunohistochemical Diagnostic Marker for Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone (UPSb). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:242. [PMID: 38397231 PMCID: PMC10887495 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of bone (UPSb) is a rare primary bone sarcoma that lacks a specific line of differentiation. Distinguishing between UPSb and other malignant bone sarcomas, including dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma, is challenging due to their overlapping features. We have previously identified that UPSb tumours have elevated mRNA levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) transcripts compared to other sarcomas including osteosarcoma. In the present study, we evaluated the specificity and practicality of FGF23 immunoreactivity as a specific diagnostic tool to differentiate UPSb tumours from osteosarcomas and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. Methods: A total of 10 UPSb, 10 osteosarcoma, and 10 dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma cases (all high-grade), were retrieved and immunohistochemistry for FGF23 was performed. Results: FGF23 protein was expressed at high levels in 80-90% of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the bone cases, whereas it was expressed at significantly lower levels in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma cases. A semiquantitative analysis, considering the intensity of immunoreactivity, confirmed significantly elevated FGF23 expression levels in UPSb tissues compared to those observed in osteosarcoma and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma tissues. Conclusions: The results we present here suggest that FGF23 immunohistochemistry may be a useful tool to aid in differentiating UPSb from morphologically similar malignant bone sarcomas, especially in situations where sampling is restricted and there is limited clinical information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafid O. Al-Hassi
- Research Institute of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (H.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Naser M. Ali
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Department of Medical Laboratories, General Ahmadi Hospital (KOC Hospital), Ahmadi 61008, Kuwait
| | - Hannah Cooke
- Research Institute of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (H.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Shamini De Silva
- Research Institute of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (H.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Anna T. Brini
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Applications, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Pavithra Babu
- Acute Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK;
| | - Vaiyapuri Sumathi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Pathology, University Hospital of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Mark R. Morris
- Research Institute of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; (H.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Stefania Niada
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Applications, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20157 Milan, Italy;
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5
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Su Z, Ho JWK, Yau RCH, Lam YL, Shek TWH, Yeung MCF, Chen H, Oreffo ROC, Cheah KSE, Cheung KSC. A single-cell atlas of conventional central chondrosarcoma reveals the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in malignant transformation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:124. [PMID: 38267611 PMCID: PMC10808239 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The transformation of benign lesions to malignant tumours is a crucial aspect of understanding chondrosarcomas, which are malignant cartilage tumours that could develop from benign chondroid lesions. However, the process of malignant transformation for chondroid lesions remains poorly understood, and no reliable markers are available to aid clinical decision-making. To address this issue, we conducted a study analysing 11 primary cartilage tumours and controls using single-cell RNA sequencing. By creating a single-cell atlas, we were able to identify the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the malignant transformation of conventional central chondrosarcomas (CCCS). Our research revealed that lower levels of ER stress promote chondrosarcoma growth in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model, while intensive ER stress reduces primary chondrosarcoma cell viability. Furthermore, we discovered that the NF-κB pathway alleviates ER stress-induced apoptosis during chondrosarcoma progression. Our single-cell signatures and large public data support the use of key ER stress regulators, such as DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3 (DDIT3; also known as CHOP), as malignant markers for overall patient survival. Ultimately, our study highlights the significant role that ER stress plays in the malignant transformation of cartilaginous tumours and provides a valuable resource for future diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhuo Su
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joshua Wing Kei Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Ching Hing Yau
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Lee Lam
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tony Wai Hung Shek
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maximus Chun Fai Yeung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongtai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6HW, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Song Eng Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelvin Sin Chi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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6
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Elsamadicy AA, Sayeed S, Sherman JJZ, Hengartner AC, Pennington Z, Hersh AM, Lo SFL, Shin JH, Mendel E, Sciubba DM. Racial disparities in the management and outcomes of primary osseous neoplasms of the spine: a SEER analysis. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:293-301. [PMID: 38225469 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary osseous neoplasms of the spine, including Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma, are rare tumors with significant morbidity and mortality. The present study aims to identify the prevalence and impact of racial disparities on management and outcomes of patients with these malignancies. METHODS The 2000 to 2020 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Registry, a cancer registry, was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, or chordoma of the vertebral column or sacrum/pelvis. Study patients were divided into race-based cohorts: White, Black, Hispanic, and Other. Demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment variables, and mortality were assessed. RESULTS 2,415 patients were identified, of which 69.8% were White, 5.8% Black, 16.1% Hispanic, and 8.4% classified as "Other". Tumor type varied significantly between cohorts, with osteosarcoma affecting a greater proportion of Black patients compared to the others (p < 0.001). A lower proportion of Black and Other race patients received surgery compared to White and Hispanic patients (p < 0.001). Utilization of chemotherapy was highest in the Hispanic cohort (p < 0.001), though use of radiotherapy was similar across cohorts (p = 0.123). Five-year survival (p < 0.001) and median survival were greatest in White patients (p < 0.001). Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic (p < 0.001) and "Other" patients (p < 0.001) were associated with reduced survival. CONCLUSION Race may be associated with tumor characteristics at diagnosis (including subtype, size, and site), treatment utilization, and mortality, with non-White patients having lower survival compared to White patients. Further studies are necessary to identify underlying causes of these disparities and solutions for eliminating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladine A Elsamadicy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Sumaiya Sayeed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Josiah J Z Sherman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Astrid C Hengartner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu Larry Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Long Island Jewish Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - John H Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ehud Mendel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Long Island Jewish Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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7
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Assi A, Farhat M, Hachem MCR, Zalaquett Z, Aoun M, Daher M, Sebaaly A, Kourie HR. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in osteosarcoma: Adapting treatment strategiesa. J Bone Oncol 2023; 43:100511. [PMID: 38058514 PMCID: PMC10696463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2023.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive primary bone malignancy that metastasizes rapidly. The standard of care has changed little over the previous four decades, and survival rates have plateaued. In this context, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) emerge as potential treatments. A literature search was conducted to collect data related to receptor tyrosine kinase genetic alterations and expression in OS specimens. Gene amplification and protein expression of these receptors were linked to prognosis and tumor behavior. Relevant TKIs were evaluated as monotherapies and as parts of combination therapies. Certain TKIs, such as apatinib, regorafenib, and cabozantinib, present a potential therapeutic avenue for OS patients, especially when combined with chemotherapy. Producing long-lasting responses and enhancing quality of life remain key goals in OS treatment. To this effect, optimizing the use of TKIs by identifying biomarkers predictive of response and assessing promising TKIs in larger-scale trials to validate the efficacy and safety outcomes relative to these drugs reported in phase II clinical trials. To this effect, it is necessary to identify biomarkers predictive of response to TKIs in larger-scale trials and to validate the efficacy and safety of these drugs reported in phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Assi
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Farhat
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ziad Zalaquett
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marven Aoun
- Orthopedics Department, Hotel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Daher
- Orthopedics Department, Hotel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
- Orthopedics Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amer Sebaaly
- Orthopedics Department, Hotel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
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Campanacci L, Cevolani L, Focaccia M, Di Gennaro GL, Dozza B, Staals E, Zuccheri F, Bianchi G, Donati DM, Manfrini M. Lengthening Patients Previously Treated for Massive Lower Limb Reconstruction for Bone Tumors with the PRECICE 2 Nail. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1772. [PMID: 38002863 PMCID: PMC10670507 DOI: 10.3390/children10111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the PRECICE 2® nail in the treatment of lower limb length discrepancy in patients with a history of bone tumors. This study reports on outcomes, complications, and the safety of the PRECICE 2 limb lengthening nail in a cohort of pediatric patients with limb length discrepancy after surgery for bone tumors. Seventeen patients were treated with intramedullary magnetic nails. The average patient age at the time of surgery was 19 (range 11-32). The PRECICE 2 nail was used on 14 femurs (6 retrograde and 8 anterograde) and 3 tibias. The average consolidation time was 141 days (range 50-360) with a mean CI of 31 ± 12 days/cm. The ASAMI bone score showed 14 (82%) excellent results, 1 (6%) good result, and 2 (12%) poor results. The ASAMI functional score showed 13 (84.6%) excellent results, 3 (11.5%) good results, and 1 (3.8%) fair result. Patients treated with chemotherapy for bone cancer did not show any increase in distraction time or consolidation time. A total of 3 (17%) problems, 1 obstacle (5.5%), and 1 complication (5.5%) were encountered in our case series. The PRECICE 2 nail allows for effective and accurate lengthening preserving the range of motion in patients treated for bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campanacci
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (M.F.); (E.S.); (F.Z.); (G.B.); (D.M.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Luca Cevolani
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (M.F.); (E.S.); (F.Z.); (G.B.); (D.M.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Focaccia
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (M.F.); (E.S.); (F.Z.); (G.B.); (D.M.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Giovanni Luigi Di Gennaro
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Barbara Dozza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Eric Staals
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (M.F.); (E.S.); (F.Z.); (G.B.); (D.M.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Federica Zuccheri
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (M.F.); (E.S.); (F.Z.); (G.B.); (D.M.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Bianchi
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (M.F.); (E.S.); (F.Z.); (G.B.); (D.M.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (M.F.); (E.S.); (F.Z.); (G.B.); (D.M.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Manfrini
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.C.); (M.F.); (E.S.); (F.Z.); (G.B.); (D.M.D.); (M.M.)
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9
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Daher M, Zalaquett Z, Mekhael E, Aoun M, Chalhoub R, Abdo M, Aoude M, Farraj SA, Ghoul A, Tarchichi J, Rassi J, Sebaaly A, Trak-Smayra V, Kesrouani C, Kourie HR, Ghanem I. Epidemiology of bone tumors in Lebanon: a retrospective study from 2000 to 2022 at a tertiary center. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO886. [PMID: 37752923 PMCID: PMC10518824 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Bone tumors are rare and have an uneven geographic distribution. Methods 730 patients diagnosed with bone tumors were included in this retrospective analysis. Results With a 64% rate of malignancy, the most common tumors were metastasis (40%) mostly in the axial skeleton, Osteosarcoma (9%) mostly in the femur, Osteochondroma (8%) mostly in the femur, giant cell tumors (7%) mostly in the knee, and Ewing's sarcoma (6%) mostly in the axial skeleton. Conclusion Even though a some of the tumors have a predilection for certain localizations in the human body, they may differ in the middle-eastern population. One must also pay attention to the higher rates of malignancies as compared with other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Daher
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Orthopedic Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Zalaquett
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Hematology-Oncology Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elio Mekhael
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Orthopedic Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marven Aoun
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Orthopedic Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Chalhoub
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Hematology-Oncology Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Majd Abdo
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Hematology-Oncology Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marc Aoude
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Hematology-Oncology Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sami Abi Farraj
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Orthopedic Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Ghoul
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Orthopedic Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean Tarchichi
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Orthopedic Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joe Rassi
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Orthopedic Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amer Sebaaly
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Orthopedic Department, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | - Ismat Ghanem
- Hôtel Dieu de France, Orthopedic Department, Beirut, Lebanon
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10
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Hassan SA, Shabaan AAA, Ahmed AR, Issa YA, Fadel SH, El-Sabaa BM. Clinicopathological significance of SOX9 and β-catenin expression in pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy cases of osteosarcoma: molecular and immunohistochemical study. J Histotechnol 2023; 46:127-138. [PMID: 37013797 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2023.2193526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma (OS), the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor of all age groups, is still obscure. Since multidrug chemotherapeutic regimens were introduced in the 1970s, survival rates have been stationary. The Wnt-β-catenin signaling cascade and SOX9 have a significant contribution to skeletal growth, development, and tumorigenesis. In the present work, an attempt was made to examine the role and clinicopathological significance of β-catenin and SOX9 in 46 cases of pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy OS tissues compared to 10 cases of non-neoplastic bone. The mRNA levels of both markers were assessed by qRT-PCR, and protein levels of β-catenin were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The results were correlated with different clinicopathological parameters. SOX9 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in OS compared to non-neoplastic bone, and higher levels were significantly associated with the occurrence of fluid-fluid levels (indicating blood-containing cystic spaces) and osteolytic radiological pattern. Although β-catenin mRNA and protein levels were higher in OS compared to non-neoplastic bone, only the protein levels reached statistical significance. Higher β-catenin mRNA levels were significantly associated with tumor size, while higher protein levels were significantly associated with the histologic subtype, mitotic count, and radiological pattern. No significant association was noted with any of the other evaluated parameters. OS showing higher SOX9 mRNA expression and lower β-catenin mRNA and protein expression exhibited longer estimated overall survival times approaching statistical significance. To conclude, while high expression of β-catenin and SOX9 suggests their possible involvement in OS development, their prognostic role may need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Adel Refaat Ahmed
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Amr Issa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shady Hassan Fadel
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
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11
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Gregori P, Perricone G, Franceschetti E, Giurazza G, Papalia GF, Zà P, Papalia R. Allograft Prosthesis Composite (APC) for Proximal Humeral Bone Loss: Outcomes and Perspectives. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1301. [PMID: 37763069 PMCID: PMC10532464 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Allograft prosthetic composite (APC) represents one of the techniques used for reconstruction in large proximal humeral bone deficits. The present systematic review aimed at summarizing the state of the art of the technique and analyzing its outcomes. (2) Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed to perform this systematic review. A systematic electronic search was performed using PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases. All the studies analyzing the rates of allograft prosthesis composite were pooled, and the data were extracted and analyzed. (3) Results: A total of 10 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review for a total of 239 patients. The rate of patient satisfaction with surgery was reported in 7 studies with a mean of 86.4% ± 13.64. The mean constant score was 45.7 ± 3.51, the mean ASES score was 63.58 ± 8.37, and the mean SST was 4.6 ± 1.04. The mean revision rate observed was 10.32% ± 3.63 and the mean implant survival was 83.66% ± 14.98. (4) Conclusions: Based on the currently available data, allograft prosthesis composite represents a valuable option for the reconstruction of proximal humeral deficits. All studies analyzed showed the favorable impact of this surgical technique on clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gregori
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy; (P.G.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (G.F.P.); (P.Z.); (R.P.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perricone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy; (P.G.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (G.F.P.); (P.Z.); (R.P.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Franceschetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy; (P.G.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (G.F.P.); (P.Z.); (R.P.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Giurazza
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy; (P.G.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (G.F.P.); (P.Z.); (R.P.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Francesco Papalia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy; (P.G.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (G.F.P.); (P.Z.); (R.P.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Zà
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy; (P.G.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (G.F.P.); (P.Z.); (R.P.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy; (P.G.); (G.P.); (G.G.); (G.F.P.); (P.Z.); (R.P.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 00128 Roma, Italy
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12
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Xu C, Wang M, Zandieh Doulabi B, Sun Y, Liu Y. Paradox: Curcumin, a Natural Antioxidant, Suppresses Osteosarcoma Cells via Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11975. [PMID: 37569346 PMCID: PMC10418684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive tumor with a rare incidence. Extended surgical resections are the prevalent treatment for OS, which may cause critical-size bone defects. These bone defects lead to dysfunction, weakening the post-surgical quality of patients' life. Hence, an ideal therapeutic agent for OS should simultaneously possess anti-cancer and bone repair capacities. Curcumin (CUR) has been reported in OS therapy and bone regeneration. However, it is not clear how CUR suppresses OS development. Conventionally, CUR is considered a natural antioxidant in line with its capacity to promote the nuclear translocation of a nuclear transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NRF2). After nuclear translocation, NRF2 can activate the transcription of some antioxidases, thereby circumventing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are deleterious to cells. Intriguingly, this research demonstrated that, in vitro, 10 and 20 μM CUR increased the intracellular ROS in MG-63 cells, damaged cells' DNA, and finally caused apoptosis of MG-63 cells, although increased NRF2 protein level and the expression of NRF2-regulated antioxidase genes were identified in those two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.X.); (M.W.); (B.Z.D.); (Y.S.)
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13
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Abdulfatah E, Rottmann D, Morag Y, Pantanowitz L, Udager AM, Hao W, Lucas DR. Conventional Chondrosarcoma of the Rib Cage and Sternum: Clinicopathological and Molecular Analysis of 27 Patients Treated at a Single Institution. Hum Pathol 2023; 136:63-74. [PMID: 37019410 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chondrosarcoma of the chest wall is rare, accounting for 15% of cases. Our purpose was to document clinicopathological, imaging and outcome results from a novel set of chest wall chondrosarcomas, and to analyze for <I>IDH</I> mutations and novel molecular alterations. Gross and microscopic pathology, imaging and clinical charts were reviewed. Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed to identify somatic mutations and copy number alterations. The cohort consisted of 27 patients: 16 men and 11 women (mean age 51 years; range 23-76). Palpable mass was the most common presentation. Five were discovered incidentally. Among 20 tumors with complete imaging, 15 arose from a rib and 5 from the sternum. Seven rib tumors were central/intramedullary, 5 were periosteal, 2 were secondary peripheral chondrosarcomas, and one was indeterminate. Among sternal tumors, 4 were central/intramedullary and one was periosteal. Half the periosteal tumors arose from the costochondral junctional cartilage (CCJ). Periosteal chondrosarcomas were sometimes mistaken for extraskeletal masses on initial clinical or radiological examinations. Fifty-nine percent of all tumors were grade 1 and 41% were grade 2. None were dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. Heterozygous <I>IDH1</I> mutation was detected in one tumor and heterozygous <I>RAD50</I> mutation in another. Local recurrence(s) happened in 41% and metastasis in 41%. Grade had strong association with local recurrence (25% grade 1 vs. 64% grade 2 [p=0.0447]), metastatic recurrence (19% grade 1 vs. 73% grade 2 [p=0.0058]), and survival. Although chest wall chondrosarcomas share morphologic and molecular features with other chondrosarcomas, there is a much higher incidence of periosteal chondrosarcomas. <I>IDH</I> mutant tumors are uncommon. Early diagnosis and margin-negative resection is treatment of choice since chondrosarcomas are chemo- and radioresistant.
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14
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Chen Y, Qin T, Chen Y, Gao M. Case report: Ewing sarcoma with EWSR-ERG fusion elevates procalcitonin extremely in the long term without infection. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1047738. [PMID: 36713573 PMCID: PMC9880485 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1047738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ewing sarcoma (ES) represents a rare, aggressive bone and soft-tissue cancer. Unlike breast, liver, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, Ewing sarcoma has had no representative tumor marker until now. The use of procalcitonin (PCT) as a tumor marker is also rarely reported. PCT is a clinically recognized and widely used inflammatory marker in recent years. In rare cases, PCT may also be falsely positive due to non-infectious factors. In the few previously reported papers regarding the correlation between tumors and PCT, we learned that abnormalities of PCT level can also be impacted by individual cancers. Case presentation Here, we first reported a case of Ewing sarcoma with markedly elevated PCT without infection and carried out some literature review. The patient was a middle-aged man with extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma whose lesion was located in the distal abdominal ileum. He had a sudden and unprovoked onset of high fever during chemotherapy before surgery. After multiple examinations, the patient's blood routine, C-reactive protein, blood culture, and CT examination showed no signs of infection, and even the culture from the end of the central venous catheter showed no pathogen growth. Only PCT increased dramatically to more than 200 ng/ml. PCT remained at this level for several months until a single abdominal lumpectomy was performed before it dropped to near-normal levels. Conclusion In our report, PCT is significantly elevated in Ewing sarcoma in the absence of infection. Not only that, but we particularly highlighted the precipitous drop in PCT following tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yan Chen, ; Ming Gao,
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yan Chen, ; Ming Gao,
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15
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He Y, Zhou H, Huang X, Qu Y, Wang Y, Pei W, Zhang R, Chen S, You H. Infiltration of LPAR5 + macrophages in osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment predicts better outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909932. [PMID: 36591220 PMCID: PMC9797602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor microenvironment (TME) has been shown to be extensively involved in tumor development. However, the dynamic change of TME components and their effects are still unclear. Here, we attempted to identify TME-related genes that could help predict survival and may be potential therapeutic targets. Methods Data was collected from UCSC Xena and GEO database. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms were applied to estimate the components and the proportions of TIICs in TME. We analyzed the gene expression differences of immune components and stromal components, respectively, and finally got the overlapped DEGs. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and univariate Cox regression analysis based on shared DEGs, we screened out and validated the TME-related genes. Focusing on this gene, we analyzed the expression and prognostic value of this gene, and investigated its relationship with immune cells by correlation analysis, single cell analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis. Results Through a series analysis, we found that the proportion of immune and stromal components was an important prognostic factor, and screened out a key gene, LPAR5, which was highly correlated with prognosis and metastasis. And the expression of LPAR5 was positively correlated with immune cells, especially macrophages, indicating LPAR5+ macrophages played an important role in tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma. Meanwhile, the genes in LPAR5 high expression group were enriched in immune-related activities and pathways, and differentially expressed genes between LPAR5+ macrophages and LPAR5- macrophages were enriched in the biological processes associated with phagocytosis and antigen presentation. What' more, we found that LPAR5 was mainly expressed in TME, and high LPAR5 expression predicting a better prognosis. Conclusion We identified a TME-related gene, LPAR5, which is a promising indicator for TME remodeling in osteosarcoma. Particularly, LPAR5+ macrophages might have great potential to be a prognostic factor and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojian Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunkun Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingguang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbin Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbo You
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Hongbo You,
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Simpson S, Rizvanov AA, Jeyapalan JN, de Brot S, Rutland CS. Canine osteosarcoma in comparative oncology: Molecular mechanisms through to treatment discovery. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:965391. [PMID: 36570509 PMCID: PMC9773846 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.965391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of non-communicable morbidity and mortality throughout the world, similarly, in dogs, the most frequent cause of mortality is tumors. Some types of cancer, including osteosarcoma (OSA), occur at much higher rates in dogs than people. Dogs therefore not only require treatment themselves but can also act as an effective parallel patient population for the human disease equivalent. It should be noted that although there are many similarities between canine and human OSA, there are also key differences and it is important to research and highlight these features. Despite progress using chorioallantoic membrane models, 2D and 3D in vitro models, and rodent OSA models, many more insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms, drug development, and treatment are being discovered in a variety of canine OSA patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Simpson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Jennie N. Jeyapalan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simone de Brot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,Comparative Pathology Platform (COMPATH), Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Catrin S. Rutland
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Han J, Kim WL, Kim Y, Cho HS, Oh JH. Does reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with allograft-prosthesis composite (APC) have surgical benefits over hemiarthroplasty with APC in patients with tumors of the proximal humerus? Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:1408-1415. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The research on surgical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using allograft-prosthesis composites for the proximal humeral oncologic condition is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to compare surgical outcomes of shoulder joint reconstruction with hemiarthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using allograft-prosthesis composites for tumors of the proximal humerus.
Methods
Eleven patients underwent hemiarthroplasty or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using allograft-prosthesis composites for tumors of the proximal humerus between July 2011 and April 2018 were reviewed. Radiographic analysis for bone union of allograft-host bone junction, implant loosening, stress shielding and shoulder dislocation or subluxation was performed. Functional outcomes were evaluated using visual analog scales for pain, range of motion, Simple Shoulder Test score and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score. Furthermore, oncologic outcome and complications were also assessed, respectively.
Results
There were five patients with hemiarthroplasty (mean age, 23.2 years) and six patients with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (mean age, 46.8 years, P = 0.05). Radiographically, there were no events associated with implant loosening, stress shielding and shoulder dislocation or subluxation in the two groups. There were no differences in functional outcomes between the two groups. There was no local recurrence in entire cohort. In the hemiarthroplasty group, one patient was required revision surgery to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty at postoperative 6 years due to rotator cuff dysfunction. In the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty group, one patient showed the fracture occurred at allograft-host bone junction at postoperative 6 months.
Conclusions
Surgical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty with allograft-prosthesis composites were not inferior to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty when applied in properly selected patients. The authors recommended that hemiarthroplasty with allograft-prosthesis composites could be used for young age patients without glenoid metastasis involvement, and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with allograft-prosthesis composites could be used for patients with old age or metastatic bone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Wan Lim Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yongsung Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hwan Seong Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Joo Han Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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18
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Xu Z, Niu K, Tang S, Song T, Rong Y, Guo W, He Z. Bone tumor necrosis rate detection in few-shot X-rays based on deep learning. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2022; 102:102141. [PMID: 36446309 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2022.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although biopsy-based necrosis rate is a golden standard for reflecting the sensitivity of bone tumor and guiding postoperative chemotherapy, it requires biopsy which is invasive and time-consuming. In this paper, we develop a new necrosis rate detection method using time series X-ray images instead of biopsy. To overcome the limitations of few-shot samples, the proposed method utilizes a Generative Adversarial Network with Long Short-term Memory to generate time series X-ray images. For further data expansion, an image-to-image translation network is applied for producing the initial images. These augmented data are treated as the training set of a 3D-Convolutional Neural Network classification model. Our method expands the few-shot bone tumor X-rays by 10 times, and approaches the necrotic rate classification result of biopsy, which is the state-of-the-art technique in the detection of few-shot bone tumor necrosis rate. Furthermore, it provides an efficient method to investigate the bone tumor necrosis rate in few-shot samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Kai Niu
- Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Shun Tang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Tianqi Song
- Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Yue Rong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Zhiqiang He
- Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
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He S, Jiang R, Sun H, Yang J, Ye C, Liu W, Yang X, Cai X, Xiao J. Surgical efficacy and survival prediction of patients with unspecified malignant bone tumors. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1078. [PMID: 36266614 PMCID: PMC9583561 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The surgical efficacy and prognostic outcomes of patients with unspecific malignant bone tumors (UMBTs) remain unclear. The study is to address: 1) What are the clinicopathological features and prognostic determinants for patients with UMBTs? 2) Can a nomogram be developed for clinicians to predict the short and long-term outcomes for individuals with UMBTs? 3) Does surgery improve outcomes for UMBT patients who received radiotherapy or chemotherapy after balancing the confounding bias? Methods 400 UMBT patients were filtrated from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to assess the clinicopathological features, treatments, and factors affecting prognosis. The optimal cutoff values of continuous variables were identified by the x-tile software. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling were performed to evaluate the independent prognostic factors. Nomogram was further developed by using R software with rms package. The surgical efficacy was further assessed for patients receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy after performing propensity score matching. Results The enrolled cohort included 195 (48.8%) female and 205 (51.2%) male patients. The 2- and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) rate were 58.2 ± 3.0%, 46.8 ± 3.2%, and 46.5 ± 2.6%, 34.4 ± 2.5%, respectively. Nomogram was finally developed for CSS and OS according to the identified independent factors: age, tumor extent, primary tumor surgery, tumor size, and pathology grade. For UMBT patients who received radiotherapy or chemotherapy, surgical intervention was associated with better CSS (pr = 0.003, pc = 0.002) and OS (pr = 0.035, pc = 0.002), respectively. Conclusions Nomogram was developed for individual UMBT patient to predict short and long-term CSS and OS rate, and more external patient cohorts are warranted for validation. Surgery improves outcomes for UMBT patients who received either radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10153-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui He
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Runyi Jiang
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Weibo Liu
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, Central Hospital of Qingdao, 127 Siliu south Road, Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Xiaopan Cai
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of a GSH Inert Bisphosphonate Platinum (II) Complex. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3137142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive neoplasm. Traditional platinum chemotherapeutic agents for osteosarcoma inevitably have acquired drug resistance and serious side effects, which have limited their utility. To slow down the reaction of platinum drugs with glutathione (GSH) is a strategy to overcome the resistance of platinum chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, the unique design of a GSH inert bisphosphonate platinum complex cis-{di(amino)platinum[tetraethyl 2,2-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)methylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate]} (DBPP) is reported. MTT assay demonstrates that DBPP showed moderate inhibition towards human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS cells. The cytostatic action of DBPP is related to conformational conversion from B-DNA to A-DNA and the unwinding of pUC19 DNA. DBPP could also destroy the tertiary structure of human serum albumin (HSA). Notably, 31P NMR and 1H NMR indicate that DBPP can hardly chelate with GSH, which could overcome the GSH-induced side effects. We envision that this unique design of the platinum complex would open up new ways to overcome GSH-induced resistance.
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21
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Manganelli Conforti P, D’Acunto M, Russo P. Deep Learning for Chondrogenic Tumor Classification through Wavelet Transform of Raman Spectra. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22197492. [PMID: 36236597 PMCID: PMC9571786 DOI: 10.3390/s22197492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The grading of cancer tissues is still one of the main challenges for pathologists. The development of enhanced analysis strategies hence becomes crucial to accurately identify and further deal with each individual case. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a promising tool for the classification of tumor tissues as it allows us to obtain the biochemical maps of the tissues under analysis and to observe their evolution in terms of biomolecules, proteins, lipid structures, DNA, vitamins, and so on. However, its potential could be further improved by providing a classification system which would be able to recognize the sample tumor category by taking as input the raw Raman spectroscopy signal; this could provide more reliable responses in shorter time scales and could reduce or eliminate false-positive or -negative diagnoses. Deep Learning techniques have become ubiquitous in recent years, with models able to perform classification with high accuracy in most diverse fields of research, e.g., natural language processing, computer vision, medical imaging. However, deep models often rely on huge labeled datasets to produce reasonable accuracy, otherwise occurring in overfitting issues when the training data is insufficient. In this paper, we propose a chondrogenic tumor CLAssification through wavelet transform of RAman spectra (CLARA), which is able to classify with high accuracy Raman spectra obtained from bone tissues. CLARA recognizes and grades the tumors in the evaluated dataset with 97% accuracy by exploiting a classification pipeline consisting of the division of the original task in two binary classification steps, where the first is performed on the original RS signals while the latter is accomplished through the use of a hybrid temporal-frequency 2D transform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario D’Acunto
- CNR-IBF, Istituto di Biofisica, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Russo
- DIAG Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Ariosto 25, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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22
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Desai K, Liu S, Baskovich B, Makary R. A Case Report and Brief Literature Review on Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma in Proximal Phalanx: A Rare Location. Cureus 2022; 14:e29105. [PMID: 36249651 PMCID: PMC9558361 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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23
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Gravina P, De Francesco F, Pangrazi PP, Gigante A, Riccio M. A Large Osteoid Osteoma of Trapezium: A Regenerative Approach and a Review of Literature. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY GLOBAL ONLINE 2022; 4:288-294. [PMID: 36157303 PMCID: PMC9492802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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24
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Edoardo I, Elisa F, Damiano RA, Silvia DF, Rodolfo C, Lorenzo A. Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (Nora Lesion): A Narrative Review. Acta Med Litu 2022; 29:176-193. [PMID: 37733437 PMCID: PMC9799002 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2022.29.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), or Nora lesion, is a rare proliferative disease arising from the parosteal region of bones. Although BPOP's pathogenesis is still not certain, modern literature suggests it to be a tumor-like lesion or even a benign neoplasm. Due to the extremely low incidence, to this date studies on the topic are limited to case reports and a few case series. This narrative review aims to resume literature on BPOP and provide an overview of its natural history, morphologic characteristics and prognostic horizon. Materials and methods A systematic research of the literature was done to identify studies reporting on patients who suffered from BPOP between 1983 and 2021. We collected data regarding aetiologic and pathogenetic theories, patients' personal data and anamnesis, lesions' location, clinical presentation, imaging features, pathological appearance, treatment and prognosis. Results We identified 322 cases of BPOP with a mean age of 34.3 years at the moment of diagnosis. There was no gender difference. The most involved site was the hand, followed by the foot. A history of trauma was reported for 14.7% of the cases. 38.7% of the patients had pain. Literature defined typical radiographic and microscopic patterns that characterize Nora lesions. While imaging is fundamental to orientate towards BPOP, histological evaluation is mandatory to get the definitive diagnosis. To this date, only reliable therapeutic option is represented by surgical resection. BPOP is burdened by a risk of recurrence that accounts to 37.4%. Conclusion BPOP is a rare benign disease that should be considered during the differential diagnosis of parosteal lesions, especially in the acral regions. Careful diagnostic evaluations are necessary to get the correct diagnosis and wide margins of resection are recommended to minimize the relatively high risk of local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipponi Edoardo
- University of Pisa: Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
| | - Ferrari Elisa
- University of Pisa: Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
| | | | - De Franco Silvia
- University of Pisa: Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
| | - Capanna Rodolfo
- University of Pisa: Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
| | - Andreani Lorenzo
- University of Pisa: Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
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25
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Localisation of the petrous internal carotid artery relative to the vidian canal on computed tomography: a case-control study evaluating the impact of petroclival chondrosarcoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 164:1939-1948. [PMID: 35612666 PMCID: PMC9233644 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The vidian canal (VC) is normally a reliable anatomical landmark for locating the petrous internal carotid artery (pICA). This study determined the influence of petroclival chondrosarcoma on the relationship between the VC and pICA. Methods Nine patients (3 males, 6 females; median age 49) with petroclival chondrosarcoma, and depiction of the pICA on contrast-enhanced CT, were retrospectively studied. CT-based measurements were performed by two observers, both in the presence of the petroclival chondrosarcoma (case) and on the contralateral control side. The antero-posterior (AP) and craniocaudal (CC) measurements from the posterior VC to the pICA, whether the pICA was in the trajectory of the VC, and the coronal relationship of the pICA anterior genu with the VC were recorded. Results Chondrosarcoma usually displaced the pICA anteriorly (8/9 cases) and superiorly (6/9 cases) relative to the normal side with mean AP and CC measurements of 3.9 mm v 7.2 mm (p = 0.054) and 4.4 mm v 1.4 mm (p = 0.061). The VC trajectory less frequently intersected the pICA cross-section in the presence of chondrosarcoma however it was in the line of the eroded dorsal VC in one case. The anterior genu of the pICA was displaced more laterally by chondrosarcoma but usually remained superior to the VC. Conclusion Petroclival chondrosarcoma variably influences the anatomical relationship between the VC and the pICA, hence requiring an individualised approach. The pICA is usually anterosuperiorly displaced, and the anterior genu remains superior to the VC, however it may be located in the line of the canal.
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Jawad MU, Pollock BH, Zeitlinger LN, O'Donnell EF, Traven SA, Carr-Ascher JR, Alvarez E, Malogolowkin MH, Thorpe SW, Randall RL. Impact of local treatment modality on overall- and disease-specific survival for nonmetastatic pelvic and sacral Ewing sarcoma. J Surg Oncol 2022; 126:577-587. [PMID: 35585834 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ideal local treatment modality for pelvic and sacral Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is controversial. METHODS We present the data from the American College of Surgeon's National Cancer Database (NCDB) and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database to investigate the impact of local treatment modalities on survival for nonmetastatic pelvic and sacral Ewing sarcoma. Local treatment includes "surgery," "radiation," and a combination of "surgery and radiation." RESULTS A total of 235 cases from SEER and 285 cases from NCDB were analyzed. Patients with "localized" stage (intraosseous) in the SEER database did not show any statistically significant difference in the disease-specific survival (DSS) for any of the local treatment modalities. Similar findings were observed for overall survival among patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage II and III in the NCDB database. However, patients with nonmetastatic disease, particularly regional disease (extraosseous), showed improved DSS with surgery only, in the SEER. CONCLUSION We found similar levels of efficacy for different treatment modalities for patients with intraosseous and AJCC II and III pelvic and sacral EWS. "Radiotherapy" is the most common local treatment modality employed in the United States. A prospective, randomized controlled trial with a direct head-to-head comparison is needed for a definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Jawad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Brad H Pollock
- Department of Public Health, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lauren N Zeitlinger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Edmond F O'Donnell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Sophia A Traven
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Janai R Carr-Ascher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Elysia Alvarez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Marcio H Malogolowkin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Steven W Thorpe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - R Lor Randall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Ramsingh K, Mohammed F, Hassranah D, Ramnarine I. Case report on the approach to surgical management for a large chest wall chondrosarcoma. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 94:107047. [PMID: 35462144 PMCID: PMC9046806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Primary chest wall tumours are uncommon. Challenges arise in management due to delays in diagnosis and timing of treatment. The mainstay of treatment remains complete resection as adjuvant therapy has a limited role. Choice of repair and materials for chest wall reconstruction vary depending on the size and location of the defect. There are no published reports on management of chondrosarcomas arising from the rib in the Caribbean. Case presentation A 61-year-old female was referred from a rural clinic with a 10-month history of a progressively enlarging, painless right anterior chest wall lump. Computed Tomography (CT) shows features of a conventional chondrosarcoma arising from the ribs and including surrounding soft tissue, muscle and pleura. Surgical specimen confirms a grade 2 chondrosarcoma. Clinical discussion This case illustrates the importance of a multidisciplinary team discussion. Differentiating a chondrosarcoma from a benign cartilaginous tumour requires consideration of clinical features, radiological characteristics and histological features. Chest wall reconstruction aims to preserve functional and structural integrity with adequate soft tissue coverage. The patient had good cosmesis as well as pulmonary function postoperatively and no recurrence at the 3 year follow up. Conclusion This case highlights that the MDT is essential to a good outcome for the surgical management of a chest wall chondrosarcoma. Wide en-bloc resection followed by reconstruction using polypropylene mesh and a latissimus dorsi flap as a one-stage procedure can be successful. Primary Chest wall tumors are uncommon. Chondrosarcomas less commonly occur in the chest wall, accounting for 15% of cases. Diagnosis and management can be challenging- a Multi- Disciplinary Team approach is required. Treatment remains surgical as chemotherapy has a limited role. Chest wall reconstruction can be done as a single-step surgical procedure using synthetic mesh and autologous muscle flap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Ramsingh
- Department of Surgery- Cardiothoracic Unit, University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Fayard Mohammed
- Department of Surgery- Plastic Surgery Unit, Port of Spain General Hospital, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Dale Hassranah
- Department of Surgery- Cardiothoracic Unit, University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Ian Ramnarine
- Department of Surgery- General Surgery Unit, Sangre Grande General Hospital, Trinidad and Tobago
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Jawad MU, Pollock BH, Alvarez E, Carr-Ascher JR, Randall RL, Thorpe SW. Non-Private Health Insurance Predicts Advanced Stage at Presentation and Amputation in Lower Extremity High Grade Bone Sarcoma: A National Cancer Database Study : Amputation Predicts Survival: An Effect Most Pronounced in Pediatric and AYA Age Group. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:10.1245/s10434-022-11494-4. [PMID: 35314919 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities for high grade bone sarcomas (HGBS) of lower extremity (LE) have enabled limb salvage resections as a feasible first-line surgical option. However, amputations are still performed. Impact of amputation on survival and predictive factors for amputation and the stage at presentation for HGBS of LE remain unknown. METHODS National Cancer Database was used to extract 5781 cases of high-grade bone sarcoma of the LE from 2004 to 2017. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to determine the impact of amputation on survival. Chi square test and logistic regression were used to assess the correlation of predictive factors with amputation and stage at presentation. RESULTS Amputation [hazard ratio (HR) 1.516; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.259-1.826; p < 0.001] and advanced stage (HR 0.248; 95% CI 0.176-0.351; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of poor overall survival. The impact of amputation on survival was most pronounced for pediatric and adolescents and young adults (AYA) age groups (18% decrease in 10-year survival). Amputation was more likely to be performed among those with nonprivate insurance (HR 1.736; 95% CI 1.191-2.531; p = 0.004), a finding that was mirrored for advanced stage at presentation (HR 0.611; 95% CI 0.414-0.902; p = 0.013). DISCUSSION Amputation is an independent predictor of poor outcomes among patients with HGBS of LE. The impact of amputation on survival is the highest for the pediatric and AYA age group. Nonprivate insurance is associated with increased likelihood of amputation and an advanced stage at presentation among patients with high-grade bone sarcoma of the LE. This is the largest study highlighting insurance-related disparities in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Jawad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Brad H Pollock
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elysia Alvarez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Janai R Carr-Ascher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R Lor Randall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Steven W Thorpe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Osteosarcoma of the Pelvis: Clinical Presentation and Overall Survival. Sarcoma 2021; 2021:8027314. [PMID: 34912177 PMCID: PMC8668338 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8027314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteosarcoma is the most common sarcoma of bone. Pelvic osteosarcoma presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to potential late symptom onset, metastatic dissemination at diagnosis, and inherent difficulties of wide surgical resection secondary to the complex and critical anatomy of the pelvis. The rates of survival are well reported for osteosarcoma of the appendicular skeleton, but specific details regarding presentation and survival are less known for osteosarcoma of the pelvis. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program was queried for primary osteosarcoma of the bony pelvis from 2004 to 2015. Cases with Collaborative Staging variables (available after 2004) were analyzed by grade, histologic subtype, surgical intervention, tumor size, tumor extension, and presence of metastasis at diagnosis. The 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were assessed with respect to these variables. The SEER database was then queried for age, tumor size, surgical intervention, metastasis at time of presentation, and survivorship data for patients with primary osteosarcoma of the upper extremity, lower extremity, vertebrae, thorax, and face/skull, and rates for all anatomic locations were then compared to patients with primary pelvic osteosarcoma. Results A total of 292 cases of pelvic osteosarcoma were identified from 2004 to 2015 within the database, representing 9.8% of cases among all surveyed primary sites. The most common histologic subtype was osteoblastic osteosarcoma (69.9%), followed by chondroblastic osteosarcoma (22.3%). The majority of cases were high-grade tumors (94.3%), of size >8 cm (72.0%), and with extension beyond the originating bone (74.0%). For the entire pelvic osteosarcoma group, the 2-, 5-, 10-year survival rates were 45.6%, 26.5%, and 21.4%, respectively, which were the poorest among surveyed anatomic sites. The 5-year overall survival was an abysmal 5.3% for patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis, and 37.0% for non-metastatic pelvic osteosarcoma treated with surgery and chemotherapy. When compared to other locations, pelvic osteosarcoma had higher rates of metastatic disease at presentation (33.5%), larger median tumor size (11.0 cm), and older median age at diagnosis (47.5 years). While over 85% of patients with tumors at the extremities received surgery, only 47.4% of pelvic osteosarcomas in this cohort received surgical resection—likely influenced by larger tumor size, sacral involvement, frequency of metastasis, older age, or delayed referral to a sarcoma center. Conclusion This study clarifies presenting features and clinical outcomes of pelvic osteosarcomas, which often present with large, high-grade tumors with extracompartmental extension, high likelihood of metastatic disease at diagnosis, and a potential limited ability to be addressed surgically. The survival rates of primary osteosarcoma of the pelvis are poor and are lower than osteosarcomas from other anatomic locations. While acknowledging the influence of metastasis, tumor characteristics, and advanced age on the decision to undergo surgical excision of a pelvic osteosarcoma, the rates of surgical resection are low and highlight the importance of understanding appropriate conditions for oncologic resection of pelvic sarcomas.
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Testa S, Hu BD, Saadeh NL, Pribnow A, Spunt SL, Charville GW, Bui NQ, Ganjoo KN. A Retrospective Comparative Analysis of Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Osteosarcoma. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:5304-5317. [PMID: 34940082 PMCID: PMC8700626 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy in both children and adults. Despite introduction of intensive multimodal treatment with chemotherapy and surgery, outcomes are still poor, especially for patients with metastatic disease and adults. Hence, there is an ongoing need for better prognostic markers and outcome data to inform management decisions in both the adult and pediatric setting. Here, we retrospectively analyzed 112 patients with bone osteosarcoma treated at two large adult and pediatric tertiary academic centers between 1989 and 2019. Patients were divided into an adult (≥18 years) and pediatric (<18 years) cohort for comparison. Our aim was to evaluate predictors of outcomes in pediatric and adult patients, with a specific focus on the role of methotrexate when added to a combination of doxorubicin-cisplatin; the prognostic value of tumor necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy; and outlining any differences in outcomes between adults and pediatric patients that could inform clinical management. Adult patients treated with methotrexate-doxorubicin-cisplatin and those treated with doxorubicin-cisplatin had similar 5-year PFS (26%, 95%CI: 45.5%–10% vs. 50%, 95%CI: 69.6%–26.2%, p = 0.1) and 5-year OS (63%, 95%CI: 82%–34%, vs. 78%, 95%CI: 90.6%–52.6%, p = 0.5). In the adult cohort, there was no difference between patients with ≥90% necrosis and <90% necrosis in either 5-year PFS (42%, 95%CI: 71.1%–11.3% vs. 38%, 95%CI: 57.7%–18.2%, p = 0.4) or 5-year OS (85%, 95%CI: 97.8%–33.4% vs. 56%, 95%CI: 76.8%–27.6%, p = 0.4). In the pediatric cohort, compared to patients with <90% necrosis, those with ≥90% necrosis had significantly better 5-year PFS (30%, 95%CI: 49.3%–14.1% vs. 55%, 95%CI: 73.9%–38.5%, p = 0.003) and 5-year OS (64%, 95%CI: 80.8%–41.1% vs. 78%, 95%CI: 92%–60.9%, p = 0.04). Adult and pediatric patients had similar 5-year OS (69%, 95%CI: 83.2%–49.8% vs. 73%, 95%CI: 83.2%–59.3%, p = 0.8) and 5-year PFS (37%, 95%CI: 52.4%–22.9% vs. 43%, 95%CI: 56.2%–30.4% p = 0.3) even though the proportion of patients with ≥90% necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was higher for children compared to adults (60.3% vs. 30%, OR: 3.54, 95%CI: 1.38–8.46, p = 0.006). In conclusion, in adult patients, the addition of methotrexate to doxorubicin and cisplatin did not correlate with a significant survival benefit, questioning the therapeutic value of methotrexate overall. Our study confirms the prognostic utility of percent tumor necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pediatric patients but not in adult patients. Lastly, this is one of the few reported studies where patients with osteosarcoma younger and older than 18 years had similar PFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Testa
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (K.N.G.)
| | - Benjamin D. Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (B.D.H.); (A.P.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Natalie L. Saadeh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (N.L.S.); (N.Q.B.)
| | - Allison Pribnow
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (B.D.H.); (A.P.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Sheri L. Spunt
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (B.D.H.); (A.P.); (S.L.S.)
| | | | - Nam Q. Bui
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (N.L.S.); (N.Q.B.)
| | - Kristen N. Ganjoo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (N.L.S.); (N.Q.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (K.N.G.)
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Xu C, Wang M, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Sun W, Wei L, Liu Y. To B (Bone Morphogenic Protein-2) or Not to B (Bone Morphogenic Protein-2): Mesenchymal Stem Cells May Explain the Protein's Role in Osteosarcomagenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740783. [PMID: 34869325 PMCID: PMC8635864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), a primary malignant bone tumor, stems from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and/or committed osteoblast precursors. Distant metastases, in particular pulmonary and skeletal metastases, are common in patients with OS. Moreover, extensive resection of the primary tumor and bone metastases usually leads to bone defects in these patients. Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been widely applied in bone regeneration with the rationale that BMP-2 promotes osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. Thus, BMP-2 might be useful after OS resection to repair bone defects. However, the potential tumorigenicity of BMP-2 remains a concern that has impeded the administration of BMP-2 in patients with OS and in populations susceptible to OS with severe bone deficiency (e.g., in patients with genetic mutation diseases and aberrant activities of bone metabolism). In fact, some studies have drawn the opposite conclusion about the effect of BMP-2 on OS progression. Given the roles of BMSCs in the origination of OS and osteogenesis, we hypothesized that the responses of BMSCs to BMP-2 in the tumor milieu may be responsible for OS development. This review focuses on the relationship among BMSCs, BMP-2, and OS cells; a better understanding of this relationship may elucidate the accurate mechanisms of actions of BMP-2 in osteosarcomagenesis and thereby pave the way for clinically safer and broader administration of BMP-2 in the future. For example, a low dosage of and a slow-release delivery strategy for BMP-2 are potential topics for exploration to treat OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Xu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Behrouz Zandieh-Doulabi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Wei
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oral Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Micaily I, Roche M, Ibrahim MY, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Mallick AB. Metabolic Pathways and Targets in Chondrosarcoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:772263. [PMID: 34938658 PMCID: PMC8685273 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.772263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are the second most common primary bone malignancy. Chondrosarcomas are characterized by the production of cartilaginous matrix and are generally resistant to radiation and chemotherapy and the outcomes are overall poor. Hence, there is strong interest in determining mechanisms of cancer aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance in chondrosarcomas. There are metabolic alterations in chondrosarcoma that are linked to the epigenetic state and tumor microenvironment that drive treatment resistance. This review focuses on metabolic changes in chondrosarcoma, and the relationship between signaling via isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2), hedgehog, PI3K-mTOR-AKT, and SRC, as well as histone acetylation and angiogenesis. Also, potential treatment strategies targeting metabolism will be discussed including potential synergy with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Micaily
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Megan Roche
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohammad Y. Ibrahim
- Saint Francis Medical Center, Seton Hall University, Trenton, NJ, United States
| | | | - Atrayee Basu Mallick
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Sheikh TN, Chen X, Xu X, McGuire JT, Ingham M, Lu C, Schwartz GK. Growth Inhibition and Induction of Innate Immune Signaling of Chondrosarcomas with Epigenetic Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2362-2371. [PMID: 34552007 PMCID: PMC8643315 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are inherently resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, pointing to an unmet need for new treatment options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have shown remarkable promise in multiple solid cancer types, have limited efficacy in chondrosarcomas. Mutations in IDH1/2 genes, which result in progressive increases in DNA and histone methylation, are observed in 50% of conventional chondrosarcomas, suggesting that epigenetic dysregulation represents a potential barrier for tumor progression and target for therapeutic intervention. Here, we demonstrated that combined treatment of FDA-approved inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza), and histone deacetylases (HDACs) suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) impaired the proliferation of chondrosarcoma cell lines in vitro and in xenograft studies. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that chondrosarcoma cells treated with 5-aza and SAHA markedly elevated the expression of IFN-stimulated genes including PD-L1, indicating that these epigenetic drugs induced a potent innate immune response. We demonstrated that 5-aza and SAHA resulted in both genomic and epigenomic instability, as shown by elevated DNA damage response and derepression of retrotransposons, respectively, which in turn activated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the downstream IFN signaling pathways. Importantly, the cytotoxic effects of 5-aza and SAHA can be rescued by depletion of PRRs such as cGAS and MAVS, and potentiated by depletion of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1. Together, our results demonstrate preclinical activity of combined DNMT and HDAC inhibition against chondrosarcomas and suggest that targeted epigenetic therapies could represent a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of chondrosarcomas, and this is being tested in an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04340843).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir N Sheikh
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Xinjing Xu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - John T McGuire
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Ingham
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Zhang H, Chen G, Lyu X, Rong C, Wang Y, Xu Y, Lyu C. A Novel Predictive Model Associated with Osteosarcoma Metastasis. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8411-8423. [PMID: 34785949 PMCID: PMC8590484 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s332387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have diverse roles in modulating gene expression on both transcriptional and translational levels, but their involvement in osteosarcoma (OS) metastasis remains unknown. Patients and Methods Transcriptional and clinical data were downloaded from TARGET datasets. A total of seven lncRNAs screened by univariate cox regression, lasso regression, and multivariate cox regression analysis were used to establish the OS metastasis model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the model. Results The established model showed exceptional predictive performance (1 year: AUC = 0.92, 95% Cl = 0.83-0.99; 3 years: AUC = 0.87, 95% Cl = 0.79-0.96; 5 years: AUC = 0.86, 95% Cl = 0.76-0.96). Patients in the high group had a poor survival outcome than those in the low group (p < 0.0001). GSEA analysis revealed that "NOTCH_SIGNALING" and "WNT_BETA_CATENIN_SIGNALING" were significantly enriched and that resting dendritic cells were associated with AL512422.1, AL357507.1, and AC006033.2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Based on seven prognosis-related lncRNAs, we constructed a novel model with high reliability and accuracy for predicting metastasis in OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiajie Lyu
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Rong
- Department of Operation Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Lyu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Klangjorhor J, Pongnikorn D, Phanphaisarn A, Chaiyawat P, Teeyakasem P, Suksakit P, Pasena A, Udomruk S, Orrapin S, Pornwattanavate S, Waisri N, Daoprasert K, Wisanuyotin T, Santong C, Sangrajrang S, Sitthikong S, Tuntarattanapong P, Prechawittayakul P, Pruksakorn D. An analysis of the incidence and survival rates of bone sarcoma patients in thailand: reports from population-based cancer registries 2001-2015. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 76:102056. [PMID: 34798388 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiology data from population-based cancer registries (PBCR) can be very valuable in the development of health policy and for improving the quality of cancer control strategies. METHODS This study analyzed the incidence of bone sarcomas in Thailand during 2001 - 2015 by analyzing data obtained from 5 PBCRs across country. Incidence rates per million person-years by sex, histological subtype, primary site and 5-year age group were calculated. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were adjusted using the WHO's World Standard Population and comparisons between populations were done using standardized rate ratios (SRR). Incidence trends were evaluated using Joinpoint Trend Analysis. Survival rates were analyzed using STATA. RESULTS The ASR of bone sarcomas in Thailand was 5.1/106 person-years, with an estimated 328 newly diagnosed bone sarcomas per year for the country overall. Osteosarcoma (52.5%), chondrosarcoma (18%), Ewing's sarcoma (11.6%), giant cell tumor (4.8%) and chordoma (4.7%) were the most common malignant bone tumors, representing 91.5% of all bone sarcomas. Bone sarcoma has a predilection for males (1.29:1) and an age-specific bimodal rate pattern closely related to the major histological subtypes, osteosarcoma. One- and five-year survival rates of Thai patients with bone sarcoma were 74% and 52%, respectively. Survival rates of bone sarcomas, particularly osteosarcoma, were lower than the rates reported from the United States, Europe and Japan. CONCLUSION The lower overall survival rate of bone sarcoma represented the gap of bone sarcoma control program in Thailand. That indicates the need for improvement in health promotion, treatment process and chemotherapy for bone sarcoma patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Areerak Phanphaisarn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimpisa Teeyakasem
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pathacha Suksakit
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Arnat Pasena
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasimol Udomruk
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Santhasiri Orrapin
- Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Samatit Pornwattanavate
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Narate Waisri
- Chiang Mai Cancer Registry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Taweechok Wisanuyotin
- Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kean, Thailand
| | - Chalongpon Santong
- Cancer Unit, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kean, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pakjai Tuntarattanapong
- Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Paradee Prechawittayakul
- Cancer Information Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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36
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Botros D, Ford K, Holderread B, Mollabashy A, Rizkalla J. Synovial chondromatosis of the distal radio-ulnar joint. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2021; 34:701-702. [PMID: 34732993 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2021.1953877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a benign metaplastic proliferation of cartilaginous nodules within the synovial membrane. Primary SC, though a rare monoarticular disease, significantly impacts patients' functional and pain-related outcomes. We outline the case of a 52-year-old man who presented with a large mass on the volar-ulnar aspect of his left wrist. Biopsy and workup revealed SC of the distal radio-ulnar joint. Though most cases of SC can be managed with arthroscopic or intralesional resection of the mass, a subset of extremely aggressive cases of SC may ultimately fail intralesional resection. Patients must be counseled about the possibility of amputation as an ultimate treatment option for the resolution of their pain and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Botros
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Coptic Medical Association of North America Research Institute , Dallas , Texas
| | - Ken Ford
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center , Dallas , Texas
| | - Brendan Holderread
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center , Dallas , Texas
| | - Al Mollabashy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center , Dallas , Texas
| | - James Rizkalla
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Coptic Medical Association of North America Research Institute , Dallas , Texas.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center , Dallas , Texas
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Lex JR, Adlan A, Tsoi K, Evans S, Stevenson JD. Frequency and reason for reoperation following non-invasive expandable endoprostheses: A systematic review. J Bone Oncol 2021; 31:100397. [PMID: 34712555 PMCID: PMC8529098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant failure is the most common reason for revision of growing prostheses. Maximum prosthesis growth with a residual LLD is the most common mode of failure. Functional outcomes are good, but 1/ 5 patients have a persistent LLD over 2 cm.
Background Non-invasive expandable endoprostheses (NIEPR) utilize an external electromagnetic field to drive an innate mechanical gearbox. This lengthens the extremity following oncological resections in children with a predicted limb length discrepancy (LLD), facilitating limb-salvage. This review was conducted to assess NIEPR implant survival rates and identify modes of implant failure unique to these prostheses. Methods Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for all manuscripts evaluating implant survival of NIEPRs implanted into skeletally immature patients following resection of extremity sarcomas. Minimum follow-up of 12 months or implant failure was required for inclusion. Failures were classified using the latest ISOLS classification and exact implant-specific failure modality was also identified. Results 19 studies met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 10.0 years (7.7 – 11.4 years). The most common locations for NIEPR implantation were the distal femur (343, 76.7%) and proximal tibia (53, 119%). Mean follow-up was 65.3 months (19.4 – 163 months). The overall implant revision rate was 46.2% (0 – 100%); implant specific revisions included maximal prosthesis lengthening with persistent LLD (10.4%), failed extension mechanism (6.1%), implant fracture (7.7%), hinge fracture (1.4%) and bushing wear (0.9%). Persistent clinically significant (>20 mm) LLD at final follow-up was present in 19.2% (0 – 50%) of patients. The mean MSTS score was 85.1% (66.7–96.3%) at final follow-up. Conclusion Implant-related failures are the most common reason for NIEPR revision. Implant reliability appears to be improved with current designs. A sub-classification to the current classification system based on implant-specific failures for NIEPRs is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan R Lex
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Oncology Department, Birmingham, West Midlands B31 2AP, UK.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amirul Adlan
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Oncology Department, Birmingham, West Midlands B31 2AP, UK
| | - Kim Tsoi
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,University Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Scott Evans
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Oncology Department, Birmingham, West Midlands B31 2AP, UK
| | - Jonathan D Stevenson
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Oncology Department, Birmingham, West Midlands B31 2AP, UK.,Aston University Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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38
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Girisa S, Henamayee S, Parama D, Rana V, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Targeting Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) for developing novel therapeutics against cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:21. [PMID: 35006466 PMCID: PMC8607382 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the lethal diseases that arise due to the molecular alterations in the cell. One of those alterations associated with cancer corresponds to differential expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor regulating bile, cholesterol homeostasis, lipid, and glucose metabolism. FXR is known to regulate several diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases, the two highly reported causes of mortality globally. Recent studies have shown the association of FXR overexpression with cancer development and progression in different types of cancers of breast, lung, pancreas, and oesophagus. It has also been associated with tissue-specific and cell-specific roles in various cancers. It has been shown to modulate several cell-signalling pathways such as EGFR/ERK, NF-κB, p38/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and JAK/STAT along with their targets such as caspases, MMPs, cyclins; tumour suppressor proteins like p53, C/EBPβ, and p-Rb; various cytokines; EMT markers; and many more. Therefore, FXR has high potential as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cancer. Thus, the present review focuses on the diverse role of FXR in different cancers and its agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosmitha Girisa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sahu Henamayee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Tung FI, Chen LC, Wang YC, Chen MH, Shueng PW, Liu TY. Using a Hybrid Radioenhancer to Discover Tumor Cell-targeted Treatment for Osteosarcoma: An In Vitro Study. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3877-3889. [PMID: 33213306 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201118155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is insensitive to radiation. High-dose radiation is often used as a treatment but causes side effects in patients. Hence, it is important to develop tumor cell-- targeted radiotherapy that could improve radiotherapy efficiency on tumor cells and reduce the toxic effect on normal cells during radiation treatment. In this study, we developed an innovative method for treating osteosarcoma by using a novel radiation-enhancer (i.e., carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan-coated self-assembled Au@Fe3O4 nanoparticles; CSAF NPs). CSAF NPs were employed together with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5- ALA) to achieve tumor cell-targeted radiotherapy. In this study, osteosarcoma cells (MG63) and normal cells (MC3T3-E1) were used for an in vitro investigation, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, cell viability assay, clonogenic assay, and western blot were used to confirm the treatment efficiency. The ROS assay showed that the combination of CSAF NPs and 5-ALA enhanced radiation-induced ROS production in tumor cells (MG63); however, this was not observed in normal cells (MC3T3-E1). The cell viability ratio of normal cells to tumor cells after treatment with CSAF NPs and 5-ALA reached 2.79. Moreover, the clonogenic assay showed that the radiosensitivity of MG63 cells was increased by the combination use of CSAF NPs and 5-ALA. This was supported by performing a western blot that confirmed the expression of cytochrome c (a marker of cell mitochondria damage) and caspase-3 (a marker of cell apoptosis). The results provide an essential basis for developing tumor-cell targeted radiotherapy by means of low-- dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-I Tung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Li-Chin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Pei-Wei Shueng
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, China
| | - Tse-Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
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40
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Passeri T, di Russo P, Champagne PO, Bernat AL, Cartailler J, Guichard JP, Mammar H, Giammattei L, Adle-Biassette H, George B, Mandonnet E, Froelich S. Tumor Growth Rate as a New Predictor of Progression-Free Survival After Chordoma Surgery. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:291-299. [PMID: 33989415 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, different postoperative predictors of chordoma recurrence have been identified. Tumor growth rate (TGR) is an image-based calculation that provides quantitative information of tumor's volume changing over time and has been shown to predict progression-free survival (PFS) in other tumor types. OBJECTIVE To explore the usefulness of TGR as a new preoperative radiological marker for chordoma recurrence. METHODS A retrospective single-institution study was carried out including patients reflecting these criteria: confirmed diagnosis of chordoma on pathological analysis, no history of previous radiation, and at least 2 preoperative thin-slice magnetic resonance images available to measure TGR. TGR was calculated for all patients, showing the percentage change in tumor size over 1 mo. RESULTS A total of 32 patients were retained for analysis. Patients with a TGR ≥ 10.12%/m had a statistically significantly lower mean PFS (P < .0001). TGR ≥ 10.12%/m (odds ratio = 26, P = .001) was observed more frequently in recurrent chordoma. In a subgroup analysis, we found that the association of Ki-67 labeling index ≥ 6% and TGR ≥ 10.12%/m was correlated with recurrence (P = .0008). CONCLUSION TGR may be considered as a preoperative radiological indicator of tumor proliferation and seems to preoperatively identify more aggressive tumors with a higher tendency to recur. Our findings suggest that the therapeutic strategy and clinical-radiological follow-up of patients with chordoma can be adapted also according to this new parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Passeri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Paolo di Russo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Champagne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Bernat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérome Cartailler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean Pierre Guichard
- Department of Neuroradiology, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hamid Mammar
- Protontherapy Center, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Lorenzo Giammattei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Homa Adle-Biassette
- Department of Anatomo-pathology, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bernard George
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Mandonnet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Froelich
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
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Prasad SR, Kumar TSS, Jayakrishnan A. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for bone cancer therapy: a review. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33853043 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abf7d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the bone and destroys the healthy bone tissues. Of the various types of bone tumors, osteosarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed primary bone malignancy. The standard treatment for primary malignant bone tumors comprises surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Owing to the lack of proven treatments, different forms of alternative therapeutic approaches have been examined in recent decades. Among the new therapeutic methodologies, nanotechnology-based anticancer therapy has paved the way for new targeted strategies for bone cancer treatment and bone regeneration. They include approaches such as the co-delivery of multiple drug cargoes, the enhancement of their biodistribution and transport properties, normalizing accumulation and the optimization of drug release profiles to overcome shortcomings of the existing therapy. This review examines the standard treatments for osteosarcoma, their lacunae, and the evolving therapeutic strategies based on nanocarrier-mediated combinational drug delivery systems, and future perspectives for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ram Prasad
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Trivandrum 695 014 Kerala, India
| | - T S Sampath Kumar
- Medical Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Jayakrishnan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Trivandrum 695 014 Kerala, India
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42
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An unusual presentation of osteosarcoma in the proximal femur with peculiar diagnostic characteristics: a retrospective series. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Clinicopathologic characteristics of laryngeal chondrosarcoma: An analysis of the National Cancer Database. Auris Nasus Larynx 2021; 48:956-962. [PMID: 33812757 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Laryngeal Chondrosarcoma (LC) is a rare malignancy with limited studies documenting its clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment options. This study reports demographic and clinical determinants of outcomes for this rare tumor. METHODS The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for cases of LC reported from 2004-2016. 274 cases that met inclusion criteria were analyzed for demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics. Kaplan-Meier (KM) and Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted to identify variables that impacted the overall survival of these patients. RESULTS LC was found to be more common in males (74.8%). The mean age of patients was 61.8 years and 92.3% of the patients were white. 91.3% of patients were treated with only surgical resection, most commonly: partial laryngectomy (31.6%), total laryngectomy (25.7%), and local resection (22.4%). 98.8% of patients had no evidence of nodal disease and 99.6% of patients did not have distant metastasis at presentation. KM analysis revealed a 5-year overall survival (5YOS) of 89.0%. Age, insurance status, facility type, and surgery type were significant predictors of 5YOS (p<0.05). On Cox Proportional Hazard analysis, private insurance significantly improved survival (HR 0.21; p = 0.048) while increasing age was a poor prognostic indicator (HR 1.10; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The majority of LC patients present with no nodal involvement or distant metastasis at diagnosis, and overall this tumor has a favorable prognosis. Increasing age was found to be a poor prognostic factor while private insurance status was associated with improved survival.
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Husain R, Garcia RA, Huang M, Corcuera-Solano I, Dayan E. Epiphyseal Ewing Sarcoma in a skeletally mature patient: A case report and review of the literature. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:1191-1197. [PMID: 33815640 PMCID: PMC8010574 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While Ewing sarcoma of bone is the second most common primary osseous malignancy in childhood where it typically involves the diaphysis or metadiaphyses of long bones of skeletally immature patients, primary epiphyseal involvement of the long bone in skeletally mature patients is rare with no cases reported in the literature to our knowledge, rendering this case the first of its kind. We present the first case of primary Ewing Sarcoma of the epiphyses of the long bones in a skeletally mature 20-year-old male patient. The patient initially presented with left knee stiffness and pain that was empirically treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. His pain progressed despite treatment. An x-ray of the left knee was obtained 5 months later demonstrating an irregular lucent lesion in the medial femoral condyle. A subsequent MRI revealed an enhancing lesion in the medial femoral condyle, and when biopsied it was consistent with Ewing sarcoma (positive for EWSR1gene rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization). The lesion was resected surgically, and the patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a good clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Husain
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Mount Sinai Health System, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Roberto A Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street Room 2W-141, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Mingqian Huang
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Mount Sinai Health System, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Idoia Corcuera-Solano
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Mount Sinai Health System, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Etan Dayan
- Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Mount Sinai Health System, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Pathogenesis and Current Treatment of Osteosarcoma: Perspectives for Future Therapies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061182. [PMID: 33809018 PMCID: PMC8000603 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults. The standard-of-care curative treatment for osteosarcoma utilizes doxorubicin, cisplatin, and high-dose methotrexate, a standard that has not changed in more than 40 years. The development of patient-specific therapies requires an in-depth understanding of the unique genetics and biology of the tumor. Here, we discuss the role of normal bone biology in osteosarcomagenesis, highlighting the factors that drive normal osteoblast production, as well as abnormal osteosarcoma development. We then describe the pathology and current standard of care of osteosarcoma. Given the complex heterogeneity of osteosarcoma tumors, we explore the development of novel therapeutics for osteosarcoma that encompass a series of molecular targets. This analysis of pathogenic mechanisms will shed light on promising avenues for future therapeutic research in osteosarcoma.
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46
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Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051086. [PMID: 33802565 PMCID: PMC7961818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent studies have shown the pro-tumoral role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) not only in major types of carcinomas but also in sarcomas. Several types of TAM-targeted drugs have been investigated under clinical trials, which may represent a novel therapeutic approach for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. Abstract Sarcomas are complex tissues in which sarcoma cells maintain intricate interactions with their tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and have a dominant role as orchestrators of tumor-related inflammation. TAMs promote tumor growth and metastasis, stimulate angiogenesis, mediate immune suppression, and limit the antitumor activity of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Evidence suggests that the increased infiltration of TAMs and elevated expression of macrophage-related genes are associated with poor prognoses in most solid tumors, whereas evidence of this in sarcomas is limited. Based on these findings, TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies, such as inhibition of CSF-1/CSF-1R, CCL2/CCR2, and CD47/SIRPα, have been developed and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. While most of the therapeutic challenges that target sarcoma cells have been unsuccessful and the prognosis of sarcomas has plateaued since the 1990s, several clinical trials of these strategies have yielded promising results and warrant further investigation to determine their translational benefit in sarcoma patients. This review summarizes the roles of TAMs in sarcomas and provides a rationale and update of TAM-targeted therapy as a novel treatment approach for sarcomas.
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Alder KD, Morris MT, Hao Z, Li L, Yu KE, Lee FY. Avoiding Limb-Length Discrepancy with Reconstruction of a Massive Tibial Defect Using a Bone Allograft and a Minimally Invasive Lengthening System in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2021; 10:e0456. [PMID: 32649132 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.19.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CASE A 7-year-old boy was found to have Ewing sarcoma of the left tibia. The sarcoma was resected, and the defect was reconstructed using a humeral head allograft and intramedullary limb-lengthening nail. CONCLUSIONS Limb-salvage reconstruction in children can be complicated by the sacrifice of epiphyseal plates and limb-length discrepancies and thus requires techniques tailored to each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareme D Alder
- 1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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48
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Zheng Y, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Xu X, Yang H. Silencing of Long Non-Coding RNA LINC00607 Prevents Tumor Proliferation of Osteosarcoma by Acting as a Sponge of miR-607 to Downregulate E2F6. Front Oncol 2021; 10:584452. [PMID: 33585204 PMCID: PMC7877452 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.584452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), a type of malignant bone tumor, is commonly found in children and adolescents. Although previous studies have identified that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate OS, it is unclear whether lncRNAs impact the progression of OS. Here, we identified LINC00607, a lncRNA that facilitates OS proliferation, migration, and invasion. Based on the RNA-sequencing results, LINC00607 expression was significantly upregulated in pulmonary metastasis within OS. Functional experiments revealed that LINC00607 promoted migration and invasion of endothelial cells to exacerbate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the results of RNA pull-down assay and invasion assay suggested that the binding between LINC00607 and miR-607 promoted OS invasion. Bioinformatic analysis and rescue experiments demonstrated that E2F6, a transcriptional factor, functioned downstream of LINC00607/miR-607. Finally, we found that LINC00607 promoted OS progression in vivo. This work revealed that LINC00607 worked as an miR-607 sponge to upregulate E2F6 expression, which promoted tumor proliferation in OS. These results identified a novel therapeutic target for treating OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wang J, Fan Y, Xia L. Nomograms to predict lung metastasis probability and lung metastasis subgroup survival in malignant bone tumors. Future Oncol 2021; 17:649-661. [PMID: 33464127 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to construct and validate nomograms for predicting lung metastasis and lung metastasis subgroup overall survival in malignant primary osseous neoplasms. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, logistic and Cox analyses were used to identify risk factors for lung metastasis in malignant primary osseous neoplasms and prognostic factors for overall survival in the lung metastasis subgroup. Further, nomograms were established and validated. A total of 3184 patients were collected. Variables including age, histology type, American Joint Committee on Cancer T and N stage, other site metastasis, tumor extension and surgery were extracted for the nomograms. The authors found that nomograms could provide an effective approach for clinicians to identify patients with a high risk of lung metastasis in malignant primary osseous neoplasms and perform a personalized overall survival evaluation for the lung metastasis subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Yonggang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, PR China
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50
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Wang B, Wang X, Tong X, Zhang Y. Schisandrin B Inhibits Cell Viability and Migration, and Induces Cell Apoptosis by circ_0009112/miR-708-5p Axis Through PI3K/AKT Pathway in Osteosarcoma. Front Genet 2021; 11:588670. [PMID: 33414806 PMCID: PMC7783358 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.588670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary tumor of bone and its incidence is increasing. Schisandrin B (Sch B), a generally used lignan in Chinese medicine, has been found to repress cancer progression. This study aims to reveal the effects and regulatory mechanism of Sch B in the viability, apoptosis and migration of osteosarcoma cells. In this study, we found circ_0009112 expression was higher and miR-708-5p expression was lower in SaOS2 and U2OS cells than in hFOB1.19 cells. Circ_0009112 expression was downregulated, but miR-708-5p was upregulated by Sch B treatment in a dose-dependent manner in SaOS2 and U2OS cells. Sch B exposure inhibited osteosarcoma development in vitro and in vivo; however, these effects were restored by circ_0009112. Furthermore, circ_0009112 acted as a sponge of miR-708-5p. Circ_0009112 regulated PI3K/AKT pathway after Sch B treatment by associating with miR-708-5p. Sch B exposure inhibited cell viability and migration, whereas promoted cell apoptosis by regulating circ_0009112/miR-708-5p axis through PI3K/AKT pathway in osteosarcoma cells. This study provided a theoretical basis for further studying osteosarcoma therapy with Sch B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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