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Yang C, Zhang X, Yang X, Lian F, Sun Z, Huang Y, Shen W. Function and regulation of RGS family members in solid tumours: a comprehensive review. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:316. [PMID: 37924113 PMCID: PMC10623796 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a key role in regulating the homeostasis of the internal environment and are closely associated with tumour progression as major mediators of cellular signalling. As a diverse and multifunctional group of proteins, the G protein signalling regulator (RGS) family was proven to be involved in the cellular transduction of GPCRs. Growing evidence has revealed dysregulation of RGS proteins as a common phenomenon and highlighted the key roles of these proteins in human cancers. Furthermore, their differential expression may be a potential biomarker for tumour diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Most importantly, there are few systematic reviews on the functional/mechanistic characteristics and clinical application of RGS family members at present. In this review, we focus on the G-protein signalling regulator (RGS) family, which includes more than 20 family members. We analysed the classification, basic structure, and major functions of the RGS family members. Moreover, we summarize the expression changes of each RGS family member in various human cancers and their important roles in regulating cancer cell proliferation, stem cell maintenance, tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. On this basis, we outline the molecular signalling pathways in which some RGS family members are involved in tumour progression. Finally, their potential application in the precise diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of different types of cancers and the main possible problems for clinical application at present are discussed. Our review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role and potential mechanisms of RGS in regulating tumour progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Fuming Lian
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Zongrun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Yongming Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
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You XJ, Li L, Ji TT, Xie NB, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. 6-Thioguanine incorporates into RNA and induces adenosine-to-inosine editing in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Prognostic Signatures and Therapeutic Value Based on the Notch Pathway in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1669664. [PMID: 35096263 PMCID: PMC8794688 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1669664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Notch family of genes encodes a group of highly conserved cell surface membrane receptors, which are involved in one of the key pathways that determine cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in embryonic tissues. Furthermore, abnormal expression of Notch genes is closely related to the occurrence and development of several cancers. To date, no specific treatment of RCC has been reported to relate to the Notch pathway. Therefore, we detected Notch pathway genes in series of tumors, as well as potential compounds targeting the Notch pathway, with a focus on the mechanism of Notch pathway action in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Samples from KIRC patients were divided into three clusters based on the mRNA expression of Notch pathway genes. In addition, we investigated the potential targets of the Notch pathway, predicted the IC50 of several classical targeted therapies, and analyzed their correlation with the Notch pathway. Finally, LASSO regression analysis was performed to build a model to predict survival in KIRC patients. These results suggest that therapies targeting the Notch pathway could be more efficiently studied based on the Notch score and that we can predict the prognosis of patients with KIRC based on the expression of Notch pathway genes. Most importantly, these results may provide a solid theoretical basis for future research on therapeutic targets for patients with KIRC.
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Larsen K, Heide-Jørgensen MP. Conservation of A-to-I RNA editing in bowhead whale and pig. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260081. [PMID: 34882682 PMCID: PMC8659423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process in which nucleotide changes are introduced into an RNA sequence, many of which can contribute to proteomic sequence variation. The most common type of RNA editing, contributing to nearly 99% of all editing events in RNA, is A-to-I (adenosine-to-inosine) editing mediated by double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR) enzymes. A-to-I editing at 'recoding' sites results in non-synonymous substitutions in protein-coding sequences. Here, we present studies of the conservation of A-to-I editing in selected mRNAs between pigs, bowhead whales, humans and two shark species. All examined mRNAs-NEIL1, COG3, GRIA2, FLNA, FLNB, IGFBP7, AZIN1, BLCAP, GLI1, SON, HTR2C and ADAR2 -showed conservation of A-to-I editing of recoding sites. In addition, novel editing sites were identified in NEIL1 and GLI1 in bowhead whales. The A-to-I editing site of human NEIL1 in position 242 was conserved in the bowhead and porcine homologues. A novel editing site was discovered in Tyr244. Differential editing was detected at the two adenosines in the NEIL1 242 codon in both pig and bowhead NEIL1 mRNAs in various tissues and organs. No conservation of editing of KCNB1 and EEF1A mRNAs was seen in bowhead whales. In silico analyses revealed conservation of five adenosines in ADAR2, some of which are subject to A-to-I editing in bowheads and pigs, and conservation of a regulatory sequence in GRIA2 mRNA that is responsible for recognition of the ADAR editing enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knud Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Zhu W, Jiang L, Pan C, Sun J, Huang X, Ni W. Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation signatures in sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:1297-1307. [PMID: 34253331 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation patterns in sperm from men with differential levels of sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI). DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University-affiliated reproductive medicine center. PATIENT(S) A total of 278 male patients consulting for couple infertility were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed using Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip on spermatozoal DNA from 20 male patients. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified and validated using targeted bisulfite amplicon sequencing in spermatozoal DNA from 266 males. RESULT(S) Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed three main clusters corresponding to sperm DFI levels (low, medium, or high). Between-cluster comparisons identified 959 (medium-low), 738 (high-medium), and 937 (high-low) DMRs. Sixty-six DMRs were validated in the 266-sample cohort, of which nine CpG fragments corresponding to nine genes (BLCAP, DIRAS3, FAM50B, GNAS, MEST, TSPAN32, PSMA8, SYCP1, and TEX12) exhibited significantly altered methylation in those with high DFI (≥25%) compared with those with low DFI (<25%). CONCLUSION(S) We identified and validated a distinct DNA methylation signature associated with sperm DNA damage in a large, unselected cohort. These results indicate that sperm DNA damage may affect DNA methylation patterns in human sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Zhu
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chengshuang Pan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Junhui Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wuhua Ni
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Lee SM, Han D, Kwon M, Noh H, Lee JH, Yoon Y, Cho JY, Ahn JH, Yoon K. Gamma secretase inhibition impairs HCMV replication by reduction of immediate early gene expression at the transcriptional level. Antiviral Res 2020; 183:104867. [PMID: 32755660 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to diverse pathogenic potentials, there is a growing need for anti-HCMV agents. In this study, we show that treatment with DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI), impairs HCMV replication as assessed by a progeny assay based on immunostaining. This effect is not limited to DAPT because other GSIs with different structures and distinct mechanisms of action also exhibit a similar level of inhibitory effects on HCMV viral production, indicating that γ-secretase activity is required for efficient HCMV replication. Western blot and qPCR analyses reveal that DAPT does not interfere with the viral entry process, but reduces expression of the immediate early protein IE1 at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, we exclude the possible involvement of Notch signaling pathway during HCMV replication by showing that expression of the dominant-negative form of MAML1, which disrupts the transactivational ability of Notch intracellular domain (NICD), does not reduce viral particle formation, and that NICD cannot rescue the DAPT-treated outcomes. Taken together, these findings indicate that γ-secretase activity plays an important role in a key step of the HCMV life cycle and γ-secretase inhibition could potentially be used as a novel preventive and therapeutic strategy against HCMV infection and HCMV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Min Lee
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Han
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mookwang Kwon
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogyun Noh
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Lee
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngik Yoon
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Keejung Yoon
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Cruz ALS, Barreto EDA, Fazolini NPB, Viola JPB, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets: platforms with multiple functions in cancer hallmarks. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:105. [PMID: 32029741 PMCID: PMC7005265 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (also known as lipid bodies) are lipid-rich, cytoplasmic organelles that play important roles in cell signaling, lipid metabolism, membrane trafficking, and the production of inflammatory mediators. Lipid droplet biogenesis is a regulated process, and accumulation of these organelles within leukocytes, epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and other nonadipocyte cells is a frequently observed phenotype in several physiologic or pathogenic situations and is thoroughly described during inflammatory conditions. Moreover, in recent years, several studies have described an increase in intracellular lipid accumulation in different neoplastic processes, although it is not clear whether lipid droplet accumulation is directly involved in the establishment of these different types of malignancies. This review discusses current evidence related to the biogenesis, composition and functions of lipid droplets related to the hallmarks of cancer: inflammation, cell metabolism, increased proliferation, escape from cell death, and hypoxia. Moreover, the potential of lipid droplets as markers of disease and targets for novel anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic therapies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L S Cruz
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Polo Novo Cavaleiros, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, Brazil
| | - Ester de A Barreto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Narayana P B Fazolini
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João P B Viola
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Cell Cycle Progression Regulates Biogenesis and Cellular Localization of Lipid Droplets. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00374-18. [PMID: 30782775 PMCID: PMC6469922 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00374-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular lipid accumulation has been associated with a poor prognosis in cancer. We have previously reported the involvement of lipid droplets in cell proliferation in colon cancer cells, suggesting a role for these organelles in cancer development. Intracellular lipid accumulation has been associated with a poor prognosis in cancer. We have previously reported the involvement of lipid droplets in cell proliferation in colon cancer cells, suggesting a role for these organelles in cancer development. In this study, we evaluate the role of lipid droplets in cell cycle regulation and cellular transformation. Cell cycle synchronization of NIH 3T3 cells revealed increased numbers and dispersed distribution of lipid droplets specifically during S phase. Also, the transformed cell lineage NIH 3T3-H-rasV12 showed an accumulation of both lipid droplets and PLIN2 protein above the levels in NIH 3T3 cells. PLIN2 gene overexpression, however, was not able to induce NIH 3T3 cell transformation, disproving the hypothesis that PLIN2 is an oncogene. Furthermore, positive PLIN2 staining was strongly associated with highly proliferative Ki-67-positive areas in human colon adenocarcinoma tissue samples. Taken together, these results indicate that cell cycle progression is associated with tight regulation of lipid droplets, a process that is altered in transformed cells, suggesting the existence of a mechanism that connects cell cycle progression and cell proliferation with lipid accumulation.
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Harishankar MK, Mohan AM, Krishnan AV, Devi A. Downregulation of Notch4 - a prognostic marker in distinguishing oral verrucous carcinoma from oral squamous cell carcinoma. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 85:11-16. [PMID: 29162408 PMCID: PMC9442864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral verrucous carcinoma is a special form of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma which possesses specific clinical, morphologic and cytokinetic features that differ from other types of oral cancers and hence diagnosis requires immense experience in histopathology. Hence it is certainly important to distinguish such a lesion from other oral tumors as treatment strategies vary widely between them. OBJECTIVE In search of a critical diagnostic marker in distinguishing oral verrucous carcinoma from oral squamous cell carcinoma, Notch4 receptor, one of the key regulatory molecules of the Notch signaling family has been aberrantly activated in the progression of several types of tumors. However its function in oral verrucous carcinoma remains unexplored. Thus the present study aims in determining the differential expression pattern of Notch4 in oral verrucous carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Ten patients reported positive for oral cancer (5 patients with oral verrucous carcinoma and 5 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma). Five normal tissue samples were also obtained and evaluated for clinicopathological parameters and immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real time polymerase chain reaction for Notch4 expression. RESULTS Our results reveal that the expression of Notch4 was considerably high in oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions compared to normal tissue, whereas in oral verrucous carcinoma, irrespective of the clinicopathological features, complete regulação descendente of Notch4 was observed. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings strongly support the fact that Notch4 is downregulated in oral verrucous carcinoma and could be considered as a suitable prognostic marker in distinguishing oral verrucous carcinoma from oral squamous cell carcinoma. This distinguishing marker can help in improving therapeutic options in patients diagnosed with oral verrucous carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Verrucous/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Verrucous/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Verrucous/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mouth Mucosa/pathology
- Mouth Neoplasms/chemistry
- Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Receptor, Notch4/analysis
- Reference Values
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Harishankar
- SRM University, School of Bioengineering, Department of Genetic Engineering, Kattankulathur, India
| | - A Mathan Mohan
- Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Cancer Foundation, Kancheepuram, India
| | - A Vinod Krishnan
- Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Cancer Foundation, Kancheepuram, India
| | - Arikketh Devi
- SRM University, School of Bioengineering, Department of Genetic Engineering, Kattankulathur, India.
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Du R, Tang G, Tang Z, Kuang Y. Ectopic expression of CC chemokine receptor 7 promotes prostate cancer cells metastasis via Notch1 signaling. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9639-9647. [PMID: 30548287 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There currently exists no satisfactory treatment for patients with prostate cancer with local evolution and distant metastasis. Previous studies have confirmed the importance of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) in the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer. And increasing evidence prove that Notch1 can play diametrically opposite roles in the development and progression of different tumors. To demonstrate the correlation between CCR7 and Notch1, PC-3 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-CCR7 or CCR7 si-RNA, respectively. Then Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of Notch1, ERK, P38, JNK, NF-κB, MMP-9, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. Moreover, matrigel invasion assays were performed to assess the migratory and invasive activities of PC-3 cells. PcDNA3.1-CCR7 increased the expression of Notch1, phospho-MAPK, phospho-P65, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and Snail in PC-3 cells, but decreased the expression of E-cadherin. PcDNA3.1-CCR7 also promoted the migration and invasion of PC-3 cells. However, CCR7 si-RNA reversed the effect of pcDNA3.1-CCR7 in PC-3 cells. And MAPK and NF-κB pathway inhibitors were used to testify that activation of Notch1 induces EMT through MAPK and NF-κB pathway. All these results indicate that upregulation of Notch1 by CCR7 can accelerate the evolution of EMT and develop the invasion and metastasis in prostate cancer cells by activating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in prostate cancer cells, which provides a new molecular evidence for targeted therapy in metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanlin Tang
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Sixth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaobing Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youlin Kuang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Huang YT, Wu TS, Lu CC, Yu FY, Liu BH. Aristolochic acid I interferes with the expression of BLCAP tumor suppressor gene in human cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 291:129-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Identification of BLCAP as a novel STAT3 interaction partner in bladder cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188827. [PMID: 29190807 PMCID: PMC5708675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer associated protein (Blcap) expression is commonly down-regulated in invasive bladder cancer, and may have prognostic value given that its expression is negatively correlated with patient survival. We have previously investigated the expression patterns and cellular localization of Blcap in bladder cancer, where we found that about 20% of the lesions examined displayed strong nuclear expression of Blcap, and that this phenotype was associated with overall poor disease outcome. Here we report on the analysis of possible functional associations between nuclear expression of Blcap and canonical signaling pathways. We performed serial immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of bladder tissue samples, with serial sections stained with phospho-specific antibodies recognizing key signaling intermediates, such as P-Stat3, P-Akt, and P-Erk1/2, among others, in an immunophenotyping approach we have established and reported previously. Using this approach, we found that nuclear localization of Blcap was associated with expression of P-Stat3. A parallel analysis, cytokine profiling of bladder tumor interstitial fluids of samples expressing (or not) Blcap, showed interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) to be correlated with nuclear expression of Blcap, independently supporting a role for Stat3 signaling in localization of Blcap. Multiple indirect immunofluorescence analysis of tissue biopsies confirmed that Blcap co-localized with Stat3. Furthermore, we could also demonstrate, using an in situ proximity ligation assay that Blcap and Stat3 are in close physical proximity of each other in bladder tissue, and that Blcap physically interacts with Stat3 as determined by co-immunoprecipitation of these proteins. Our data indicates that Blcap is a novel Stat3 interaction partner and suggests a role for Blcap in the Stat3-mediated progression of precancerous lesions to invasive tumors of the bladder.
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Zhang D, Zhang P, Yang P, He Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhu H, Xu N, Liang S. Downregulation of ATP1A1 promotes cancer development in renal cell carcinoma. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:15. [PMID: 28484360 PMCID: PMC5418755 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 subunit (ATP1A1) is widely observed in multiple types of tumors, and its tissue-specific expression relates to cancer development. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are not fully understood. METHODS We investigated the ATP1A1 expression changes and possible roles in RCC through a quantitative proteomic approach and an integrative biochemical assessment. We detected ATP1A1 in RCC with LC-MS/MS, and further validated its expression with immunohistochemical analyses of 80 pairs of the RCC tumor and non-tumor tissues samples. The association of ATP1A1 expression with RCC pathology was statistically analyzed. Cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8, boyden chamber assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was labeled with a single staining using a commercial kit, and was further detected with flow cytometry. RESULTS The ATP1A1 shows a significantly decreased expression in human RCC tissues than in the adjacent non-tumor tissues. The RCC patients with ATP1A1-positive expression exhibit longer overall survival time than the ATP1A1-negative patients. The exogenous overexpression of ATP1A1 inhibits RCC cell proliferation and cell migration by increasing the production of ROS. In addition, ATP1A1-mediated Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is suppressed in RCC cells, indicating the possible occurrence of induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro and in vivo data of ATP1A1 inhibitory roles in RCC progression suggest that ATP1A1 is a potential novel suppressor protein for renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17 Section 3, People’s South Road, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
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14
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Xiao W, Gao Z, Duan Y, Yuan W, Ke Y. Notch signaling plays a crucial role in cancer stem-like cells maintaining stemness and mediating chemotaxis in renal cell carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:41. [PMID: 28279221 PMCID: PMC5345133 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are correlated with the initiation, chemoresistance and relapse of tumors. Notch pathway has been reported to function in CSCs maintenance, but whether it is involved in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) CSCs maintaining stemness remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of Notch pathway on stemness of CSCs in RCC and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The CD133+/CD24+ cells were isolated from RCC ACHN and Caki-1 cell line using Magnetic-activated cell sorting and identified by Flow cytometry analysis. RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were used for determining the stemness maker expression. The effect of Notch pathway on function of CSCs was assessed by self-renewal ability, chemosensitivity, invasive and migratory ability tumorigenicity in vivo using soft agar colony formation assay, sphere-forming assay, MTT assay, Transwell assay. Results Here, we found that the sorted CD133+/CD24+cells possessed elevated stemness maker CTR2, BCL-2, MDR1, OCT-4, KLF4, compared with parental cells, as well as enhanced self-renewal ability, stronger resistance to cisplatin and sorafenib, increased invasion and migration, and higher tumorigenesis in vivo, suggesting the CD133+/CD24+ cells have the stem-like characteristics of CSCs and thus identified as RCC CSCs. Then the enhanced notch1, notch2, Jagged1, Jagged2, DLL1 and DLL4 expression were detected in RCC CSCs and blockage of Notch1 or notch2 using pharmacological inhibitor MRK-003 or its endogenous inhibitor Numb resulted in loss of its stemness features: self-renewal, chemoresistance, invasive and migratory potential, and tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, it is confirmed that overexpression of notch1 up-regulated CXCR4 inRCC CSCs and augmented SDF-1-induced chemotaxis in RCC CSCs in vitro, which could be rescued when treatment of CXCR4 inhibitor, suggesting that notch signaling promotes the chemotaxis of RCC CSCs by SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. Conclusions Our results provide a new mechanism of RCC CSCs maintaining stemness via notch pathway as well as a potential therapeutic target in human RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, JiefangWest Road 61, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, JiefangWest Road 61, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixing Duan
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, JiefangWest Road 61, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wuxiong Yuan
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, JiefangWest Road 61, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, JiefangWest Road 61, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Crabtree JS, Singleton CS, Miele L. Notch Signaling in Neuroendocrine Tumors. Front Oncol 2016; 6:94. [PMID: 27148486 PMCID: PMC4830836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoids and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise from the neuroendocrine cells of the GI tract, endocrine pancreas, and the respiratory system. NETs remain significantly understudied with respect to molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, particularly the role of cell fate signaling systems such as Notch. The abundance of literature on the Notch pathway is a testament to its complexity in different cellular environments. Notch receptors can function as oncogenes in some contexts and tumor suppressors in others. The genetic heterogeneity of NETs suggests that to fully understand the roles and the potential therapeutic implications of Notch signaling in NETs, a comprehensive analysis of Notch expression patterns and potential roles across all NET subtypes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy S Crabtree
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ciera S Singleton
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA; Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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16
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Zhao M, Zhang L, Qiu X, Zeng F, Chen W, An Y, Hu B, Wu X, Wu X. BLCAP arrests G₁/S checkpoint and induces apoptosis through downregulation of pRb1 in HeLa cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3050-8. [PMID: 26986503 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BLCAP (bladder cancer-associated protein) gene exhibited tumor suppressor function in different tumors and is regarded as a candidate tumor suppressor gene; however, the mechanism by which BLCAP exerts its function remains elusive. This study investigated the functional association between BLCAP and proliferation or apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, to identify the functional motifs of BLCAP. The BLCAP-shRNA expression vector based on pRNA-U6.1/Hygro plasmid was used to specifically inhibit BLCAP activity in HeLa cells. The optimal shRNA plasmid was selected to knock down BLCAP expression and the biological effects were investigated. The effects on cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometric or Annexin V-FITC staining analysis. The gene expression profiles of HeLa cells transfected with blcap-wt and BLCAP-shRNA were analyzed using human signal pathway gene Oligochips. The levels of protein expression and interaction of BLCAP with Rb1 proteins were determined by western blotting and Co-IP assays. The site-specific mutagenesis assay was used to identify amino acid residues important for BLCAP. Significantly differentially expressed genes were found by gene Oligo chips analysis. These genes were all correlated with proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. The results of western blotting and Co-IP assays confirmed that overexpression of BLCAP could interact with Rb1 and inhibit Rb1 phosphorylation. Further investigation revealed that SAXX mutation in the key regions of BLCAP suppressed the function of BLCAP and significantly increased the level of phosphorylated Rb1 protein. Here our findings suggested that the functional association of BLCAP and Rb1 might play important roles in proliferation and apoptosis of HeLa cells. It suggested that BLCAP could be a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Fanyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yuehui An
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Hubei Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xinxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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17
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An H, Zhu Y, Xu L, Chen L, Lin Z, Xu J. Notch1 Predicts Recurrence and Survival of Patients With Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma After Surgical Resection. Urology 2015; 85:483.e9-483.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Kim S, Park T, Kon M. Cancer survival classification using integrated data sets and intermediate information. Artif Intell Med 2014; 62:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Ai X, Jia Z, Liu S, Wang J, Zhang X. Notch-1 regulates proliferation and differentiation of human bladder cancer cell lines by inhibiting expression of Krüppel-like factor 4. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1459-64. [PMID: 25109409 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of Notch signaling pathways, consisting of 4 highly conserved receptors (Notch 1-4), induces expression of Krüppel-like transcription factors (KLFs) linked to bladder cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Effects of Notch-1 knockdown on cell proliferation, differentiation and KLF4 levels in bladder cancer cell lines were investigated. PsiRNA1‑mediated Notch-1 and KLF4 knockdown models and control model without the psiRNA1 vector were constructed using bladder cancer cell lines T24 and BIU87. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and expression of Notch-1 and KLF4 were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry assay with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. Proliferation was assessed in Notch-1 and/or KLF4 knockdown. The results showed that Notch-1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly lower following psiRNA1 vector transfection in both cell lines (P<0.05). Growth and proliferation of both cell lines were significantly inhibited by Notch-1 knockdown (P<0.05), and more G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis were observed compared to those in the control groups (P<0.05). The effects were time-dependent, peaking between 24-48 h and declining by 72 h. KLF4 expression was significantly higher in the Notch-1 knockdown group than in control cells (P<0.05). Notch-1 knockdown cell proliferation was significantly lower than that of Notch-1 and KLF4 knockdown (P<0.05). In conclusion, Notch-1 may act as an oncogene, regulating the proliferation and differentiation of bladder cancer cells by inhibiting KLF4. Pending further exploration of pathway variations and crosstalk, these pathways may be useful targets for bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ai
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Zhuomin Jia
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Shuanglin Liu
- Department of Urology, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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20
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Li L, Zhao F, Lu J, Li T, Yang H, Wu C, Liu Y. Notch-1 signaling promotes the malignant features of human breast cancer through NF-κB activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95912. [PMID: 24760075 PMCID: PMC3997497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of Notch-1 signaling pathway has been proven to be associated with the development and progression of cancers. However, the specific roles and the underlying mechanisms of Notch-1 signaling pathway on the malignant behaviors of breast cancer are poorly understood. In this study, using multiple cellular and molecular approaches, we demonstrated that activation of Notch-1 signaling pathway promoted the malignant behaviors of MDA-MB-231 cells such as increased cell proliferation, colony formation, adhesion, migration, and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis; whereas deactivation of this signaling pathway led to the reversal of the aforementioned malignant cellular behaviors. Furthermore, we found that activation of Notch-1 signaling pathway triggered the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and up-regulated the expression of NF-κB target genes including MMP-2/-9, VEGF, Survivin, Bcl-xL, and Cyclin D1. These results suggest that Notch-1 signaling pathway play important roles in promoting the malignant phenotype of breast cancer, which may be mediated partly through the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results further suggest that targeting Notch-1 signaling pathway may become a newer approach to halt the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Fenglong Zhao
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Espinoza I, Pochampally R, Xing F, Watabe K, Miele L. Notch signaling: targeting cancer stem cells and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1249-59. [PMID: 24043949 PMCID: PMC3772757 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s36162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway involved in cell fate control during development, stem cell self-renewal, and postnatal tissue differentiation. Roles for Notch in carcinogenesis, the biology of cancer stem cells, tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been reported. This review describes the role of Notch in the "stemness" program in cancer cells and in metastases, together with a brief update on the Notch inhibitors currently under investigation in oncology. These agents may be useful in targeting cancer stem cells and to reverse the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Espinoza
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Radhika Pochampally
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fei Xing
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved cell signaling pathway involved in cell fate during development, stem cell renewal and differentiation in postnatal tissues. Roles for Notch in carcinogenesis, in the biology of cancer stem cells and tumor angiogenesis have been reported. These features identify Notch as a potential therapeutic target in oncology. Based on the molecular structure of Notch receptor, Notch ligands and Notch activators, a set of Notch pathway inhibitors have been developed. Most of these inhibitors had shown anti-tumor effects in preclinical studies. At the same time, the combinatorial effect of these inhibitors with current chemotherapeutical drugs is still under study in different clinical trials. In this review, we describe the basics of Notch signaling and the role of Notch in normal and cancer stem cells as a logic way to develop different Notch inhibitors and their current stage of progress for cancer patient's treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Espinoza
- University of Mississippi, Cancer Institute, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lucio Miele
- University of Mississippi, Cancer Institute, Jackson, Mississippi
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23
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Zhou L, Zhang N, Li QJ, Sun W, Zhang Y, Wang DS, Dou KF. Associations between high levels of Notch1 expression and high invasion and poor overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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24
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Gromova I, Gromov P, Kroman N, Wielenga VT, Simon R, Sauter G, Moreira JMA. Immunoexpression analysis and prognostic value of BLCAP in breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45967. [PMID: 23049907 PMCID: PMC3458104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder Cancer Associated Protein (BLCAP, formerly Bc10), was identified by our laboratory as being down-regulated in bladder cancer with progression. BLCAP is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues, and several studies have found differential expression of BLCAP in various cancer types, such as cervical and renal cancer, as well as human tongue carcinoma and osteosarcoma. Here we report the first study of the expression patterns of BLCAP in breast tissue. We analyzed by immunohistochemistry tissue sections of normal and malignant specimens collected from 123 clinical high-risk breast cancer patients within the Danish Center for Translational Breast Cancer Research (DCTB) prospective study dataset. The staining pattern, the distribution of the immunostaining, and its intensity were studied in detail. We observed weak immunoreactivity for BLCAP in mammary epithelial cells, almost exclusively localizing to the cytoplasm and found that levels of expression of BLCAP were generally higher in malignant cells as compared to normal cells. Quantitative IHC analysis of BLCAP expression in breast tissues confirmed this differential BLCAP expression in tumor cells, and we could establish, in a 62-patient sample matched cohort, that immunostaining intensity for BLCAP was increased in tumors relative to normal tissue, in more than 45% of the cases examined, indicating that BLCAP may be of value as a marker for breast cancer. We also analyzed BLCAP expression and prognostic value using a set of tissue microarrays comprising an independent cohort of 2,197 breast cancer patients for which we had follow-up clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gromova
- Cancer Proteomics, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Research (DCTB), Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (JM); (IG)
| | - Pavel Gromov
- Cancer Proteomics, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Research (DCTB), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Kroman
- Department of Breast Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vera Timmermans Wielenga
- Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Research (DCTB), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, the Centre of Diagnostic Investigations, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronald Simon
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - José M. A. Moreira
- Cancer Proteomics, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Research (DCTB), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Pathobiology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (JM); (IG)
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25
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Huang X, Wang L, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhao X, Qian G, Hu J, Ge S, Fan X. Therapeutic efficacy by targeting correction of Notch1-induced aberrants in uveal tumors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44301. [PMID: 22937170 PMCID: PMC3429424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for more effective treatments for uveal melanoma. The recombinant oncolytic adenovirus H101 replicates specifically in p53-depleted tumor cells, and has been approved for use by the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration. However, this treatment is associated with subsequent remission. Transfection of uveal melanoma cells with a small interfering RNA against Notch1 (siNotch1) effectively suppressed Notch1 expression, resulting in significant cell growth inhibition when combined with H101 treatment. Combined treatment with siNotch1 and H101 (H101-Notch1-siRNA) greatly enhanced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro as compared to treatment with H101 or siNotch1 alone. For in vivo treatments, the combined treatment of siNotch1 and H101 showed remarkable tumor growth inhibition and prolonged mouse survival in the OCM1 xenograft model. We predict that Notch pathway deregulation could be a feature of uveal melanoma, and could be a therapeutic target, especially if p53 is concurrently targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He Zhang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanxiang Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifan Hu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (SG)
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (SG)
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Ma D, Dong X, Zang S, Ma R, Zhao P, Guo D, Dai J, Chen F, Ye J, Ji C. Aberrant expression and clinical correlation of Notch signaling molecules in breast cancer of Chinese population. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2012; 7:385-91. [PMID: 22151989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2011.01433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Notch signaling molecules play crucial roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis, yet their function in breast cancer remains unclear. METHODS Samples and clinical data from 62 breast cancer patients were collected. After total RNA isolation, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was applied to analyze the expression of Notch receptors (Notch1, Notch3 and Notch4) and ligands (DLL4 and JAG1), and their clinical association. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the intracellular domain of Notch1 (Notch1-IC) expression. RESULTS Notch1 was the dominant receptor while DLL4 was the dominant ligand. The Notch molecules expression pattern for infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) was similar to that for infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) except for JAG1, while Notch1 standard coefficients in ILC were statistically higher than that in IDC. Immunohistochemical results showed that Notch1-IC protein expression paralleled the mRNA level. Breast cancer patients' clinical parameters suggested that Notch1 expression was higher in stage II disease and lower in more advanced stages. The Notch3 positive rate was higher in patients with lower levels of Notch1, and the Notch3 positive rate was lower in patients with higher levels of Notch1. No apparent correlation of Notch molecules with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) was found. Though high Notch1 and Notch3 RNA levels tended to correlate with c-erbB2 expression, no statistical significance was found. CONCLUSION Notch molecules are useful biomarkers in breast cancer especially for Notch1 and DLL4, and Notch1 is expressed differently in different stages of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Ye QF, Zhang YC, Peng XQ, Long Z, Ming YZ, He LY. Silencing Notch-1 induces apoptosis and increases the chemosensitivity of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel through Bcl-2 and Bax. Oncol Lett 2012; 3:879-884. [PMID: 22741011 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although docetaxel-based chemotherapy is therapeutically efficacious, drug resistance often leads to treatment failure in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. The Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in prostate development and prostate cancer. We investigated whether silencing Notch-1 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of prostate cancer. To determine this, we performed cell and molecular analyses following the silencing of the Notch-1 gene in PC-3 castration-resistant prostate cancer cells using small interfering RNA. The results demonstrated that silencing the Notch-1 gene effectively inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In addition, docetaxel treatment results in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in the Notch-1-silenced cells compared to the control PC-3 cells. Docetaxel treatment was also accompanied by an upregulation of Bax and a downregulation of Bcl-2. Thus, Notch-1 silencing downregulates the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and upregulates the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, which ultimately results in increased sensitivity of PC-3 cells to docetaxel. Taken together, these results suggest that Notch-1 is potentially an effective target for treating castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Fa Ye
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of the National Ministry of Health, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Lapinskas EJ, Svobodova S, Davis ID, Cebon J, Hertzog PJ, Pritchard MA. The Ets transcription factor ELF5 functions as a tumor suppressor in the kidney. Twin Res Hum Genet 2011; 14:316-22. [PMID: 21787113 DOI: 10.1375/twin.14.4.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is an important clinical disease with poorly understood etiology. ELF5 is an epithelial-specific member of the Ets family of transcription factors, characterized by the 80 amino acid Ets domain that binds the purine-rich GGAA/T Ets motif found in the promoter regions of a variety of genes. Since ELF5 is highly expressed in kidney and has been postulated to function as a tumor suppressor, at least in the context of the breast, we investigated its role in kidney cancer. In renal cell carcinoma ELF5 expression was consistently decreased in tumor samples versus normal. ELF5 mRNA was decreased in 94% of lesions tested and ELF5 protein was undetectable in 40/40 kidney-derived carcinomas. Re-expression of the ELF5 gene in 786-O renal carcinoma cells suppressed their tumorigenic capacity in vitro and in vivo. This work is the first to suggest that ELF5 has tumor suppressor activity in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Lapinskas
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Human Disease, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Australia
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Sureban SM, May R, Mondalek FG, Qu D, Ponnurangam S, Pantazis P, Anant S, Ramanujam RP, Houchen CW. Nanoparticle-based delivery of siDCAMKL-1 increases microRNA-144 and inhibits colorectal cancer tumor growth via a Notch-1 dependent mechanism. J Nanobiotechnology 2011; 9:40. [PMID: 21929751 PMCID: PMC3200989 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development of effective drug delivery systems capable of transporting small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been elusive. We have previously reported that colorectal cancer tumor xenograft growth was arrested following treatment with liposomal preparation of siDCAMKL-1. In this report, we have utilized Nanoparticle (NP) technology to deliver DCAMKL-1 specific siRNA to knockdown potential key cancer regulators. In this study, mRNA/miRNA were analyzed using real-time RT-PCR and protein by western blot/immunohistochemistry. siDCAMKL-1 was encapsulated in Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-based NPs (NP-siDCAMKL-1); Tumor xenografts were generated in nude mice, treated with NP-siDCAMKL-1 and DAPT (γ-secretase inhibitor) alone and in combination. To measure let-7a and miR-144 expression in vitro, HCT116 cells were transfected with plasmids encoding the firefly luciferase gene with let-7a and miR-144 miRNA binding sites in the 3'UTR. Results Administration of NP-siDCAMKL-1 into HCT116 xenografts resulted in tumor growth arrest, downregulation of proto-oncogene c-Myc and Notch-1 via let-7a and miR-144 miRNA-dependent mechanisms, respectively. A corresponding reduction in let-7a and miR-144 specific luciferase activity was observed in vitro. Moreover, an upregulation of EMT inhibitor miR-200a and downregulation of the EMT-associated transcription factors ZEB1, ZEB2, Snail and Slug were observed in vivo. Lastly, DAPT-mediated inhibition of Notch-1 resulted in HCT116 tumor growth arrest and down regulation of Notch-1 via a miR-144 dependent mechanism. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that nanoparticle-based delivery of siRNAs directed at critical targets such as DCAMKL-1 may provide a novel approach to treat cancer through the regulation of endogenous miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripathi M Sureban
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Fan R, Chen P, Zhao D, Tong JL, Li J, Liu F. Cooperation of deregulated Notch signaling and Ras pathway in human hepatocarcinogenesis. J Mol Histol 2011; 42:473-81. [PMID: 21892768 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-011-9353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant Notch signaling and Ras pathway had been highlighted a potential role for in human cancers. Yet, relatively little was known about the roles of wild type Notch signaling and Ras in human hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of Ras-Notch signaling cooperation in hepatic cells transformation and proliferation. Hepatocellular carcinoma specimens from 25 patients were analyzed for Notch-1, Ras and Late Simian Virus 40 Factor (LSF) expression using immunohistochemistry. Results showed that Notch-1(76%, 19/25, P < 0.0001), Ras (40%, 10/25, P < 0.01) and LSF (84%, 21/25, P < 0.0001) were significantly up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma compared with non-cancer samples. The correlations between the expression and the biological effects of Notch1 and Ras were analyzed by genetic and pharmacological methods. Constitutively active Notch1 alone failed to transform immortalized L02 cells in vivo, it synergized with the Ras pathway to promote hepatic cells transformation. However, their cooperation increased the levels of LSF mRNA and protein, which stimulates L02 cells proliferation. These results exhibited highly aggressive progression, suggesting that Notch-Ras cooperation maybe lead to poor prognosis. Thus, combining the inhibition of the two pathways provided an attractive avenue for therapeutic intervention to overcome this advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Fan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Sirin Y, Susztak K. Notch in the kidney: development and disease. J Pathol 2011; 226:394-403. [PMID: 21952830 DOI: 10.1002/path.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Notch signalling is a highly conserved cell-cell communication mechanism that regulates development, tissue homeostasis, and repair. Within the kidney, Notch has an important function in orchestrating kidney development. Recent studies indicate that Notch plays a key role in establishing proximal epithelial fate during nephron segmentation as well as the differentiation of principal cells in the renal collecting system. Notch signalling is markedly reduced in the adult kidney; however, increased Notch signalling has been noted in both acute and chronic kidney injury. Increased glomerular epithelial Notch signalling has been associated with albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, while tubular epithelial Notch activation caused fibrosis development most likely inducing an improper epithelial repair pathway. Recent studies thereby indicate that Notch is a key regulator of kidney development, repair, and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Sirin
- Department of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Fan RH, Li J, Wu N, Chen PS. Late SV40 factor: A key mediator of Notch signaling in human hepatocarcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3420-30. [PMID: 21876634 PMCID: PMC3160568 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i29.3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship between late SV40 factor (LSF) and Notch signaling in the development and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Liver cancer tissue specimens from 25 patients were analyzed for Notch-1 and LSF expression by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between expression and the biological effects of Notch-1 and LSF were analyzed using genetic and pharmacological strategies in HCC cell lines and human normal cell lines, including hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HEK).
RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that both Notch-1 and LSF were significantly upregulated in HCC samples (76%, 19/25, P < 0.0001 and 84%, 21/25, P < 0.0001, respectively) compared with non-cancer samples. Activation of Notch-1 by exogenous transfection of Notch1 intracellular domain increased LSF expression in HSC and HEK cells to levels similar to those seen in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, blocking Notch-1 activation with a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, downregulated LSF expression in HepG2 cells. Additionally, a biological behavior assay showed that forced overexpression of LSF promoted HepG2 cell proliferation and invasion.
CONCLUSION: LSF is a key mediator of the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting that it might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Dai J, Gu J, Lu C, Lin J, Stewart D, Chang D, Roth JA, Wu X. Genetic variations in the regulator of G-protein signaling genes are associated with survival in late-stage non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21120. [PMID: 21698121 PMCID: PMC3117866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) pathway plays an important role in signaling transduction, cellular activities, and carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that genetic variations in RGS gene family may be associated with the response of late-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. We selected 95 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 17 RGS genes and genotyped them in 598 late-stage NSCLC patients. Thirteen SNPs were significantly associated with overall survival. Among them, rs2749786 of RGS12 was most significant. Stratified analysis by chemotherapy or chemoradiation further identified SNPs that were associated with overall survival in subgroups. Rs2816312 of RGS1 and rs6689169 of RGS7 were most significant in chemotherapy group and chemoradiotherapy group, respectively. A significant cumulative effect was observed when these SNPs were combined. Survival tree analyses identified potential interactions between rs944343, rs2816312, and rs1122794 in affecting survival time in patients treated with chemotherapy, while the genotype of rs6429264 affected survival in chemoradiation-treated patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the importance of RGS gene family in the survival of late-stage NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charles Lu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Stewart
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jack A. Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Merrill MJ, Edwards NA, Lonser RR. Notch receptor and effector expression in von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated central nervous system hemangioblastomas. J Neurosurg 2011; 115:512-7. [PMID: 21663414 DOI: 10.3171/2011.5.jns11271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Central nervous system hemangioblastomas are the most common manifestation of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, an autosomal dominant tumor suppressor syndrome that results in loss of VHL protein function and continuous upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors. These tumors are composed of neoplastic stromal cells and abundant vasculature. Stromal cells express markers consistent with multipotent embryonically arrested hemangioblasts, which are precursors for hematopoietic and vascular lineages. Notch receptors are transmembrane signaling molecules that regulate multiple developmental processes including hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis. To investigate the importance of notch signaling in the development of VHL disease-associated CNS hemangioblastomas, the authors examined the presence of the four notch receptors and downstream notch effectors in this setting. METHODS The authors used surgical specimens obtained from confirmed VHL-associated hemangioblastomas. Immunohistochemical analysis for the four notch receptors and the downstream effectors was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Western blot analysis for HES1 was performed on frozen specimens. RESULTS All four notch receptors are present in hemangioblastomas. NOTCH1 and NOTCH4 receptors were widely and prominently expressed in both the stromal and vascular cells, NOTCH2 receptor expression was limited to primarily stromal cells, and NOTCH3 receptor expression was limited to vascular cells. All 4 receptors displayed a nuclear presence. Immunohistochemical analysis also demonstrated that downstream notch effectors, HES1 and HES5, were uniformly expressed in tumor stromal and vascular cells, but HES3, HEY1, and HEY2 were not. Strong HES1 expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS The presence of all four notch receptors and downstream effector molecules suggests that the notch signaling pathway plays a critical role in the maintenance of the undifferentiated pluripotent phenotype of these tumors and in the associated vascular response. Moreover, the prominent expression of notch receptors in VHL-associated CNS hemangioblastomas reveals a new and possibly potent therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha J Merrill
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1414, USA.
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Wiernik PH, Österborg A. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Survival of MM cells is dependent on Notch signaling. Med Oncol 2011; 28:1626. [PMID: 21359862 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sureban SM, May R, Lightfoot SA, Hoskins AB, Lerner M, Brackett DJ, Postier RG, Ramanujam R, Mohammed A, Rao CV, Wyche JH, Anant S, Houchen CW. DCAMKL-1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human pancreatic cells through a miR-200a-dependent mechanism. Cancer Res 2011; 71:2328-38. [PMID: 21285251 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease in great need of more effective therapeutic options. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in cancer invasion and metastasis, and there is a gain of stem cell properties during EMT. Here we report increased expression of the putative pancreatic stem cell marker DCAMKL-1 in an established KRAS transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer and in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Colocalization of DCAMKL-1 with vimentin, a marker of mesenchymal lineage, along with 14-3-3 σ was observed within premalignant PanIN lesions that arise in the mouse model. siRNA-mediated knockdown of DCAMKL-1 in human pancreatic cancer cells induced microRNA miR-200a, an EMT inhibitor, along with downregulation of EMT-associated transcription factors ZEB1, ZEB2, Snail, Slug, and Twist. Furthermore, DCAMKL-1 knockdown resulted in downregulation of c-Myc and KRAS through a let-7a microRNA-dependent mechanism, and downregulation of Notch-1 through a miR-144 microRNA-dependent mechanism. These findings illustrate direct regulatory links between DCAMKL-1, microRNAs, and EMT in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, they demonstrate a functional role for DCAMKL-1 in pancreatic cancer. Together, our results rationalize DCAMKL-1 as a therapeutic target for eradicating pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripathi M Sureban
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Galeano F, Leroy A, Rossetti C, Gromova I, Gautier P, Keegan LP, Massimi L, Di Rocco C, O'Connell MA, Gallo A. Human BLCAP transcript: new editing events in normal and cancerous tissues. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:127-37. [PMID: 19908260 PMCID: PMC2958456 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP) is a highly conserved protein among species, and it is considered a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene originally identified from human bladder carcinoma. However, little is known about the regulation or the function of this protein. Here, we show that the human BLCAP transcript undergoes multiple A-to-I editing events. Some of the new editing events alter the highly conserved amino terminus of the protein creating alternative protein isoforms by changing the genetically coded amino acids. We found that both ADAR1 and ADAR2-editing enzymes cooperate to edit this transcript and that different tissues displayed distinctive ratios of edited and unedited BLCAP transcripts. Moreover, we observed a general decrease in BLCAP-editing level in astrocytomas, bladder cancer and colorectal cancer when compared with the related normal tissues. The newly identified editing events, found to be downregulated in cancers, could be useful for future studies as a diagnostic tool to distinguish malignancies or epigenetic changes in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Galeano
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza S Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The Cancer Report from the World Health Organization states that in the year 2000 12% of all death cases worldwide were caused by cancer. In the western world, the cancer death rates are often devastating, being at about 25%. This fact stresses the urgency to find effective cures against malignant diseases. New approaches in the treatment of cancer focus on the development of immunotherapies to fight the disease. Besides other methods, the usage of tumor-specific RNA as part of vaccines is investigated lately. RNA, administered alone or used for transfection of dendritic cells, shows several advantages as a vaccine including feasibility, applicability, safeness, and effectiveness when it comes to the generation of immune responses. This review concentrates on results from in vitro experiments and recent trials using RNA vaccines to present an overview about this specific strategy.
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Pang RTK, Leung CON, Ye TM, Liu W, Chiu PCN, Lam KKW, Lee KF, Yeung WSB. MicroRNA-34a suppresses invasion through downregulation of Notch1 and Jagged1 in cervical carcinoma and choriocarcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1037-44. [PMID: 20351093 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of other genes by transcriptional inhibition or translational repression. miR-34a is a known tumor suppressor gene and inhibits abnormal cell growth. However, its role in other tumorigenic processes is not fully known. This study aimed to investigate the action of miR-34a on cell invasion. We found that miR-34a is expressed at various levels in cervical cancer (HeLa, SiHa, C4I, C33a and CaSki) and trophoblast (BeWo and JAR) cell lines. Transient forced expression of miR-34a did not affect the proliferation of these cell lines. Computational miRNA target prediction suggested that Notch1 and Jagged1 were targets of miR-34a. By using functional assays, miR-34a was demonstrated to bind to the 3' untranslated regions of Notch1 and Jagged1. Forced expression of miR-34a altered the expression of Notch1 and Jagged1 protein as well as Notch signaling as shown by the response of Hairy Enhancer of Split-1 protein to these treatments using western blot analysis. Forced expression of miR-34a suppressed the invasiveness of HeLa and JAR cells. By using gamma-secretase inhibitor (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester) that interfered Notch signaling and RNA interference that knockdown Notch1 expression, we confirmed that downregulation of Notch1 reduced the invasiveness of the cells. Transfection of intracellular domain of Notch nullifies the effect of miR-34a on the invasiveness of the cells. Besides, we identified that miR-34a affected cell invasion by regulating expression of urokinase plasminogen activator through Notch. Our results provide evidence that miR-34a inhibits invasiveness through regulation of the Notch pathway and its downstream matrix degrading enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald T K Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Fan X, Khaki L, Zhu TS, Soules ME, Talsma CE, Gul N, Koh C, Zhang J, Li YM, Maciaczyk J, Nikkhah G, Dimeco F, Piccirillo S, Vescovi AL, Eberhart CG. NOTCH pathway blockade depletes CD133-positive glioblastoma cells and inhibits growth of tumor neurospheres and xenografts. Stem Cells 2010; 28:5-16. [PMID: 19904829 DOI: 10.1002/stem.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be critical for the engraftment and long-term growth of many tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). The cells are at least partially spared by traditional chemotherapies and radiation therapies, and finding new treatments that can target CSCs may be critical for improving patient survival. It has been shown that the NOTCH signaling pathway regulates normal stem cells in the brain, and that GBMs contain stem-like cells with higher NOTCH activity. We therefore used low-passage and established GBM-derived neurosphere cultures to examine the overall requirement for NOTCH activity, and also examined the effects on tumor cells expressing stem cell markers. NOTCH blockade by gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) reduced neurosphere growth and clonogenicity in vitro, whereas expression of an active form of NOTCH2 increased tumor growth. The putative CSC markers CD133, NESTIN, BMI1, and OLIG2 were reduced following NOTCH blockade. When equal numbers of viable cells pretreated with either vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) or GSI were injected subcutaneously into nude mice, the former always formed tumors, whereas the latter did not. In vivo delivery of GSI by implantation of drug-impregnated polymer beads also effectively blocked tumor growth, and significantly prolonged survival, albeit in a relatively small cohort of animals. We found that NOTCH pathway inhibition appears to deplete stem-like cancer cells through reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis associated with decreased AKT and STAT3 phosphorylation. In summary, we demonstrate that NOTCH pathway blockade depletes stem-like cells in GBMs, suggesting that GSIs may be useful as chemotherapeutic reagents to target CSCs in malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA.
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Moreira JMA, Ohlsson G, Gromov P, Simon R, Sauter G, Celis JE, Gromova I. Bladder cancer-associated protein, a potential prognostic biomarker in human bladder cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 9:161-77. [PMID: 19783793 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900294-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that no single marker will have the sensitivity and specificity necessary to be used on its own for diagnosis/prognosis of tumors. Interpatient and intratumor heterogeneity provides overwhelming odds against the existence of such an ideal marker. With this in mind, our laboratory has been applying a long term systematic approach to identify multiple biomarkers that can be used for clinical purposes. As a result of these studies, we have identified and reported several candidate biomarker proteins that are deregulated in bladder cancer. Following the conceptual biomarker development phases proposed by the Early Detection Research Network, we have taken some of the most promising candidate proteins into postdiscovery validation studies, and here we report on the characterization of one such biomarker, the bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), formerly termed Bc10. To characterize BLCAP protein expression and cellular localization patterns in benign bladder urothelium and urothelial carcinomas (UCs), we used two independent sets of samples from different patient cohorts: a reference set consisting of 120 bladder specimens (formalin-fixed as well as frozen biopsies) and a validation set consisting of 2,108 retrospectively collected UCs with long term clinical follow-up. We could categorize the UCs examined into four groups based on levels of expression and subcellular localization of BLCAP protein and showed that loss of BLCAP expression is associated with tumor progression. The results indicated that increased expression of this protein confers an adverse patient outcome, suggesting that categorization of staining patterns for this protein may have prognostic value. Finally, we applied a combinatorial two-marker discriminator using BLCAP and adipocyte-type fatty acid-binding protein, another UC biomarker previously reported by us, and found that the combination of the two markers correlated more closely with grade and/or stage of disease than the individual markers. The implications of these results in biomarker discovery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M A Moreira
- Department of Proteomics in Cancer, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Daino K, Ugolin N, Altmeyer-Morel S, Guilly MN, Chevillard S. Gene expression profiling of alpha-radiation-induced rat osteosarcomas: Identification of dysregulated genes involved in radiation-induced tumorigenesis of bone. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:612-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Asemissen AM, Brossart P. Vaccination strategies in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:1169-74. [PMID: 19360405 PMCID: PMC11030192 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although new treatment options for patients with advanced renal cell cancer (RCC) have been developed within recent years, vaccination is still a promising emerging treatment option. An increasing number of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) available for RCC are currently used and analyzed for their efficacy for antigen-specific vaccine strategies. Recently, antigen-specific vaccination with dendritic cells in patients with metastatic RCC was shown to induce cytotoxic T cell response associated with objective clinical responses in some of the patients. Furthermore, current studies focus on the development of more effective vaccine regimes, such as the application of polyvalent, HLA-independent RNA coding for multiple TAA and adjuvants. First results demonstrate promising clinical and immunological efficacy. The efficacy of antigen-specific vaccination might be improved by a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, since sunitinib was shown to promote T cell induction following vaccination in a mouse model and elimination of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Asemissen
- Medizinische Klinik II, Hematology and Oncolgy, St. Johannes Klinikum, An der Abtei 7-11, 47166 Duisburg, Germany.
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Hurst JH, Hooks SB. Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins in cancer biology. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:1289-97. [PMID: 19559677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) family is a diverse group of multifunctional proteins that regulate cellular signaling events downstream of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In recent years, GPCRs have been linked to the initiation and progression of multiple cancers; thus, regulators of GPCR signaling are also likely to be important to the pathophysiology of cancer. This review highlights recent studies detailing changes in RGS transcript expression during oncogenesis, single nucleotide polymorphisms in RGS proteins linked to lung and bladder cancers, and specific roles for RGS proteins in multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian H Hurst
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Sun S, Du R, Gao J, Ning X, Xie H, Lin X, Liu J, Fan D. Expression and clinical significance of Notch receptors in human renal cell carcinoma. Pathology 2009; 41:335-41. [DOI: 10.1080/00313020902885003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Romaschin AD, Youssef Y, Chow TFF, Siu KWM, DeSouza LV, Honey RJ, Stewart R, Pace KT, Yousef GM. Exploring the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma: pathway and bioinformatics analysis of dysregulated genes and proteins. Biol Chem 2009; 390:125-35. [PMID: 19090715 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2009.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified a group of proteins which are dysregulated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this study, we performed bioinformatics and pathway analysis of these proteins. Proteins were mapped to gene ontology biological processes. The upregulated proteins tend to cluster in processes, such as cancer initiation and progression. In addition, we identified a number of pathways that are significantly enriched in RCC. Some of these are 'common' pathways which are dysregulated in many cancers, but we also identified a number of pathways which were not previously linked to RCC. In addition to their potential prognostic values, many of these pathways have a potential as therapeutic targets for RCC. To verify our findings, we compared our proteins to a pool of datasets from published reports. Although there were only a minimal number of common proteins, there was a significant overlap between the identified pathways in the two groups. Moreover, out of 16 individually discovered genes identified by a literature search, 10 were found to be related to our dysregulated pathways. We also verified the upregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in RCC by immunohistochemistry. Finally, we highlight the potential clinical applications of pathway analysis in kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Romaschin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Center in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
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48
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Arsanious A, Bjarnason GA, Yousef GM. From bench to bedside: current and future applications of molecular profiling in renal cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:20. [PMID: 19291329 PMCID: PMC2667482 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the adult population, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) constitutes the most prevalent form of kidney neoplasm. Unfortunately, RCC is relatively asymptomatic and there are no tumor markers available for diagnostic, prognostic or predictive purposes. Molecular profiling, the global analysis of gene and protein expression profiles, is an emerging promising tool for new biomarker identification in RCC. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on RCC regarding clinical presentation, treatment options, and tumor marker status. We present a general overview of the more commonly used approaches for molecular profiling at the genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic levels. We also highlight the emerging role of molecular profiling as not only revolutionizing the process of new tumor marker discovery, but also for providing a better understanding of the pathogenesis of RCC that will pave the way towards new targeted therapy discovery. Furthermore, we discuss the spectrum of clinical applications of molecular profiling in RCC in the current literature. Finally, we highlight some of the potential challenging that faces the era of molecular profiling and its transition into clinical practice, and provide an insight about the future perspectives of molecular profiling in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Androu Arsanious
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute. St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Canada
| | - Georg A Bjarnason
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute. St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Schulz R, McCole RB, Woodfine K, Wood AJ, Chahal M, Monk D, Moore GE, Oakey RJ. Transcript- and tissue-specific imprinting of a tumour suppressor gene. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 18:118-27. [PMID: 18836209 PMCID: PMC2666296 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bladder Cancer-Associated Protein gene (BLCAP; previously BC10) is a tumour suppressor that limits cell proliferation and stimulates apoptosis. BLCAP protein or message are downregulated or absent in a variety of human cancers. In mouse and human, the first intron of Blcap/BLCAP contains the distinct Neuronatin (Nnat/NNAT) gene. Nnat is an imprinted gene that is exclusively expressed from the paternally inherited allele. Previous studies found no evidence for imprinting of Blcap in mouse or human. Here we show that Blcap is imprinted in mouse and human brain, but not in other mouse tissues. Moreover, Blcap produces multiple distinct transcripts that exhibit reciprocal allele-specific expression in both mouse and human. We propose that the tissue-specific imprinting of Blcap is due to the particularly high transcriptional activity of Nnat in brain, as has been suggested previously for the similarly organized and imprinted murine Commd1/U2af1-rs1 locus. For Commd1/U2af1-rs1, we show that it too produces distinct transcript variants with reciprocal allele-specific expression. The imprinted expression of BLCAP and its interplay with NNAT at the transcriptional level may be relevant to human carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Schulz
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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50
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Riedmann EM, Schopoff S, Hartner JC, Jantsch MF. Specificity of ADAR-mediated RNA editing in newly identified targets. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2008; 14:1110-8. [PMID: 18430892 PMCID: PMC2390793 DOI: 10.1261/rna.923308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosines to inosine in both coding and noncoding double-stranded RNA. Deficiency in either ADAR1 or ADAR2 in mice is incompatible with normal life and development. While the ADAR2 knockout phenotype can be attributed to the lack of editing of the GluR-B receptor, the embryonic lethal phenotype caused by ADAR1 deficiency still awaits clarification. Recently, massive editing was observed in noncoding regions of mRNAs in mice and humans. Moreover, editing was observed in protein-coding regions of four mRNAs encoding FlnA, CyFip2, Blcap, and IGFBP7. Here, we investigate which of the two active mammalian ADAR enzymes is responsible for editing of these RNAs and whether any of them could possibly contribute to the phenotype observed in ADAR knockout mice. Editing of Blcap, FlnA, and some sites within B1 and B2 SINEs clearly depends on ADAR1, while other sites depend on ADAR2. Based on our data, substrate specificities can be further defined for ADAR1 and ADAR2. Future studies on the biological implications associated with a changed editing status of the studied ADAR targets will tell whether one of them turns out to be directly or indirectly responsible for the severe phenotype caused by ADAR1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Riedmann
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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